High gain multi-layered microstrip patch antenna for x- band applications

Abstract

This research investigates the development of a multi-stacked microstrip antenna featuring two patch elements positioned in a layered configuration. The antenna design incorporates three substrates with different dielectric constants, separated by an air gap, to evaluate their impact on improving bandwidth and gain. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the efficiency of a microstrip patch antenna by utilising a multilayer substrate structure. Simulation results indicate that stacking substrates with varying dielectric properties significantly enhances antenna performance. The bandwidth increases considerably, from 1.38 GHz to 2.37 GHz, while the peak gain improves from 6.6 dBi to 7.9 dBi. These advancements highlight the antenna's effectiveness in operating within the X-band frequency range, making it suitable for wireless and satellite communication systems. The design and its performance were analysed using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software, which validated its practical feasibility. This innovative configuration addresses the bandwidth limitations typically associated with conventional microstrip antennas, ensuring improved operational efficiency for modern communication technologies. The findings highlight the benefits of utilising a multi-stacked structure to achieve superior antenna performance, particularly in advanced communication applications.