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E-commerce waste management: a systematic review

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp817-827
Mohd. Suhaimi Shamsuddin , Noor Fadhiha Mokhtar , Safiek Mokhlis , Zuha Rosufila Abu Hasan , NajdahAbd Aziz , Mohamad Nizam Yusof
This paper reviews literature on e-commerce waste management issues and challenges, focusing on potential improvements in Malaysia. It analyzes various sources, including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar (GS), using thematic and content analysis based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review highlights the surge in packaging and electronic waste due to increased e-commerce activity. In response, Malaysia has introduced policies promoting sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly packaging, e-waste regulations, and circular economy (CE) principles. Growing consumer awareness has also driven demand for sustainable e-commerce options. However, the key challenge is to reduce waste generation rather than just managing it. Achieving this will require significant efforts to minimize excessive manufacturing and packaging. The review aims to provide insights for stakeholders to support effective waste management and foster sustainability in the e-commerce sector.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 817-827
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Improvement direct torque control of induction motor using robust intelligence artificial ANFIS speed controller

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1552-1565
Laoufi Abdelhaq , Chergui Moulay-Idriss , Soufiane Chekroun
This paper proposes a study aimed at improving the conventional direct torque control (DTC) technique applied to induction motors (IM). The primary aim is to reduce the harmonic distortions and fluctuations associated with the electrical current, flux variations, and generated torque, while ensuring accurate speed reference tracking and ensuring optimal dynamic performance of the drive, especially under variable speed conditions. To achieve this, we introduce an intelligent control system that utilizes a hybrid neuro-fuzzy inference model (ANFIS), through the application of the back propagation method. The DTC-ANFIS technique is compared with the traditional DTC-PI method and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink in different scenarios. The obtained results reveal a significant improvement in performance over DTC-PI, with superior results over a wide speed range.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1552-1565
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Effectiveness of dashboard as a work progress scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making in construction projects

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp878-885
Putri Lynna Adelina Luthan , Nathanael Sitanggang
Scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making are important factors in determining the general achievement of sustainable construction. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a dashboard as a measuring tool for construction project scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making. A survey with a Likert scale (5 scale) on each viewpoint, including planning, oversight, and independent direction, of 15 respondents from project executors and 7 respondents from supervisors was used as instrumentation. The results showed that the dashboard was evaluated with a value of 92.25 among executors and supervisors linked to product characteristics. Executors also used the scheduling dashboard with a value of 91.73, and the feature of employing the concept for supervision was appropriate as a measuring instrument, scoring 92.15. Furthermore, the final step was the aspect of using the dashboard for decision-making, which was tested and used with a value of 88.14. The use dashboard model is an effective tool for work progress scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making in construction projects.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 878-885
Publish at: 2025-09-01

ToLatin application acceptability evaluation to support Balinese script transliteration learning

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp804-816
Luh Joni Erawati Dewi , Gede Indrawan , I Made Agus Oka Gunawan , I Wayan Sutaya , Sariyasa Sariyasa
This work supported Indonesia's research focus area on information and communication technology (ICT) content improvement for information data on various forms of local wisdom. As one of the various forms of local wisdom, the Balinese script was supported by the ToLatin application that transliterates Balinese script into Latin text. It has been used to support Balinese script learning at the high school level in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. To determine the acceptability of this application, which had not been studied before, a user acceptance evaluation was conducted using a combination of acceptance variables from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and success variables from DeLone & McLean. This study used a quantitative method with data collection through questionnaires from 385 respondents. The data analysis used the importance-performance analysis (IPA) method through suitability, gap, and quadrant analyses. The study results indicated that the acceptability of ToLatin could be more optimal. The suitability analysis revealed an average score of 87.91%, indicating the need for improvement in system quality, particularly the innovative indicator (SysQ3), based on the quadrant analysis. The gap analysis revealed an average score of -0.54 from 7 acceptance variables, indicating the need to improve system performance to meet user expectations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 804-816
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on modified DC-DC buck-boost converter topology

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp620-630
Ro’ad Baladi Al Komar , Arwindra Rizqiawan
This research proposes a single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on novel topology. A modified DC-DC buck-boost converter was chosen because characteristics of voltage boost and low input current ripple. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed converter cells was elaborated in this study. Furthermore, a control technique is designed for the proposed converter. A double-loop control method using proportional integral (PI) is employed in this research. The outer loop controls the output voltage, while the inner loop is used to control the inductor current. By employing double-loop control, the presence of ripple current and voltage can be reduced even further. Simulation and experimental results validate the converter’s effectiveness, demonstrating stable voltage output under varying input voltage (33-36 V) and load conditions, maintaining a 40 V output with an overshoot within ±5%. The results show that the modified buck-boost converter can achieve improved efficiency and ripple reduction compared to conventional models, making it a viable solution for renewable energy systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 620-630
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An innovative design and development of multilevel inverter for a wind energy conversion system

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp751-760
Rosaiah Mudigondla , Thiruveedula Madhu Babu , Supriya Dachepalli , Anudeep Panjula , Md Yousuf Ali , Bakam Anirudh
The drawbacks of fossil fuel-based energy sources, including high costs, pollution, scarcity, and environmental damage, highlight how urgent it is to switch to renewable energy sources. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are currently required for the production of wind electricity. In this research, to get a reduced harmonic distortion, use 31-level inverter based on shifted carrier-pulse width modulation (SC-PWM) is developed for wind power generation using MATLAB/Simulink. It aids in minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) to 3.20, and the output voltage is enhanced by the suggested MLI. Wind energy extraction is optimized by combining with a proportional integral derivative (PID) control system. MATLAB/Simulink has been used to make sure the MLI structure and look into the implementation of wind energy conversion systems using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). In order to show that the suggested inverter architecture improves power conversion efficiency and stability in renewable energy systems, the study also examines power efficiency, system dependability, and the viability of large-scale applications. Additionally, the study investigates grid integration, modulation strategies, and switching losses to guarantee increased sustainability, dependability, and efficiency in wind energy applications while lowering operating costs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 751-760
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Artificial neural network based sensorless position estimation and direct torque control for stepper motor

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp702-710
Nagasridhar Arise , Thiruveedula Madhu Babu , Srinidhi Gollapudi , Tarun Kumar Dommeti , Abhishek Kummari , Mahith Shambukari
This study describes and illustrates how sensorless location estimation is achieved through the application of artificial neural network (ANN) control. Control stepper motor torque directly. Using stepper motors directly leads to a lot of problems; therefore, automated control systems are now commonly preferred. Stepper motors have several drawbacks when used directly, including the potential for steps to occasionally be missing while the motors are running. When physical sensors are not available, the proposed method estimates rotor position and speed using electrical signals and ANN algorithms. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate accurate position estimation (±1.5°) and efficient torque control. The sensorless direct torque control (DTC)-ANN approach increases the performance, reliability, and cost of stepper motors in robotics, computer numerical control (CNC) machines, and 3D printing.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 702-710
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Minimizing the switching losses in the SiC MOSFET by using buried oxide

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp613-619
Ali Hlal Mutlaq , Sura Hamad Faraj , Majeed Rashid Zaidan , Ghanim Thiab Hasan , Ahmed Saad Names
For optimizing the efficiency of the power switching devices, it is important to reduce the switching power losses. One method to minimize the switching power losses is to reduce the gate drain charge (QGD). In this paper, a 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET device with a buried oxide has been proposed to minimize QGD. The proposed design has been conducted by using the TCAD simulation program. The on-resistance (Ron,sp), QGD have been measured and analyzed based on the width and thickness of the buried oxide layer and compared with the measurement of traditional SiC MOSFET. The obtained results indicate that the QGD of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET with buried oxide with WBO of 0.25 μm and TBO of 0.3 μm was reduced to about 31.3% which mean a minimize of power losses. The comparison results indicate that the proposed device with a buried oxide layer can be effectively used as an optimum solution for minimizing the power switching losses.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 613-619
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Implementing fuzzy control for a DC-DC boost converter using FPGA

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp656-665
V. Radhika , Karuppannan Srinivasan , R. Kiruba
This research explores the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to mitigate static voltage errors and reduce voltage spikes in DC-DC boost converters. Given the dynamic nature of the load impedance in these converters, FPGA is well-suited for designing systems with adaptive behavior. The study implements a fuzzy control algorithm on FPGA in a simulation environment with a small sampling period. The parallel processing capability of FPGA enables the simultaneous execution of fuzzy control algorithms, enhancing the system's responsiveness to rapid changes in load conditions. This approach minimizes voltage overshoot and effectively suppresses voltage spikes. By leveraging FPGA’s high-speed parallelism and flexibility, the research demonstrates significant improvements in the dynamic performance of the DC-DC boost converter. The results highlight FPGA’s potential as a robust platform for controlling power electronic systems, ensuring improved stability and efficiency under varying load conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 656-665
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design and analysis of two switch DC-DC converters for E-vehicle applications

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp522-532
Jayanthi Kathiresan , Gnanavadivel Jothimani
A non-isolated DC-DC converter topology is proposed in this paper, which is distinguished by its superior performance and reduced component count in comparison to conventional converter designs. The suggested architecture is especially appropriate for applications demanding a large voltage step-up since it achieves an improved voltage conversion ratio and excellent efficiency. The addition of a voltage-boosting element, which is an inductor combined in series with a switching device, to the source side of a conventional boost converter is a unique feature of the suggested converter. To confirm the converter's operating features, a thorough theoretical analysis has been carried out, including stability and steady-state evaluations. In addition, a hardware prototype with a 200 V output and 100 W power rating was created in order to test the converter's functionality. With a peak efficiency of 94.3%, the prototype showed good agreement with analytical forecasts. The suggested converter is a viable option for renewable energy applications because of its high voltage gain, small size, and efficiency. This is especially true for solar systems and other distributed energy sources, where low component counts and high step-up ratios are preferred.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 522-532
Publish at: 2025-09-01

ANFIS and PI based performance analysis of three phase three wire distribution system for THD reduction

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp752-760
Khammampati R. Sreejyothi , J. Jayakumar , P. Venkatesh Kumar
Due to the rising usage of nonlinear loads and power electronic devices in businesses, one of the key power system concerns today is inadequacy of power quality (PQ). This article presents compensation of current harmonics in distribution system in source side by using adaptive neuro fuzzy inferences system (ANFIS) controller. DSTATCOM optimized proportional integral (PI) controller and ANFIS regulator are utilized for DC link voltage regulation. The ANFIS controller showed better performance compared to PI controller during compensating harmonics time. This paper compared two control schemes results PI and ANFIS. Three-phase three-wire inverter is used for DSTATCOM circuit. In the results compared DC capacitor voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) values of source current. The THD with PI controller is 7.92% while by using ANFIS controller it is reduced to 2.76%. The concert of proposed method is analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink software.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 752-760
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Enhanced multi-mode control of Z-source virtual synchronous generator for photovoltaic systems using fuzzy logic controller

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp701-711
Vempalle Rafi , Pradyumna Kumar Dhal , Shaik Hussain Vali , Sadhu Radha Krishna , Uppuluri Suryavalli , S. Vinoth John Prakash
An enhanced multi-mode control solution for a Z-source virtual synchronous generator (ZVSG) that makes use of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed by this study for use in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a potential grid integration option for PV systems, the ZVSG has great potential due to its steady and adjustable power production. A stable voltage and frequency output can be maintained by the ZVSG when it is running in a variety of modes, such as grid-connected, standalone, and islanding, according to the control approach that has been provided. The FLC is used for the purpose of controlling the switching frequency of the ZVSG as well as the DC-link voltage. The performance of the ZVSG is improved by the FLC-based control approach that has been proposed. This technique reduces the steady state error and offers a rapid dynamic response. The results of the simulation show that the recommendation for a control approach improves the performance of the ZVSG across a wide variety of operating modes and load conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 701-711
Publish at: 2025-09-01

The application potential of net zero energy building using rooftop photovoltaics case study of apartments in Gorontalo Province

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp743-751
Abdi Gunawan Djafar , Niniek Pratiwi , Yasin Mohamad , Zhiqiang John Zhai
Gorontalo Province is one of the developing regions in Indonesia. The province has been actively building apartments since 2009. The construction increases population density and energy use intensity. Consequently, demand for electricity power rises. Renewable energy such as rooftop photovoltaics has the potential as a power source for the apartments, considering the abundant solar radiation in Gorontalo which is located near the equator line. Three apartments representing three levels of the inhabitant’s income are selected as study case for the application of photovoltaic (PV) on roof to achive net zero energy building. Simulation of PV energy to power the buildings is conducted using photovoltaic geographical information system (PVGIS). By utilizing monthly electrical bill data, it is found that PV on roof is sufficient to cover the building energy demand and achieve net zero energy building (NZEB). However, there is uncertainty of the fluctuation of energy demand due to the tenant’s energy consumption behaviour. The consumption intensity is limited only by the installed power on each apartment unit. PV on roof alone is unable to provide the need if it is employed to power the unit to the maximum extent.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 743-751
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Study of the development of tandem solar cells to achieve higher efficiencies

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp647-655
Debani Prasad Mishra , Jayanta Kumar Sahu , Umamani Subudhi , Arun Kumar Sahoo , Surender Reddy Salkuti
Tandem solar cells are the brand-new age revolution within the photovoltaic (PV) enterprise thanks to their higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) capability as compared to single-junction solar cells, which are presently dominating, however intrinsically restrained. With the appearance of steel halide perovskite absorber substances, manufacturing extremely efficient tandem solar cells at an inexpensive price can profoundly regulate the future PV landscape. It has been formerly seen that tandem solar cells primarily based on perovskite have confirmed that they can convert mild more efficiently than stand-alone sub-cells. To reap PCEs of greater than 30%, numerous hurdles have to be addressed, and our understanding of this interesting era has to be accelerated. On this, a technique of aggregate of substances was followed and via a modified numerical technique, it was decided what preference of substances for the pinnacle and bottom sub-cell consequences in a better fee of electricity conversion efficiency (PCE). Through this study, it was discovered that the use of germanium telluride (GeTe) backside subcellular together with perovskite (MAPbI3-xClx) as pinnacle subcell can offer an excessive performance of 46.64% compared to a tandem mobile with perovskite (MAPbI3)/CIGS and perovskite (MAPbI3)/GeTe which produce decrease efficiencies. SCAPS-1D was used to evaluate and simulate the overall performance of the developed tandem cells.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 647-655
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Evaluation of sensorless VF-MRAS and FOC-MRAS of IM electrical drive system

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp513-521
Moustapha Diop , Abdoulaye Kebe , Ibrahima Gueye
This paper evaluates the performance of sensorless vector and scalar control methods, namely field-oriented control-based model reference adaptive system (FOC-MRAS) and voltage frequency-based model reference adaptive system (VF-MRAS), applied to an induction motor (IM) driven by a space vector modulation inverter. In motorized systems, conventional control methods use mechanical sensors, which can be cumbersome and costly. To overcome these limitations, sensorless control techniques based on speed estimation have been introduced. In this paper, MRAS-based sensorless speed control for IM drives using rotor flux is used. This adaptive system uses a reference model based on rotor flux and implements closed-loop control. The estimated speed derived from the current and voltage models is compared to the desired speed and adjusted by the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The performances of the approaches are evaluated in terms of speed regulation and minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux ripples, through a comparative analysis of sensor and sensorless controls under various operating conditions, including variable loads and speed reversal. The simulation results obtained, using consistent criteria for both methods, confirm the effectiveness of sensorless control.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 513-521
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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