Articles

Access the latest knowledge in applied science, electrical engineering, computer science and information technology, education, and health.

Advanced Search
Filter Icon

Filters article

Years

FAQ Arrow
Single Year
Range Year
0
0

Source Title

FAQ Arrow

Authors

FAQ Arrow

29,939 Article Results

A framework for security risk assessment of blockchain-based applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp952-962
Mohammad Qatawneh
Blockchain technology has revolutionized various industries by enabling decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant digital transactions. However, despite its benefits, blockchain-based applications are vulnerable to security threats such as smart contract exploits, 51% attacks, Sybil attacks, and private key compromises, posing significant risks to their integrity and reliability. Traditional security frameworks lack a comprehensive approach to systematically assess and mitigate these risks across different blockchain layers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the blockchain cybersecurity risk assessment model (BCRAM), a structured framework designed to identify, analyze, evaluate, and mitigate security risks in blockchain systems. The methodology involves categorizing threats, assessing risks using quantitative and qualitative techniques, and validating the model through a case study on Ethereum. Results demonstrate that implementing BCRAM led to a 65% reduction in smart contract exploits, a 70% decrease in phishing incidents, and an 85% improvement in distributed denial of service (DDoS) resilience, proving its effectiveness. This research offers a standardized risk assessment approach, providing valuable insights for developers, security analysts to enhance blockchain security.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 952-962
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Design and implementation of smart farming prototype with renewable energy and IoT

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1326-1336
Rudi Susanto , Wiji Lestari , Herliyani Hasanah
Indonesia faces food security challenges in several regions, and the adoption of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), internet of thing (IoT), and renewable energy in the agricultural sector has not been optimal. This research aims to develop an integrated smart farming system, including monitoring, controlling, and prediction features based on renewable energy to support national food security, especially for chili plants. The method used in the research is an experiment, starting from analysis, design, manufacture, and testing. The result of the research is a smart farming prototype that has been tested with experts, partners and farmers. The results of expert testing obtained that the monitoring feature, in this case the accuracy is 4.36 out of 5 for all sensors, as well as the controlling and prediction features have met technical, functional, and practical needs. The results of the usability evaluation using the system usability scale (SUS) method involving partners and farmers obtained an average SUS score of 73.125. This result is categorized as an excellent rating and can be given a grade B and the acceptance range is high. So, from this study it can be concluded that the smart farming prototype can be used by chili farmers.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1326-1336
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Advancements and challenges in deep learning techniques for lung disease diagnosis

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1053-1062
Laxmi Bagalkot , Kelapati Kelapati
This study explores the application of deep learning (DL) techniques in diagnosing lung diseases using screening methods such as Chest X-Rays (CXRs) and computed-tomography (CT) scans. The motivation for this research stems from the need for advanced diagnostic tools in healthcare, with DL showing significant potential in medical image analysis. Despite advancements, challenges such as high costs of CT scans, processing time constraints, image noise, and variability persist. To address these issues, the study conducts a thorough literature survey to identify diverse preprocessing techniques, detection algorithms, and classification models designed for CXR analysis. In conclusion, this work contributes to the advancement of medical imaging technologies by offering innovative solutions, acknowledging existing limitations, and addressing the challenges in lung disease diagnosis. Future research should focus on further refining these techniques and exploring their application in broader clinical settings.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1053-1062
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Technology in halal certification: a ten-year bibliometric study

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1280-1298
Yan Putra Timur , Sri Abidah Suryaningsih , Clarashinta Canggih , Fira Nurafini , Maryam Bte Badrul Munir , Asiah Binti Ali
This study explores the role of technology in halal certification using bibliometric analysis. Based on 88 articles from the Scopus database (2014–2024), the research employs tools like Publish or Perish (PoP), Microsoft Excel, and VOSviewer to reveal the intellectual framework of relevant literature. The finding indicates a steady increase in manuscript productivity from 2014-2024 despite a declining citation trend. Journal of Islamic Marketing, Mohd Zabiedy Mohd Sulaiman, Malaysia, and the National Defence of Malaysia emerged as most prolific journal, author, country, and institution that produce the most, respectively, in publishing on the topic. The paper that has influenced other research the most is Rejeb et al.’s integrating the IoT in the halal food supply chain: a systematic literature review and research agenda. Five significant keyword clusters that frequently show up in the 88 articles examined in this study are halal supply chain, consumer behavior towards halal foods, the role of blockchain in the halal industry, the role of information technology in halal cosmetics, and halal logo in food products. This study highlights the increasing integration of technology in halal certification, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and alignment with industry demands to maintain relevance. Additionally, it underscores Malaysia’s leadership in this field while noting the global expansion of halal research, the impact of emerging technologies like blockchain and IoT, and the need for stronger institutional collaboration to enhance transparency, traceability, and market growth.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1280-1298
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Creating inclusive UX: uncovering gender-bugs in higher education website through GenderMag’ing

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp996-1004
Maria Isabel Milagroso Santos , Thelma Domingo Palaoag , Anazel Patricio Gamilla
Higher education websites serve as service-providing and information-disseminating platforms which may contain gender-related usability issues that affect how male and female users interact with digital platforms. This study applied the gender inclusiveness magnifier (GenderMag) method to identify and assess these gender-specific usability barriers. Researchers conducted cognitive walkthrough sessions using gendered personas, Abi (female) and Tim (male), uncovering key inclusivity bugs aligned to specific cognitive facets-motivation, information processing style, computer self-efficacy, risk aversion, and learning style. Insights from these walkthroughs guided the creation of a structured usability survey, administered to 200 respondents equally divided between males and females, comprising faculty and upper-year BS information technology students. Statistical analysis revealed significant gender differences specifically in information processing style (p=0.0003), emphasizing distinct preferences for content organization and navigation between genders. The integration of usability factors with GenderMag’s cognitive facets effectively pinpointed areas requiring inclusive design adjustments, guiding future efforts to enhance equitable digital interactions in educational environments.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 996-1004
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Secure lightweight CAN protocol handling for electric vehicles

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp774-782
Vandana Vijaykumar Hanchate , Rupali Kamathe , Meghana Deshpande , Kalyani Joshi , Sheetal Borde , Abrar Inamdar , Vijayalakshmi Madduru
The integrity of controller area network (CAN) protocols in electric vehicles (EVs) is of paramount importance, due to their susceptibility to cyber intrusions and unauthorized access. Traditional encryption-based security solutions, such as advanced encryption standard (AES) and anomaly detection methods, often introduce high computational overhead and latency, making them unsuitable for real-time EV communication. This study proposes a secure lightweight CAN protocol (SLCP), implemented using ARDUINO Uno and MCP2515, which enhances message integrity, authentication, and fault recovery without compromising system efficiency. Experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed SLCP reduces message authentication latency by 25% and improves message integrity by 40% compared to conventional encryption techniques. Additionally, packet resynchronization time was reduced by 30%, ensuring minimal disruptions in case of message loss. These findings establish SLCP as a viable, real-time alternative for low-power EV communication networks. The study contributes to advancing lightweight security frameworks for EV networks, paving the way for scalable, real-time cybersecurity solutions in modern electric transportation.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 774-782
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Detection of the Tajweed rules in the Qur’anic recitations

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp914-926
Karim Aly Mohammad , Ahmed Hisham Kandil , Ahmed Mohamed El-Bialy , Sahar Ali Fawzi
Tajweed is the science of reciting the Holy Quran, focusing on the clarity and correctness of recitation. This paper aims to accurately detect the spoken Tajweed rules applied during Quranic recitation, providing a well-structured Tajweed rules database for further analysis, Tajweed learning, and the training of advanced classification models. The main contribution of this work is to identify a high-accuracy approach for Tajweed rules detection and analysis. An improved template matching approach is introduced to enhance detection accuracy by matching the Quranic verse audio file with multiple speech patterns of a specific rule and selecting the best match. The Quranic audio file is segmented into smaller patterns by finding the correlation between the adjacent audio frames. Then, the template matching is applied to these segmented patterns to identify the best-matching ones. The template matching technique relies on a Tajweed database of 487 patterns of the Madd, Noon Sakinah, Tanween, and Meem Sakinah rules. An overall detection accuracy of 97.1% is achieved, and the Tajweed-pattern database is expanded to include the newly detected rules, increasing their total count to 2,583. Furthermore, an application based on the detected rules in this study was developed to enhance the performance of new Tajweed learners.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 914-926
Publish at: 2025-08-01

The design of an electronic load for mitigating transient overvoltage in the track circuits of railway signaling systems

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp807-820
Ukrit Kornkanok , Sansak Deeon , Chuthong Summatta , Saktanong Wongcharoen
The research presented the design of safety electronic load suppression (SELS) for mitigating transient overvoltage in the track circuits of railway signaling systems while changing the track occupancy in the track circuits of the signaling system that caused damage to the BR966F2 relay. The analysis of the average failure of the electronic devices, the failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA), and the performance test of electronic devices were conducted. and the performance test of electronic devices were conducted. which can control the operation with 2oo3 processing mode (two out of three voting) under the series circuits pattern to resolve the damage caused by the application. Results illustrated that the mean operating time of the SELS between failures was 9,399 hours. In addition, regarding the performance of the electronic load for mitigating transient overvoltage of 1 kV at 31.4 V and overvoltage 50 VDC at 178.6 °C within 83 seconds at 35.4 V. Additionally, the SELS could function adequately without failure or causing any damage. Therefore, the SELS was more reliable.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 807-820
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Ethics in human-robot interaction research

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1005-1012
Robinson Jimenez Moreno , Anny Astrid Espitia Cubillos , Javier Eduardo Martinez Baquero
This paper explores the basic ethical and bioethical considerations necessary to mediate interaction with various everyday robots, analyzing several stateof-the-art reports and own research, considering advances in human-robot interaction (HRI) and artificial intelligence (AI). It is important to indicate that the adoption of robotic assistance systems is limited by users' nervousness about the enforcement of ethics, security and privacy of their information, in addition to the regular threats of Internet use, considering that HRI must reason its social and ethical impacts by including specific issues associated with HRI such as autonomy, transparency, deception and policies. In this way, it is relevant both to evaluate how robotic architectures influence people's daily lives and to study how to avoid possible negative impacts. Finally, it is significant to establish the ethical considerations required to enable the development of AI algorithms that help HRI in a natural way.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1005-1012
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Development of ResNet-18 architecture to lesion identification in breast ultrasound images

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1236-1248
Silfia Andini , Sumijan Sumijan , Iskandar Fitri
Breast ultrasound (USG) is widely used for early breast cancer detection, but challenges such as noise, low contrast, and resolution limitations hinder accurate lesion identification. This study proposes a modified residual network-18 (ResNet-18) architecture for breast lesion segmentation, aimed at improving detection accuracy. The methodology involves preprocessing steps including red green blue (RGB) to Grayscale conversion, contrast stretching, and median filtering to enhance image quality. The modified ResNet-18 model introduces additional convolutional layers to refine feature extraction. The proposed model was trained and validated on 30 breast ultrasound images, with evaluation metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Experimental results indicate that the modified architecture outperforms the baseline model, achieving an average accuracy of 0.97093, sensitivity of 0.90056, and specificity of 0.97705. Validation by a radiology specialist confirms the model’s clinical relevance. These findings suggest that the enhanced ResNet-18 model has the potential to assist radiologists in more accurately identifying breast lesions. Future research should focus on expanding the dataset, integrating multi-modal imaging, and optimizing model generalizability for real-time clinical applications. The study contributes to advancing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven breast cancer diagnostics, supporting early detection, and improving patient outcomes.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1236-1248
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Efficient object detection for augmented reality based english learning with YOLOv8 optimization

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1189-1197
Arya Krisna Putra , Fiqri Ramadhan Tambunan , Samson Ndruru , Andry Chowanda
This study develops a mobile-based augmented reality (AR) application with machine learning for elementary school students to enhance basic English vocabulary learning. The application integrates an optimized YOLOv8 object detection model, designed to recognize 20 common classroom objects in real-time. The model optimization involves replacing standard Conv layers with GhostConv and the C2f block with the C2fCIB block that has significantly improved computational efficiency. Evaluation results show the optimized model reduces the parameters by 22.003% and decreases the file size from 6.2 MB to 4.9 MB. The model performance improved by achieving precision of 83.7%, recall of 73.5% and a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 81.4%. The model was integrated into the Unity platform via the Barracuda library, enabling real-time detection and interactive display of 3D objects. This aplication also complete with English text, translations, example sentences also audio pronunciation. 3D objects representing classroom vocabulary were specifically created to support AR-based learning. Performance testing on a Samsung A14 showed an improved frame rate of 6–12 FPS compared to the original model’s 5–10 FPS. These results demonstrate that the optimized YOLO model effectively integrates with AR technology, creating a more interactive and enjoyable vocabulary learning experience.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1189-1197
Publish at: 2025-08-01

A simulation-based investigation into the bidirectional charge and discharge dynamics in lead-acid batteries

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp783-796
Muhammad Aiman Noor Zelan , Muhammad Nabil Hidayat , Nik Hakimi Nik Ali , Muhammad Umair , Muhammad Izzul Mohd Mawardi , Ahmad Sukri Ahmad , Ezmin Abdullah
This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based investigation into the bidirectional charge and discharge dynamics of lead-acid batteries within electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS). Utilizing a bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) integrated with a lead-acid battery, the study explores the performance of these batteries through various charging and discharging scenarios. The simulation model, implemented using MATLAB, assesses the impact of charging strategies on battery behavior, focusing on key metrics such as state of charge (SOC), energy performance, and charging rates. The results reveal that lead-acid batteries, when paired with appropriate charging infrastructure and strategies, demonstrate enhanced performance and reliability in both EV and ESS applications. The study highlights the significant role of BDC topology in facilitating efficient energy transfer and optimizing battery usage. The findings underscore the potential for improved performance and widespread adoption of bidirectional converters in sustainable energy solution.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 783-796
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Systematic literature review of learning model using augmented reality for generation Z in higher education

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp1109-1120
Zulfachmi Zulfachmi , Normala Rahim , Wan Rizhan , Puji Rahayu , Aggry Saputra
Higher education is evolving with innovations aimed at enhancing the quality of learning, and one prominent innovation is the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology into the learning process. AR merges real-world and virtual elements in real-time, creating interactive and immersive educational experiences. This technology supports the display and interaction with virtual objects, enhancing engagement and comprehension among students. However, effective integration of AR in higher education faces challenges such as limited technological infrastructure, the need for skilled lecturers, and the adaptation of teaching methods to suit generation Z's learning preferences. Despite their technological proficiency, many educational institutions struggle to optimally implement innovations like AR. This systematic literature review aims to explore and identify an AR-based learning model suitable for generation Z in higher education. Findings suggest that AR technology can significantly enhance learning by offering engaging visualizations and interactive experiences, aligning well with generation Z's characteristics and learning styles. Effective AR implementation requires suitable platforms, such as mobile, desktop, wearable, and projection platforms, each offering unique benefits. By designing AR learning models that cater to generation Z, educational institutions can improve learning outcomes and experiences.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 1109-1120
Publish at: 2025-08-01

The validity of the mobile gamification in economic subject

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.30341
Mohd Zaim Zainal Adnan , Mohamad Zuber Abd Majid , Nofouz Mafarja , Nur Fadzlunnisaa’ Wakimin , Maslawati Mohamad
Mobile gamification has shown growing adoption in education, demonstrating potential to enhance engagement and learning outcomes. This study addresses challenges in economics education, including moderate student achievement, reliance on teachers, and lack of student motivation. To tackle these issues, a mobile gamification tool was developed for secondary school economics. The study’s objective was to validate the content and educational relevance of this tool. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-method design, the research comprised two phases. First, focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with seven economics and technology experts to assess the tool’s interface and educational content. In the second phase, a content validity index (CVI) assessment quantified expert agreement on five key content areas. Results indicated a high level of expert consensus, with CVI values ranging from 0.87 to 1.00. These findings demonstrate that the gamified mobile tool is a valid educational resource that aligns with curriculum standards and can enhance student engagement in economics. The study concludes that mobile gamification is an effective strategy to support Economics education, encouraging self-directed learning and classroom interaction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2979-2989
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Psychometric properties of multidimensional life-satisfaction scale on Indonesian college students

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33503
I Putu agus Apriliana , Kadek Suranata
College students face various challenges, making the emphasis on life satisfaction increasingly important. To promote life satisfaction in higher education specifically in Indonesia, highlighting a valid and reliable measurement tool is necessary. The multidimensional life-satisfaction scale (MLSS) has been widely used, but its psychometric properties require evaluation for application among college students in Indonesia. Hence, this study investigates the psychometric properties of the MLSS, involving 651 Indonesian college students who completed an online survey. Data were collected using the original 40-item Indonesian version of the MLSS and factor analysis was conducted to assess construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) establishes a five-factor solution and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirms the second model with fourteen items met the goodness-of-fit. The five constructs (family, friends, campus, environment, and self) indicate well enough score both on average variance extracted (AVE) (range from .50 to .64) and composite reliability (range from .66 to 80). Internal consistency was acceptable, and correlations between constructs were significant. All items demonstrated sufficient factor loading. The short-form self-report model of the MLSS was found to be valid and reliable for use with college students in Indonesia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2565-2573
Publish at: 2025-08-01
1 2 3
...
1995 1996
Show 158 of 1996

Discover Our Library

Embark on a journey through our expansive collection of articles and let curiosity lead your path to innovation.

Explore Now
Library 3D Ilustration