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29,939 Article Results

Explainable zero-shot learning and transfer learning for real time Indian healthcare

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp91-101
Swati Saigaonkar , Vaibhav Narawade
Clinical note research is globally recognized, but work on real-time data, particularly from India, is still lagging. This study initiated by training models on medical information mart for intensive care (MIMIC) clinical notes, focusing on conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial infarction (MI), and asthma using the structured medical domain bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (SMDBERT) model. Subsequently, these models were applied to an Indian dataset obtained from two hospitals. The key difference between publicly available datasets and real-time data lies in the prevalence of certain diseases. For example, in a real-time setting, tuberculosis may exist, but the MIMIC dataset lacks corresponding clinical notes. Thus, an innovative approach was developed by combining a fine-tuned SMDBERT model with a customized zero-shot learning method to effectively analyze tuberculosis-related clinical notes. Another research gap is the lack of explainability because deep learning (DL) models are inherently black-box. To further strengthen the reliability of the models, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) explanations were projected along with narrative explanations which generated explanations in a natural language format. Thus, the research provides a significant contribution with ensemble technique of zero-shot learning and SMDBERT model with an accuracy of 0.92 as against the specialized models like scientific BERT (SCIBERT), biomedical BERT (BIOBERT) and clinical BioBERT.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 91-101
Publish at: 2025-04-01

The integration of discrete contourlet transform in OFDM framework for future wireless communication

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp182-194
Mohamed Hussien Mohamed Nerma , Adam Mohamed Ahmed Abdo
In the upcoming era, the forthcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication network will demand highly efficient technology to support extensive capacity, ultra-high speeds, low latency, scalability, and adaptability. While the current fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system relies on OFDM technology, the evolution towards a beyond 5G wireless communication system necessitates a new OFDM framework. This study introduces a novel OFDM system that integrates the discrete Contourlet transform. A comparative analysis has been conducted among the proposed system, conventional OFDM, and curvelet-based OFDM systems. The results indicate that the proposed system offers improvements in bit error rate (BER), reduced computational complexity, decreased peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and enhanced power spectrum density (PSD) when contrasted with both the traditional and curvelet-based systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 182-194
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Connected caregiving: investigating mothers in the era of digital access

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp347-354
Anissa Saidi , Wong Yee Von , Tirzah Zubeidah Zachariah@ Omar , Lim Seong Pek , Rita Wong Mee Mee , Khoo Kim Leng
Mothers have embraced and utilized digital access for nurturing and personal use to enhance their roles while balancing newfound demands. The Internet has provided mothers access to information on various topics, including pregnancy, childbirth, and infant care. Social media tools and platforms have also provided mothers with a space to connect with other mothers, share experiences, and seek support. This scoping review aims to identify the relationship of the focus skills among mothers in utilizing digital access. Four databases, including Scopus, web of science (WOS), education resources information centre (ERIC), and ScienceDirect, were used in this research, which found 36 articles for eligibility. Only 16 articles are eligible for analysis and reference after the exclusion and inclusion process for data collection. Based on the 16 publications examining mothers’ use of internet access, four essential skills have been identified. These included social, digital, cultural, and problem-solving skills and are acknowledged as being related to digital access mothering. The findings show these skills are offered to mothers through digital access, fostering diverse skill sets, contributing to their empowerment, and supporting sustainable development goal 5: gender equality, aiming to enhance women’s roles and ensure equal opportunities through digital inclusion.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 347-354
Publish at: 2025-04-01

An ensemble approach for detection of diabetes using SVM and DT

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp689-698
Mangalapalli Vamsikrishna , Manu Gupta , Jayashri Bagade , Ratnmala Bhimanpallewar , Priya Shelke , Jagadeesh Bodapati , Govindu Komali , Praveen Mande
As diabetes affects the health of the entire population, it is a chronic disease that is still an important worldwide health issue. Diabetes increases the possibility of long-term complications, such as kidney failure and heart disease. If this disease is discovered early, people may live longer and in better health. In order to detect and prevent particular diseases, machine learning (ML) has become essential. An ensemble approach for detection of diabetes using support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (DT) presents in this paper. In this case, to identify diabetes, two ML techniques are DT and SVM have been combined with an ensemble classifier. They obtain the information, they require from the Public Health Institute’s statistics area. There are 270 records, or instances, in the collection. This dataset includes the following attributes: age, a body mass index (BMI) glucose, and insulin. The development of a system that predictions a patient’s risk of diabetes is the goal of this analysis. Several performance metrics, including F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision, were used to achieve this. From overall results, 96% of precision, 97% of accuracy, 96% of F1-score, and 97% of recall values are the results achieved for the ensemble model (SVM+DT) which is more effective than other individual ML models as DT and SVM.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 689-698
Publish at: 2025-04-01

A hybrid machine learning approach for improved ponzi scheme detection using advanced feature engineering

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp50-58
Fahad Hossain , Mehedi Hasan Shuvo , Jia Uddin
Ponzi schemes deceive investors with promises of high returns, relying on funds from new investors to pay earlier ones, creating a misleading appearance of profitability. These schemes are inherently unsustainable, collapsing when new investments wane, leading to significant financial losses. Many researchers have focused on detecting such schemes, but challenges remain due to their evolving nature. This study proposes a novel hybrid machine-learning approach to enhance Ponzi scheme detection. Initially, we train an XGBoost classifier and extract its features. Meanwhile, we tokenize opcode sequences, train a gated recurrent unit (GRU) model on these sequences, and extract features from the GRU. By concatenating the features from the XGBoost classifier and the GRU, we train a final XGBoost model on this combined feature set. Our methodology, leveraging advanced feature engineering and hybrid modeling, achieves a detection accuracy of 96.57%. This approach demonstrates the efficacy of combining XGBoost and GRU models, along with sophisticated feature engineering, in identifying fraudulent activities in Ethereum smart contracts. The results highlight the potential of this hybrid model to offer more robust and accurate Ponzi scheme detection, addressing the limitations of previous methods.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 50-58
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Learning high-level spectral-spatial features for hyperspectral image classification with insufficient labeled samples

10.11591/ijai.v14.i2.pp1211-1219
Douglas Omwenga Nyabuga , Godfrey Nyariki
Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification research is a hot area, with a mass of new methods being developed to improve performance for specific applications that use spatial and spectral image material. However, the main obstacle for scientists is determining how to identify HSIs effectively. These obstacles include an increased presence of redundant spectral information, high dimensionality in observed data, and limited spatial features in a classification model. To this end, we, therefore, proposed a novel approach for learning high-level spectral-spatial features for HSI classification with insufficient labeled samples. First, we implemented the principal component analysis (PCA) technique to reduce the high dimensionalities experienced. Second, a fusion of 2D and 3D convolutions and DenseNet, a transfer learning network for feature learning of both spatial-spectral pixels. The achieved experimental results are comparatively satisfactory to contrasted approaches on the widely used HSI images, i.e., the University of Pavia and Indian Pines, with an overall classification accuracy of 97.80% and 97.60%, respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1211-1219
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Analysis of VFDPC for three-level neutral point clamped AC-DC converters with capacitor balancing solution

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp63-75
Azziddin Mohamad Razali , Nor Azizah Mohd Yusoff , Syahar Azalia Ab Shukor , Muhammad Hafeez Mohamed Hariri , Auzani Jidin , Tole Sutikno
This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic performance of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) AC-DC converter utilizing the advanced control technique of virtual flux direct power control (VFDPC). VFDPC estimates the three-phase grid voltage and instantaneous active and reactive power components, eliminating the need for an AC input voltage sensor used in conventional direct power control (DPC). This reduction in sensors decreases system complexity and cost while mitigating high-frequency noise and interference. Integrating VFDPC into 3L NPC AC-DC converters significantly enhances overall performance, leading to more efficient and robust power conversion systems. However, a significant challenge in the three-level NPC topology is the voltage imbalance in the neutral point of the DC-link capacitor, which can cause excessive voltage stress on switching devices and degrade system performance. To address this, a novel lookup table has been developed, incorporating strategies to balance the capacitor voltage. The results of this study demonstrate that VFDPC generates nearly sinusoidal line currents with reduced current total harmonic distortion (THD). Additionally, VFDPC ensures unity, lagging, and leading power factor operation, while providing flexibility to adjust the DC-link output voltage and accommodate load variations. These capabilities highlight VFDPC effectiveness in managing power quality and system stability, even under varying load conditions.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 63-75
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Cost-effective IoT-based automated vehicle headlight control system: design and implementation

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp325-333
Momotaz Begum , Nayeem Ullah , Mehedi Hasan Shuvo , Towhidul Islam , Thofazzol Hossen , Jia Uddin
The current world would be difficult without vehicles, which offer vital advantages for social connectivity, mobility, and technical advancement. Though motor vehicles provide benefits to passenger transportation, they also present certain challenges in their use. A major issue is nighttime traffic accidents caused by headlamps from automobiles traveling in reverse directions, that's why there is a high probability of accidents due to the glare on the driver's eyes. The phrase "Troxler effect" refers to an unexpected glare that a motorist recognizes. In this paper, we will provide an optimal solution to this challenge/Troxler effect. The primary objective of this paper is to design an internet of things (IoT)-based smart headlight control model. Our system introduced a cost-effective vehicle’s headlights controlled by light detection. According to this paper, a vehicle’s headlights are automatically rotated down when the sensor detects lights from the opposite direction of the vehicle headlights. We tried to reduce the road accident rate with our proposed system. This type of technology will prove useful in the motor vehicle sector and offer an innovative approach that ensures driver safety as well as increasing economic development.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 325-333
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Innovating household efficiency: the internet of things intelligent drying rack system

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp99-106
Norhalida Othman , Zakiah Mohd Yusoff , Mohamad Fadzli Khamis @ Subari , Nur Amalina Muhamad , Noor Hafizah Khairul Anuar
The intelligent drying rack system (IIDRS) proposes an innovative approach to modernize clothes drying practices using internet of things (IoT) technology. Combining an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ESP8266 for data transmission, and an array of sensors including limit switches, light dependent resistors (LDRs), rain sensors, and temperature/humidity sensors, the IIDRS enables automated control of the drying rack and fan. Its remote accessibility via Blynk apps allows users to conveniently adjust settings and monitor drying progress. By autonomously adjusting drying cycles based on real-time environmental conditions, the IIDRS enhances efficiency and minimizes inconveniences such as wet clothes during rainfall. Moreover, it contributes to sustainable living by optimizing energy consumption through weather-based operation. With its intuitive interface and compatibility with modern lifestyles, the IIDRS represents a significant advancement in smart home solutions, showcasing the transformative potential of IoT technologies in everyday tasks.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 99-106
Publish at: 2025-04-01

An intelligent intrusion detection system to prevent URL redirection attack

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp527-534
Vijaya Shetty Sadanand , Palamaneni Ramesh Naidu , Dileep Reddy Bolla , Jyoti Neeli , Ramya Prakash
In today’s digital age, the widespread use of social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, alongside messaging services such as Email and WhatsApp, has increased the convenience of communication. However, this accessibility has also provided a fertile ground for cybercriminals and spammers to exploit these platforms through URL redirection attacks, which are often used to steal sensitive user information. Existing solutions, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and ensemble methods have been employed to combat such threats. Despite their effectiveness, these approaches struggle to detect emerging types of attacks and suffer from limitations when dealing with imbalanced data, leading to reduced detection performance. To address these challenges, this research introduces an improved extreme gradient boosting (IXGB) algorithm that optimizes the weight adjustments in the model, aiming to enhance the detection of malicious URLs. The proposed method focuses on improving classification accuracy, especially for new or unseen types of attacks. Experimental results on a standard dataset demonstrate that IXGB achieves superior accuracy compared to traditional models, making it a promising approach for enhancing cybersecurity on social media and messaging platforms.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 527-534
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Prediction of international rice production using long short-term memory and machine learning models

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp164-173
Suraj Arya , Anju Anju , Nor Azuana Ramli
Rice, a staple food source globally, is in high demand and production across the world. Its consumption varies in different countries, with each nation having its unique way of incorporating rice into its diet. Recognizing the global nature of rice, its production is a crucial aspect of ensuring its availability, agriculture forecasting, economic stability, and food security. By predicting its production, we can develop a global plan for its production and stock, thereby preventing issues like famine. This paper proposes machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models like linear regression, ridge regression, random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting, decision tree, and long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict international rice production. A total of nine ML and one DL models are trained and tested on the international dataset, which contains the rice production details of 192 countries over the last 62 years. Notably, linear regression and the LSTM algorithm predict rice production with the highest percentage of R-squared (R2 ), 98.40% and 98.19%, respectively. These predictions and the developed models can play a vital role in resolving crop-related international problems, uniting the global agricultural community in a common cause.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 164-173
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Managing cyber resilience literacy for consumers

10.11591/ijict.v14i1.pp122-131
Tatiana Antipova , Simona Riurean
It seems inevitable that digitalization will have a profound and irreversible impact on our lives, and it seems reasonable to suppose that our world will never be the same again. Objectives of this study is to gain insight into consumers’ understanding of cyber security threats and their willingness to enhance their cyber resilience. To achieve this, a survey was conducted using AI tools such as Open ChatGPT, Copilot and PI. The survey was distributed selectively among consumers via Google Form. The results of the survey conducted during the study indicated that the majority of respondents (72%) expressed interest in attending online interactive seminars to gain more knowledge about managing cybersecurity threats. However, respondents with the lowest cyber resilience knowledge did not express the same level of interest. With technology becoming an increasingly important aspect in our everyday lives, it is becoming ever clearer that cybersecurity posture relies on the behavior consumers and organizations. Based on the rule that ‘never trust, always verify’ we designed ‘cybersecurity zero-trust framework model’ for consumers that allows them to protect themselves against cybersecurity threats. In an ever-shifting landscape of cybersecurity, it is important to recognize the value of continuous education as a necessity, not just an option.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 122-131
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Machine learning based stator-winding fault severity detection in induction motors

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp182-192
Partha Mishra , Shubhasish Sarkar , Sandip Saha Chowdhury , Santanu Das
Approximately 35% of all induction motor defects are caused by stator inter-turn faults. In this paper a novel algorithm has been proposed to analyze the three-phase stator current signals captured from the motor while it is in operation. The suggested method seeks to identify stator inter-turn short circuit faults in early stage and take the appropriate action to prevent the motor's condition from getting worse. Three-phase current signals have been captured under healthy and faulty conditions of the motor. Involving discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based decomposition followed by reconstruction using inverse DWT (IDWT), 50 Hz fundamental component has been removed from the captured raw current signals. Subsequently, from each phase current 15 statistical parameters have been retrieved. The statistical parameters include mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, peak-to-peak, root mean square (RMS), energy, crest factor, form factor, impulse factor, and margin factor. At the end, a standard machine learning algorithm namely error correcting output codes-support vector machine (ECOC-SVM) has been employed to classify six different severity of stator winding faults. The proposed fault diagnosis method is load and motor-rating independent.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 182-192
Publish at: 2025-04-01

A review of convolutional neural networks for classifying power quality problems using Keras API

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp1-21
Adamu Sa'idu , Nasiru B. Kadandani , Bala Boyi Bukata
The major causes of electric power quality (PQ) problems are mainly due to the increased utilization of nonlinear loads, capacitor and load switching events, transformer energization, and occurrence of assorted faults at the distribution corridor. The problems often introduce harmonics and other waveform anomalies like voltage sags, voltage swells and interruptions along the power systems. A timely classification of such problems is important in understanding their impact on costly power system economy. The paper explores comprehensive review of PQ issues, operational concept of convolutional neural network (CNN) and its utilization in solving PQ problems. Novel deep learning (DL) approach using variant of DenseNet CNN technique in Keras API platform is deployed to extract the features of, and classify PQ problems. The proposed technique improves classification performance with an accuracy of 99.96%. It shows remarkable improvement over the traditional techniques in the literature which were 73.53% to 99.92% accurate for a period from 2018 to 2023. The most promising part of the method is the improvement shown in the classification performance when compared with that obtained in the literature. The technique can also be applied in real time to cater for real PQ problems.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 1-21
Publish at: 2025-04-01

Machine learning-based intelligent result compilation RPA bot for higher education institutions

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp587-594
Neelam Yadav , Supriya P. Panda
Educators are essential for societal progress, and well-educated students are pivotal for a promising future. Higher education faces challenges such as budget constraints, limited time, and a shortage of trained personnel, leading to faculty stress. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and block chain provide solutions, with robotic process automation (RPA) bots a notable advanced AI subfield-automating repetitive tasks, thereby freeing teachers to focus on more essential responsibilities. RPA bots automate various educational processes, including examinations, admissions, marks updating, student record management, result compilation, human resources, resume screening, and administration. This research examines robotic automation in higher education institutions (HEIs), selecting and prioritizing RPA tasks through a survey involving subject matter experts (SMEs) from different HEIs, including professors and RPA experts. The research aims to develop a “virtual software bot” for automating “result compilation” post-examination. Using tools like XPATH, Whisper, and the web-based automation program Selenium web in Python, the bot automates this process. The ML library “Whisper” addresses the reCAPTCHA problem. The automated bot generates comma separated values (CSV) files in specific formats, completing the task 58 times faster than humans and saving 43 man-hours by compiling results for 653 students in 45 minutes.
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page: 587-594
Publish at: 2025-04-01
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