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29,922 Article Results

Development of an analysis capacity model for high electron mobility transistor AlGaN/GaN

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1261-1269
Azzeddine Farti , Abdelkader Touhami
In this paper, we demonstrate the analytical model developed to characterize the gate-to-drain capacitance Cgd and the gate-to-source capacitance Cgs, and the impact of the gate length on those capacitances, for the high electronic mobility transistor based on GaN. This model is developed from our previous work on the current voltage characteristic (I, V), and small signal parameters for AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The research study examined the impact of parasitic resistances (drain, source), low field mobility, the aluminum amount in the AlGaN barrier, and high-speed saturation. The developed model has matched the experimental data well, confirming the validity, accuracy, and robustness of the model we have developed.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1261-1269
Publish at: 2025-12-01

The role of artificial intelligence in advancing the performance of information retrieval

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1478-1485
Adnan Alrabea , Abdullah Ahmad Alhaj , A. V. Senthil Kumar
The motivation behind applying artificial intelligence (AI) in information retrieval (IR) is that the current methodologies include algorithms designed by researchers, leaving space for the applicability of genetic AI algorithms in IR. While different algorithms designed by developers rely on the originality or performance of the algorithm, precise results are achieved through integrating AI algorithms with traditional algorithms. The proposed methodology introduces document structure weighting with optimized performance. It is enabled by employing genetic algorithm and genetic programming for learning optimal weights in ranking document components. The Croft probabilistic ranking, vector space inner product models, and the BM25 standard were compared with each other after AI integration. Genetic algorithm and genetic programming were applied in the stemming and thesaurus forming processes of these models. Inducing genetic algorithm and genetic programming into the specified models increased the mean average precision of the Croft model and the vector space method by approximately 5% while there were no observable result improvements in BM25. It was found that applying genetic algorithm and genetic programming in learning synonyms and stemming rules, respectively, increased the overall performance of IR models, emphasizing the need for AI in IR.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1478-1485
Publish at: 2025-12-01

AI-driven emotion recognition systems for sustainable mental health care: an engineering perspective

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1111-1117
Akram Ahmad , Vaishali Singh , Kamal Upreti
Emotion recognition systems are transforming human-computer interaction (HCI) applications by enabling AI-driven, adaptive, and responsive mental health interventions. This study explores AI-based emotion recognition technologies using facial expressions, voice analysis, text-based sentiment processing, and physiological signals to develop scalable, real-time mental health support systems. Utilizing datasets such as FER2013, JAFFE, and CK+, our research examines deep learning models, including EfficientNet XGBoost, which achieved over 90% accuracy across key evaluation metrics. Unlike traditional mental health interventions, AI-driven systems provide cost-effective, accessible, and sustainable solutions through telemedicine, wearable biosensors, and virtual counselors. The study also highlights critical challenges such as algorithmic bias, ethical AI compliance, and the energy consumption of deep learning models. By integrating machine learning, cloud-based deployment, and edge computing, this research contributes to the development of sustainable, ethical, and user-centric AI solutions for mental health care. Future directions include AI model optimization for energy-efficient deployments and the creation of diverse, inclusive datasets to improve performance across global populations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1111-1117
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Fuzzy logic-based adaptive PLL switching strategy for voltage control in DVR assisted grid tied PV systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i4.pp2353-2368
R. Srilakshmi , V. Chayapathy
This study aims to enhance power quality in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems by introducing an intelligent fuzzy logic-based adaptive control strategy for dynamic PLL switching in a DVR-supported configuration. A 100-kW grid-tied PV system is modeled with a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL), a conventional synchronous reference frame PLL (CTPLL), and a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). A Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (FIS) performs real-time PLL selection based on phase-wise real-time fault monitoring. The system was tested under symmetrical and asymmetrical 20% sag and swell conditions, evaluating voltage stability at both PCC and load, total harmonic distortion (THD), recovery time, and synchronization accuracy. Results show that the proposed method reduces unnecessary DVR voltage injection from ~50 V to ~5-6 V under healthy conditions, maintains a near-unity power factor (< 0.95), and achieves up to 15% THD reduction in inverter current and PCC currents compared to DPLL-only operation. Recovery times improved by up to 25%, with stable synchronization maintained in all fault cases. The integration of adaptive PLL switching and targeted DVR activation offers a novel, hardware-efficient approach to harmonic suppression, voltage stabilization, and fault resilience in medium-scale PV systems.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 2353-2368
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Influence of potassium bromide phosphor on optical properties of white light-emitting diodes

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1359-1366
Pham Hong Cong , Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan , Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh , Hsiao-Yi Lee
Conventional phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using silicone binders often suffer from yellowing, moisture degradation, and limited spectral tunability, restricting their performance in high-power street lighting. To overcome these limitations, this study aims to develop an advanced LED illumination system integrating a KBr-doped sol-gel/silica phosphor with total internal reflection (TIR) lenses and a reflective housing, encapsulated by an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-coated minilens panel. The sol-gel matrix, synthesized from MTEOS, TEOS, and silica granules, was engineered to achieve uniform KBr particle dispersion, reduced thermal quenching, and improved chromatic stability. The ALD laminate provides an additional moisture and heat barrier, sealing micro-defects and minimizing stress-induced cracking. Optical performance was quantitatively assessed using Monte Carlo beam-tracking simulations under various street configurations, including focal, zigzag, and single-plane pole layouts. Results demonstrated enhanced luminous efficacy, precise glare control, and high uniformity in street illumination. Overall, this integrated sol-gel/ALD LED design effectively addresses the durability and color instability problems of traditional silicone systems, offering a scalable and energy efficient solution for next-generation street lighting.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1359-1366
Publish at: 2025-12-01

AI-integrated pharmacy systems: bridging technology, ethics, and patient care

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1305-1321
Adi El-Dalahmeh , Nevien Nedal , Khulood Abu Maria , Sara Abu Tarboosh
The operation of pharmacy systems undergoes transformation through artificial intelligence (AI), which advances from manual procedures to intelligent adaptive tools. These technologies enhance daily operations through prescription verification, drug interaction alerts, and inventory management while decreasing human mistakes. Through AI, patients gain access to customized medication recommendations, automatic appointment alerts, and virtual support services. The advancement of technology creates multiple new difficulties for healthcare systems. The increasing integration of AI in healthcare creates growing concerns about data privacy alongside algorithmic bias and the requirement for decision-making explanations. This paper evaluates AI systems against conventional pharmacy methods through an assessment of their precision and speed and their impact on patient safety and ethical preparedness. The adoption of AI systems requires strong ethical protections together with defined regulatory frameworks to maintain human clinical decision-making authority in patient care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1305-1321
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Development of a leakage detection and alert system for liquefied petroleum gas via a mobile application

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1099-1110
Wael A. Salah , Anees Abu Sneineh
Nowadays, ensuring the comfort and safety of house users is a top priority, and this may be accomplished by implementing smart technology to lead a convenient and safe life. Leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mostly utilized in the home kitchen for cooking, is one of the frequent risks. Using a gas sensing device, a gas control system, and wireless communication units, the goal of this study is to create an LPG gas leakage warning and management system to prevent the gas from exploding by detecting the leak. When LPG gas is brought near the sensor, it detects the leakage and the buzzer is activated by activating the audio-visual alarm and closing the gas cylinder valve. The system also generates alert messages and sends them to the fire station when the LPG gas leakage has reached a critical level. Testing results of the proposed LPG leakage system show a satisfactory performance of the developed device with a quick response to LPG gas leakage. In addition, powerful audio and visual alarms are activated. An immediate message was sent to homeowners and the fire station department regarding the leakage incident to prevent the risk of gas leakage.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1099-1110
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Reproductive tract infections among geriatric population in a block of West Bengal: knowledge and risk behaviour assessment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24994
Kuntala Ray , Shalini Pattanayak , Somnath Naskar , Mausumi Basu
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among the geriatric population remains neglected, causing increase in morbidity. This study aimed to elicit knowledge, identify risk behaviour for RTIs among the elderly residing in a block of West Bengal, to determine any associations between sociodemographic profile with knowledge and risk behaviour respectively, and to assess any correlation between knowledge and risk behaviour. A community-based study was conducted using multistage sampling, among 158 geriatric residents of a rural block in West Bengal, India for a period of 3 months in 2023. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using an interview schedule. Overall median scores were calculated separately for knowledge and risk behaviour domains. Score < median score was categorized as ‘inadequate knowledge’ and score ≥ median was classified as ‘high risk’ behaviour. Nearly 30% reportedly had ‘inadequate knowledge’ while 77% had ‘high risk’ behavior for RTIs. Higher odds of inadequate knowledge and high-risk behavior were observed among those who were employed and those who availed of any social security scheme(s). Moderately positive correlation was obtained between knowledge and risk behavior.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1675-1685
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Investigating relationships between reading comprehension and oral reading fluency through AI-driven tool reading progress

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1192-1199
Pham Duc Thuan , Pham Thi Tam
This study investigates the relationship between reading comprehension and oral reading fluency components—accuracy and rate—among 113 Vietnamese EFL university students using the AI-powered tool Microsoft Reading Progress. Over 14 weeks, students engaged in weekly oral reading and comprehension tasks using integrated Microsoft Teams features. Fluency metrics (accuracy and rate) and comprehension scores were automatically collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed weak but statistically significant positive correlations between reading comprehension and accuracy (r = .257, p < .01), and between comprehension and rate (r = .289, p < .01), suggesting that improvements in fluency modestly support comprehension. A strong correlation between accuracy and rate (r = .765, p < .01) was also observed. The study highlights the effectiveness of Reading Progress in capturing fluency data and promoting self-paced improvement. However, limitations such as the short duration, localized sample, and constraints of accent recognition in AI-based speech analysis affect the generalizability and validity of results. The findings support the pedagogical integration of AI tools in EFL instruction while calling for future research with larger samples, extended timelines, and diversified digital tools to further validate and expand on these results.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1192-1199
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Clinical dental students' perceptions of difficulties in fixed prosthodontics bridgework denture preparation: a pilot study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24623
Aditya Pratama Sarwono , Khairunnisa Febianti
Preparing abutment teeth for fixed bridgework presents varying challenges to dental students, impacting their training effectiveness and clinical outcomes. Understanding the most difficult stages can help improve educational strategies. This study aims to rank the difficulty of each stage in abutment tooth preparation using student evaluations, identifying the greatest challenges. A quantitative approach was used, analyzing perceptions of 155 clinical dental students from 2021-2023 cohorts at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, through the non-parametric Friedman’s ANOVA Test. Student evaluations covered seven stages of abutment tooth preparation, identifying variability in perceived difficulty from most difficult to easiest. Results indicate the most difficult stage is proximal reduction (mean rank: 3.01), followed by cervical preparation (mean rank: 3.28), and lingual reduction (mean rank: 3.35). The stages with the lowest difficulty are finishing (mean rank: 5.35), followed by alignment of preparation between 2 abutment teeth (mean rank: 4.85), buccal reduction (mean rank: 4.13), and occlusal reduction (mean rank: 4.03). Proximal reduction is particularly difficult due to the need for high technical skills and precision, requiring accurate space estimation and careful reduction without damaging adjacent teeth. This difficulty is compounded by natural variations in tooth shapes and positions among patients. Findings highlight the importance of refining educational strategies to tackle these challenges, enhancing student learning and clinical skills. This research provides crucial data on which stages need greater emphasis in the curriculum, aiding the creation of more efficient and focused training methods.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1730-1737
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Detection of heavy metals concentration in vegetables and analyze the health risks

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26823
Solomon Legesse Gurmu , Fekede Weldekidan Mengistu , Atsedu Yeshwalul Beyene , Bizunesh Ketema , Birhanu Million Tadesse
Heavy metals are elements found in Earth’s crust but introduced into soil and water bodies by human activities. They are not biodegradable, so they persist for a long time in the environment. Heavy metals are incorporated into to human body through the food chain, resulting in various health problems. Akaki Rivers, which are major water sources in Addis Ababa, are contaminated with various wastes, including heavy metals. This research aimed to detect heavy metal concentration in cabbage, potato, tomato, and beetroot irrigated with the Akaki Rivers and evaluate associated health risks. Following the vegetable sample collection, a laboratory-based study was used in sample processing, digestion, and heavy metal detection. Mean concentration (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd (26.11-26.34), Pb (17-33.84) in all samples, and Hg (0.124) in beetroot exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. The HRI of Cd (28.3-140.96), Pd (10.9-27.35), both in adults and children, and Hg (1.727 for children) exceeded the safe limit (<1). The health of adults and children is at risk due to Cd, Pb, and Hg, with children facing approximately 2.5 times higher. Minimization of the release of wastewater into the Akaki Rivers, and dietary diversification should be encouraged, and the health of permanent consumers should be checked.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1849-1856
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Spatial analysis of tuberculosis based on geographic information systems in Sleman district, Special Region Yogyakarta

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26826
Makhrum Irmaningsih , Angga Eko Pramono
The number of tuberculosis cases continues to rise annually, with Sleman Regency recording 2,372 cases in 2024, making it one of the highest in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. This study aims to analyze spatial autocorrelation and spatial relationships of tuberculosis cases in Sleman Regency in 2024 using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied to 1,406 tuberculosis cases across 86 villages. Bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analysis were performed using GeoDa software, while geographically weighted regression (GWR) in R Studio examined local environmental influences. Bivariate LISA results showed no significant spatial autocorrelation for population density, air temperature, air humidity, precipitation, and altitude (p-values: 0.173, 0.265, 0.138, 0.312, and 0.401, respectively). GWR revealed negative correlations between these variables and tuberculosis cases. Findings highlight spatial patterns and inform targeted interventions, recommending enhanced tuberculosis awareness and treatment access in low-density, high-incidence areas, along with public education on ventilation and preventive measures during colder seasons, and strengthened prevention in high-risk lowland villages.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1876-1885
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Optimization of maternal healthcare at the village level in reducing maternal mortality in Bali, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26820
Panca Dwi Prabawa , I Ketut Widnyana , Ni Putu Pandawani , Wayan Maba
Although maternal mortality rates in Bali have declined, the achievement remains below the government’s target, highlighting the need to strengthen the role of villages as the frontline of development. This study aims to identify alternative strategies to accelerate maternal mortality reduction by examining the supply of maternal healthcare services and the demand reflected in women’s utilization of these services at the village level. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to map accessibility across villages and servqual model to evaluate women’s perceptions of maternal healthcare services provided through integrated services post (posyandu) and village health post (Poskesdes), the study reveals significant disparities in accessibility across villages, particularly in Tabanan, Bangli, and Karangasem Regencies. While overall perceptions of healthcare quality are positive, the largest and most significant service quality gaps occur in tangibility and responsiveness. Based on these findings, the study recommends prioritizing villages with limited access to maternal healthcare services by ensuring health coverage for pregnant women from low-income households and guaranteeing the availability of midwives in villages through incentive schemes, while adopting community-based approaches to effectively reach migrant populations and improve their utilization of maternal healthcare services.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1765-1778
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Evaluating cholera vaccine effectiveness in Harare Western District amidst a new outbreak, 2023

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26786
Mary Munashe Mwashita , Innocent Hove , Tsitsi Juru , Farai Josphas Chitiyo , Addmore Chadambuka , Gerald Shambira , Notion Gombe , Gibson Mandozana , Mufuta Tshimanga
Following targeted oral cholera vaccination (OCV) in 2018/2019, cholera cases declined. However, by July 17, 2023, Harare Western district reported 98 cases and 3 deaths. We investigated the outbreak to assess the long-term effectiveness of OCV in Harare Western district. We conducted a 1:2 unmatched case-control study among 46 cases and 92 controls. A case was any resident of Harare Western district with laboratory-confirmed cholera infection between April 22, - July 20, 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were analyzed and multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-OR) x 100). OCV effectiveness was 72o% (95% CI 39-87; p<0.001). The majority of participants were females (52.2%) cases and 51.1% controls. Experiencing a sewage burst [aOR 9.75, 95% CI (2.60 to 36.62)] was an independent risk factor. Handwashing with soap [aOR 0.03,95% CI (0.01 to 0.17)], cholera vaccination [aOR 0.17, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.64)], and having a handwashing facility [aOR 0.04, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.18)] were independent protective factors. A total of 47.2% of boreholes (42/89) and 66.7% of wells (2/3) had excessive coliforms. Cholera strains were largely sensitive to ciprofloxacillin (90%). The outbreak was driven by water, sanitation and hygiene factors. This study provides evidence on long-term effectiveness of two-doses of OCV in an endemic urban setting. Vaccination status relied on participant recall and vaccination cards due to the absence of a central register, and while the study was sufficiently powered to assess the effectiveness of the two-dose regimen, the number of cases limited evaluation of single-dose effectiveness. Implementation of targeted OCV campaigns is recommended.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1635-1646
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Li-Fi technology for automated transport

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1129-1136
Popuri Rajani Kumari , Chalasani Suneetha , Maddali Anil Kumar , Tangirala Mrudula , Anbumani Venkatachalam , Bodapati Venkata Rajanna , Giriprasad Ambati
India is now one of the countries that is growing quickly worldwide. Today, practically for everything, a vehicle is necessary. Vehicle production is growing rapidly. One of the downsides of this enormous increase is the ineffective management of traffic. The well-planned expansion of transport organizations has resulted in a variety of challenges with travel. It is detrimental to both mankind and the economy when emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire engines are late in arriving. Smart transport is the most effective strategy to lower vehicle accidents and communicate with other cars to open a way for emergency vehicles. Here, the preliminary ideas and findings of a small-scale model of an automated transport system are presented using an innovative discovery known as Li-Fi, also known as light-fidelity. Full duplex communication is accomplished with Li-Fi, in which light is modified at speeds that are too rapid for the eye to follow. Li Fi may be used to create intelligent transportation systems since it offers various advantages over other communication protocols.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1129-1136
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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