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s
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C
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E
d
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STE
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Ph
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s
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Facu
lty
o
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Ma
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n
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Scien
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,
Un
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s
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Neg
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Su
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ab
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a
D1
B
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in
g
,
J
l.
Ketin
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6
0
2
3
1
,
Su
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I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
b
in
ar
p
r
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n
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a
c.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
er
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ar
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g
r
an
d
ch
allen
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f
ac
in
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to
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a
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s
s
o
ciety
th
at
ca
l
l
f
o
r
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ick
ac
tio
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esp
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ed
u
ca
tio
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.
Gr
an
d
ch
allen
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in
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u
ca
tio
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av
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b
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f
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u
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d
to
f
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s
ter
d
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p
lear
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n
d
s
tu
d
en
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’
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
s
k
ills
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
in
teg
r
ate
d
tech
n
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(
tech
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lear
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ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ica
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tly
im
p
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o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
ec
h
-
lear
n
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
[
3
]
.
I
n
ter
est
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
h
as
r
ec
en
tly
ad
v
an
ce
d
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
co
p
e
[
4
]
.
AI
ca
n
h
el
p
in
cr
ea
s
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
h
u
m
an
e
r
r
o
r
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
u
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
es
in
cr
itical
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
AI
g
u
id
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
an
d
a
s
s
es
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
t
eg
r
ated
test
[
5
]
.
AI
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
if
y
m
ater
ials
,
clar
if
y
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
ty
p
es
o
f
AI
C
h
atb
o
t te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
s
u
ch
as
Go
o
g
le
B
ar
d
,
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t Bi
n
g
,
an
d
C
h
atGPT
.
C
h
atGPT
u
s
e
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
[
6
]
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
ac
ad
em
ia
with
m
o
d
els
3
an
d
3
.
5
r
elea
s
ed
in
2
0
2
2
an
d
2
0
2
3
[
7
]
.
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
c
o
m
p
le
x
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
lear
n
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
.
C
h
atGPT
is
an
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
s
in
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
also
h
as
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
,
o
n
e
o
f
w
h
ich
is
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
cr
e
d
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
b
tain
e
d
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
o
f
f
er
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
f
ac
e
r
ea
l lif
e
ch
allen
g
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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N:
2252
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8
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f Ch
a
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GP
T res
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in
S
TEA
M e
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(
B
in
a
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r
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r
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h
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)
599
On
an
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
ar
ts
,
an
d
m
ath
(
STE
AM
)
lear
n
in
g
is
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
2
1
s
t
ce
n
t
u
r
y
s
k
ills
lear
n
in
g
[
8
]
.
STE
AM
lear
n
in
g
cr
ea
tes
co
n
tex
tu
al
lear
n
in
g
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
th
at
u
s
es
s
ev
er
al
th
em
atic
-
in
teg
r
ativ
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
[
9
]
.
I
n
STE
A
M,
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
s
tu
d
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ts
to
tack
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d
iv
er
s
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
in
teg
r
ate
id
ea
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
f
in
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Ma
n
y
r
esear
ch
was
elab
o
r
ated
AI
with
STE
AM
lear
n
in
g
[
1
0
]
.
T
s
ai
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
e
x
p
lo
r
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
L
L
Ms
o
r
C
h
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in
ch
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ical
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g
in
ee
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i
n
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ed
u
ca
tio
n
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eir
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o
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lem
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s
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o
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e
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e
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lim
ited
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r
ce
s
r
ep
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ted
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wit
h
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asizes
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e
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ee
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f
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ee
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d
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ath
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atics
(
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ex
p
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to
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f
ec
tiv
ely
u
tili
ze
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
esp
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ially
C
h
at
GPT.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
ig
ital
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
t
o
o
ls
-
AI
-
ca
n
h
elp
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
q
u
ick
ly
s
h
ar
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
m
ater
ial
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
AI
an
d
ST
E
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
two
p
o
i
n
ts
ess
en
tial
in
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
lear
n
in
g
.
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
an
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
s
co
p
e
an
d
is
also
r
elate
d
to
C
h
atGPT
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lie
d
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
co
p
es.
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
ed
u
c
atio
n
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
izin
g
ex
a
m
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
an
d
ass
is
tin
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
g
r
ad
in
g
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
[
1
2
]
.
I
t
ca
n
also
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
teac
h
er
s
'
les
s
o
n
p
lan
s
,
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
,
test
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
an
d
o
n
lin
e
tu
to
r
in
g
b
y
an
al
y
zin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
tim
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
ac
ad
em
ic
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
p
r
e
f
er
e
n
ce
s
[
1
3
]
.
AI
also
o
p
tim
izes
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
lear
n
in
g
a
n
aly
tics
.
I
t
o
r
g
a
n
izes
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
d
esig
n
s
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
ag
es
s
tu
d
en
t
b
ig
d
ata.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
r
e
r
esear
ch
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
C
h
atGPT
's
p
o
ten
tial
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
u
lly
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
ass
is
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
-
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
h
atGPT
is
a
to
o
l
th
at
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
co
d
e
s
n
ip
p
ets
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
in
p
u
t,
o
p
tim
ize
co
d
e
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
l
an
g
u
ag
e
,
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
a
n
d
d
ata
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
an
d
ass
is
t
in
d
eb
u
g
g
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
e
f
f
icien
t
co
d
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
.
I
t
also
ai
d
s
in
co
d
e
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
b
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
an
d
in
co
d
e
r
ev
iew
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
d
ata
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e,
co
d
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
ca
n
h
elp
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
c
o
d
e
q
u
ality
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
A
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
e
n
tify
r
esear
ch
t
r
en
d
s
,
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
,
an
d
n
e
w
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
elate
d
to
C
h
atGPT
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
au
th
o
r
s
u
s
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ics
s
tu
d
y
to
id
en
tifi
es
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics,
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
n
ew
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
p
o
ten
tial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alid
q
u
ality
r
ev
iew
s
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
ata
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
r
ev
iews
th
e
tr
en
d
s
an
d
r
esear
c
h
o
f
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
C
h
atGPT
in
STE
AM
lea
r
n
in
g
wh
ich
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
ea
ch
s
c
o
p
e.
I
n
t
h
e
last
two
y
ea
r
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
u
s
ed
C
h
atGPT
d
u
r
in
g
th
ei
r
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
E
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
C
h
atGPT
in
th
e
clas
s
r
o
o
m
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
lo
o
k
in
g
to
d
esig
n
n
ew
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
ca
n
h
el
p
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
r
esear
c
h
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
th
eir
AI
-
C
h
atGPT
r
elate
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
ten
t.
i)
W
h
at
wer
e
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
w
r
iter
s
,
an
d
r
esear
c
h
tech
n
i
q
u
es
o
f
C
h
atGPT
in
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es?
ii)
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
,
wh
o
wer
e
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
s
am
p
le
s
izes
o
f
C
h
atGPT
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
em
?
iii)
W
h
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
d
id
th
e
le
ad
in
g
STE
AM
f
ield
s
m
ak
e
t
o
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
is
cip
li
n
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
etad
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
S
co
p
u
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
th
e
lar
g
e
s
t
co
llectio
n
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
2
0
4
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
6
5
%
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
less
th
an
3
%
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
in
ar
t
an
d
m
ath
em
atics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
p
u
t
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
o
n
titl
e,
ab
s
tr
ac
t,
an
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
as:
“
T
I
T
L
E
-
AB
S
-
KE
Y
(
ch
atg
p
t)
”
.
Data
wer
e
co
l
lecte
d
with
th
e
n
ewe
s
t
d
ata
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
.
csv
an
d
.
r
is
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
elec
ted
th
e
s
u
b
ject
STE
AM
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
n
ex
p
o
r
ted
d
ata
o
n
ea
c
h
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
co
p
e.
At
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
s
tag
e,
4
4
%
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
h
a
d
a
STE
AM
s
co
p
e
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
3
8
%
o
f
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
etail
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Vo
s
v
iewe
r
u
s
ed
.
r
is
m
etad
ata
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
v
iew
a
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
8
]
,
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Data
in
.
csv
f
o
r
m
at
a
n
d
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t E
x
ce
l is u
s
ed
to
ca
t
eg
o
r
ize
an
d
p
lo
t th
e
d
ata.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
im
p
o
r
tan
t p
o
in
ts
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
n
am
ely
: i)
R
esear
ch
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
y
ea
r
,
r
eg
io
n
,
af
f
iliatio
n
,
an
d
au
t
h
o
r
;
ii)
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
C
h
atGPT
in
clu
d
es
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
am
p
le
s
ize
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
;
an
d
iii)
Ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
to
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
k
ey
w
o
r
d
clu
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
598
-
611
600
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
3
.
1
.
T
he
y
ea
r
-
wis
e
dis
t
ributi
o
n
T
h
e
GPT
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
b
y
Op
en
AI
in
2
0
1
8
[
1
4
]
.
GPT
m
o
d
els
r
elate
d
to
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
GPT
m
o
d
els
is
GPT
-
1
,
wh
ich
is
m
o
d
est
i
n
s
ize.
GPT
-
1
ca
n
class
if
icatio
n
test
,
an
aly
ze
s
en
tim
en
t,
an
d
d
o
tr
an
s
latio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Ne
x
t,
GPT
-
2
h
as
1
,
5
b
il
lio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
r
elea
s
ed
in
2
0
1
9
.
GPT
-
2
ca
n
g
iv
e
b
etter
r
esu
lts
,
g
en
e
r
alize
n
ew
task
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
m
o
r
e
ex
ten
d
ed
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
h
esiv
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
th
an
GP
T
-
1
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
C
h
atb
o
t
-
AI
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
-
o
v
er
th
e
last
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
,
b
u
t
C
h
atGPT
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
2
u
n
til
n
o
w.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
g
en
er
atio
n
was
GPT
-
3
was
lau
n
ch
ed
in
2
0
2
0
wh
ich
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ex
ce
llen
t
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
wr
itin
g
an
d
an
ticip
ates
th
e
wo
r
d
th
at
will
co
m
e
n
e
x
t
in
a
s
tr
in
g
o
f
tex
t
[
4
]
.
GPT
-
3
is
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tab
le
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
th
an
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
o
d
els
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
last
g
en
er
atio
n
is
C
h
at
GPT.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
GPT
-
3
,
C
h
atGPT
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
e
tter
co
n
tex
tu
al
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
lo
g
ical
-
r
ea
lis
tic
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
cr
ea
tio
n
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
co
h
er
en
ce
an
d
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
co
n
v
e
r
s
atio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
8
]
.
C
h
atG
PT
is
a
tex
t
-
b
ased
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
m
o
d
el
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
co
n
tex
t
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
p
r
ec
is
e,
g
r
am
m
atica
lly
co
r
r
ec
t,
an
d
co
h
e
r
en
t r
esp
o
n
s
es
[
2
9
]
.
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
f
ix
s
ev
er
al
task
s
,
lik
e
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
co
n
ten
t.
C
h
atGPT
is
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
an
d
is
u
s
ed
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
3
0
]
.
C
h
atGPT
is
an
Op
en
AI
p
r
o
d
u
ct
with
o
n
e
m
illi
o
n
u
s
er
s
in
f
i
v
e
d
a
y
s
.
C
h
atGPT
h
as
b
ee
n
v
er
y
p
o
p
u
la
r
s
in
ce
its
r
elea
s
e
in
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
2
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Half
o
f
C
h
a
tGPT
r
esear
ch
was
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
co
p
e
with
1
3
3
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
Scien
ce
s
co
p
e
g
ets
s
ec
o
n
d
p
lace
wit
h
3
4
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
B
esid
es,
m
ath
em
atics
an
d
ar
t
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
with
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
au
th
o
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lim
ited
p
u
b
licatio
n
in
th
is
s
u
b
ject.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
ath
e
m
atics
an
d
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
c
o
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
AI
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
last
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
[
1
6
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f Ch
a
t
GP
T res
ea
r
ch
in
S
TEA
M e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
B
in
a
r
K
u
r
n
ia
P
r
a
h
a
n
i
)
601
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
atGPT
r
esear
ch
in
STE
AM
s
u
b
ject
3
.
2
.
Do
cu
m
ent
t
y
pes
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
h
al
f
o
f
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
ty
p
e
in
C
h
atG
PT
r
esear
ch
wer
e
ar
ticle.
E
d
it
o
r
ial
h
as
a
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
t
ty
p
es
in
ea
ch
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
co
p
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
at
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
u
b
lis
h
m
o
r
e
wo
r
k
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
co
p
e
th
an
o
t
h
er
s
ac
r
o
s
s
all
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ed
ito
r
ial
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
C
h
atGPT
in
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
ar
t.
Alm
o
s
t
all
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
ar
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
ex
ce
p
t
m
ath
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
o
n
ly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
jo
u
r
n
als,
wh
ich
is
2
%
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
Mo
s
t
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
jo
u
r
n
als
wh
er
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
o
m
in
ates.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
am
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
a
r
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
p
u
b
licat
io
n
in
c
o
n
f
e
r
en
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
an
d
b
o
o
k
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
an
d
5
(
c
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
f
ield
s
o
f
s
cien
ce
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
tr
a
d
e
jo
u
r
n
al
r
ea
ch
ed
1
:1
:
2
;
th
er
e
was
n
o
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
s
cien
ce
an
d
m
ath
em
atics,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
d
)
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
als
o
d
o
m
in
ate
v
a
r
io
u
s
ty
p
es o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ty
p
es o
f
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ty
p
es o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
(
a)
jo
u
r
n
al,
(
b
)
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
,
(
c)
b
o
o
k
,
(
d
)
tr
a
d
e
jo
u
r
n
al
(
No
te:
lig
h
t b
lu
e
=
s
cien
ce
,
o
r
a
n
g
e
=
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
g
r
e
y
=
en
g
in
e
er
in
g
,
y
ello
w
=
a
r
t,
an
d
d
ar
k
b
l
u
e
=
m
ath
em
atics
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
598
-
611
602
3
.
3
.
T
he
pro
du
ct
iv
e
a
utho
r,
a
f
f
ilia
t
io
n,
a
nd
co
un
t
ry
o
f
C
ha
t
G
P
T
in ST
E
A
M
educa
t
io
n r
esea
rc
h
T
h
e
to
p
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
ev
er
y
ST
E
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
co
p
e
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
d
ia,
C
h
in
a
,
a
n
d
Un
ited
States
ar
e
all
r
esear
ch
-
in
ten
s
i
v
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
m
an
y
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
.
T
o
p
th
r
ee
a
u
th
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
n
in
e
co
u
n
tr
y
wer
e
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
C
h
atGPT
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
.
R
ay
f
r
o
m
Sik
k
u
m
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
I
n
d
ia
h
as
s
ev
en
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
s
cien
ce
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ajo
r
.
C
h
in
a
h
as
elev
en
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
ar
t
m
ajo
r
s
u
ch
as
Ag
ath
o
k
leo
u
s
,
C
h
en
g
,
Gu
,
He,
an
d
Gu
o
.
B
is
was,
L
u
,
W
u
,
an
d
C
ah
an
ar
e
US
-
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
wh
o
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
th
eir
r
esear
ch
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
ath
em
atics
m
ajo
r
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
Ag
ath
o
k
leo
u
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
in
a
a
n
d
L
ee
f
r
o
m
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
C
h
atGPT
-
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
.
B
o
th
p
lay
a
r
o
le
i
n
s
cien
ce
-
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
ar
t
s
co
p
e
h
as f
ew
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
,
th
is
s
co
p
e
h
as Wan
g
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est H
-
in
d
ex
.
C
h
in
a
an
d
th
e
US
h
av
e
th
r
ee
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
th
e
US
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
C
h
in
a
g
ets
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
eir
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
is
q
u
ite
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
u
p
to
f
o
u
r
tim
es.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
p
5
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
C
an
ad
a
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
to
p
a
u
th
o
r
s
.
I
n
d
ia
an
d
th
e
UK
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
c
o
lo
r
ed
lig
h
t
b
lu
e,
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
th
at
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
is
s
till
l
ittl
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
Alm
o
s
t
all
n
o
n
-
co
lo
r
ed
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
E
u
r
o
p
e,
R
u
s
s
ia,
Asi
a,
So
u
th
Am
er
ica,
an
d
Af
r
ica,
m
u
s
t
ex
p
lo
r
e
C
h
atGPT
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
Un
ited
States
d
o
m
in
ates
all
f
ield
s
o
f
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ex
ce
p
t
m
ath
em
atics,
with
th
e
f
ield
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
as
m
an
y
as
1
1
2
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
cie
n
ce
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
y
et
to
b
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
I
n
d
ia,
C
h
in
a,
Au
s
tr
alia,
o
r
o
th
er
to
p
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Pu
b
licatio
n
s
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
m
ath
em
atics,
an
d
ar
t
ar
e
al
s
o
n
o
t
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
Au
s
tr
alia,
C
an
ad
a,
an
d
s
ev
e
r
al
co
u
n
tr
ies.
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
ath
p
u
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.
An
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.
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[
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[
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[
3
6
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[
3
7
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[
7
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Ex
p
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[
3
8
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[
1
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[
3
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C
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4
0
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[
4
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[
4
2
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[
4
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n
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[
4
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[
4
5
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[
4
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t
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t
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R
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v
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w
[
4
7
]
P
a
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a
p
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n
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v
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st
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s
[
4
4
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[
4
8
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[
3
6
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S
t
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t
s
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4
9
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5
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[
4
6
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S
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3
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4
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[
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[
3
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[
5
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[
4
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1
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T
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o
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ter
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[
5
6
]
.
T
h
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5
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u
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AI
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Fig
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is
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s
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es
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M
A
in
tech
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2
4
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o
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)
,
Ma
th
em
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Ph
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ics
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r
in
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co
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e
(
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cs),
an
d
ar
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
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2
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2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
598
-
611
604
h
u
m
an
ities
f
o
r
ar
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
4
d
o
cs).
All
f
ield
s
ar
e
r
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to
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ch
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th
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allo
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f
o
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o
r
e
t
h
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o
n
e
s
u
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in
ea
ch
d
o
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m
en
t.
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h
e
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ce
s
f
ield
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th
e
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atGPT
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ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
e
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lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
esea
r
ch
.
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o
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
is
also
r
elate
d
t
o
h
u
m
an
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
AI
,
co
m
p
u
ter
n
et
wo
r
k
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e.
AI
ca
n
b
e
co
m
b
in
ed
with
I
o
T
to
c
r
ea
te
AI
o
T
,
with
C
h
atGPT
b
ei
n
g
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
AI
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
is
r
el
ated
to
b
io
m
ed
ica
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
;
th
is
is
wh
at
m
ak
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
m
ed
icin
e
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
.
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h
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
a
n
d
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
h
as
m
an
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
4
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
m
o
s
t to
p
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
to
p
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
es
4
a
n
d
5
,
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
u
b
l
is
h
th
eir
ar
ticles
in
jo
u
r
n
al
f
o
r
m
.
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h
er
e
ar
e
1
1
to
p
s
o
u
r
ce
s
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
b
o
o
k
,
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
ce
e
d
in
g
p
a
p
er
s
,
an
d
s
ix
jo
u
r
n
als
in
T
ab
le
4
.
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h
e
to
p
s
u
b
ject
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ea
s
o
f
th
ese
to
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s
o
u
r
ce
s
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e
s
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s
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d
co
m
p
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te
r
s
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ce
,
b
o
t
h
o
f
wh
ich
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
to
p
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
cien
ce
-
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
wid
ely
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
n
atu
r
e
jo
u
r
n
als
with
th
e
Natu
r
e
Pu
b
lis
h
in
g
Gr
o
u
p
in
th
e
UK.
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n
y
UK
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er
s
p
u
b
lis
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ed
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eir
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th
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u
r
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al
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n
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ad
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e
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u
n
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s
in
tech
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lo
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ca
tio
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th
r
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g
h
j
o
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r
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als
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n
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er
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ce
s
,
in
clu
d
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e
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n
als
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f
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io
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ed
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n
g
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ee
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with
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er
Sp
r
in
g
er
in
th
e
Neth
er
lan
d
s
(
1
8
d
o
cs).
T
h
i
s
jo
u
r
n
al
also
p
u
b
lis
h
es
1
7
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
-
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
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o
cu
m
e
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ts
.
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h
e
US,
as
th
e
to
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co
u
n
tr
y
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n
tr
ib
u
ted
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lis
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ed
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
in
tech
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o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
ar
t
STE
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
an
ad
a
h
as
th
e
p
u
b
lis
h
er
J
MI
R
,
wh
i
ch
co
n
tain
s
ar
ticles
ab
o
u
t te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
ath
em
atics ST
E
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
T
ab
le
4
.
T
o
p
s
o
u
r
ce
N
a
me
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
Ty
p
e
s
To
p
s
u
b
j
e
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r
e
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TP
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a
t
u
r
e
Jo
u
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l
M
12
8
3
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n
n
a
l
s
o
f
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i
o
me
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c
a
l
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g
i
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e
r
i
n
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E
3
18
17
2
Li
b
r
a
r
y
H
i
T
e
c
h
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e
w
s
CS
9
JM
I
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e
d
i
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Ed
u
SC
7
1
Le
c
t
u
r
e
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o
t
e
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
e
B
o
o
k
CS
6
C
EU
R
W
o
r
k
sh
o
p
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
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o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
r
CS
4
2
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
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u
r
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a
l
SC
5
I
Ti
C
S
E
C
o
n
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e
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n
c
e
p
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p
e
r
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A
C
M
I
n
t
e
r
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o
n
f
.
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
S
e
r
i
e
s
CS
2
1
C
H
I
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
CS
2
Ed
u
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
.
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
SC
2
N
o
t
e
:
CS
=
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
sc
i
e
n
c
e
;
S
C
=
S
o
c
i
a
l
sc
i
e
n
c
e
;
M
=
M
u
l
t
i
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
;
E
=
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
3
.
6
.
T
o
p c
it
ed
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ent
s
a
n
d v
is
ua
liza
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n o
f
co
-
o
cc
urre
nce
k
ey
wo
rds
o
f
Cha
t
G
P
T
i
n ST
E
A
M
T
ab
le
5
co
n
tain
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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n
to
p
citatio
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s
o
f
a
r
ticle
ab
o
u
t
C
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in
ea
ch
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ield
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n
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u
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.
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v
en
th
o
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g
h
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ch
o
n
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ew
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s
s
ed
b
y
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ch
er
s
,
m
an
y
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ticles
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av
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
1
0
0
cit
atio
n
s
.
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m
e
o
f
th
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d
o
cu
m
en
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p
u
b
licatio
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ar
e
s
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r
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ter
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iews,
o
r
liter
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r
e
s
tu
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ies.
All
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
will
also
b
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
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th
e
1
s
t
to
2
n
d
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
2
0
2
3
.
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I
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d
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e
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ield
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ac
h
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d
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m
a
n
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ar
e
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te
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[
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9
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2
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3
Nu
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claim
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at
C
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T
h
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p
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o
ject
b
y
C
ar
d
en
as
et
a
l
.
[
6
1
]
o
f
f
er
s
AI
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
STE
AM
ch
allen
g
es,
s
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
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co
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m
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lear
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ty
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d
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ata
is
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ter
ed
[
6
2
]
,
[
6
3
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
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lear
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ca
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ec
ts
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
d
ep
th
o
f
STE
AM
co
n
ce
p
t
[
6
4
]
.
W
h
ile
C
h
atGPT
is
b
en
ef
icial
i
n
lear
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in
g
a
p
p
licatio
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s
,
it
also
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aises
is
s
u
es
with
o
v
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s
im
p
lific
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n
,
eth
ical
u
s
ag
e,
s
tu
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e
n
ts
’
ass
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m
en
t,
an
d
s
tu
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cie
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tific
ter
m
in
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r
STE
AM
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ca
tio
n
.
Ma
n
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d
en
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f
ac
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d
if
f
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lties
with
s
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m
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T
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in
tr
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ctio
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d
s
im
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to
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ay
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t
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ass
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es,
im
p
air
in
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
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ce
s
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
p
o
in
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in
C
h
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,
s
u
ch
as
n
atu
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g
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ag
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s
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,
C
h
atb
o
t,
an
d
m
ac
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in
e
lear
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in
g
[
6
5
]
.
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t
m
ak
es
v
ir
tu
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l
in
ter
ac
tio
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s
y
,
s
o
s
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d
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n
ts
g
et
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
[
6
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esp
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n
s
es
an
d
f
ee
l
less
th
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l
[
3
6
]
.
A
b
ala
n
ce
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
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cc
ess
f
u
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
en
h
an
c
in
g
h
u
m
a
n
s
u
p
er
v
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d
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g
ag
em
e
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t.
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d
u
ca
to
r
s
h
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e
t
o
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p
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r
e
C
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atGPT
an
d
teac
h
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s
tu
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en
ts
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
it.
Fig
u
r
e
8
v
is
u
aliz
es
h
o
w
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ar
e
co
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n
ec
ted
.
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in
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etwe
en
k
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s
in
tech
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g
in
ee
r
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g
r
esear
ch
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s
am
e
p
atter
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d
a
r
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m
o
r
e
n
u
m
er
o
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s
th
an
o
th
e
r
s
co
p
es.
T
h
e
s
am
e
p
atter
n
o
cc
u
r
s
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th
e
s
co
p
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ar
t
an
d
m
ath
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atics,
wh
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s
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o
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m
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e
r
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is
n
ee
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ed
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n
th
is
s
co
p
e.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
h
atGPT
in
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
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ess
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Su
g
g
est
teac
h
in
g
AI
eth
ics
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
em
in
ar
s
,
s
elf
-
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
an
d
FGD,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
AI
in
m
e
d
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
Sán
ch
ez
-
R
u
iz
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
ex
p
lo
r
es h
o
w
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t stu
d
en
ts
’
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
’
L
ian
g
et
a
l
.
[
3
8
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
s
cien
ce
p
r
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b
lem
s
b
y
ex
p
lain
in
g
f
o
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
r
eso
lv
in
g
s
o
m
e
s
cien
ce
co
m
p
u
tatio
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is
s
u
es.
Ho
wev
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,
h
ig
h
f
ailu
r
e
r
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ca
u
s
ed
b
y
C
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'
s
d
if
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icu
lty
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n
v
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ti
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f
ig
u
r
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in
to
wo
r
d
s
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d
tab
le
-
b
ased
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
I
t
o
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ly
p
r
o
v
id
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s
atis
f
ac
to
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y
q
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s
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s
o
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s
wr
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g
[
6
7
]
.
I
t
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
d
u
ct
p
r
ac
tical
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
o
r
tak
e
t
h
e
r
o
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
598
-
611
606
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
b
u
t
it
ca
n
an
s
wer
n
u
m
er
ical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
g
iv
e
d
etailed
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
.
W
h
en
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
r
ef
lectiv
e
ex
er
cises
,
it c
o
u
ld
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
wr
itin
g
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
a
n
d
8
(
c)
,
r
esear
ch
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
is
m
ain
ly
o
f
th
e
R
n
D
an
d
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
ty
p
e,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tice,
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
a
n
d
p
r
a
ctice
u
s
e
co
d
e.
B
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
alize
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
C
h
atGPT
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
u
m
an
lan
g
u
ag
e
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
f
twar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
6
8
]
.
So
,
C
h
at
GPT
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
h
elp
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
s
in
g
en
er
atin
g
c
o
d
e
[
6
9
]
.
B
u
t
to
av
o
id
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
u
s
e
th
at
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
a
d
etr
im
en
tal
ef
f
e
ct
o
n
lear
n
in
g
,
it
is
cr
itical
to
m
o
d
if
y
cu
r
r
icu
la
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
s
h
if
tin
g
en
g
i
n
e
er
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
o
f
f
er
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
h
atGPT
g
iv
es
n
ew
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
o
we
m
u
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
ess
en
tial
s
k
ills
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
[
7
]
.
C
h
atGPT
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
b
e
an
in
v
al
u
ab
le
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
wan
t
to
lear
n
h
o
w
to
s
o
lv
e
co
d
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
d
if
f
er
en
tl
y
an
d
g
et
p
ast
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
o
b
s
tacle
s
[
7
0
]
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ca
n
cr
ea
te
c
o
d
in
g
t
ask
s
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ch
ea
tin
g
wh
ile
r
etain
in
g
th
eir
v
alid
ity
as
ev
alu
atio
n
to
o
ls
b
y
b
ein
g
awa
r
e
o
f
th
eir
lim
its
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
im
p
le
m
en
tin
g
C
h
atGPT
in
ar
ts
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
co
m
p
u
ter
g
a
m
es,
d
ig
ital
d
ev
ices,
g
am
es
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
a
l
to
o
ls
,
cu
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e,
t
h
ea
ter
,
an
d
elem
en
tar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
A
I
C
h
atGPT
ca
n
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
to
s
cr
ee
n
m
ed
ia
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
d
iv
er
s
ity
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
is
s
u
es
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
C
h
at
GPT
in
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ar
t
p
r
o
jects
en
h
a
n
ce
s
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
p
r
o
m
o
tes
a
cr
ea
tiv
e
m
in
d
s
et,
e
n
h
an
ce
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ili
ty
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
ity
f
o
r
m
ed
ia
ar
ts
co
u
r
s
es,
an
d
em
p
h
asizes
ae
s
th
etic
ju
d
g
m
en
t,
cr
itical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
[
4
3
]
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
Min
ec
r
af
t
i
n
th
ea
tr
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
en
r
ic
h
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cu
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
en
co
u
r
a
g
es
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
ex
p
er
ien
ti
al
lear
n
in
g
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
ese
g
am
e
s
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
em
s
elv
es,
u
n
leash
im
ag
in
atio
n
,
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
i
s
to
r
y
.
Gam
e
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
is
a
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
a
b
ilit
ies,
o
p
tim
ize
lear
n
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
ch
an
g
e,
an
d
s
o
cialize
[
7
1
]
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
v
is
u
al
m
ed
ia
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
ess
en
tial
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
at
h
er
th
an
s
u
p
e
r
f
icial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Gen
-
AI
'
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
cr
ee
n
m
e
d
ia
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
ar
ts
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
as
it
en
h
an
ce
s
co
n
te
n
t
g
en
er
atio
n
,
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
ae
s
th
etic
tast
e,
an
d
cr
itical
v
is
u
al
liter
ac
y
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
Gen
-
AI
in
to
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
'
id
ea
tio
n
'
s
e
s
s
io
n
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
ea
tiv
e
in
ten
tio
n
s
.
Ma
n
y
C
h
atGPT
r
esear
ch
o
n
m
ath
em
atics
s
u
b
jects
u
s
e
GP
T
s
er
ies
3
an
d
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
e)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
C
h
at
GPT
in
m
ath
em
atics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
av
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
k
ey
wo
r
d
with
ass
ess
m
en
t.
C
h
at
G
PT
4
n
ee
d
s
h
elp
with
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
an
d
in
f
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
C
h
atGPT
is
g
o
o
d
in
ar
ith
m
etic
an
d
alg
eb
r
aic
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
b
u
t
s
tr
u
g
g
les
with
lo
n
g
er
q
u
er
ies.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
e
q
u
ati
o
n
s
,
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata,
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
all
af
f
ec
t
C
h
atGPT
'
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
,
b
u
t
it
s
h
o
u
ld
g
et
b
etter
at
tack
lin
g
ch
allen
g
in
g
m
ath
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
4
6
]
,
[
7
2
]
.
I
t
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
u
n
an
s
wer
ed
q
u
es
tio
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
s
clea
r
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
cu
r
ate,
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
d
esp
ite
its
u
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
ca
l
cu
latio
n
s
.
I
m
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
C
h
at
GPT
d
u
r
in
g
m
at
h
-
co
m
p
u
ter
s
c
ien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
[
7
3
]
,
[
7
4
]
.
Desp
ite
th
eir
u
p
b
ea
t
b
en
ef
its
,
C
h
atGPT
h
as
s
ev
er
a
l
lim
itatio
n
s
f
o
r
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
r
ad
i
o
lo
g
y
,
m
ed
ici
n
e,
an
d
n
u
clea
r
m
ed
icin
e
[
7
5
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
s
o
C
h
atGPT
is
n
o
t th
e
s
o
le
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
.
(
a)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f Ch
a
t
GP
T res
ea
r
ch
in
S
TEA
M e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
B
in
a
r
K
u
r
n
ia
P
r
a
h
a
n
i
)
607
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
in
(
a)
s
cien
ce
,
(
b
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
(
c)
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
(
d
)
ar
t,
a
n
d
(
e)
m
ath
em
atics e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.