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I
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D
UCT
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N
T
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n
o
lo
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ad
v
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s
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tak
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if
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s
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m
an
ag
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u
lf
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n
ctio
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s
th
at
s
u
r
p
ass
h
u
m
an
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
c
h
an
g
e
d
t
h
e
way
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an
liv
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n
d
ac
ts
b
u
t
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av
e
also
g
r
ea
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
e
way
we
ed
u
ca
te.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
s
ec
to
r
,
esp
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u
n
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s
ity
in
s
titu
tio
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s
,
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a
war
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o
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th
e
s
o
cial
d
em
an
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
g
e
n
er
a
tio
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o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
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m
o
d
els
ca
p
ab
le
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s
atis
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em
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o
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tu
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d
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s
eq
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en
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s
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ciety
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Face
d
with
t
h
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th
eir
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esp
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s
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m
u
s
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to
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ed
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d
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an
d
th
ey
h
av
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
ally
s
er
v
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d
[
1
]
.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
h
ig
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lig
h
t h
o
w
th
e
d
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s
f
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x
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C
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-
1
9
p
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m
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p
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A
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t
f
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ially
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au
s
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d
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d
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in
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w
tech
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th
at
is
alm
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s
t
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
a
v
o
id
[
2
]
.
R
ef
lectin
g
o
n
its
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
v
o
lv
es
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
at
th
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
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b
r
i
n
g
s
with
it
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s
et
o
f
ac
tio
n
s
in
wh
ich
n
ew
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
all
ar
ea
s
o
f
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
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p
tim
ize
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
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v
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t
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r
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th
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f
tech
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[
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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J
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v
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&
R
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,
Vo
l
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14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
67
1
-
681
672
Am
id
th
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tech
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AI
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[
4
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–
[
6
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as
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er
s
i
ty
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
is
n
o
t
r
ec
en
t,
h
o
wev
e
r
,
it
co
n
tin
u
es
to
b
e
an
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
p
ic
to
a
n
aly
ze
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
es f
ac
e
d
h
av
e
n
o
t b
ee
n
ea
s
y
to
o
v
er
co
m
e.
T
h
e
Un
ited
Natio
n
s
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al,
Scien
tific
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
al
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
UNE
SC
O
)
[
7
]
s
tat
e
d
th
at
AI
cu
r
r
en
tly
f
ac
es
d
if
f
icu
lt
ch
all
en
g
es
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
le
v
e
l;
h
o
wev
er
,
its
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
in
th
is
s
ec
to
r
will
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
ev
elo
p
q
u
ite
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
I
t
also
s
tr
ess
e
s
th
at
r
ap
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
,
as
h
as
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
AI
,
i
n
ev
itab
ly
in
v
o
lv
e
i
n
n
u
m
er
ab
le
r
is
k
s
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
licies
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
b
y
w
h
ich
Me
m
b
e
r
States
ar
e
g
o
v
er
n
ed
m
u
s
t
o
v
er
co
m
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
em
.
T
h
e
d
eb
ates
h
av
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
t
ak
en
p
lace
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
UNE
S
C
O
o
r
in
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
es
en
t
in
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
atio
n
s
b
u
t
also
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
th
em
s
elv
es.
I
n
th
is
ar
ea
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
am
o
n
g
in
tellectu
als
an
d
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
s
in
ce
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
d
o
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
AI
an
d
its
a
p
p
licab
ilit
y
;
in
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
ew
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
m
ak
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
in
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
ar
ea
[
8
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
ese
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
,
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
an
g
es
u
r
g
e
n
tly
r
eq
u
ir
e
cu
r
r
icu
lar
ad
ap
tatio
n
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
la;
s
u
c
h
ad
ap
tatio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es th
at
AI
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
ea
ch
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
f
ield
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
ee
tin
g
o
f
AI
a
n
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
will
b
e
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
tellig
en
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ies,
t
o
o
ls
,
ex
p
er
tis
e,
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
A
I
n
ee
d
to
b
e
a
d
o
p
te
d
m
o
r
e
b
r
o
ad
l
y
a
t
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
lev
el
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
“
ap
p
licab
le
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
s
k
ills
to
ap
p
ly
th
eir
d
is
cip
lin
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
an
ev
en
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t
”
[
1
1
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
ly
,
AI
was
s
ee
n
as
an
elem
e
n
t
o
f
f
ict
io
n
,
an
u
n
attain
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
c
o
u
ld
o
n
l
y
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
m
o
v
ies
o
r
in
s
cien
tif
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
d
izzy
in
g
s
o
cial
ch
an
g
es
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
o
v
er
tim
e
h
av
e
ch
an
g
ed
t
h
is
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
to
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
it
in
t
o
s
o
m
eth
in
g
m
o
r
e
tan
g
ib
le
a
n
d
n
ec
ess
ar
y
[
1
2
]
.
Hen
ce
,
its
im
p
ac
t
is
ev
i
d
en
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
s
o
ciety
a
n
d
i
n
all
i
ts
s
ec
to
r
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
S
ev
er
al
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
at
th
e
teac
h
in
g
-
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
e
o
p
tim
ized
,
s
in
ce
“
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
is
n
o
t
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
it
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
er
e
lear
n
in
g
g
o
es
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
im
p
le
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
”
[
6
]
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
is
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
a
m
atter
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
n
ew
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
b
u
t
also
im
p
lies
th
eir
ev
o
lu
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
tan
t
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
b
o
th
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
g
o
b
ey
o
n
d
t
h
e
m
er
e
f
ac
t
o
f
ac
q
u
ir
i
n
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
AI
as
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
to
o
l
with
g
r
ea
t
p
o
ten
tial
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
o
n
wh
ich
it
is
b
ased
f
av
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
in
ter
ests
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
p
r
em
is
e,
it
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
h
av
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
th
eir
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
n
th
e
d
i
g
ital
liter
ac
y
o
f
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ag
en
ts
,
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
ab
le
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies in
s
ch
o
o
l e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
th
is
to
h
ap
p
en
,
a
cu
r
r
icu
lar
ch
an
g
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
p
r
ev
ails
.
Ac
h
iev
in
g
th
is
g
o
al
will
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
allo
ws
ch
an
g
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
m
ater
ial,
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
to
o
f
f
er
o
p
tim
al
an
d
e
x
p
er
ien
tial le
ar
n
in
g
[
1
6
]
.
Dis
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
ef
er
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
h
av
e
ce
r
tain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
ar
e
co
m
p
letely
n
ew
a
n
d
t
h
at
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ally
war
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
[
4
]
.
At
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
l
ev
el,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lies
a
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
,
s
in
ce
it
cr
ea
tes
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
ts
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
th
at
f
av
o
r
a
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
,
co
llab
o
r
ati
o
n
,
th
in
k
in
g
,
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
lear
n
in
g
to
o
ls
,
an
d
o
p
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
o
f
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
tu
d
en
t
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ie
s
u
s
ed
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
a
t
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le:
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
,
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
AI
.
T
h
ese
allo
w
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
r
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
f
e
r
ed
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
[
1
7
]
.
AI
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
m
u
c
h
to
o
f
f
er
,
es
p
ec
ially
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
o
v
in
g
to
war
d
s
d
ig
ital
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
,
an
d
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ig
ita
l
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
to
b
e
n
ea
r
,
it h
as n
o
t y
et
h
a
p
p
en
e
d
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
m
id
s
t
o
f
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
,
AI
is
ex
p
an
d
in
g
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
at
an
ac
ce
ler
ated
p
ac
e,
h
o
wev
er
,
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
i
n
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
q
u
ite
s
ca
r
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
in
a
r
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
m
ath
em
atics
[
6
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Similar
ly
,
r
ec
e
n
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
h
av
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dis
r
u
p
tive
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
th
e
u
n
ivers
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m:
u
s
e
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l …
(
E
n
ma
S
o
fía
R
ee
v
es Hu
a
p
a
ya
)
673
s
h
o
wn
th
at
AI
liter
ac
y
is
n
eit
h
er
eq
u
al
n
o
r
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
ter
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
is
q
u
ite
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
to
m
e
n
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
with
th
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
to
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
h
elp
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
g
o
al
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
AI
in
t
o
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
a
n
d
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
in
te
r
n
atio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
UNE
SC
O,
wh
ich
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
at
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
will
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
cu
r
r
icu
la
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
B
eiji
n
g
C
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
u
r
g
es
States
to
tak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
A
I
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lear
n
in
g
,
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
;
clar
if
y
in
g
th
at
h
u
m
an
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
r
ele
g
ated
o
r
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
m
ac
h
in
es
[
7
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es h
u
m
an
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
,
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
teac
h
er
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
th
e
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
Ar
tific
ial
I
n
tellig
en
ce
in
to
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
an
d
W
e
b
o
f
Scien
ce
s
(
W
o
S
)
d
atab
ases
.
I
ts
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
,
esp
ec
ially
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
cu
r
r
en
tly
f
ac
ed
b
y
AI
in
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
as
a
to
o
l
th
at
f
av
o
r
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ci
en
tific
elem
en
t
an
aly
ze
d
s
in
ce
it
co
n
s
titu
tes
an
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic
d
u
e
t
o
its
co
n
s
tan
t
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
at
b
o
th
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
s
o
cial
lev
els.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
:
i)
Ho
w
h
as
th
e
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
o
f
AI
as
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ev
o
lv
e
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
y
ea
r
,
lan
g
u
ag
e
,
au
th
o
r
s
,
jo
u
r
n
als,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
?
ii)
W
h
at
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
wo
r
l
d
o
n
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
la?
iii)
W
h
at
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esear
c
h
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
ates in
AI
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
?
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
last
y
ea
r
s
,
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it is
es
s
en
tial to
k
n
o
w
th
e
m
o
s
t r
ec
en
t stu
d
ies,
as we
ll a
s
th
ei
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
e
its
lim
itatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
AI
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
la
will
h
elp
to
s
y
n
th
esi
ze
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
g
en
e
r
ated
in
th
is
f
ield
[
1
8
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
with
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ile
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
AI
u
s
ed
as
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
.
T
h
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
PR
I
SMA
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
is
r
ep
o
r
t
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ar
ticl
es
wer
e
tak
en
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
r
ev
iew
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
wid
ely
en
d
o
r
s
ed
an
d
a
d
o
p
ted
as
a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
[
2
0
]
.
Sy
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
v
er
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
o
l
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ass
ess
an
d
ev
alu
ate
a
ce
r
tain
b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
h
as
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
v
o
lv
ed
,
t
h
e
a
r
ea
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
o
r
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
t
h
ese
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
is
ev
id
en
ce
d
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t th
at
u
s
e
t
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
2
1
]
.
Usi
n
g
th
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
will
h
elp
to
id
e
n
tify
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
an
al
y
ze
p
r
ev
io
u
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
is
t
o
p
ic,
as
well
as
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
t
h
at
AI
f
ac
es
in
th
is
f
ield
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el.
An
s
wer
in
g
th
e
r
esear
c
h
q
u
es
tio
n
s
p
o
s
ed
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
atab
ases
wo
r
ld
wid
e:
W
o
S
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
.
T
h
ey
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
b
o
th
g
ath
er
a
v
as
t
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
th
at
m
ee
t
s
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
q
u
ality
cr
iter
ia
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
ta
k
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
titl
e,
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
; th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
y
ield
ed
a
to
tal
o
f
1
,
8
0
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
u
p
to
Au
g
u
s
t 1
7
th
,
2
0
2
3
,
b
asically
,
all
o
f
th
ese
wer
e
ar
ticles.
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
ese
1
,
8
0
0
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
;
th
e
g
en
er
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
ex
ec
u
ted
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
th
u
s
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
an
d
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
o
n
es.
Als
o
,
th
e
f
in
al
s
e
ar
ch
s
tr
in
g
was
T
I
T
L
E
-
AB
S
-
KE
Y
(
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
OR
Dis
r
u
p
tiv
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
)
AND
T
I
T
L
E
-
AB
S
-
KE
Y
(
"u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
"
OR
"
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
"
OR
"
Dis
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
"
)
AND
PUB
Y
E
AR
<
2
0
2
3
AND
PU
B
YE
AR
>
2
0
1
5
AND
(
LIMIT
-
T
O
(
DOCTYPE
,
"a
r
"
)
OR
L
I
MI
T
-
T
O
(
DOCTYPE
,
"r
e"
)
)
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
n
etwo
r
k
was
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
a
m
ap
u
s
in
g
VO
Sv
iewe
r
s
o
f
twar
e.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
at
th
eir
titl
es,
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
,
an
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
h
a
d
th
e
te
r
m
s
“
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
”
,
“u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
”,
an
d
/o
r
“d
is
r
u
p
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2
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c
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.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
67
1
-
681
676
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W
o
r
k
-
B
a
se
d
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
[
3
3
]
2
0
2
0
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
(
A
I
)
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
i
n
b
u
s
i
n
e
ss s
c
h
o
o
l
:
a
t
e
x
t
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
I
mag
i
n
g
a
n
d
R
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
[
3
4
]
2
0
2
1
A
n
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
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n
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i
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l
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s
a
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Jo
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I
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t
e
l
l
i
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e
n
t
&
F
u
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y
S
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st
e
m
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[
3
5
]
2
0
2
0
P
r
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q
u
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
67
1
-
681
678
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
f
e
r
ed
b
y
AI
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ield
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
,
au
to
m
ated
ev
alu
atio
n
,
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
etec
ted
in
tim
e
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lev
el,
it
b
ec
am
e
ev
id
en
t
th
at
AI
f
ac
es
g
r
ea
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
b
u
t
also
ch
allen
g
es,
wh
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
n
ew
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
th
at
allo
ws
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
th
e
to
o
ls
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
n
ew
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
eir
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
AI
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
as
a
p
iece
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
its
p
o
ten
tial
h
as
alwa
y
s
b
ee
n
l
ab
eled
as
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
h
as
allo
wed
AI
-
b
ased
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
to
g
en
er
ate
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
ad
v
an
ce
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
tea
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
AI
ar
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
s
tu
d
y
at
th
eir
o
wn
p
ac
e
u
s
in
g
AI
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
y
ca
n
lear
n
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
a
p
r
e
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
ch
ed
u
le
.
F
in
ally
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it is
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
s
er
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t w
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
th
e
teac
h
er
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
wo
r
ld
w
id
e
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
s
p
ec
ial
in
ter
est
in
AI
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
.
U
n
iv
er
s
ities
ar
e
r
ap
id
l
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
W
u
et
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
th
at
AI
wo
u
ld
s
er
v
e
as
a
co
m
p
lem
en
t
an
d
n
o
t
as
a
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
f
o
r
h
u
m
an
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
wo
u
ld
r
esu
lt in
an
u
n
s
u
r
p
ass
ed
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
talen
ts
.
Similar
ly
,
an
d
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
AI
at
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
lev
el
in
L
atin
Am
er
ica
h
as
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
:
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
elin
g
,
in
tellig
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
,
ass
i
s
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
au
t
o
m
atic
co
n
ten
t,
an
d
im
ag
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
b
o
t
h
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
v
ir
t
u
al
an
d
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
an
d
v
o
ice
ass
is
tan
ts
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
cu
r
r
icu
lar
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
to
id
en
tify
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ar
ea
s
o
f
u
s
e
f
o
r
AI
,
as we
ll a
s
co
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
with
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
au
to
m
ati
c
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
n
ee
d
s
a
c
u
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
th
at
f
o
r
m
ally
in
teg
r
ates
AI
in
to
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
o
f
ea
ch
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
th
at
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
c
u
r
r
i
cu
lar
ac
tiv
ities
in
wh
ich
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
lear
n
t
o
c
ar
r
y
o
u
t
AI
p
r
o
jects
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
ar
ea
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
[
3
9
]
–
[
4
1
]
.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
wh
ich
AI
co
u
ld
b
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ef
u
l,
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
a
n
d
,
f
in
ally
,
to
estab
lis
h
wh
at
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
in
ten
d
s
to
d
o
b
y
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
AI
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
As
we
h
av
e
s
ee
n
,
th
e
a
p
p
licat
io
n
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
q
u
it
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
,
as
it
in
cl
u
d
es,
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
th
in
g
s
,
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
.
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
I
t
is
also
e
s
s
en
tial
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
th
at
AI
ca
n
b
r
in
g
to
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
d
i
alo
g
u
e
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
AI
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
ass
u
r
ed
,
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
th
a
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
wo
r
ld
w
id
e.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
u
c
h
in
teg
r
atio
n
m
u
s
t
g
o
h
an
d
in
h
an
d
with
th
e
teac
h
in
g
wo
r
k
,
to
estab
lis
h
a
h
u
m
an
-
m
ac
h
in
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
to
tality
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
to
b
en
ef
it
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
u
p
d
atin
g
o
f
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
s
taf
f
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
id
ac
ti
c
s
tr
ateg
ies,
f
o
r
wh
ich
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
to
h
a
v
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
to
o
ls
as
a
way
to
awa
k
en
in
ter
est
d
u
r
i
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
I
t
also
b
ec
am
e
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
r
ev
iewe
d
th
at
lar
g
e
an
d
s
m
all
co
m
p
an
ies
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
s
in
g
AI
to
d
r
iv
e
an
ev
er
-
ch
an
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
y
;
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
is
,
th
ey
r
e
q
u
ir
e
AI
-
tr
ain
ed
wo
r
k
e
r
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
[
4
2
]
–
[
4
4
]
I
n
m
an
y
ca
s
es,
th
is
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
talen
t
c
o
m
es
f
r
o
m
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
o
r
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
b
u
t
th
eir
tr
ai
n
in
g
is
v
er
y
lim
ited
.
T
h
is
r
ea
lity
r
e
q
u
ir
es
co
n
cr
ete
ac
tio
n
s
to
m
ee
t
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
a
ch
an
g
in
g
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
,
tr
ain
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
cip
lin
es wh
o
ar
e
also
co
m
p
eten
t in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
in
th
eir
d
is
cip
lin
e
[
4
5
]
–
[
4
7
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
is
r
ev
iew
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
AI
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atics
i
n
th
e
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
ese
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
h
ases
r
eq
u
i
r
e
ad
o
p
tin
g
n
o
v
el
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
p
r
ep
a
r
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
u
s
e
em
e
r
g
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
im
u
lato
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ield
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
ar
e
co
s
tly
to
m
ain
tain
,
s
o
a
m
o
r
e
v
iab
le
o
p
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
v
i
r
tu
al
p
atien
ts
,
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
.
T
h
i
s
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
p
o
ten
tial
ly
im
p
r
o
v
es c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
in
s
o
ciety
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
well
-
p
r
e
p
ar
e
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
with
u
p
d
ated
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
m
u
s
t
b
e
f
u
lf
illed
b
y
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
e
cto
r
s
in
ce
it
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
is
d
em
an
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
o
m
p
lete
an
d
u
p
d
ated
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
wh
i
ch
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
es
a
to
tal
r
ewo
r
k
i
n
g
as
well
as
th
e
p
o
licies
th
at
r
e
g
u
late
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
f
ield
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
e
is
a
willin
g
n
ess
to
u
s
e
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
co
u
n
tr
y
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
th
at
is
tr
u
l
y
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
is
k
i
n
d
o
f
au
t
o
m
at
io
n
[
4
8
]
,
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
is
r
ea
lity
is
k
n
o
wn
b
y
r
ec
to
r
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
a
ctiv
atin
g
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licies
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el,
wh
ich
is
wh
y
g
r
ea
t e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
b
ein
g
m
a
d
e
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t th
es
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
cu
r
r
icu
la
wo
r
ld
wid
e
[
5
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
r
ev
iew
th
e
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
ela
ted
to
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
to
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
an
d
W
o
S
d
atab
ases
.
T
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
e
v
id
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
d
o
c
u
m
en
ta
r
y
)
an
d
a
s
er
ies
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dis
r
u
p
tive
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
th
e
u
n
ivers
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m:
u
s
e
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l …
(
E
n
ma
S
o
fía
R
ee
v
es Hu
a
p
a
ya
)
679
an
aly
tical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
tar
y
n
atu
r
e
a
n
d
it
s
an
aly
s
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
its
r
elev
an
ce
to
an
s
wer
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
p
o
s
ed
.
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
AI
as
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
io
d
2
0
1
5
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
ar
ticles
r
ev
iewe
d
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
a
r
ea
l
i
n
ter
est
o
n
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
h
elp
th
e
co
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ield
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lev
el.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
w
h
ich
f
av
o
r
s
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
f
o
r
AI
as
a
d
i
s
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
;
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
at
it
m
ad
e
it
s
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
to
d
is
p
lace
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
at,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
h
ad
ex
ce
llen
t
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
p
ast,
h
as b
ee
n
r
eleg
ated
b
y
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
tly
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
w
o
r
ld
wid
e.
A
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
ield
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t,
as
it
allo
ws
th
e
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
2
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
is
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
a
n
y
o
f
th
ese
p
ap
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
1
o
n
war
d
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
b
o
o
m
in
r
esear
ch
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
n
ew
r
ea
lity
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
wo
r
ld
wid
e
d
u
e
t
o
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
an
d
wh
ic
h
led
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
to
m
a
k
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
to
o
ls
,
esp
ec
ially
at
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
lev
el.
Usi
n
g
AI
f
a
v
o
r
s
th
e
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
with
t
h
e
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
ea
c
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
t;
h
o
wev
er
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at,
ju
s
t
as
th
er
e
ar
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
in
its
u
s
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
also
d
ef
icien
cies
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
to
o
l.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
u
r
g
en
tly
n
e
ed
s
a
r
ap
id
r
ev
iew
o
f
wh
at
is
tau
g
h
t
an
d
h
o
w
it
is
p
r
esen
ted
;
th
is
is
with
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
t
h
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
I
n
v
iew
o
f
th
is
an
d
f
ac
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
p
o
s
ed
b
y
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
g
en
er
ated
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
em
to
r
ed
ef
in
e
ev
er
y
th
in
g
th
ey
o
f
f
er
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
ch
a
n
g
in
g
th
e
way
th
ey
d
eliv
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
t
en
t,
in
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
eir
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es in
g
en
e
r
al
h
av
e
to
b
e
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
tu
d
ied
,
wh
ich
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
u
s
tain
ed
g
r
o
wth
,
with
s
p
ec
ial
in
cid
en
ce
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
1
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
ev
er
y
th
in
g
r
elate
d
to
th
is
to
p
i
c
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
it
s
p
r
esen
ce
in
th
e
s
cien
tific
liter
atu
r
e
s
in
ce
AI
an
d
its
s
o
cia
l
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
en
ce
ar
e
in
f
u
ll
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ca
n
f
o
cu
s
o
n
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
es
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
asp
ec
ts
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
to
p
ic
s
in
ce
th
e
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
ity
th
at
ch
ar
ac
ter
izes
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
th
eir
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t in
d
if
f
er
en
t b
r
an
c
h
es o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
r
e
o
f
u
tm
o
s
t im
p
o
r
tan
ce
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
P
.
A
.
D
í
a
z
G
u
i
l
l
e
n
,
Y
.
A
n
d
r
a
d
e
A
r
a
n
g
o
,
A
.
M
.
H
i
n
c
a
p
i
é
Z
u
l
e
t
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
.
U
r
i
b
e
U
r
a
n
,
“
A
n
á
l
i
si
s
d
e
l
p
r
o
c
e
so
met
o
d
o
l
ó
g
i
c
o
e
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
s
d
e
e
d
u
c
a
c
i
ó
n
su
p
e
r
i
o
r
e
n
mo
d
a
l
i
d
a
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
,”
(
i
n
S
p
a
n
i
sh
)
,
R
e
v
i
st
a
d
e
E
d
u
c
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