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:
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)
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n
stru
c
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a
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a
n
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tea
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rs
;
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n
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m
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v
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ti
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t.
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w
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d
s
:
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d
u
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tio
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lead
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s
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ip
E
m
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c
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m
itm
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I
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tr
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lead
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ip
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co
m
m
itm
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Sch
o
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ip
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m
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itm
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h
is i
s
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n
o
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n
a
c
c
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ss
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rticle
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n
d
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r th
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CC B
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
o
nd
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A
uth
o
r
:
Ab
d
u
l H
alim
B
u
s
ar
i
Facu
lty
o
f
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
Scien
ce
s
an
d
Hu
m
an
Dev
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p
m
en
t,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti Ma
lay
s
ia
Sar
awa
k
9
4
3
0
0
Ko
ta
Sam
ar
ah
a
n
,
Sar
a
wak
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail:
b
h
alim
@
u
n
im
as.m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
d
is
cip
lin
es
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
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al
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
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d
u
ca
tio
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,
t
h
e
im
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ac
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f
in
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tr
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co
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to
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at
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ec
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lo
t
o
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atten
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n
.
Ma
n
y
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esear
ch
i
n
v
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g
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s
h
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o
k
ed
in
to
th
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r
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ip
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etwe
en
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a
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izatio
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m
m
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ip
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w
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ip
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ltu
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es,
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d
o
t
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er
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ac
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s
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m
m
itted
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
to
th
eir
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
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t
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
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p
s
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o
lo
g
ical
attac
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m
e
n
t
an
d
th
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s
en
s
e
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f
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lo
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f
ee
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to
war
d
s
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a
n
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g
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co
m
m
itm
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a
d
is
p
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s
itio
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a
m
o
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g
in
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iv
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d
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als
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ain
tain
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ip
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o
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u
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d
v
an
tag
es
f
r
o
m
its
v
alu
es
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es
[
2
]
.
I
t
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
le
s
,
o
r
g
an
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n
al
cu
ltu
r
e,
an
d
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
v
alu
es.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
tu
r
n
o
v
er
r
ates
ar
e
n
o
ta
b
ly
im
p
ac
tf
u
l o
n
s
tu
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en
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,
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ter
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co
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m
itm
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ar
am
o
u
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W
ith
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n
th
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d
is
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p
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I
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&
R
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2252
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8
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2
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199
Halli
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r
a
n
d
Hec
k
[
3
]
e
m
p
h
asi
ze
t
h
a
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
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ac
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a
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n
d
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i
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is
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r
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a
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lt
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w
h
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ch
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r
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p
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d
o
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a
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iz
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o
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a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
o
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
D
ewi
[
4
]
u
n
d
e
r
t
o
o
k
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
lit
er
at
u
r
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s
tu
d
y
t
o
a
n
a
ly
s
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n
s
t
r
u
cti
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a
l
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s
h
i
p
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i
q
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es
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s
ch
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o
ls
,
em
p
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ce
o
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in
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tr
u
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lea
d
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i
p
in
m
a
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a
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n
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h
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ca
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n
s
e
ct
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r
.
Pr
a
s
ty
o
a
n
d
H
id
a
y
at
[
5
]
d
is
c
o
v
e
r
ed
t
h
a
t
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
lea
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
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ce
s
o
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a
n
i
za
t
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al
c
o
m
m
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n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
s
a
tis
f
ac
t
io
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a
m
o
n
g
lec
tu
r
er
s
.
T
h
is
e
m
p
h
as
iz
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h
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wid
er
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
i
n
s
t
r
u
cti
o
n
al
l
ea
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
at
is
f
ac
ti
o
n
o
f
ac
a
d
em
i
c
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el,
s
o
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
n
g
to
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
in
s
id
e
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
c
e
o
f
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
n
al
lea
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
in
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ci
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
iz
ati
o
n
a
l
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
its
im
p
a
ct
o
n
a
ca
d
e
m
i
c
o
u
tc
o
m
es
.
T
h
e
p
ast
s
tu
d
y
also
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
th
at,
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
le,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
le
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t.
T
h
is
r
ev
ea
ls
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
id
eo
lo
g
ies
af
f
ec
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
way
s
,
with
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
h
a
v
in
g
a
b
ig
g
er
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
a
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Dewi
[
4
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
o
n
teac
h
er
s
’
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
p
lay
s
a
m
e
d
iatin
g
r
o
le
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
f
ac
to
r
s
.
ex
am
in
e
d
h
o
w
teac
h
er
s
’
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
co
m
m
itm
en
t
wer
e
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ac
ts
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
es
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
illu
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
wo
r
k
c
u
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
cy
n
icis
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
m
o
d
er
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
c
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t
d
is
co
v
er
ed
th
at
p
r
in
cip
als
’
v
ir
tu
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
i
p
p
r
ac
tices
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
teac
h
e
r
s
’
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
m
a
y
b
e
d
i
r
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
le.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
b
e
n
ef
icial
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
r
in
ci
p
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
T
h
is
im
p
ac
t
is
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
cr
ea
s
ed
teac
h
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
en
h
an
ce
s
teac
h
er
s
'
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
im
p
li
es
th
at
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
h
as
a
d
i
r
ec
t
im
p
a
ct
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
an
d
also
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
it
b
y
af
f
ec
tin
g
teac
h
er
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
b
o
d
y
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
to
i
n
clu
d
e
s
h
ap
in
g
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
t
h
at
n
u
r
tu
r
es
t
h
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
u
n
it
y
ess
en
tial f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
ce
ll
en
ce
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
is
q
u
ite
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
I
t
also
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
asid
e
f
r
o
m
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
c
ar
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ju
s
tice
also
f
ea
tu
r
e
in
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
is
d
ed
icate
d
to
r
ev
iewin
g
av
ailab
le
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
r
ev
iew
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
esen
t
a
c
lear
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
im
p
a
cts
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t.
B
y
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
r
elev
an
t
s
tu
d
ies,
th
is
r
ev
ie
w
s
ee
k
s
to
d
ee
p
en
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
h
o
w
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lea
d
er
s
h
i
p
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
in
g
to
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ase
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic.
T
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
(
PR
I
SMA
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
elp
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
in
d
,
s
elec
t,
an
d
co
m
b
in
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
is
s
u
e.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
PR
I
SMA
-
b
ased
r
esear
ch
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
r
esid
es
in
th
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
an
d
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
u
tili
ze
d
to
c
o
llect,
ev
alu
ate,
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
t
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies.
Usi
n
g
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
o
p
es
to
g
iv
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
e
g
ap
s
f
o
u
n
d
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
cle
ar
p
ath
f
o
r
war
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
f
ield
.
“Wh
at
is
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
?”
is
th
e
o
v
er
ar
ch
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
th
at
g
u
id
es
th
is
r
ev
iew.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
h
elp
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
aim
in
g
to
elev
at
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
wr
itin
g
th
is
r
ev
iew,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
f
o
ll
o
wed
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
PR
I
SMA.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
m
ay
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
at
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
ca
lib
er
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
PR
I
SMA
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
allo
ws
th
em
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
[
1
0
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Me
n
g
is
t
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
cr
ea
tin
g
ar
ticles
u
s
in
g
th
e
PR
I
SMA
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
:
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
elig
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
clu
s
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
PR
I
SMA
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
th
at
p
r
io
r
itizes
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
r
ep
e
atab
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
tails
d
ev
is
in
g
a
p
r
o
to
co
l,
estab
lis
h
in
g
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
elig
ib
ilit
y
,
d
o
in
g
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
r
elev
a
n
t
s
tu
d
ies,
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
d
ata,
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
r
i
s
k
o
f
b
ias,
co
m
b
in
in
g
d
ata,
a
n
d
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
o
r
m
a
t.
B
y
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
PR
I
SMA
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ically
s
o
u
n
d
,
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
t,
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
te
m
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
a
n
aly
s
es,
u
ltima
tely
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
ev
i
d
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ce
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ased
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n
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m
a
k
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g
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ac
ad
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ic
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o
m
ain
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
1
98
-
206
200
2
.
1
.
I
dentif
ica
t
io
n
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
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o
f
s
elec
tin
g
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ev
er
al
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tin
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t
p
ap
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s
f
o
r
t
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is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
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r
ee
m
ain
s
ta
g
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o
f
th
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s
y
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tem
atic
r
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r
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ce
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s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
in
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s
tag
e
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t
h
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p
r
o
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s
s
is
to
id
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tify
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o
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r
k
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ter
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esau
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u
s
,
en
cy
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p
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d
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r
e
v
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s
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ch
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Fo
r
th
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ases
,
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p
u
s
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R
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C
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an
d
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eb
o
f
Sc
ien
ce
(
W
o
S)
s
ea
r
ch
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tr
in
g
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
o
n
ce
all
p
er
tin
en
t
p
h
r
ases
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e
f
o
u
n
d
.
W
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Sco
p
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s
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d
E
R
I
C
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o
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en
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ases
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cti
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s
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v
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d
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co
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e
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en
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iv
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d
a
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th
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r
itativ
e
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e
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s
ch
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lar
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u
b
licatio
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d
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e
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d
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p
ee
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p
ap
e
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h
ig
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ata
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ality
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Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
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Sco
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s
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p
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PR
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wh
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cien
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s
[
1
3
]
.
E
R
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C
,
o
n
th
e
o
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h
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d
,
is
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s
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ticu
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ield
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tio
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tial
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o
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atio
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u
p
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t
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wo
r
k
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in
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
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n
tex
ts
[
1
4
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
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ase
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atic
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1
1
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1
.
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Dat
ab
ase
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rch
st
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co
p
u
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S
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K
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Y
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(
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ND
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U
B
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>
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0
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D
P
UB
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2
4
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L
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D
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l
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p
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(
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p
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A
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9
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r
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e
(
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)
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g
l
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h
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n
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e
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2
.
2
.
Scre
ening
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
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d
y
c
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n
s
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ted
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f
th
e
r
ejec
tio
n
o
f
1
5
p
ap
er
s
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
e
x
c
lu
s
io
n
an
d
in
clu
s
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n
cr
iter
ia
th
at
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e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
as
p
r
esen
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n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
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e
th
e
m
ajo
r
cr
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r
in
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ec
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s
e
o
f
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s
ig
n
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ce
as
th
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p
r
im
ar
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s
o
u
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ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
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n
th
at
is
ap
p
licab
le
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ea
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wo
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ld
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itu
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s
.
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h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
p
ec
if
ically
ex
clu
d
e
d
ce
r
tain
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
f
o
r
m
s
,
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clu
d
in
g
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o
o
k
s
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b
o
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k
s
er
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ch
ap
ter
s
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g
e
n
er
al
r
e
v
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ews,
m
eta
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aly
s
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m
eta
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s
y
n
th
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s
y
s
tem
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r
ev
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co
n
f
er
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r
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s
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r
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s
.
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d
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n
ally
,
th
e
r
ev
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f
o
cu
s
ed
s
o
lel
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r
ticles
wr
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in
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n
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h
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p
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ated
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s
e
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ast
15
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r
s
(
2
0
0
9
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0
2
3
)
,
d
u
r
i
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g
wh
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t
im
e
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to
tal
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f
1
5
a
r
ticles
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e
elim
in
ated
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ased
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n
s
p
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ic
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h
e
f
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g
s
tag
e
in
v
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lv
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e
m
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s
r
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o
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al
o
f
12
d
u
p
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icate
p
ap
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s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Sear
ch
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
ia
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
n
I
n
c
l
u
s
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o
n
Ex
c
l
u
si
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n
La
n
g
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a
g
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l
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sh
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n
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n
g
l
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sh
Ti
me
l
i
n
e
2
0
0
9
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2
0
2
3
<
2
0
0
9
Li
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
t
y
p
e
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
(
a
r
t
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c
l
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)
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o
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k
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p
r
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t
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F
i
n
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l
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n
p
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ss
2
.
3
.
E
lig
ibi
lity
A
to
tal
o
f
1
0
1
a
r
ticles
h
av
e
b
ee
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cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
e
elig
i
b
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p
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ase,
wh
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is
th
e
th
ir
d
s
tep
.
E
ac
h
ar
ticle's
titl
e
an
d
m
ain
b
o
d
y
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e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
ex
am
in
e
d
at
th
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s
tag
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
ey
m
et
th
e
in
clu
s
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n
cr
iter
ia
an
d
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
g
o
als
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
As
a
r
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lt,
6
8
r
ep
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ts
wer
e
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
s
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ce
th
ey
d
id
n
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t
co
n
tain
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tin
e
n
t
ar
e
a
ar
ticles
s
u
p
p
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ted
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p
ir
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d
ata.
As
a
r
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lt,
a
to
tal
o
f
3
3
p
a
p
er
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
bs
t
ra
ct
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
m
ix
ed
,
q
u
alitativ
e,
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
s
wer
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
in
teg
r
ativ
e
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aly
s
is
.
T
o
cr
ea
te
th
em
es
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
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c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
a
n
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
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s
h
i
p
,
th
e
wr
iter
s
ex
am
in
e
d
3
3
s
tu
d
ies.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
a
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
3
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
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s
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ip
a
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14
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1
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Feb
r
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20
25
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1
98
-
206
202
T
ab
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4
.
A
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n
s
h
i
p
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
c
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s' m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
mm
i
t
men
t
3
B
e
n
o
l
i
e
l
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
S
c
h
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s'
sy
s
t
e
ms
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
a
n
t
e
c
e
d
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
4
H
u
l
p
i
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
Th
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
sc
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
f
r
o
m
a
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s'
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
:
e
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
so
u
r
c
e
o
f
t
h
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l
e
a
d
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r
sh
i
p
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
5
D
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
8
]
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
a
u
t
o
n
o
my
g
a
p
i
n
p
e
r
so
n
n
e
l
p
o
l
i
c
y
,
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
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n
d
t
e
a
c
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e
r
s'
s
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l
f
-
e
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f
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c
a
c
y
o
n
t
h
e
i
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
6
K
i
r
k
i
ç
a
n
d
B
a
l
c
i
[
2
9
]
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
mi
t
me
n
t
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
p
r
e
sc
h
o
o
l
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s a
n
d
a
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
o
r
s'
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
st
y
l
e
s
7
B
e
r
k
o
v
i
c
h
[
3
0
]
Ef
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
-
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
g
e
n
d
e
r
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
y
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
's t
r
u
st
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
8
F
o
r
d
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
l
e
a
d
e
r
su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
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p
sy
c
h
o
l
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g
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c
a
l
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e
e
d
s
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
b
u
r
n
o
u
t
,
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
n
t
t
o
l
e
a
v
e
9
Q
a
d
e
r
a
n
d
B
e
n
o
l
i
e
l
[
3
2
]
Th
e
i
mp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
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l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
st
y
l
e
s
o
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t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s'
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
I
sr
a
e
l
i
A
r
a
b
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
i
n
o
r
i
t
y
10
A
y
d
i
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s'
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
st
y
l
e
s
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s'
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
11
A
mza
t
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
P
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
s
t
y
l
e
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
me
d
i
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
w
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l
b
e
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n
g
i
n
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sl
a
m
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c
S
c
h
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s
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n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
12
N
o
b
i
l
e
a
n
d
B
i
l
g
i
n
[
3
5
]
A
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
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n
f
l
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e
n
c
e
s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
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sa
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
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o
n
o
n
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
sa
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
st
a
f
f
13
C
i
l
e
k
[
3
6
]
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
i
sa
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
:
a
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
14
Tr
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
7
]
Ef
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s’
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
st
y
l
e
s
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
i
n
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
15
S
u
k
a
r
mi
n
a
n
d
S
i
n
[
3
8
]
S
c
h
o
o
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
s
t
h
e
me
d
i
a
t
o
r
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
:
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
n
t
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f
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p
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c
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n
a
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d
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s
h
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p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
16
B
e
n
o
l
i
e
l
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
S
c
h
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s’
s
y
s
t
e
ms
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
:
a
n
t
e
c
e
d
e
n
t
s a
n
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
17
A
w
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
9
]
Th
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
:
a
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
n
e
-
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
c
a
se
st
u
d
y
18
Li
u
a
n
d
W
e
r
b
l
o
w
[
4
0
]
Th
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
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m
mi
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me
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sat
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sf
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f
p
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c
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p
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l
s
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
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s
:
a
mu
l
t
i
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l
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v
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mo
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a
n
d
met
a
-
a
n
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s
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si
n
g
t
h
e
2
0
1
3
TA
LI
S
d
a
t
a
19
B
e
r
k
o
v
i
c
h
a
n
d
E
y
a
l
[
2
5
]
Emo
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
f
r
a
m
i
n
g
a
s
a
me
d
i
a
t
o
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f
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
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o
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
t
i
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n
a
l
s
c
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
mm
i
t
men
t
T
ab
le
5
.
A
s
im
p
lifie
d
tab
le
o
f
s
tu
d
ies in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
(
th
em
e
3
: le
a
d
er
s
h
ip
in
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
)
No
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
Ti
t
l
e
1
S
c
o
t
t
a
n
d
D
i
x
o
n
[
4
1
]
P
a
r
t
n
e
r
s i
n
a
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
st
u
d
e
n
t
-
f
o
c
u
se
d
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
2
N
u
r
h
u
d
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
2
]
R
e
t
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
f
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s res
e
a
r
c
h
o
f
sch
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
i
n
A
s
i
a
(
2
0
1
8
–
2
0
2
2
)
:
a
sc
i
e
n
t
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
3
Al
-
M
a
h
d
y
[
4
3
]
‘
M
u
c
h
a
d
o
a
b
o
u
t
s
o
m
e
t
h
i
n
g
’
h
o
w
sc
h
o
o
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s a
f
f
e
c
t
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
s i
n
c
l
u
si
v
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
O
man
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
to
in
v
esti
g
ate,
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
e
s
ig
n
,
h
o
w
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
is
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
u
n
d
er
p
r
in
cip
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
av
e
in
d
icate
d
a
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
th
e
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
th
at
lead
er
s
p
lay
in
estab
lis
h
in
g
an
d
n
u
r
tu
r
in
g
th
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
'
d
ed
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
y
ield
ed
t
h
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
th
e
m
es: lea
d
er
s
h
ip
in
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l le
ad
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
les,
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
teac
h
er
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
E
ac
h
th
em
e
ad
d
s
s
o
m
et
h
in
g
u
n
iq
u
e
to
o
u
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
h
o
w
c
o
m
p
l
icate
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
i
p
is
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
th
at
f
o
llo
ws
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
awin
g
o
f
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
.
4
.
1
.
T
hem
e
1
:
ins
t
ruct
io
na
l le
a
dersh
ip a
nd
t
ea
cher
o
utc
o
m
es
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
e
d
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
th
at
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
la
y
s
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
teac
h
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an
d
im
p
r
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ch
o
o
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p
er
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o
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m
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ac
r
o
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o
f
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
A
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
T
aiwa
n
an
d
teac
h
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
in
J
ap
an
,
with
cu
ltu
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
lead
er
s
h
i
p
s
ty
les
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
in
I
r
an
ian
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
th
e
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
an
d
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
i
p
o
f
teac
h
er
s
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
s
d
ed
icatio
n
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
ef
f
icac
y
.
Qad
ac
h
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
J
ewish
an
d
Ar
ab
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
I
s
r
ae
l.
Kilag
an
d
Sas
an
[
4
6
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
co
m
m
itte
d
wo
r
k
er
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
ten
t
at
wo
r
k
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
m
o
r
e
wh
en
t
h
ey
h
a
v
e
s
tr
o
n
g
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
.
R
o
d
u
lf
a
[
4
7
]
d
is
co
v
er
ed
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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8
8
2
2
I
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
l le
a
d
ers
h
ip
a
s
a
c
a
ta
lyst
fo
r
o
r
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a
n
iz
a
tio
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a
l c
o
mmitmen
t:
in
s
ig
h
ts
fr
o
m
…
(
C
a
mme
llia
Oth
ma
n
)
203
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l le
v
el
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
d
ed
icatio
n
a
n
d
co
llectiv
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
with
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
im
p
ac
t
o
n
teac
h
er
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
af
f
ec
ts
teac
h
er
s
'
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
wh
ich
i
n
tu
r
n
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
a
ca
d
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
ess
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l p
r
in
ci
p
als also
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
teac
h
er
s
'
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
.
C
u
s
to
m
ized
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
es
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
c
u
s
to
m
ized
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
tak
e
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
co
n
te
x
tu
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
an
d
em
p
h
asize
th
e
r
o
le
th
at
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
p
lay
s
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
teac
h
er
o
u
tco
m
es a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l su
cc
ess
.
4
.
2
.
T
hem
e
2
:
o
r
g
a
niza
t
io
na
l c
o
mm
it
m
ent
a
nd
s
cho
o
l le
a
dersh
i
p sty
les
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
titl
ed
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
les
ex
a
m
in
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
r
in
ci
p
a
ls
'
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ies
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ce
r
tain
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
les,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
th
at
ar
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e,
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
an
d
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
am
o
n
g
s
t
af
f
m
em
b
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
h
as
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
o
w
lead
er
s
h
ip
tr
ain
i
n
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
o
r
asp
ir
in
g
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
cip
als
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Pre
m
p
eh
a
n
d
K
im
[
4
8
]
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
p
r
in
cip
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
h
as
a
m
o
d
er
ate
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
teac
h
e
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
s
c
h
o
o
l
lead
er
s
h
i
p
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
teac
h
e
r
s
'
af
f
ec
tiv
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
m
o
tiv
atio
n
ar
e
m
ed
iated
b
y
em
o
tio
n
al
r
ef
r
am
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
em
o
tio
n
al
r
ef
r
am
in
g
an
d
s
elf
-
m
o
tiv
atio
n
m
ay
h
a
v
e
a
n
in
d
ir
ec
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
lin
k
b
etwe
en
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
a
n
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
[
4
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
a
t
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
h
as
a
b
e
n
ef
icial
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t.
I
t
w
o
r
k
s
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
in
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
i
p
an
d
th
ese
o
u
tco
m
es
[
5
0
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
q
u
ality
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
in
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
team
,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
e
co
g
n
ized
as
in
f
l
u
en
tial
ele
m
en
ts
in
teac
h
er
s
'
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
[
5
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ies
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
als
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
th
e
well
-
b
ein
g
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ian
teac
h
er
s
an
d
ac
t
as
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iato
r
in
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
'
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
a
n
d
th
ei
r
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
i
es
[
5
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
it
is
to
lo
o
k
at
h
o
w
lead
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
Fo
r
a
f
u
ll
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ch
o
o
l
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
ty
p
es
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t is
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
h
as m
a
n
y
lay
e
r
s
.
4
.
3
.
T
hem
e
3
:
lea
dersh
ip in
div
er
s
e
educa
t
io
na
l c
o
nte
x
t
s
T
h
e
to
p
ic
“
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
in
d
i
v
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
ts
”
illu
s
t
r
ates
th
e
cr
itical
n
atu
r
e
o
f
co
n
t
ex
tu
al
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
to
p
ic
is
r
elev
an
t
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
ata
th
at
em
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
is
o
n
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wh
en
it
is
co
n
tex
tu
al
an
d
ap
p
licab
le
.
A
lead
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
b
le
to
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
r
ea
liti
es
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
to
wh
ich
th
e
y
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
I
t
e
m
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
in
ci
p
als
to
b
e
awa
r
e
o
f
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al,
s
o
cial,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
iv
er
s
i
ty
with
in
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
n
v
ar
ied
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
is
ess
en
tial
to
b
r
in
g
in
g
ab
o
u
t
b
en
ef
icial
c
h
an
g
es
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Stro
n
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
s
,
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
h
ip
r
esear
ch
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
.
W
ith
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
s
er
v
es
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
p
r
in
cip
al
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
s
ty
les
an
d
teac
h
er
s
'
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
in
clu
s
iv
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
5
5
]
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
lead
er
s
h
ip
is
v
it
al
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
it
[
5
6
]
,
[
5
7
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
lead
er
s
h
i
p
in
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
teac
h
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
les
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
5
8
]
,
[
5
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
it
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
h
as
ca
lled
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
en
t
r
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
h
o
w
it
in
ter
f
ac
es
wi
th
a
cr
ea
tiv
e,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
6
0
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
es
u
lts
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
is
h
av
in
g
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
n
u
r
tu
r
i
n
g
o
f
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
lea
r
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
lead
er
s
h
i
p
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ies
an
d
attitu
d
e
r
ef
lect
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
y
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
its
elf
an
d
to
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
o
n
clu
s
iv
ely
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ad
v
an
ce
s
o
u
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
w
p
r
in
cip
le
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
af
f
ec
ts
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t.
I
t
em
p
h
asize
s
th
e
v
ar
ied
ch
ar
ac
ter
o
f
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
as
well
a
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
i
n
cip
als
b
ein
g
a
d
ap
tab
le,
cu
ltu
r
ally
s
en
s
itiv
e,
an
d
co
m
m
itted
to
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
teac
h
er
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licy
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
aim
ed
at
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
1
98
-
206
204
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
r
atef
u
lly
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k
n
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e
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e
f
in
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s
u
p
p
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t
f
r
o
m
th
e
Min
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tr
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ca
tio
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KPM.
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.
7
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0
-
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(
3
)
)
.
W
e
also
ex
ten
d
o
u
r
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
Un
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er
s
iti
Ma
lay
s
ia
Sar
awa
k
(
UNI
MA
S)
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ies f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
:
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
’
s
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
L
e
a
r
n
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n
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e
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c
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t
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p
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1
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.
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0
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.
[
2
]
R
.
M
.
S
t
e
e
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s
,
“
A
n
t
e
c
e
d
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t
s
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t
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t
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n
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o
mm
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t
me
n
t
,
”
Ad
m
i
n
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st
r
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t
i
v
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c
i
e
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c
e
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u
a
rt
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rl
y
,
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o
l
.
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2
,
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o
.
1
,
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p
.
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–
5
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,
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a
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9
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o
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:
1
0
.
2
3
0
7
/
2
3
9
1
7
4
5
.
[
3
]
P
.
H
a
l
l
i
n
g
e
r
a
n
d
R
.
H
.
H
e
c
k
,
“
Le
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
:
d
o
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s
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
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t
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v
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l
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a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
ma
k
e
a
d
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f
f
e
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e
n
c
e
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
i
mp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
?
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
A
d
m
i
n
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st
ra
t
i
o
n
&
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e
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d
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i
p
,
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l
.
3
8
,
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o
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6
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p
p
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4
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v
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0
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0
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7
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0
.
[
4
]
D
.
N
.
D
e
w
i
,
“
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
:
a
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
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u
rr
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n
t
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c
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Re
se
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Re
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,
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.
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r
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1
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.
[
5
]
E.
P
r
a
s
t
y
o
a
n
d
D
.
H
i
d
a
y
a
t
,
“
A
c
l
o
se
r
l
o
o
k
o
n
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
r
’
s
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
me
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
:
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s
u
r
v
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y
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se
l
e
c
t
e
d
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
”
U
t
a
m
a
x
:
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
U
l
t
i
m
a
t
e
R
e
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
T
r
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d
s
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n
Ed
u
c
a
t
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,
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l
.
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,
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o
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3
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p
p
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1
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–
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2
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,
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o
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:
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/
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t
a
m
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x
.
v
4
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3
.
1
1
0
3
7
.
[
6
]
P
.
B
.
W
i
c
a
k
so
n
o
a
n
d
M
u
a
f
i
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
t
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o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
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r
s
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i
p
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n
d
o
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g
a
n
i
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t
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c
u
l
t
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r
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o
n
o
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a
n
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n
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o
mm
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m
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t
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n
me
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i
a
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o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
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l
c
y
n
i
c
i
sm,
”
J
BM
P
(
J
u
r
n
a
l
B
i
s
n
i
s
,
Ma
n
a
j
e
m
e
n
d
a
n
P
e
rb
a
n
k
a
n
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
–
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1
8
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
0
7
0
/
j
b
m
p
.
v
7
i
2
.
1
5
2
5
.
[
7
]
N
.
M
.
Y
.
W
i
d
a
y
a
n
i
,
I
.
W
.
G
.
S
u
p
a
r
t
h
a
,
I
.
M
.
A
.
W
i
b
a
w
a
,
a
n
d
I
.
B
.
K
.
S
u
r
y
a
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
a
d
W
a
r
n
a
n
i
n
g
R
a
j
a
n
i
t
i
’
s
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
e
mp
l
o
y
e
e
s’
w
o
r
k
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
ro
f
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ss
i
o
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a
l
Bu
s
i
n
e
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Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
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.
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.
4
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.
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2
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v
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w
/
2
0
2
2
.
v
7
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3
.
e
5
7
0
.
[
8
]
S
u
k
a
r
mi
n
a
n
d
I
.
S
i
n
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
f
l
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e
n
c
e
o
f
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
i
n
s
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c
t
i
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n
a
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e
a
d
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s
h
i
p
b
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h
a
v
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a
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t
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o
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o
mm
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t
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t
o
f
j
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n
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o
r
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s
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h
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t
e
a
c
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e
r
s
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n
S
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r
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
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Ma
l
a
y
si
a
n
J
o
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r
n
a
l
o
f
L
e
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r
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3
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8
9
0
/
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l
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2
2
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1
9
.
2
.
3
.
[
9
]
N
.
A
r
i
a
n
s
y
a
h
,
A
s
l
a
m
i
a
h
,
a
n
d
S
u
l
a
i
man
,
“
Th
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
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c
o
mm
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t
m
e
n
t
t
o
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r
g
a
n
i
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a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
l
i
ma
t
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a
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d
t
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a
c
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j
o
b
sat
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sf
a
c
t
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a
t
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S
t
r
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w
b
e
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r
y
B
a
n
j
a
r
m
a
si
n
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t
a
r
a
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
K
6
E
d
u
c
a
t
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o
n
a
n
d
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
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t
,
v
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l
.
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o
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3
,
p
p
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1
9
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3
3
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
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:
1
0
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1
1
5
9
4
/
j
k
6
e
m.
0
4
.
0
3
.
0
6
.
[
1
0
]
H
.
A
.
M
.
S
h
a
f
f
r
i
l
,
A
.
A
.
S
a
ma
h
,
S
.
F
.
S
a
ms
u
d
d
i
n
,
a
n
d
Z.
A
l
i
,
“
M
i
r
r
o
r
-
mi
r
r
o
r
o
n
t
h
e
w
a
l
l
,
w
h
a
t
c
l
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mat
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
d
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p
t
a
t
i
o
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st
r
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t
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g
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s
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p
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t
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y
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A
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n
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s
f
i
s
h
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m
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n
o
f
a
l
l
?
”
J
o
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r
n
a
l
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f
C
l
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a
n
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r
Pro
d
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t
i
o
n
,
v
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3
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6
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j
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l
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p
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o
.
2
0
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9
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0
5
.
2
6
2
.
[
1
1
]
W
.
M
e
n
g
i
s
t
,
T.
S
o
r
o
mess
a
,
a
n
d
G
.
L
e
g
e
se
,
“
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
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o
n
d
u
c
t
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n
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sy
s
t
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m
a
t
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l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
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r
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v
i
e
w
a
n
d
met
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
f
o
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
c
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e
n
c
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r
e
sea
r
c
h
,
”
Me
t
h
o
d
sX
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
.
1
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0
7
7
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
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0
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/
j
.
me
x
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
0
0
7
7
7
.
[
1
2
]
M
.
L.
R
e
t
h
l
e
f
se
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
R
I
S
M
A
-
S
:
a
n
e
x
t
e
n
si
o
n
t
o
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e
P
R
I
S
M
A
st
a
t
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me
n
t
f
o
r
r
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p
o
r
t
i
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g
l
i
t
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r
a
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u
r
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c
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s
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s
y
st
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ma
t
i
c
r
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v
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e
w
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
L
i
b
r
a
ry
Ass
o
c
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t
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o
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,
v
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l
.
1
0
9
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n
o
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2
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p
p
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7
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l
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2
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2
1
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:
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0
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5
1
9
5
/
j
ml
a
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
6
2
.
[
1
3
]
Q
.
H
.
Le
,
L.
P
.
Ta
n
,
a
n
d
T.
H
.
H
o
a
n
g
,
“
C
u
st
o
mer
b
r
a
n
d
c
o
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
:
a
s
y
st
e
ma
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
Ma
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
& Pl
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
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o
.
8
,
p
p
.
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3
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S
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2
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2
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:
1
0
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1
1
0
8
/
M
I
P
-
04
-
2
0
2
2
-
0
1
6
1
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
B
.
P
e
r
ma
t
a
sar
i
,
S
.
R
a
h
a
y
u
,
a
n
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I
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W
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D
a
s
n
a
,
“
C
h
e
mi
s
t
r
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e
a
r
n
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n
g
u
si
n
g
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s:
a
s
y
st
e
mat
i
c
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
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n
c
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L
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n
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,
v
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l
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5
,
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o
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2
,
p
p
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3
3
4
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4
1
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l
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2
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2
2
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1
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5
0
9
/
j
sl
.
v
5
i
2
.
4
2
6
5
6
.
[
1
5
]
D
.
M
o
h
e
r
,
A
.
L
i
b
e
r
a
t
i
,
J.
Te
t
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l
a
f
f
,
a
n
d
D
.
G
.
A
l
t
ma
n
,
“
P
r
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f
e
r
r
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d
r
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p
o
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n
g
i
t
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ms
f
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s
t
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m
a
t
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v
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w
s
a
n
d
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s:
t
h
e
P
R
I
S
M
A
st
a
t
e
me
n
t
,
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PL
o
S
Me
d
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v
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.
p
me
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9
7
.
[
1
6
]
Y
.
G
.
C
h
e
n
,
J.
N
.
C
h
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
t
o
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
s
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sc
h
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o
l
p
r
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c
i
p
a
l
s’
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s:
a
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
Ta
i
w
a
n
a
n
d
Jap
a
n
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s:
T
h
e
o
ry
& Pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
–
1
7
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
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:
1
0
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1
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7
3
8
/
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st
p
.
2
0
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7
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1
.
0
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1
8
.
[
1
7
]
P
.
H
a
l
l
i
n
g
e
r
,
R
.
H
o
s
sei
n
g
h
o
l
i
z
a
d
e
h
,
N
.
H
a
s
h
e
m
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
K
o
u
h
sar
i
,
“
D
o
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
m
a
k
e
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
?
E
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
h
o
w
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s
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f
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t
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c
t
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a
l
l
e
a
d
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s
h
i
p
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mp
a
c
t
t
e
a
c
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f
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a
c
y
a
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d
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
i
n
I
r
a
n
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
& Lea
d
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i
p
,
v
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l
.
4
6
,
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o
.
5
,
p
p
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1
9
,
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p
.
2
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8
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0
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1
1
7
7
/
1
7
4
1
1
4
3
2
1
7
7
0
0
2
8
3
.
[
1
8
]
M
.
Q
a
d
a
c
h
,
C
.
S
c
h
e
c
h
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
R
.
D
a
’
a
s,
“
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
i
n
t
e
n
t
t
o
l
e
a
v
e
:
t
h
e
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
e
d
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
A
d
m
i
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
&
L
e
a
d
e
rsh
i
p
,
v
o
l
.
4
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
1
7
–
6
3
4
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
1
7
4
1
1
4
3
2
1
9
8
3
6
6
8
3
.
[
1
9
]
N
.
Ç
o
ğ
a
l
t
a
y
a
n
d
E.
K
a
r
a
d
a
ğ
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
:
a
m
e
t
a
–
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
t
h
e
samp
l
e
o
f
Tu
r
k
e
y
,
”
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s:
T
h
e
o
ry
& Pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
0
3
–
6
4
6
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
7
3
8
/
e
s
t
p
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
.
2
5
1
9
.
[
2
0
]
M
.
P
i
e
t
sc
h
,
P
.
T
u
l
o
w
i
t
z
k
i
,
a
n
d
T
.
K
o
c
h
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
sh
a
r
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
j
o
b
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
:
a
mu
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Ad
m
i
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Q
u
a
rt
e
rl
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
0
5
–
7
4
1
,
D
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c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
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i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
0
1
3
1
6
1
X
1
8
8
0
6
3
4
6
.
[
2
1
]
L.
M
.
T
h
i
e
n
,
I
.
N
.
D
a
r
m
a
w
a
n
,
a
n
d
D
.
A
d
a
ms,
“
(
R
e
)
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
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w
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w
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