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s'
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IT
sp
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K
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w
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d
s
:
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tech
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li
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se
.
C
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r
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s
p
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A
uth
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W
in
s
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G.
Do
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in
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o
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lleg
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ch
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State
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ity
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Nu
m
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s
f
ac
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o
f
o
u
r
s
o
ciet
y
ar
e
im
p
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v
ed
b
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tech
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o
lo
g
y
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asy
ac
ce
s
s
to
a
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a
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g
e
o
f
r
eso
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ce
s
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d
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er
v
ices
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s
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p
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o
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ted
b
y
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k
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esig
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A
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cr
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ce
o
f
tech
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o
lo
g
y
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
e
atu
r
e
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
c
y
is
a
war
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
till
wid
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ea
d
elec
tio
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s
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
(
o
f
f
li
n
e)
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
illar
s
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
em
o
cr
ac
y
.
T
h
e
t
o
o
ls
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
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u
s
ed
to
cr
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te
v
er
if
iab
le,
tr
an
s
p
ar
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n
t
v
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s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
co
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u
all
y
im
p
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g
.
Sin
ce
th
e
1
9
7
0
s
,
m
an
y
v
er
s
io
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s
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
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g
h
av
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b
ee
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u
tili
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d
,
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d
th
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h
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ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
tag
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v
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p
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ased
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ed
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f
icien
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an
d
d
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r
ea
s
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r
o
r
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
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ter
ized
v
o
tin
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s
y
s
tem
is
o
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s
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p
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g
f
r
au
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an
d
s
ee
k
h
o
n
esty
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
ess
g
lo
b
ally
[
4
]
.
W
ith
tim
e,
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
v
o
tin
g
h
as
g
iv
en
way
to
elec
tr
o
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ic
v
o
tin
g
in
an
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f
o
r
t
to
c
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d
u
p
li
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
in
co
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s
is
ten
t
r
esu
lts
[
5
]
.
An
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
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g
s
y
s
tem
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
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af
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to
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r
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v
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twice
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p
letely
v
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wh
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s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
'
p
r
iv
ac
y
[
6
]
.
I
t
h
as
lo
n
g
b
ee
n
a
p
r
o
b
lem
t
o
d
esig
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a
n
d
co
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s
tr
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s
af
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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5
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7
52
P
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o
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QS
UeV
o
to
:
d
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tr
ib
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te
d
elec
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s
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G.
Do
min
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)
273
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
with
th
e
f
air
n
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d
p
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cy
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f
p
r
esen
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v
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ar
r
an
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[
7
]
.
Pro
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m
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[
8
]
.
T
h
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is
s
u
e
with
th
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cu
r
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t
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in
s
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m
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f
f
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Qu
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in
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State
U
n
iv
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s
till
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s
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g
th
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m
an
u
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s
in
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o
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elec
tio
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s
.
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s
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to
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ased
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o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
v
o
ter
v
o
tes.
An
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
en
tim
en
t
an
aly
s
is
to
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
elec
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
is
ca
lle
d
"e
lectio
n
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
"
[
9
]
.
E
m
p
lo
y
e
d
f
o
r
g
ath
er
i
n
g
d
ata
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
s
'
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
p
r
o
d
u
c
in
g
p
r
ec
is
e
elec
to
r
al
f
o
r
ec
asts
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
v
o
ter
s
’
p
ar
tici
p
atio
n
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
elec
tio
n
o
f
f
icer
s
,
lo
wer
s
th
e
co
s
ts
o
f
r
u
n
n
in
g
ele
ctio
n
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
[
1
1
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
it
elim
in
ate
s
T
T
P,
d
ec
en
tr
alize
s
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
c
o
m
p
letely
p
r
o
tecte
d
d
at
a
s
to
r
ag
e,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ein
g
p
r
esen
ted
as a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
I
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
2
]
.
A
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
,
d
ig
ital,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
-
b
ased
s
ec
u
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
is
k
n
o
wn
as
a
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
.
T
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
m
ay
o
f
f
er
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
an
cu
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
1
3
]
.
I
t
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
to
cr
ea
te
a
tam
p
er
-
p
r
o
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
d
ata
s
h
ar
in
g
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
d
ata
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
[
1
4
].
th
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
v
o
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
in
o
r
d
er
to
a
v
o
id
f
r
au
d
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
it
m
o
r
e
s
e
cu
r
e
,
d
ep
en
d
ab
le,
a
n
d
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
[
1
5
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
ese
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
is
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
,
wh
ich
ca
n
d
eliv
e
r
s
u
itab
le,
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
le,
q
u
ick
,
a
n
d
s
af
e
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
a
r
ticl
e
is
to
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
a
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
-
b
ased
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
will
b
en
ef
it
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
a
r
e
e
lig
ib
le
to
v
o
te.
A
f
ew
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
wer
e
co
m
b
in
ed
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate,
q
u
ick
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
t
is
a
web
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
f
elec
tio
n
s
.
User
s
ar
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
in
t
er
ac
t
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
E
v
er
y
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
alwa
y
s
h
eld
an
n
u
al
elec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
Stu
d
en
t
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
C
o
u
n
cil.
E
v
er
y
s
tu
d
en
t
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
elec
t
o
n
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
r
o
m
a
lis
t
t
o
f
ill
ea
ch
p
o
s
t
o
n
th
e
Stu
d
en
t
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
C
o
u
n
cil
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
ev
en
t.
T
h
is
ca
m
p
u
s
h
ad
alr
ea
d
y
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
C
am
p
u
s
S
tu
d
en
t
C
o
u
n
cil
E
lectio
n
o
f
o
f
f
icer
s
.
T
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
Pro
ject
Q
SUeVo
to
:
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
E
lectr
o
n
ic
Vo
tin
g
Sy
s
tem
b
as
ed
o
n
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
Qu
ir
in
o
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
will
h
elp
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
to
m
ak
e
th
e
w
o
r
k
a
lo
t
ea
s
ier
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
er
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
-
p
latf
o
r
m
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
s
y
s
tem
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
au
to
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tally
o
f
v
o
tes o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
elec
tio
n
p
er
i
o
d
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Sy
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
wer
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
So
f
twar
e
Qu
alit
y
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
,
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
—
also
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
s
tatis
tical
r
esear
ch
—
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
ata
an
d
f
e
atu
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
ex
am
in
atio
n
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
E
l
ec
tr
o
n
ic
Vo
tin
g
Sy
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Pro
ject
QSUeVo
to
.
T
h
e
p
h
ases
th
at
will
g
iv
e
a
s
h
ar
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
-
b
u
ild
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
wil
l
b
e
r
ea
lized
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
will b
e
id
en
tifie
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
So
f
twar
e
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t L
if
e
C
y
cle
(
SDLC).
Fig
u
r
e
1
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
Pro
ject
QSUeVo
to
,
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
u
ilt
o
n
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
is
i
llu
s
tr
ated
u
s
in
g
an
ag
ile
,
ite
r
at
iv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
1
6
]
.
E
v
er
y
iter
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
,
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
,
an
d
lay
o
u
t
en
tails
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
Ag
ile
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
ar
e
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
in
cr
em
e
n
t
al
an
d
iter
ativ
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es
th
a
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
p
r
o
ject
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
[
1
7
]
.
Ap
p
licatio
n
Pro
ject
QSUeVo
to
b
ased
o
n
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
:2
0
1
1
,
an
I
n
te
r
n
atio
n
al
Or
g
an
izatio
n
f
o
r
Stan
d
ar
d
izati
o
n
(
I
SO)
m
o
d
el.
T
esti
n
g
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
s
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
[
1
8
]
.
2
.
1
.
Requirem
ent
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ities
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
ar
e
to
co
n
d
u
ct
Data
Gath
er
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
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g
h
a
s
er
ies
o
f
in
ter
v
iews a
b
o
u
t th
e
p
o
licies an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es in
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
elec
tio
n
,
C
o
llectio
n
o
f
S
am
p
le
r
ep
o
r
ts
to
b
e
p
r
ep
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d
s
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b
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Pro
b
l
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s
E
n
co
u
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ter
e
d
with
th
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m
a
n
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al
p
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wh
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th
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p
o
s
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ib
le
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lu
tio
n
s
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
izatio
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ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
o
f
.
Oth
er
R
elate
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
an
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e
d
e
v
elo
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o
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at
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ate
with
t
h
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p
lan
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c
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p
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ter
ize
d
s
y
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tem
.
2
.
2
.
Desig
n
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
s
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r
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c
o
m
p
atib
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p
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d
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th
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ap
p
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p
r
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am
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s
o
f
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T
h
e
p
r
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d
u
ctio
n
o
f
f
icer
an
d
u
s
er
s
wer
e
in
co
n
s
tan
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
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with
th
e
r
esear
ch
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r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
wo
u
ld
b
est
m
ee
t
th
ei
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
2
7
2
-
2
8
0
274
d
em
an
d
s
.
Fo
r
Pr
o
ject
QSUeVo
to
,
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
cr
ea
ted
a
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
lo
g
ical
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
d
esig
n
e
d
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
n
tity
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
Diag
r
am
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
ar
e
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
at
ab
ase's
tab
les.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
lan
n
ed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
s
tu
d
ied
h
o
w
d
ata
will
b
e
k
e
p
t
in
t
h
e
d
ata
b
ase
tab
les
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
d
at
ab
ase
d
esig
n
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
d
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
alize
d
d
atab
ase
d
esig
n
was
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
t
h
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
id
en
t
ity
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
to
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
also
u
s
ed
th
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
in
p
u
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
u
tp
u
t
(
HI
PO)
t
h
is
will
b
e
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
id
e
n
t
if
y
wh
at
ar
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es n
ee
d
ed
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
at
th
e
HI
PO ser
v
ed
as th
e
b
lu
ep
r
in
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ag
ile
iter
ativ
e
m
o
d
e
l
2
.
3
.
Dev
el
o
pm
ent
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
er
u
s
ed
th
e
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
5
to
o
lk
it
an
d
th
e
s
lim
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
i
n
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
C
SS
to
cr
ea
te
a
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
t
h
at
is
b
o
th
ae
s
th
etica
lly
p
leasin
g
an
d
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
wh
en
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
an
d
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
W
h
en
d
esig
n
in
g
a
web
p
ag
e,
co
n
s
id
er
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
d
ev
ice
ty
p
es
—
s
u
ch
as
p
r
in
ter
s
,
b
ig
s
cr
ee
n
s
,
an
d
s
m
all
s
cr
ee
n
s
—
will
s
ee
m
.
A
s
im
ilar
s
o
f
twar
e
co
d
e
b
ase
f
o
r
d
esk
to
p
an
d
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
cr
ea
ted
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
web
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
a
n
d
lib
r
ar
ies.
I
f
n
ee
d
ed
,
it
is
s
im
p
le
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
web
ap
p
licatio
n
in
to
a
n
ativ
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
.
PHP
is
a
s
er
v
er
-
s
id
e
co
m
p
u
te
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
th
at
g
iv
es
y
o
u
th
e
v
er
s
atility
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
m
an
ip
u
late
web
p
ag
es
w
h
ile
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
an
d
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
d
atab
ases
.
My
SQL
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
d
atab
ases
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
,
alo
n
g
with
PHP.
Util
izin
g
jQu
er
y
,
a
clien
t
-
s
id
e
s
cr
ip
tin
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
,
o
n
y
o
u
r
web
s
ite
g
r
ea
tly
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
J
av
aScr
ip
t.
Ma
n
y
co
m
m
o
n
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
lin
es
o
f
J
av
aScr
ip
t
co
d
e
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
to
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
m
ay
b
e
ca
lled
with
ju
s
t
o
n
e
li
n
e
o
f
co
d
e
b
y
jQu
er
y
.
L
ar
av
el
is
a
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
an
d
ea
s
y
-
to
-
u
s
e
PH
P
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
av
ailab
le
as o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
t
war
e.
I
t f
o
llo
ws th
e
m
o
d
el
-
v
ie
w
-
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
p
atter
n
.
2
.
4
.
T
esting
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
test
in
g
an
d
Par
all
el
T
esti
n
g
.
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
test
in
g
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
b
u
g
s
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Par
allel
test
in
g
,
is
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
test
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
m
an
u
al
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
is
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
ts
g
en
e
r
at
ed
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
ch
ec
k
also
wh
at
ar
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
a
y
b
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
ac
tiv
ity
ch
ec
k
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
tu
r
es o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
5
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
n
d
u
s
ed
in
th
is
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
u
s
er
s
will
m
ak
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
as
in
ten
d
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
r
o
ject
QS
UeV
o
to
:
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
vo
tin
g
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
…
(
Win
s
to
n
G.
Do
min
g
o
)
275
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
eq
u
ality
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
s
ca
le
-
u
p
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
v
o
l
v
es
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
as we
ll a
s
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
p
r
ac
tices.
2
.
6
.
M
a
inte
na
nce
E
r
r
o
r
f
ix
es,
f
ea
tu
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
eletio
n
s
,
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
,
s
o
f
twar
e
u
p
d
ates,
an
d
u
p
g
r
ad
es
ar
e
all
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
c
ateg
o
r
y
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
ac
tiv
ities
.
So
f
twar
e
m
ain
t
en
an
ce
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
f
ix
in
g
b
u
g
s
,
ad
ap
tin
g
to
c
h
an
g
in
g
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
,
u
p
d
atin
g
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
tr
ea
m
l
in
in
g
co
d
e
to
r
u
n
m
o
r
e
q
u
i
ck
ly
,
ch
an
g
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
lay
o
u
ts
,
m
in
im
izin
g
u
n
in
ten
d
e
d
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
q
u
ality
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Cre
a
t
ed
a
nd
im
plem
e
nte
d
a
net
wo
r
k
-
ba
s
ed
s
o
f
t
w
a
re
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
elec
t
ro
nic
v
o
t
ing
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
ha
t
o
f
f
er
s
co
m
pu
t
ing
re
s
o
urce
s
s
o
v
o
t
er
s
ca
n sa
f
el
y
r
eg
is
t
er
a
nd
ca
s
t
t
heir
ba
llo
t
s
T
h
e
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
e
n
ab
les
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
ch
em
es
o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
task
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
Pro
ject
QSUeVo
to
Sy
s
tem
Ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
h
e
v
o
ter
s
m
u
s
t r
eg
is
ter
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
g
en
e
r
ate
th
e
QR
C
ODE
an
d
L
o
g
in
cr
ed
en
tials
.
T
h
e
lo
g
in
cr
ed
en
tials
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
ein
th
e
v
o
ter
s
ca
n
c
ast
th
eir
v
o
tes.
Af
ter
th
e
v
o
ter
s
ca
s
t
th
eir
v
o
t
es,
th
e
v
o
ter
s
m
u
s
t
s
ca
n
th
e
QR
co
d
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
ir
v
o
tes,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
p
r
in
t
th
e
b
allo
t
an
d
b
e
s
ig
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
v
o
te
r
s
.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
will
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
u
b
m
itte
d
v
o
tes
o
f
th
e
v
o
ter
s
.
On
ce
th
e
p
r
in
ted
b
allo
t
is
s
ig
n
ed
,
th
e
b
allo
t
m
u
s
t b
e
s
u
b
m
itted
to
th
e
b
allo
t
b
o
x
.
Vo
ter
s
ca
n
ea
s
ily
an
d
co
n
v
en
ien
tly
ca
s
t
th
eir
b
allo
ts
e
lectr
o
n
ically
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
e
-
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
b
etter
with
a
s
af
e
v
o
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
h
as
c
u
ttin
g
-
e
d
g
e
f
e
atu
r
es.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
as
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
o
r
tif
y
an
d
p
r
o
tect
th
e
v
o
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
p
u
ttin
g
m
o
r
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
o
f
f
icial
b
allo
t
wh
er
e
th
e
v
o
ter
s
ca
n
ca
s
t
th
ei
r
v
o
tes.
T
h
is
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p
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SS
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2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
r
o
ject
QS
UeV
o
to
:
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
vo
tin
g
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
b
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ck
ch
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in
…
(
Win
s
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Do
min
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)
277
o
p
tim
izatio
n
[
3
2
]
.
E
n
d
u
s
er
s
h
av
e
ce
r
tifie
d
th
e
q
u
ality
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
im
p
li
ed
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
q
u
ality
[
3
3
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
est o
f
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
p
p
licatio
n
to
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SO 2
5
0
1
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o
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twar
e
q
u
ality
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ta
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f
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4
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4
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4
4
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4
4
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i
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h
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t
3
.
4
.
T
est
o
f
t
he
dis
cr
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ncy
bet
wee
n
us
er
s
'
a
n
d
I
T
ex
pert
s
'
o
pin
io
n
s
re
g
a
rding
t
h
e
deg
re
e
o
f
s
y
s
t
em
a
cc
ept
a
nce
a
nd
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m
pli
a
nce
T
h
e
T
ab
le
s
1
a
n
d
2
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
test
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
in
i
o
n
s
o
f
I
T
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
an
d
u
s
er
s
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eg
ar
d
in
g
h
o
w
c
o
m
p
lian
t
a
n
d
ac
ce
p
tab
le
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
.
T
ab
l
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
is
cr
ep
an
c
y
b
et
wee
n
u
s
er
s
'
an
d
I
T
ex
p
er
ts
'
o
p
in
io
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s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
'
s
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
lev
els.
T
h
e
p
-
v
alu
e,
wh
i
ch
is
less
th
an
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
.
0
5
.
,
o
n
ly
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
f
I
T
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
an
d
u
s
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
s
'
an
d
I
T
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
'
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
o
f
th
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s
y
s
tem
'
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
lev
els.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
g
lo
b
al
p
ea
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
o
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
I
n
te
r
v
iews
wi
th
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
an
d
elec
tio
n
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
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ad
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an
tag
es
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
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y
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O
u
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
tr
u
s
t
in
th
e
v
o
tin
g
p
r
o
c
ess
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
-
v
alu
e
f
o
r
I
T
E
x
p
er
ts
is
.
0
0
0
,
m
ea
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in
g
t
h
er
e
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a
v
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r
y
l
o
w
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
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th
at
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
if
f
er
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ce
is
d
u
e
to
ch
a
n
ce
,
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lt st
atis
tical
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
a
b
le
f
o
r
th
e
d
is
cr
ep
a
n
cy
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
s
'
an
d
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T
ex
p
er
ts
'
o
p
in
io
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
y
s
tem
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
G
r
o
u
p
s c
o
m
p
a
r
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d
M
e
a
n
S
TD
.
D
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
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TD
.
e
r
r
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r
me
a
n
P
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V
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l
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e
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n
t
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r
p
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a
t
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T
Ex
p
e
r
t
s
4
.
6
3
.
1
8
8
0
7
0
.
0
6
6
4
9
2
.
0
0
0
*
S
i
g
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i
f
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c
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t
U
sers
4
.
4
4
.
0
2
2
5
2
0
.
0
0
7
9
6
2
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
e
d
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
ca
m
e
to
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
m
ig
h
t b
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t m
a
n
u
a
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t e
lectio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
t
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
,
o
r
Pro
ject
QSUeV
o
to
,
was
b
u
ilt.
T
h
e
r
u
les
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
p
e
r
tain
i
n
g
to
th
e
Qu
ir
in
o
State
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
elec
tio
n
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
an
d
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
in
to
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
s
y
s
tem
was
d
eter
m
in
e
d
to
m
ee
t
all
o
f
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
in
te
g
r
ity
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
a
u
d
itab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
b
u
ilt
web
a
p
p
s
ar
e
alm
o
s
t
in
f
in
ite
in
s
itu
atio
n
s
wh
er
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
cr
itical
an
d
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l.
W
h
en
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
a
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
s
y
s
tem
lik
e
t
h
is
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tr
u
s
ted
.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
Pro
ject
QSUeVo
to
:
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
h
ig
h
l
y
m
ain
tain
a
b
le,
la
r
g
e
-
s
ca
le,
an
d
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le
E
-
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
in
th
e
cu
s
to
m
ized
p
r
iv
ate
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
.
Pu
ttin
g
in
p
lace
an
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
ass
is
t
m
ee
t
a
lo
t
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
an
d
p
av
e
th
e
way
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
g
en
er
atio
n
s
o
f
r
eliab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
ed
u
ce
d
th
at
th
e
SG
Ad
v
is
er
,
SAS
Dir
ec
to
r
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
C
an
v
ass
er
B
o
ar
d
f
r
o
m
Ma
d
d
ela
a
n
d
Dif
f
u
n
C
a
m
p
u
s
g
av
e
th
e
g
en
er
ate
d
ap
p
licatio
n
g
r
ea
t
ap
p
r
o
v
al
a
n
d
a
cc
e
p
tan
ce
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
th
at
was
b
u
ilt
an
d
will
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
th
e
Stu
d
en
t
Ser
v
ices
Of
f
ice
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
elec
tio
n
is
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
n
d
ad
h
e
r
in
g
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
'
s
r
u
les
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
wh
en
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
elec
tio
n
s
.
A
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
-
b
ased
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
o
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
it
to
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
ef
f
ec
t
iv
ely
,
tr
u
s
t
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
b
u
ilt,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
en
s
u
r
ed
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
ce
r
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
f
ix
ed
.
Stro
n
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
in
ter
f
ac
es,
an
d
clea
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
en
ef
its
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
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In
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