I
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ia
n J
o
urna
l o
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lect
rica
l En
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m
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l.
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r
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I
SS
N:
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502
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4
7
52
,
DOI
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0
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1
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5
9
1
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cs
.v
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.
i
1
.
pp
32
-
38
32
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I
nfo
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S
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RAC
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A
r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
May
30
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Oct
9
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
Oct
30
,
2
0
2
4
Co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
(CT)
in
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
(P
M
S
)
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
m
o
t
o
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
t
o
in
c
re
a
se
th
e
p
re
p
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
M
a
n
y
C
T
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
p
ro
p
o
se
d
i
n
th
e
las
t
fe
w
y
e
a
rs.
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
d
e
a
lt
wi
th
t
h
e
stu
d
y
o
f
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
CT
in
P
M
S
G
.
Th
e
P
M
S
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
i
n
v
e
stig
a
te
d
i
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
th
e
in
teg
ra
l
slo
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
ty
p
e
wit
h
1
8
slo
ts
a
n
d
6
p
o
les
.
T
h
e
CT
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
to
b
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
th
e
slo
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
wid
t
h
v
a
riatio
n
,
m
a
g
n
e
t
e
d
g
e
s
slo
t
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
g
ra
d
u
a
ll
y
i
n
c
li
n
e
d
su
rfa
c
e
e
n
d
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
a
lso
h
a
s
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
t
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
sl
o
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
wi
d
th
a
n
d
sl
o
tt
i
n
g
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
ts.
T
h
e
fi
n
it
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
(F
EM
M
)
is
u
se
d
in
th
is
wo
r
k
t
o
p
e
rfo
rm
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
sim
u
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
PMSG
.
Us
in
g
th
e
F
EM
M
,
t
h
e
CT
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
pe
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
stu
d
ied
is
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
CT
p
e
a
k
v
a
lu
e
is
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
.
It
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
b
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
o
f
re
d
u
c
e
d
o
f
slo
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
a
n
d
slo
tt
in
g
th
e
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
ts
c
a
n
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
CT
o
f
P
M
S
g
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
a
b
o
u
n
d
9
8
.
5
5
%
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
with
t
h
e
b
a
se
li
n
e
m
o
d
e
l.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
Fin
ite
elem
en
t
PMSG
S
h
ap
in
g
PMS
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
aju
d
d
in
Nu
r
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
U
n
iv
er
s
itas
Kato
lik
I
n
d
o
n
esia A
tm
a
J
ay
a
So
u
th
J
ak
ar
ta
,
J
ak
ar
ta
E
m
ail: ta
n
s
@
atm
ajay
a.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Per
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
PMSGs
)
ar
e
w
id
ely
u
s
ed
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
o
u
r
d
aily
life
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
th
ese
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
tili
ze
d
in
lo
w
p
o
wer
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
d
u
e
to
th
eir
b
en
ef
its
,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
im
p
licity
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
PMSGs
also
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
er
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
with
ex
cited
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e.
I
n
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
,
t
h
e
PMSGs
u
s
u
ally
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
is
s
im
p
ler
an
d
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
o
p
er
ates
with
o
u
t
g
ea
r
b
o
x
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
e
o
f
m
ain
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
PMSG is th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
(
C
T
)
.
I
n
PMSG,
C
T
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
r
o
to
r
to
r
q
u
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
c
o
n
tact
with
th
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
c
o
r
e
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
in
s
tan
c
e,
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
i
b
r
atio
n
s
,
ac
o
u
s
tic
n
o
is
e,
an
d
o
th
e
r
th
in
g
s
ar
o
s
e,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
d
u
e
to
C
T
[
1
]
–
[
5
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
C
T
in
air
g
ap
o
f
m
a
ch
in
e
ca
n
m
ak
e
a
b
r
ea
k
in
g
ac
t
io
n
wh
ich
lo
ck
s
th
e
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
at
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
it
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
v
er
to
r
o
tate
th
e
m
ag
n
et
r
o
t
o
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t th
e
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
meth
o
d
s
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
ma
g
n
et
s
lo
tted
…
(
S
ya
msi
r
A
b
d
u
h
)
33
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
T
h
e
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
C
T
in
a
PMG
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
attain
in
g
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
W
h
en
u
s
in
g
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
(
PM
S
)
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
r
o
b
o
ts
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
C
T
c
o
n
ten
t
to
n
o
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
2
%
o
f
th
e
r
ated
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
o
lo
wer
th
e
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
o
f
d
r
ag
(
C
T
)
in
a
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
o
to
r
(
PMM
)
,
o
n
e
ca
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
f
lu
x
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
co
r
e
an
d
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
at
th
e
s
ta
to
r
co
r
e
.
T
an
g
en
tial
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
c
r
ea
ted
b
y
t
h
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
a
g
n
et
ed
g
e
an
d
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
.
T
h
e
ta
n
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
o
r
ce
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
o
f
th
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
at
th
e
m
ag
n
et
e
d
g
e.
At
h
ig
h
tan
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
,
t
h
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
o
r
ce
is
g
en
er
ated
i
n
th
e
air
g
ap
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
u
n
less
th
e
s
lo
t o
p
en
in
g
wid
th
at
th
e
s
tato
r
co
r
e
is
s
m
all.
I
n
a
PMG
o
r
PMM
with
n
ar
r
o
w
s
lo
t
o
p
en
i
n
g
wid
th
,
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
ta
n
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
o
r
ce
to
war
d
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
b
ec
o
m
e
less
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
,
tan
g
en
tial
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
(
)
g
en
er
ated
b
y
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
b
ec
o
m
e
lo
w,
s
o
th
at
it
is
n
o
t
s
tr
o
n
g
en
o
u
g
h
to
tig
h
t
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
at
s
tato
r
co
r
e.
Fo
r
th
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
a
PMG
o
r
PMM
co
u
ld
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
tan
g
e
n
tial
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
at
m
ag
n
et
e
d
g
e,
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
e
n
in
g
wid
th
o
f
s
tato
r
co
r
e
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
o
r
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
m
a
g
n
et
e
d
g
e
s
lo
ttin
g
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
wid
th
.
I
n
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
,
s
o
m
e
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
e
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
[
6
]
-
[
1
1
]
:
(
a)
u
s
e
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
s
lo
t
n
u
m
b
er
(
F
S
N
)
ty
p
e
o
f
PMG,
(
b
)
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
m
ag
n
et
s
ize
,
(
c)
u
s
e
m
ag
n
et
s
k
ew
o
f
s
tato
r
co
r
e
s
k
ew
,
(
d
)
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
wid
th
at
s
tato
r
co
r
e.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
way
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
C
T
in
in
teg
r
al
s
lo
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
(
I
S
N
)
ty
p
e
o
f
PM
G
is
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
th
e
m
ag
n
e
t
ed
g
e
s
lo
ttin
g
an
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
s
l
o
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
w
i
d
t
h
a
t
s
t
at
o
r
c
o
r
e
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
l
o
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
w
i
d
t
h
a
t
s
t
a
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
,
m
a
g
n
e
t
e
d
g
e
s
s
l
o
t
t
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
lo
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
w
i
d
t
h
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
e
d
g
e
s
l
o
t
ti
n
g
a
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
e
d
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
wo
r
k
i
s
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
C
T
p
e
a
k
o
f
P
M
G
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
t
l
e
as
t
98
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
.
I
n
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
C
T
o
f
b
a
s
e
lin
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
PMG
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
I
n
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
a
u
th
o
r
s
u
s
e
Nd
FeB
f
o
r
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
with
o
u
t
an
y
s
lo
ttin
g
i
n
th
e
m
ag
n
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
o
f
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
is
s
et
to
b
e
3
m
m
,
2
.
5
m
m
an
d
2
m
m
.
T
h
e
C
T
o
f
th
r
ee
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
PMG
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
C
T
p
ea
k
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
PMGs
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
p
ap
er
.
I
n
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e,
au
th
o
r
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
PMGs
with
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
s
lo
ttin
g
with
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
t.
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
t
ap
p
lied
to
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
C
T
o
f
PMGs.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e,
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
es
b
ec
o
m
e
th
in
n
er
th
a
n
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
s
lo
ttin
g
i
n
clu
d
e
th
e
im
m
ed
iate
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
o
f
th
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
ag
n
et
th
r
u
s
t.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
p
lace
d
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
co
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
an
d
g
en
er
ate
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
with
in
th
e
s
lo
t
ap
er
tu
r
e
b
y
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
a
g
n
et
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
C
T
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
al
b
en
ef
it
o
f
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
C
T
b
u
t
also
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
tat
io
n
to
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
le.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
ex
am
in
es th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PMGs b
y
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
f
in
ite
elem
en
t m
eth
o
d
m
a
g
n
etics
(
FEM
M
4
.
2
)
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
atio
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
PMGs
s
tu
d
ied
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
PMG
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
)
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
i
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
in
teg
r
al
s
lo
t
n
u
m
b
er
(
I
SN
)
ty
p
e
o
f
PMSG
b
y
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
s
lo
ttin
g
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
clin
e
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
en
d
(
GI
SE
)
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
an
d
v
ar
iatio
n
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
M
S
G
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PMSG
o
f
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
PMSG
is
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
with
3
m
m
wid
th
o
f
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
an
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
ag
n
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
o
r
ien
tatio
n
o
f
PMGSs
s
tu
d
ied
is
r
ad
ial
f
lu
x
,
wh
ile
p
ar
allel
an
d
Halb
ac
h
f
lu
x
o
r
ien
tatio
n
is
n
o
t
s
tu
d
ied
in
th
e
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
PMSGs
s
tu
d
ied
ar
e
M
-
1
9
f
o
r
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
.
W
h
i
l
e
f
o
r
m
a
g
n
e
t
r
o
t
o
r
u
s
e
s
N
d
F
e
B
.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
,
o
n
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
at
th
e
m
ag
n
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
PMSG
is
with
o
u
t
an
y
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
e
x
p
lain
th
e
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
I
n
s
et
-
PMSG w
ith
18
s
lo
ts
an
d
6
p
o
le
(
a)
with
o
u
t slo
ttin
g
o
f
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
(
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el)
an
d
(
b
)
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
32
-
38
34
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
DS
I
NSET
-
PMSG
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
:
A
ty
p
ical
in
s
et
-
PMSG
r
o
to
r
is
an
alo
g
o
u
s
to
a
wid
ely
u
s
e
d
s
u
r
f
ac
ed
-
m
o
u
n
ted
p
e
r
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
,
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ir
o
n
to
o
t
h
o
r
r
o
to
r
teeth
p
o
s
itio
n
e
d
b
e
twee
n
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
e
r
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
ets.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
I
n
s
et
-
PMSG
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
in
s
et
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
r
o
to
r
clo
s
ely
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
cial
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
Fro
m
a
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
in
s
et
-
PMSG
m
ay
ex
h
ib
it
g
r
ea
ter
s
tr
en
g
th
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
P
MSG.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
f
lu
x
in
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
a
ch
in
es
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
ets
(
PMs)
t
h
at
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
to
th
e
r
o
to
r
c
o
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
I
n
s
et
-
PMSG,
th
e
r
o
to
r
teeth
in
d
u
ce
a
r
o
t
o
r
a
n
is
o
tr
o
p
y
,
a
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
ac
cu
r
ate
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
it
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
teeth
ar
e
in
teg
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
co
r
e,
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
b
etwe
en
two
m
a
g
n
ets.
An
in
h
e
r
en
t
b
e
n
ef
it
o
f
I
n
s
et
-
PMSG
is
it
s
ex
ten
s
iv
e
f
lu
x
lo
o
p
with
in
th
e
r
o
to
r
co
r
e,
wh
ich
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
in
im
izes
th
e
r
o
to
r
ir
o
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
PMSG
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws th
e
PMSG stato
r
teeth
an
d
m
ag
n
et
with
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2.
M
ag
n
et
p
o
le
of
PMSG w
ith
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
(
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e)
(
a
)
PMSG
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
(
b
)
s
tato
r
teeth
an
d
m
a
g
n
et
with
t
wo
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S O
F
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
AND
T
H
E
M
E
T
H
O
D
F
O
R
CALCU
L
A
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
au
th
o
r
s
u
s
ed
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
FEM
M
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
L
UA
4
.
0
s
cr
ip
t
f
o
r
s
im
u
la
tio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
b
eh
av
io
r
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
with
in
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
a
)
-
3
(
c
)
ea
ch
ex
p
lain
th
e
b
aselin
e
m
o
d
el,
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
,
an
d
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
t
h
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
n
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
we
em
p
l
o
y
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
t
o
r
q
u
e
m
eth
o
d
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
C
T
.
I
n
FEM
an
aly
s
is
,
it
i
s
ess
en
tial
to
r
o
tate
th
e
r
o
to
r
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
in
s
m
all
in
cr
e
m
en
ts
,
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
t
h
e
to
tal
s
to
r
ed
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
en
er
g
y
at
ea
c
h
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
as
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t th
e
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
meth
o
d
s
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
ma
g
n
et
s
lo
tted
…
(
S
ya
msi
r
A
b
d
u
h
)
35
p
ar
tial
v
ar
iatio
n
in
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
co
-
en
er
g
y
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
C
T
eq
u
atio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t e
q
u
atio
n
.
=
(
1
)
wh
er
e
θ
:
th
e
r
o
to
r
a
n
g
u
lar
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
a
n
d
W
c
:
th
e
s
to
r
ed
co
-
en
er
g
y
of
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
.
T
h
e
(
1
)
,
also
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as sh
o
wn
in
:
=
∫
2
0
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
:
=
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
(
New
to
n
.
m
eter
)
=
s
tack
len
g
th
o
f
PMSGs
/m
ac
h
in
e
(
m
eter
)
=
tan
g
e
n
tial m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
(
New
to
n
)
=
m
ec
h
an
ical
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
o
t
o
r
r
o
tatio
n
(
d
eg
r
ee
)
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ma
g
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
of
a
1
8
s
lo
ts
an
d
6
p
o
le
I
n
s
et
-
PMSG
u
s
in
g
FEM
M
4
.
2
: (
a)
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el,
(
b
)
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
,
an
d
(
c
)
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
4.
VALI
DAT
I
O
N
CO
G
G
I
NG
T
O
RQ
UE
R
E
DUC
T
I
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
DS
U
SI
NG
F
E
M
M
In
p
ar
t,
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
of
th
e
PS
MG
s
s
tu
d
ied
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
FE
MM
.
I
n
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
it is
d
iv
id
ed
in
th
r
ee
s
tep
s
:
a)
B
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
m
ag
n
et
an
d
s
lo
t o
p
en
in
g
v
a
r
iatio
n
.
I
n
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el,
b
o
th
m
a
g
n
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
tato
r
co
r
e
h
as
n
o
t
an
y
s
lo
ttin
g
o
r
s
h
ap
in
g
.
T
h
e
PMSGs
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
im
u
lated
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
b)
On
e
s
tep
o
f
m
ag
n
et
s
lo
t a
t m
a
g
n
et
ed
g
e
.
I
n
th
is
s
tep
,
th
e
PMSG
s
s
tu
d
ied
s
im
u
lated
r
ef
er
s
to
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
m
a
g
n
et
s
lo
t is t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
en
clo
s
ed
with
in
th
e
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
s
lo
t
ap
er
t
u
r
e
a
t
th
e
s
tato
r
co
r
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
s
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etw
ee
n
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
will
af
f
ec
t
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
C
T
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
b
u
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
t
h
e
p
ea
k
o
f
C
T
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
two
-
s
tep
s
lo
ttin
g
at
th
e
m
a
g
n
et
ed
g
e
co
u
ld
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
C
T
b
y
9
5
.
1
4
6
%
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
t
o
th
e
b
aseli
n
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
PMSG
with
a
s
in
g
le
s
lo
ttin
g
s
tep
at
th
e
is
s
till
n
o
t su
f
f
icien
t f
o
r
s
p
ec
ia
l p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
c)
T
wo
s
tep
s
o
f
m
ag
n
et
s
lo
t a
t m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
l
o
t
at
m
a
g
n
et
is
ac
h
iev
e
a
h
i
g
h
er
C
T
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
C
T
p
ea
k
f
o
r
s
p
ec
ial
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
two
s
tep
s
o
f
s
lo
ttin
g
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
with
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
wid
th
o
f
s
tato
r
as
le
n
g
th
as
1
.
5
m
m
af
f
ec
t
to
d
ec
lin
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
th
e
tan
g
en
tial
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ce
at
m
ag
n
et
ed
g
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
C
T
p
ea
k
o
f
PMS
G
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
a
r
o
u
n
d
9
8
.
5
4
% o
f
th
e
b
ase
lin
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
C
T
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
PMSGs
.
4
.
1
.
Slo
t
o
penin
g
width
v
er
s
us
ba
s
e
li
ne
m
o
del
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
e
p
,
t
h
e
s
l
o
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
s
w
i
d
t
h
a
t
s
t
a
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
a
r
e
v
a
r
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
i
s
1
.
5
m
m
(
s
m
a
l
l
e
s
t
)
,
2
.
0
m
m
,
2
.
5
m
m
,
a
n
d
3
.
0
m
m
(
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
)
a
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
l
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
5
:
32
-
38
36
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
C
T
u
s
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
l
o
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
w
i
d
t
h
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
C
T
v
a
l
u
e
v
e
r
s
u
s
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
T
p
ea
k
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
PMSG w
ith
b
ase
lin
e
m
o
d
el
4
.
2
.
Slo
t
o
penin
g
width
v
a
ria
t
io
n v
er
s
us
o
ne
s
t
ep
o
f
s
lo
t
a
t
ma
g
net
edg
e
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
e
p
t
h
e
P
M
S
G
s
w
i
t
h
o
n
e
s
t
e
p
o
f
s
l
o
t
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
s
l
o
t
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
s
w
i
d
t
h
a
t
s
t
a
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
o
f
a
r
e
v
a
r
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
m
m
(
s
m
a
l
l
e
s
t
)
,
2
.
0
m
m
,
2
.
5
m
m
,
a
n
d
3
.
0
m
m
(
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
)
a
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
C
T
p
e
a
k
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
C
T
v
a
l
u
e
s
v
e
r
s
u
s
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
T
p
ea
k
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
PMSG w
ith
o
n
e
s
tep
o
f
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9
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.
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o
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(
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)
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:
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d
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c
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8.
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RAP
H
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S O
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AUTH
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RS
S
y
a
m
sir
Abd
u
h
is
a
fu
ll
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ro
f
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ss
o
r
in
h
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v
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lt
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g
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d
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n
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y
c
o
n
v
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rsio
n
lab
o
ra
to
r
y
a
t
Un
iv
e
rs
it
a
s
Tri
sa
k
ti
.
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
Ab
d
u
h
g
r
a
d
u
a
ted
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Ha
sa
n
u
d
d
i
n
a
n
d
P
h
.
Ds
.
fr
o
m
No
rth
e
n
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
lay
sia
.
No
w
(2
0
2
3
)
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
fu
ll
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
In
sti
tu
t
Te
k
n
o
lo
g
i
P
LN
Ja
k
a
rta
-
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sy
a
m
sir@it
p
ln
.
a
c
.
i
d
.
Mi
fta
h
u
l
Fi
k
r
i
is a l
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
fa
c
u
lt
y
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
i
n
In
stit
u
t
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
P
LN,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
1
6
,
h
e
h
a
s
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
st
u
d
y
in
g
fo
r
a
P
h
.
D
.
with
a
fo
c
u
s
o
n
stu
d
y
in
g
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
a
n
d
li
fe
ti
m
e
in
su
latio
n
fo
r
DC
c
a
b
le
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
(UTM
).
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
ift
a
h
u
l@it
p
l
n
.
a
c
.
id
.
Ta
ju
d
d
in
Nur
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
i
n
Atm
a
Ja
y
a
Ca
th
o
li
c
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
sin
c
e
1
9
9
4
.
Be
sid
e
s,
g
a
v
e
lec
tu
re
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,
h
e
a
lso
He
a
d
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
we
r
Lab
o
ra
to
ry
.
Taj
u
d
d
in
Nu
r
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ha
sa
n
u
d
d
i
n
(
Ba
c
h
a
lo
r),
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
In
d
o
n
e
sia
(M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
)
a
n
d
S
o
u
t
h
e
rn
Taiwa
n
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(P
h
.
D
.
),
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
Ch
in
a
.
S
i
n
c
e
2
0
0
9
,
h
e
h
a
s fo
c
u
se
d
re
se
rc
h
o
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
fo
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
No
w
h
e
is
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
El
e
c
trcia
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Ka
to
li
k
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Atm
a
Ja
y
a
Ja
k
a
rta.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
tan
s@
a
tma
jay
a
.
a
c
.
id
.
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