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ce
p
t
t
o
b
u
ild
in
g
s
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
m
a
n
y
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
b
u
ild
in
g
lo
ca
tio
n
,
clim
ate
an
d
wea
th
er
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
en
er
g
y
u
s
er
s
,
q
u
ality
o
f
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
an
d
b
u
ild
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
C
lim
ate
an
d
wea
th
er
g
r
ea
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
s
'
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
E
u
r
o
p
e,
wh
ich
h
as
a
clim
ate
with
f
o
u
r
s
ea
s
o
n
s
(
h
o
t,
co
ld
,
s
p
r
in
g
,
an
d
au
t
u
m
n
)
,
will
h
av
e
attr
ib
u
tes
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
a
t
ar
e
v
er
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a,
wh
ich
h
as
a
tr
o
p
ical
clim
ate.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
th
e
en
er
g
y
u
s
ed
in
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
b
u
il
d
in
g
s
is
g
en
er
ally
elec
tr
ical
an
d
h
ea
t e
n
er
g
y
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
in
tr
o
p
ical
ar
ea
s
,
it o
n
ly
u
s
es e
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ex
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
u
s
e
o
f
e
lec
tr
ica
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
is
f
o
r
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
i
n
g
,
wh
i
le
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
u
s
e
is
f
o
r
t
h
e
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
el
ec
t
r
ical
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
ac
h
es
2
5
%
o
f
a
ll
ele
ct
r
ic
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
s
[
7
]
.
I
t
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
s
a
v
i
n
g
e
lec
t
r
ic
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
u
s
e
f
o
r
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
St
u
d
ies
o
n
s
a
v
i
n
g
ele
ct
r
ic
i
ty
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
i
n
b
u
i
ld
in
g
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
f
o
r
a
l
o
n
g
t
i
m
e
.
Ge
tu
a
n
d
Atti
a
[
8
]
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
b
y
r
e
p
l
ac
i
n
g
o
r
d
in
ar
y
l
am
p
s
wit
h
L
E
D
l
am
p
s
wit
h
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
ca
m
p
u
s
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
A
tti
a
an
d
G
et
u
[
9
]
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
wit
h
L
E
D
la
m
p
s
i
n
t
eg
r
a
te
d
wit
h
a
t
im
er
t
o
r
e
g
u
la
te
t
h
ei
r
li
f
et
im
e
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
t
h
e
le
ct
u
r
e
s
ch
ed
u
l
e.
B
ah
a
r
u
m
[
1
0
]
u
s
ed
L
DR
an
d
PIR
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
e
lec
tr
ici
ty
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
i
n
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
ca
m
p
u
s
l
ig
h
t
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
is
a
c
h
ea
p
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
s
a
v
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
c
am
p
u
s
b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
[
1
1
]
.
Kim
e
t
a
l.
[
1
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
j
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
l
o
ca
t
io
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
at
wo
r
k
p
o
i
n
ts
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
ase
e
n
er
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
i
n
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
d
a
y
li
g
h
t
-
r
es
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
d
i
m
m
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
DR
DS)
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
u
r
th
er
r
ese
ar
ch
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
n
a
tu
r
a
l
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
ele
ctr
ic
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
in
c
a
m
p
u
s
b
u
i
ld
in
g
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
is
s
till
l
im
i
te
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
ze
s
t
h
a
t
u
s
i
n
g
n
a
tu
r
a
l
li
g
h
t
i
n
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
p
o
s
iti
v
e
l
y
im
p
ac
ts
ele
ctr
ici
ty
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
i
n
c
am
p
u
s
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
is
r
esea
r
c
h
a
i
m
s
to
u
ti
liz
e
t
h
e
a
b
u
n
d
an
t
n
at
u
r
al
l
ig
h
t
o
n
tr
o
p
i
ca
l
ca
m
p
u
s
es
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
ase
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
i
n
ele
ct
r
i
cit
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
W
e
a
r
e
m
o
ti
v
at
e
d
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
t
h
is
r
esea
r
ch
b
e
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
li
g
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
n
s
u
m
es 2
5
% o
f
el
ec
t
r
i
ca
l
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
i
n
tr
o
p
ic
al
cli
m
a
tes
,
an
d
n
at
u
r
al
l
ig
h
t
s
o
u
r
c
es
ar
e
a
b
u
n
d
a
n
t
i
n
th
is
r
e
g
i
o
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
t
h
e
ca
m
p
u
s
l
ig
h
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
in
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
is
s
ti
ll
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
,
wit
h
o
u
t
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
o
t
en
tial
f
o
r
a
b
u
n
d
an
t
n
a
tu
r
al
li
g
h
t
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
a
n
aly
ze
s
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
ject,
s
u
ch
as th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
wo
r
k
p
o
in
ts
,
wea
th
er
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
n
p
o
s
itio
n
,
o
n
s
av
i
n
g
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
im
m
in
g
lig
h
ts
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
eg
an
with
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
d
esig
n
o
f
a
lig
h
t
-
d
im
m
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
r
o
o
m
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
as
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
u
tili
ze
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t
to
s
av
e
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
s
y
s
tem
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
t
illu
m
in
atio
n
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
wo
r
k
p
o
in
ts
in
th
e
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
a
n
aly
s
is
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
wh
e
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
b
u
ild
i
n
g
o
r
wh
en
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
a
n
d
p
lan
n
in
g
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
in
a
n
ew
b
u
ild
in
g
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Z
er
o
ener
g
y
bu
ild
ing
(
Z
E
B
)
co
ncept
s
a
nd
s
m
a
rt
bu
ild
ing
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hu
i
[
1
3
]
,
Z
E
B
is
h
o
w
a
b
u
ild
in
g
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
its
en
er
g
y
as
m
u
ch
as
it
co
n
s
u
m
es
in
a
y
ea
r
.
Fro
m
an
ar
c
h
itectu
r
al
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew,
Z
E
B
is
a
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
h
o
w
to
d
esig
n
m
ater
ials
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
is
m
in
im
al
(
n
Z
E
B
)
.
I
t
s
ee
m
s
o
n
ly
to
ap
p
ly
to
b
u
ild
i
n
g
s
th
at
ar
e
to
b
e
b
u
ilt.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
an
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
also
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
b
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
t
h
ese
b
u
ild
in
g
s
in
t
o
in
tellig
en
t
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
Ma
y
er
a
n
d
E
n
g
e
-
R
o
s
en
b
latt
[
1
4
]
,
f
o
u
r
asp
ec
ts
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t th
is
in
tellig
en
t b
u
ild
in
g
co
n
ce
p
t:
a)
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
o
b
tain
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
ar
am
ete
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
;
b)
Data
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
with
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
co
n
n
e
cted
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t p
a
r
am
eter
s
;
c)
R
eliab
le
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
to
r
ea
lize
f
ast an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
r
e
g
u
latio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
; a
n
d
d)
Pre
d
ictiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
is
ess
en
tial
in
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
o
T
is
an
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
etwe
en
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tatio
n
(
to
o
ls
)
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
an
in
ter
n
et
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
wo
r
k
in
g
to
f
o
r
m
a
co
h
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
wo
r
k
a
ctiv
ities
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
em
b
e
d
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
I
o
T
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
f
ield
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
s
en
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
ese
p
h
y
s
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
r
o
m
r
ea
d
in
g
s
an
d
r
em
o
te
-
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
tar
g
ets
f
o
r
I
o
T
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
cr
ea
tin
g
in
tell
ig
en
t
b
u
ild
in
g
s
[
1
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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E
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f th
e
effec
t o
f e
n
viro
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men
ta
l c
o
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d
itio
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s
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e
n
erg
y
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a
vin
g
s
in
lig
h
tin
g
…
(
R
efd
in
a
l Na
z
ir
)
659
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
b
u
ild
in
g
h
as
a
g
en
e
r
al
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
On
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
tak
en
is
an
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
etwe
en
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
as
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
u
n
it
in
a
b
u
ild
in
g
o
b
ject,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
liv
in
g
s
p
ac
e
(
h
o
u
s
e)
,
o
f
f
ice,
o
r
o
th
er
s
.
I
t
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
b
u
ild
i
n
g
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
h
u
m
id
ity
,
an
d
air
q
u
ality
.
Ap
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
m
an
y
p
eo
p
le
a
r
e
in
t
h
e
b
u
ild
i
n
g
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
i
n
th
at
r
o
o
m
an
d
u
s
e
lig
h
tin
g
a
n
d
air
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
o
n
ly
wh
e
n
n
e
ed
ed
.
I
t c
a
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
with
v
ar
io
u
s
in
s
talled
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
T
wo
s
tep
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ap
p
ly
th
e
Z
E
B
co
n
ce
p
t
to
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
en
e
r
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
is
to
u
tili
ze
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
,
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
is
f
r
ee
,
p
o
llu
tio
n
-
f
r
ee
,
an
d
av
ailab
le
e
v
er
y
wh
e
r
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
is
ar
ticle
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
s
av
in
g
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
i
n
g
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
c
o
ns
er
v
a
t
io
n in buil
d
ing
s
At
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
s
tag
e,
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
th
in
g
to
p
ay
atten
tio
n
to
is
id
en
tify
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
waste
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
.
B
an
iy
o
u
n
es
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
b
y
en
u
m
er
atin
g
th
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
an
d
in
d
o
o
r
illu
m
i
n
an
ce
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
p
h
o
t
o
m
etr
i
c
co
m
p
u
ter
,
wh
ich
is
also
p
r
e
s
en
ted
[
1
8
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
9
-
1
5
%
wer
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
in
Ap
p
lied
Scien
ce
Priv
ate
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Am
m
an
,
J
o
r
d
an
,
u
s
in
g
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
th
eir
b
u
il
d
in
g
'
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
[
1
9
]
.
Pu
jan
i
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
h
a
v
e
id
en
tifie
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
elec
tr
ica
l
en
er
g
y
waste
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
i
n
g
s
:
a)
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
p
o
o
r
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
I
n
g
en
e
r
al,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
elec
t
r
ical
p
o
wer
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
waste
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
wh
ich
tak
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
h
ig
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
ten
t,
lo
w
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
im
b
alan
ce
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
will
ca
u
s
e
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
p
o
wer
lin
es
o
f
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
,
wh
ich
will
tr
ig
g
er
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
n
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
tr
ig
g
e
r
all
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
m
en
tio
n
ed
a
b
o
v
e
.
Act
io
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
waste
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
b
y
in
s
tallin
g
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
f
ilter
s
,
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
b
alan
ce
.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
o
n
en
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
es
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
[
2
0
]
.
b)
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
in
e
f
f
icien
t e
lectr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t/lo
ad
I
n
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
elec
tr
ical
lo
a
d
i
n
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
an
d
r
o
o
m
lig
h
tin
g
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
lam
p
s
)
.
I
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Pu
jan
i,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
was
3
2
%,
wh
ile
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
r
ea
ch
ed
2
5
%
o
f
all
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
[
7
]
.
On
e
ty
p
e
o
f
A
C
with
ef
f
icien
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
th
at
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
p
o
p
u
lar
in
air
c
o
n
d
itio
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
is
in
v
er
ter
AC
.
I
n
in
v
er
te
r
AC
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
m
o
to
r
is
o
p
er
ated
at
v
a
r
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
wh
ile
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
u
s
in
g
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
e
v
ice.
Me
a
n
wh
i
le,
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
AC
,
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
m
o
to
r
is
o
p
er
ated
o
n
-
o
f
f
d
u
r
in
g
r
o
o
m
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
B
y
u
s
in
g
an
in
v
e
r
ter
AC
in
a
n
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
it
will
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
av
e
th
e
e
lectr
i
ca
l
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
3
0
%
[
2
1
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
AC
is
r
elativ
ely
m
o
r
e
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
th
an
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
AC
.
L
ig
h
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
v
e
r
y
r
a
p
id
ly
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
lig
h
t
en
e
r
g
y
.
Star
tin
g
f
r
o
m
i
n
ca
n
d
escen
t
lam
p
s
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
e
n
er
g
y
-
in
ten
s
iv
e
an
d
wer
e
g
en
er
ally
u
s
ed
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
eir
d
is
co
v
er
y
,
to
L
E
D
lam
p
s
with
ef
f
icien
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
ar
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
to
d
ay
'
s
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
lam
p
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
lig
h
t
en
er
g
y
an
d
h
ea
t e
n
er
g
y
.
I
n
in
c
an
d
escen
t la
m
p
s
,
th
e
h
ea
t e
n
er
g
y
is
m
u
ch
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
lig
h
t e
n
er
g
y
,
wh
ile
i
n
L
E
D
lam
p
s
,
th
e
lig
h
t
en
er
g
y
is
m
u
ch
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
h
ea
t
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
if
y
o
u
lo
o
k
at
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
L
E
D
lig
h
ts
ar
e
v
er
y
ef
f
icien
t c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
in
c
an
d
escen
t lig
h
ts
f
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
c)
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
g
eo
m
etr
ic
s
h
ap
e
an
d
b
u
il
d
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
T
h
e
g
e
o
m
etr
ic
s
h
ap
e
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
will
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
b
u
ild
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
waste,
esp
ec
ially
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
tim
e.
Gen
er
ally
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
o
o
m
c
o
o
lin
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
co
m
f
o
r
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
o
o
m
lig
h
tin
g
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
h
ea
lth
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
B
u
ild
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
lo
w
t
h
er
m
al
in
s
u
latio
n
will
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
to
co
n
d
itio
n
th
e
air
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
s
id
e
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
c
r
ea
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
th
at
ca
n
u
tili
ze
n
atu
r
a
l
illu
m
in
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t
will
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
n
d
itio
n
th
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
L
E
D
lig
h
tin
g
a
n
d
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
tin
g
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ay
lig
h
t
-
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
d
im
m
in
g
s
y
s
tem
(
DR
DS)
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
2
]
.
Osak
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
J
ap
an
,
h
as
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
lo
w
-
r
is
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
g
laze
d
win
d
o
ws
to
r
ed
u
ce
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
waste
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
b
u
ild
in
g
s
'
th
er
m
al
in
s
u
latio
n
[
2
2
]
.
d)
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
b
u
il
d
in
g
u
s
er
s
T
h
e
m
is
s
io
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
u
s
e
elec
tr
ica
l
en
er
g
y
as
n
ee
d
ed
.
Hu
m
an
b
eh
av
io
r
as
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
g
r
ea
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
B
ased
o
n
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
c
ted
at
Ken
t
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
E
n
g
lan
d
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
d
o
r
m
ito
r
y
r
esid
en
ts
in
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
web
s
ite
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
65
7
-
67
2
660
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
en
er
g
y
d
eleg
ates
h
as
r
ed
u
ce
d
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
1
5
%
[
2
3
]
.
H
u
m
an
b
eh
av
i
o
r
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
en
e
r
g
y
waste,
b
u
t it
co
u
l
d
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
a
b
etter
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
2
.
3
.
E
nerg
y
ef
f
iciency
in lig
hting
s
y
s
t
em
s
As
s
tated
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
u
m
es
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
'
s
ec
o
n
d
lar
g
est
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
ca
m
p
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
s
'
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
s
er
io
u
s
ly
.
As
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
elo
w,
s
ev
er
al
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
elec
tr
ical
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
a)
R
ep
lace
m
en
t o
f
lam
p
s
with
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
th
r
ee
ty
p
es o
f
la
m
p
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
e
d
as lig
h
tin
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
n
am
ely
tu
b
e
lig
h
ts
(
T
L
)
,
c
o
m
p
ac
t
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
la
m
p
s
(
C
PL)
,
an
d
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
L
E
D)
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
lam
p
s
h
av
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
with
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
tar
tin
g
wi
th
T
L
,
C
FL,
an
d
L
E
D
lam
p
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
life
tim
e
o
f
Ph
illi
p
b
r
an
d
l
am
p
s
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
ies [
2
4
]
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
L
E
D
lam
p
s
ar
e
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
h
av
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
ex
ten
d
ed
life
s
p
an
,
b
u
t th
e
p
r
ic
e
is
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
o
th
er
lam
p
s
.
B
esid
es th
at,
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
lam
p
ca
n
co
n
v
er
t
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
lig
h
t
th
a
n
h
ea
t,
s
o
in
s
tallin
g
th
is
lam
p
alm
o
s
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
I
n
2
0
1
2
,
Getu
an
d
Attia
[
8
]
s
tu
d
ied
e
n
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
b
y
r
e
p
lacin
g
o
r
d
in
ar
y
lam
p
s
with
ef
f
icien
t L
E
D
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lam
p
s
in
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
t
em
.
b)
A
tim
er
ad
ju
s
ts
th
e
lam
p
'
s
tu
r
n
-
o
n
s
ch
ed
u
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
n
ee
d
s
Attia
an
d
Getu
[
9
]
h
av
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
L
E
D
lig
h
ts
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
t
im
er
t
o
r
eg
u
late
its
life
tim
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
le
ctu
r
e
s
ch
ed
u
le.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
i
n
a
class
r
o
o
m
,
t
h
e
tim
er
is
s
et
to
tu
r
n
o
n
t
h
e
lig
h
t
s
witch
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
lectu
r
e
tim
e
a
n
d
tu
r
n
o
f
f
th
e
lig
h
t
s
witch
o
u
ts
id
e
lectu
r
e
h
o
u
r
s
o
r
wh
en
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
b
etwe
en
2
lectu
r
e
s
ch
e
d
u
les.
c)
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
r
eg
u
late
o
n
/o
f
f
li
g
h
ts
T
wo
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
i
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
to
d
a
y
:
m
o
tio
n
a
n
d
illu
m
in
atio
n
[
1
0
]
.
Mo
ti
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
u
ally
u
s
e
p
ass
iv
e
in
f
r
ar
e
d
(
PIR)
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
d
etec
t
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
ce
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
in
r
o
o
m
s
a
n
d
b
u
ild
in
g
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
r
elay
s
to
tu
r
n
o
n
o
r
t
u
r
n
o
f
f
t
h
e
lig
h
ts
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
illu
m
in
a
tio
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
u
ally
u
s
e
lig
h
t
-
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
r
esis
to
r
(
L
DR
)
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
d
etec
t
th
e
a
v
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t,
wh
ich
is
g
e
n
er
ally
u
s
ed
to
tu
r
n
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
o
n
o
r
o
f
f
.
d)
T
h
e
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
a
lig
h
t
-
d
im
m
in
g
m
eth
o
d
A
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
a
lig
h
t
-
d
im
m
in
g
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
u
tili
ze
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t
[
1
2
]
.
Usi
n
g
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t c
an
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
el
ec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
lig
h
ts
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t ty
p
es o
f
lam
p
s
[
2
4
]
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
La
mp
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
TL
C
F
L
LED
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
Lu
me
n
/
W
a
t
t
)
5
5
-
65
6
0
-
70
1
0
0
-
1
5
0
Li
f
e
t
i
me
(
h
o
u
r
s)
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
-
3
0
0
0
0
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
T
he
o
bje
ct
o
f
s
t
ud
y
T
h
e
o
b
ject
o
f
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
th
e
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
B
u
ild
in
g
,
U
n
iv
er
s
itas
An
d
alas,
wh
ich
is
in
th
e
L
im
a
u
Ma
n
ih
ar
ea
,
Pad
a
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
T
h
is
b
u
ild
in
g
h
as
a
lo
ca
tio
n
with
c
o
o
r
d
in
ates
0
°5
4
'
5
0
.
5
"S
1
0
0
°2
7
'
5
4
.
0
"E
.
U
s
e
th
e
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t'
s
m
in
i
lib
r
ar
y
(
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
o
o
m
)
o
n
th
e
3
r
d
f
lo
o
r
as
a
s
am
p
le
r
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u
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etch
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Fig
u
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e
1
(
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.
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h
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icted
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ile
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3
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2
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T
o
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ed
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tin
g
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r
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g
th
e
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te
n
s
ity
o
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r
al
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h
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ar
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iv
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at
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e
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r
k
p
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in
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e
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is
n
ec
ess
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n
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ield
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,
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u
r
e
1
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b
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.
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A,
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ter
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ter
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Me
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Fig
u
r
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1
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(
a)
ae
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3
.
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3
.
1
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L
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ig
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ally
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ar
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8
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C
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r
th
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ased
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SNI
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,
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r
eq
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ir
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th
e
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5
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x
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r
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0
0
.
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x
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9
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ased
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]
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f
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ici
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ed
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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h
e
r
o
o
m
is
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i
v
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n
to
th
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n
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ased
o
n
th
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
o
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n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
c
o
m
in
g
in
to
e
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er
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ar
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o
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e
r
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o
m
.
Z
one
A
h
as o
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e
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o
w
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th
e
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o
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s
t sid
e,
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u
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e
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ee
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ck
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h
t f
r
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m
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ter
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e
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o
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Z
o
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e
B
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wh
er
e
th
e
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
s
o
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r
ce
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m
es
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r
o
m
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d
o
w
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ea
s
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r
in
g
3
.
6
x
1
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8
m
eter
s
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n
d
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s
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u
cted
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y
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ee
s
.
Z
o
n
e
C
is
a
zo
n
e
th
at
h
as
two
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o
ws
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ith
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d
ir
e
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n
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at
u
r
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h
t
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r
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f
r
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m
t
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at
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e
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n
t
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n
at
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h
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e
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3
.
3
.
2
.
Co
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l
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s
t
em
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ig
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Fig
u
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e
3
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s
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ates
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e
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n
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t
o
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th
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r
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V
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e
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m
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e.
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h
e
v
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e
ap
p
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e
r
s
to
th
e
s
tan
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ar
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m
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n
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alu
e
f
o
r
a
r
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d
in
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r
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o
m
o
f
3
5
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x
.
T
h
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alu
e
r
elate
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e
SNI
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tan
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a
r
d
[
2
6
]
.
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h
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n
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u
t
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la
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h
o
p
p
er
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
v
o
ltag
e
to
th
e
lig
h
ts
(
V
L
)
.
T
h
e
in
ten
s
i
ty
o
f
lig
h
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
la
m
p
(
ε
L
)
ad
d
e
d
to
t
h
e
N
E
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
65
7
-
67
2
662
illu
m
in
an
ce
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
t
(
ε
0
)
is
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
lig
h
t
in
th
e
r
o
o
m
(
ε
v
)
.
T
h
is
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
will
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ag
ain
as
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Utilizin
g
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
ak
es
all
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
lan
t,
PW
M,
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
ea
s
ier
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t a
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
i
g
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
d
esi
g
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
t
em
3
.
4
.
Ca
lcula
t
i
o
n o
f
elec
t
ricit
y
co
ns
um
ptio
n sa
v
ing
s
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
b
ject
is
to
s
av
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
lam
p
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
p
o
wer
cu
r
v
e
P
(
t)
o
v
e
r
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
e
x
p
r
ess
es
th
e
elec
tr
ic
en
er
g
y
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
a
lam
p
:
=
∫
(
)
0
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f th
e
effec
t o
f e
n
viro
n
men
ta
l c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
e
n
erg
y
s
a
vin
g
s
in
lig
h
tin
g
…
(
R
efd
in
a
l Na
z
ir
)
663
W
h
er
e
E
L
is
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
lam
p
d
u
r
in
g
tim
e
t
0
to
t
n
;
an
d
P
L
(
t)
is
e
lectr
ic
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lam
p
at
tim
e
t.
T
h
e
(
1
)
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
n
u
m
er
ically
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
r
ap
ez
o
id
al
m
eth
o
d
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
P
L
(
t)
cu
r
v
e
is
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
n
s
eg
m
en
ts
with
th
e
s
am
e
wid
th
as
ea
ch
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
E
ac
h
s
eg
m
e
n
t is a
tr
ap
ez
o
id
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
la
n
e
with
p
ar
allel
s
id
es
P
(t
i
)
&
P(t
i+
1
)
an
d
h
eig
h
t
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
la
m
p
p
o
wer
f
u
n
cti
o
n
P
L
(
t)
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
m
eth
o
d
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
(
1
)
is
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
u
p
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
tr
a
p
ez
o
id
f
o
r
all
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
,
as sh
o
wn
b
y
(
2
)
.
=
∑
ℎ
{
(
)
+
(
+
1
)
)
}
2
=
0
(
2
)
T
o
ca
lcu
late
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
av
in
g
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
zo
n
e
,
we
f
ir
s
t
n
ee
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lig
h
ts
in
s
talled
in
ea
ch
zo
n
e
is
s
ix
lam
p
s
with
a
p
o
wer
o
f
9
w
atts
ea
ch
,
s
o
th
e
to
tal
p
o
we
r
p
er
zo
n
e
is
5
4
W
atts
.
B
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
m
eth
o
d
,
it
is
as
s
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
lig
h
ts
ar
e
o
n
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
1
0
h
o
u
r
s
if
th
e
r
o
o
m
is
o
p
en
ed
s
o
th
at
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
th
e
lig
h
ts
is
5
4
0
W
h
;
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
ti
lity
s
u
p
p
ly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
is
v
alu
e.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
p
er
c
en
tag
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
s
av
i
n
g
s
p
er
d
ay
f
o
r
ea
c
h
zo
n
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
f
r
o
m
(
3
)
.
=
−
×
100%
(
3
)
3
.
5
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
s
et
up
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
d
esig
n
was
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
d
ir
e
ctly
in
th
e
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
o
o
m
,
wh
ich
was
u
s
ed
as
a
s
am
p
le
o
b
ject
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
test
v
ar
iab
le
s
,
wh
ich
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
r
o
o
m
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
lev
el
(
v
)
,
d
u
ty
cy
cle
(
)
,
lam
p
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
L
)
,
an
d
lam
p
p
o
wer
(
P
L
)
,
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
,
as sh
o
w
n
b
y
th
e
cir
cu
it
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
ec
o
r
d
in
g
t
est d
a
ta
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t e
v
e
r
y
f
i
v
e
m
in
u
tes.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
d
esig
n
ar
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
a
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
d
e
v
ices
m
ad
e
an
d
in
s
talled
in
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
r
o
o
m
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
a
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
l
am
p
d
im
m
er
au
to
m
atio
n
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
th
at
z
o
n
e
C
h
a
d
n
o
a
r
tific
ial
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
lam
p
s
b
ec
au
s
e
3
5
0
lu
x
was
m
et,
wh
ile
zo
n
e
B
an
d
A
s
till
n
ee
d
ed
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
lam
p
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
T
he
m
ea
s
urem
ent
re
s
ults o
f
inte
ns
it
y
na
t
ura
l lig
ht
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
t a
r
r
iv
in
g
at
wo
r
k
p
o
in
ts
in
zo
n
e
s
A,
B
,
an
d
C
.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
g
r
ap
h
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
o
n
T
u
esd
ay
,
1
4
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
d
u
r
in
g
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
:
0
8
.
0
0
AM
–
0
4
.
0
0
PM.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
l
ig
h
t
ar
r
i
v
in
g
at
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
in
zo
n
e
C
g
iv
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
alu
e.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
li
g
h
t
at
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
in
z
o
n
e
A
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
m
allest
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
t
to
en
ter
ea
ch
zo
n
e.
I
n
zo
n
e
C
,
n
a
tu
r
al
lig
h
t
ca
n
en
ter
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
th
e
g
lass
win
d
o
w,
an
d
n
o
o
b
jects
o
r
tr
ee
s
ar
e
b
lo
ck
in
g
it f
r
o
m
en
ter
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
65
7
-
67
2
664
Me
an
wh
ile,
in
zo
n
e
A,
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
en
ter
s
o
n
ly
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
g
lass
win
d
o
w,
an
d
a
tr
ee
in
f
r
o
n
t
b
lo
ck
s
it.
W
ea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
also
g
r
ea
tly
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
th
at
r
ea
c
h
es
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t.
Su
n
n
y
wea
th
e
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wi
ll
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
lig
h
t
co
m
in
g
t
o
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t
,
w
h
ile
r
ain
y
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
will
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
s
u
n
'
s
e
lev
atio
n
an
g
le
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
th
at
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t.
I
n
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
,
wh
en
t
h
e
s
u
n
is
at
a
s
lig
h
t
elev
atio
n
an
g
le,
th
e
n
atu
r
al
li
g
h
t
th
at
co
m
es
to
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t
is
les
s
th
an
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
wh
en
th
e
s
u
n
's
elev
atio
n
an
g
le
is
ar
o
u
n
d
90
o
.
L
ik
ewise,
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
w
h
en
th
e
s
u
n
is
at
an
ele
v
atio
n
an
g
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
a
s
h
ar
p
d
ec
r
ea
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e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
ten
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ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
r
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ch
in
g
wo
r
k
p
o
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ts
in
zo
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e
C
d
u
r
i
n
g
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
b
etwe
en
1
0
a
n
d
1
6
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
f
o
r
o
n
e
wee
k
,
th
e
in
t
en
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
li
g
h
t
r
ea
c
h
in
g
wo
r
k
p
o
in
ts
i
n
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
an
d
af
ter
n
o
o
n
is
q
u
ite
lar
g
e,
wh
ile
th
e
s
m
allest n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
o
cc
u
r
s
ar
o
u
n
d
4
AM
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
ir
cu
it a
n
d
p
h
o
to
g
r
a
p
h
test
s
: (
a)
cir
cu
it test,
(
b
)
h
a
r
d
war
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
in
s
talled
in
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
r
o
o
m
,
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d
(
c)
a
d
escr
ip
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n
o
f
th
e
co
n
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itio
n
o
f
th
e
lib
r
a
r
y
r
o
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m
with
a
lig
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g
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
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lysi
s
o
f th
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effec
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ta
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a
l Na
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Fig
u
r
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6
.
T
h
e
in
ten
s
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o
f
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atu
r
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lig
h
t r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
i
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
r
ea
c
h
in
g
t
h
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t in
zo
n
e
C
f
o
r
o
n
e
wee
k
4
.
2
.
T
est
re
s
ults o
f
pro
po
s
e
d sy
s
t
em
des
ig
n
4
.
2
.
1
.
M
o
nito
ring
re
s
ults o
f
t
est
v
a
ria
bles
Fo
u
r
v
ar
ia
b
les
ar
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
test
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
y
s
tem
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
lev
el
at
th
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
(
v
)
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
a
r
iab
le,
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
(
)
,
an
d
lam
p
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
L
)
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
v
ar
iab
le.
I
n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
th
e
lam
p
'
s
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
(
P
L
)
is
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ar
ia
b
le.
Fig
u
r
es
8
(
a
)
an
d
8
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
esu
lts
o
f
test
v
ar
iab
les o
n
5
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
at
zo
n
e
B
wo
r
k
p
o
i
n
t.
4
.
2
.
2
.
T
he
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
wo
rk
ing
po
int
po
s
it
io
n o
n r
o
o
m
lig
ht
inte
ns
it
y
a
nd
la
m
p po
wer
T
h
e
r
o
o
m
u
s
ed
as
th
e
o
b
ject
o
f
s
tu
d
y
is
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
zo
n
e
A
,
zo
n
e
B
,
a
n
d
z
o
n
e
C
.
Fig
u
r
es
9
(
a
)
,
9
(
b
)
an
d
9
(
c
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ea
c
h
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t
in
zo
n
es
A,
B
,
an
d
C
o
n
Frid
ay
,
1
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
.
T
o
d
ay
,
th
e
wea
th
er
is
s
u
n
n
y
a
n
d
clo
u
d
y
f
r
o
m
m
o
r
n
in
g
u
n
til n
o
o
n
,
s
tar
tin
g
at
0
2
.
3
0
AM
,
an
d
th
e
wea
th
e
r
b
ec
o
m
e
s
clo
u
d
y
an
d
r
ain
y
af
te
r
0
4
.
0
0
PM.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
a
an
d
9
b
,
f
r
o
m
0
8
.
0
0
AM
to
0
2
.
3
0
PM,
o
n
a
v
er
ag
e,
at
wo
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k
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g
p
o
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ts
in
zo
n
es
A
an
d
B
,
th
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
ap
p
licab
le
s
tan
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ar
d
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
at
3
5
0
lu
x
.
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n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
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n
s
is
ten
tly
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
ap
p
licab
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
at
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
in
z
o
n
e
C
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c
)
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
a
r
r
iv
in
g
in
zo
n
e
C
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
tar
g
et,
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
e
ctio
n
4
.
1
.
Fr
o
m
m
o
r
n
in
g
u
n
til
n
o
o
n
,
f
o
r
wo
r
k
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
zo
n
e
A,
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
lam
p
o
n
ly
s
lig
h
tly
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
u
s
ed
.
At
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
i
n
t
zo
n
e
B
,
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
lam
p
p
o
wer
is
q
u
ite
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t,
wh
ile
at
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
z
o
n
e
C
,
th
e
lam
p
p
o
wer
is
alwa
y
s
ze
r
o
,
o
r
th
e
lig
h
t
is
alwa
y
s
o
f
f
.
T
h
en
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
af
te
r
n
o
o
n
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ch
an
g
e
d
to
r
ain
,
th
e
illu
m
in
an
ce
lev
el
(
ε
v
)
at
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
all
zo
n
es
d
id
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
lig
h
ts
wer
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
at
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
65
7
-
67
2
666
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
test
v
ar
iab
les:
(
a)
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
(
)
&
lam
p
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
L
)
an
d
(
b
)
lig
h
t i
n
ten
s
ity
(
v
)
&
lam
p
p
o
wer
(
P
L
)
4
.
2
.
3
.
T
he
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
wea
t
her
c
o
nd
it
io
ns
o
n r
o
o
m
lig
ht
inte
ns
it
y
a
nd
la
m
p po
wer
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
s
ee
Ap
p
e
n
d
ix
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
test
r
e
s
u
lts
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
lam
p
p
o
wer
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
c
o
n
s
ec
u
tiv
ely
f
o
r
s
ev
en
d
ay
s
,
s
tar
tin
g
2
8
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
3
u
n
til
5
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
wh
ich
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
wo
r
k
i
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
at
zo
n
e
C
.
T
h
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
test
h
av
e
b
ee
n
tab
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
clea
r
,
s
u
n
n
y
,
an
d
clo
u
d
y
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
r
ea
ch
in
g
zo
n
e
C
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
r
o
o
m
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
3
5
0
lu
x
,
s
o
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
will
ca
u
s
e
all
t
h
e
la
m
p
s
to
b
e
o
f
f
.
T
h
is
c
o
n
d
itio
n
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
o
n
2
8
No
v
em
b
er
a
n
d
2
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
in
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
an
d
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
0
(
a
)
an
d
1
0
(
b
)
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
wh
en
th
e
r
o
o
m
is
o
p
en
e
d
i
n
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
,
th
e
lam
p
s
co
m
e
o
n
f
o
r
a
f
ew
m
in
u
tes,
th
en
tu
r
n
o
f
f
af
ter
n
o
o
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
0
(
a)
,
1
0
(
c)
,
a
n
d
1
0
(
d
)
.
T
h
e
s
u
n
'
s
ele
v
atio
n
an
g
le
is
s
till
tin
y
in
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
,
s
o
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
n
a
tu
r
al
lig
h
t
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
o
in
t
is
b
elo
w
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
3
5
0
l
u
x
)
.
On
3
0
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
as
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
e)
,
th
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
will
b
e
clo
u
d
y
in
th
e
m
o
r
n
in
g
,
o
v
e
r
ca
s
t
an
d
d
r
izzly
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
an
d
clo
u
d
y
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
.
I
t
is
th
e
d
ay
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
test
in
g
p
er
io
d
wh
en
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
n
atu
r
al
lig
h
t
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
w
o
r
k
p
o
i
n
t
is
th
e
s
m
allest,
s
o
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
in
th
e
wh
o
le
z
o
n
e
is
alm
o
s
t
all
d
ay
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
e
test
p
er
io
d
,
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
af
ter
0
4
.
0
0
AM
,
th
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
wer
e
alwa
y
s
clo
u
d
y
an
d
r
ain
y
,
s
o
th
is
ca
u
s
ed
th
e
lig
h
t i
n
ten
s
ity
lev
el
in
th
e
r
o
o
m
n
o
t to
r
ea
ch
th
e
tar
g
et
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
all
th
e
lig
h
ts
wer
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
0
(
f
)
an
d
1
0
(
b
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.