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DC
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I
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ab
lin
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tu
d
en
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er
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e,
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r
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a
n
d
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
with
cir
c
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it
co
n
f
i
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u
r
atio
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d
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tr
o
l
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o
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ith
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Su
ch
h
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d
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p
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r
e
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r
id
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etw
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r
etica
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lear
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d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
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wh
ile
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o
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ter
in
g
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
k
ills
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
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ter
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im
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le
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ter
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it
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ically
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le
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ad
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atin
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k
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th
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ir
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o
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r
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h
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ad
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ts
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y
co
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in
in
g
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d
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ac
tical
lear
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le
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en
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m
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lex
ities
o
f
m
o
d
er
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ee
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
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r
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o
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r
iv
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2.
F
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ically
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q
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ad
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th
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ac
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ab
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co
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atin
g
f
o
r
war
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an
d
r
ev
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e
d
ir
ec
tio
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s
[
1
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
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ates th
e
f
o
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r
-
q
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t
o
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al
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r
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atility
.
2
.
1
.
Q
ua
dra
nt
1
:
f
o
rwa
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mo
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ring
I
n
th
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f
ir
s
t
q
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a
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o
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p
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m
ac
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ates
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m
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m
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k
n
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wn
as
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
to
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wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
a
p
p
licatio
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s
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ch
as
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icles
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d
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s
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ial
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ey
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r
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s
wh
er
e
th
e
r
o
tatio
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alig
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o
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itiv
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f
o
r
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o
r
wa
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d
m
o
tio
n
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
2
.
2
.
Q
ua
dra
nt
2
:
f
o
rwa
rd
bra
k
ing
I
n
th
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u
t
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ativ
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o
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e
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ep
r
esen
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o
r
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ak
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ts
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m
t
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to
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e,
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h
e
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tr
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ch
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in
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y
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y
o
r
d
is
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ip
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to
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e
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y
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Fo
r
war
d
b
r
a
k
in
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cr
u
cial
in
s
ce
n
ar
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s
r
eq
u
ir
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d
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r
gy
r
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u
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as r
e
g
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ak
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s
y
s
tem
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in
elec
tr
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d
h
y
b
r
id
v
eh
icles [
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
2
.
3
.
Q
ua
dra
nt
3
:
re
v
er
s
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m
o
t
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ring
T
h
e
th
ir
d
q
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ter
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n
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ativ
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s
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n
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I
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th
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m
ac
h
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m
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co
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v
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g
elec
tr
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in
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o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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I
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N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
n
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in
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r
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(
R
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a
h
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)
47
b
ac
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d
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Similar
to
t
h
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f
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t
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[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
4
.
Q
ua
dra
nt
4
:
re
v
er
s
e
bra
k
ing
I
n
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t,
th
e
s
p
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d
is
n
eg
ativ
e
wh
ile
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
is
p
o
s
itiv
e.
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
o
p
er
ates
in
a
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
r
ev
er
s
e
m
o
tio
n
,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
b
ac
k
in
to
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
r
e
v
er
s
e
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e
is
s
im
ilar
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
b
u
t
ap
p
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r
o
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T
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ef
lects
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f
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h
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u
r
in
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T
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m
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d
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f
o
r
co
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tr
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ak
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ater
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ec
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eq
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i
r
ed
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Op
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es o
f
d
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g
m
ac
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E
ac
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ap
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icles
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em
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d
s
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co
r
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co
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ter
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im
u
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o
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if
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en
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f
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3.
T
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Fig
u
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u
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3
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atic
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1
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20
2
5
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48
3
.
1
.
T
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A:
o
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dra
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1
T
h
e
f
ir
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t
q
u
ad
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t
o
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r
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m
o
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g
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h
e
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atic
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in
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u
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ates
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as
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s
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ated
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u
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4
(
a)
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ig
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r
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ts
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r
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en
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s
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ly
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ativ
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as
ill
u
s
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ated
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u
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e
4
(
b
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,
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y
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s
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d
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3
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m
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n
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s
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m
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g
o
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e
m
o
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.
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also
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r
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im
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l
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etu
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en
a
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er
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e
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m
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e
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s
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it
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,
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o
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h
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d
s
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o
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ce
.
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
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atic
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A
:
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5
illu
s
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ates
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PS
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to
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ad
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o
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d
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o
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g
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th
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m
o
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n
AC
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at
2
3
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to
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o
v
id
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h
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
in
cl
u
d
es
a
v
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V)
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d
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eter
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I
1
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to
m
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s
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r
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th
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in
p
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t
v
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r
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esp
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wh
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is
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ar
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d
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f
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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n
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ic
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ig
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to
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tifie
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DC
s
u
p
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ly
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th
e
m
o
to
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T
h
e
m
o
to
r
,
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
m
o
d
el,
o
p
e
r
ates
in
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
to
r
i
n
g
m
o
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e,
c
o
n
v
er
ti
n
g
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
.
An
ad
d
it
io
n
al
am
m
eter
(
I
2
)
an
d
v
o
ltm
e
ter
ar
e
p
lace
d
af
ter
th
e
r
ec
tifie
r
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
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n
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
li
ed
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
l
o
ad
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
d
ep
icted
with
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t t
o
o
ls
to
m
o
n
ito
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
PS
I
M
-
b
ased
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
allo
ws
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
v
is
u
alize
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
AC
to
DC
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tifie
r
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
n
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
in
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
1
.
B
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
an
g
les
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
ain
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
in
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
d
esire
d
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
PS
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M
e
n
h
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ce
s
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
b
r
id
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in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
PS
I
M
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
Q1
o
p
e
r
atio
n
3
.
2
.
T
he
co
m
pu
t
er
s
im
ula
t
io
n m
o
du
le
B
:
o
pera
t
io
n o
f
qu
a
dra
nt
4
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
th
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
o
p
er
atio
n
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
l
v
es
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
.
Her
e,
th
e
DC
m
ac
h
in
e
o
p
er
ates
in
r
ev
er
s
e,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
ad
b
ac
k
in
t
o
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
o
f
DC
m
ac
h
in
e
1
is
s
et
to
r
o
tate
in
t
h
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
d
ir
e
ctio
n
,
with
en
e
r
g
y
f
lo
win
g
f
r
o
m
DC
m
ac
h
in
e
2
to
DC
m
ac
h
in
e
1
an
d
th
en
b
ac
k
i
n
to
th
e
m
ain
s
AC
s
u
p
p
ly
v
ia
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Fo
r
th
is
m
o
d
u
le,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
t
h
y
r
is
to
r
to
α
=
1
5
5
°,
s
ettin
g
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
to
tu
r
n
o
v
er
at
a
lo
wer
s
p
ee
d
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
DC
m
a
ch
in
e
2
ac
ts
as
a
m
o
to
r
,
d
r
iv
i
n
g
DC
m
ac
h
in
e
1
,
wh
ich
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
n
e
g
ativ
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Stu
d
en
ts
m
u
s
t
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
r
o
ta
tio
n
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
n
eg
ativ
e
wh
ile
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t r
e
m
ain
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
[
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
am
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
(
Q4
)
o
p
er
atio
n
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
r
ev
e
r
s
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
in
a
n
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
s
etu
p
s
im
u
lates
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
u
s
in
g
an
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
V
AC
)
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
.
A
v
o
ltm
eter
(
V)
a
n
d
a
n
am
m
eter
(
A)
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
cir
c
u
it,
ess
en
tial
to
t
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
(
T
1
,
T
2
,
T
3
,
an
d
T
4
)
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
c
on
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
with
th
eir
g
ate
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
cir
cu
its
(
G1
,
G
2
,
G3
,
an
d
G4
)
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
ir
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
e
,
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
T
2
an
d
T
3
co
n
d
u
ct
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
alf
-
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
AC
in
p
u
t
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
wh
ile
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
T
1
an
d
T
4
co
n
d
u
ct
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
h
alf
-
cy
cle
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
allo
win
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
to
f
lo
w
in
a
m
an
n
er
th
at
c
o
n
v
er
ts
DC
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
to
AC
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
(
M1
)
in
th
is
s
etu
p
o
p
e
r
ates
as a
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
e
r
g
y
b
ac
k
in
to
ele
ctr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
m
o
d
e
is
in
d
ica
ted
b
y
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
-
VE
)
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
e
m
o
v
er
(
M2
)
,
p
o
we
r
ed
b
y
a
2
2
0
V
DC
s
u
p
p
ly
,
d
r
iv
es
th
e
m
o
to
r
(
M1
)
.
As
M1
o
p
er
ates
in
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
m
o
d
e
,
it
g
e
n
er
ates
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
wh
ic
h
f
lo
ws
b
ac
k
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
A
wattm
eter
(
W
)
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
to
r
an
d
f
e
d
b
ac
k
to
th
e
AC
s
u
p
p
ly
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
v
o
ltm
eter
a
n
d
an
am
m
eter
,
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
cir
cu
it
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
d
esig
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
PS
I
M
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
Q4
)
o
p
er
atio
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
in
an
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
el,
an
AC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
ltm
eter
(
V)
an
d
am
m
eter
(
I
1
)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
5
:
45
-
54
50
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
is
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
cir
c
u
it,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
f
o
u
r
t
h
y
r
is
to
r
s
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
g
ate
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
p
u
ls
es f
o
r
th
ese
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
ar
e
s
et
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
g
les:
1
5
5
° to
1
8
0
° f
o
r
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
alf
-
c
y
cle
an
d
3
3
5
° to
3
6
0
° f
o
r
th
o
s
e
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
h
alf
-
cy
cle,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
DC
to
AC
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
le
B
:
(
a)
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
(
b
)
n
eg
ativ
e
cy
cle
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
Q
4
o
p
e
r
atio
n
Du
r
in
g
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
th
at
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
to
an
AC
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
in
th
is
s
etu
p
o
p
er
ates
as
a
g
en
er
ato
r
,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
b
ac
k
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
-
VE
)
ac
r
o
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th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
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r
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M
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,
d
r
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V
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
in
elec
tr
ic
d
r
ive
s
ystems
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
teg
r
a
ted
…
(
R
a
h
imi B
a
h
a
r
o
m
)
51
d
r
iv
es
t
h
e
m
o
t
o
r
(
M1
)
.
I
n
r
ev
e
r
s
e
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e
,
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
g
en
er
ates
ele
ct
r
ic
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
w
h
i
ch
is
f
e
d
b
ac
k
i
n
t
o
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
.
A
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
a
l
a
m
m
ete
r
(
I
2
)
a
n
d
v
o
lt
m
e
te
r
a
r
e
p
la
c
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ci
r
c
u
it
to
m
o
n
it
o
r
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
te
r
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
ese
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
a
v
is
u
al
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
an
ts
.
B
y
an
al
y
zin
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
,
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
im
en
tin
g
with
co
n
t
r
o
l
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
ain
p
r
ac
tical
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
PS
I
M
-
b
as
ed
s
im
u
latio
n
s
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
en
ab
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
u
ltima
tely
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
th
em
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
ies
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ch
allen
g
es in
m
o
d
er
n
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
tech
n
ical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
eir
im
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
e
n
h
an
cin
g
t
h
eo
r
etic
al
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
PS
I
M
s
o
f
twar
e,
wh
ich
e
n
ab
led
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
p
er
ati
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
8
a
n
d
9
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
Q1
)
an
d
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
an
t (
Q
4
)
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
v
alid
ate
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ex
er
ci
s
es.
4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
f
o
r
f
irst
qu
a
dra
nt
o
pera
t
io
n
(
Q
1
)
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
o
p
er
atio
n
(
Q
1
)
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
to
r
in
g
m
o
d
e
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
b
o
t
h
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
d
is
p
lay
e
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
alu
es,
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
wer
e
also
p
o
s
itiv
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
m
a
ch
in
e
o
p
e
r
ated
as
a
m
o
to
r
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
e
n
er
g
y
t
o
d
r
iv
e
t
h
e
lo
ad
f
o
r
war
d
.
T
h
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
m
o
o
th
an
d
s
tab
le
b
eh
av
io
r
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
’
s
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t,
wh
ich
m
in
im
ized
th
e
r
ip
p
les i
n
th
e
r
ec
tifie
d
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
ed
ict
io
n
s
th
at
in
Q1
,
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
to
r
in
g
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
we
r
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
t
o
th
e
lo
ad
.
Stu
d
en
ts
g
ain
ed
an
in
-
d
ep
th
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
to
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
ese
r
esu
lts
.
Ob
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
in
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
th
y
r
is
to
r
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
a
n
g
les,
wav
ef
o
r
m
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
m
o
to
r
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
ex
er
cise
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
co
r
r
elate
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
i
n
cip
les
with
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
.
4
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
f
o
r
f
o
urt
h
qu
a
dra
nt
o
pera
t
io
n (
Q
4
)
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
an
t
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
co
n
v
er
ts
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
b
ac
k
i
n
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
t
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
es
wh
ile
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
em
ai
n
ed
p
o
s
itiv
e.
T
h
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
o
p
e
r
ated
as a
g
en
er
at
o
r
,
f
ee
d
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
b
ac
k
in
t
o
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
eo
r
etica
l
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
ak
in
g
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
is
r
ev
er
s
ed
.
T
h
e
t
r
ig
g
er
in
g
an
g
les
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
wer
e
ac
c
u
r
ately
ad
ju
s
ted
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
tim
in
g
an
d
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
T
h
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t
clea
r
ly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
en
er
g
y
r
e
co
v
er
y
,
a
cr
itical
f
ea
tu
r
e
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
r
eg
e
n
er
ati
v
e
b
r
ak
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
s
im
u
latio
n
ex
er
cise e
n
ab
l
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
en
er
g
y
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es in
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
es.
B
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
ain
ed
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
r
eg
en
er
ativ
e
b
r
a
k
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
.
T
h
ey
also
l
ea
r
n
e
d
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
wav
ef
o
r
m
p
o
lar
ity
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
in
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
d
esire
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
es
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
b
o
th
s
im
u
latio
n
s
em
p
h
asize
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
in
e
n
h
a
n
cin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
an
d
m
an
i
p
u
late
wav
e
f
o
r
m
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
aly
ze
ci
r
cu
it
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
an
d
ev
alu
ate
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
r
o
b
u
s
t p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
l
ea
r
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
in
en
h
an
cin
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
alig
n
ed
clo
s
ely
with
th
e
o
r
e
tical
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PS
I
M
m
o
d
e
ls
in
r
ep
licatin
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ele
ctr
ic
d
r
iv
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
b
r
id
g
ed
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
r
eti
ca
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
with
th
e
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
b
y
m
an
ip
u
latin
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
th
y
r
is
to
r
tr
ig
g
e
r
in
g
a
n
g
les
an
d
an
al
y
zin
g
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
c
h
an
g
es
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
ed
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
ch
allen
g
es in
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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h
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s
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d
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DC
v
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ltag
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s
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d
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c
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cu
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
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lec
&
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i Sy
s
t
I
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6
9
4
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
in
elec
tr
ic
d
r
ive
s
ystems
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
teg
r
a
ted
…
(
R
a
h
imi B
a
h
a
r
o
m
)
53
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
in
to
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
s
af
e
a
n
d
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
e
x
p
lo
r
i
n
g
co
m
p
lex
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ca
n
v
is
u
alize
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
ar
am
ete
r
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
r
ei
n
f
o
r
cin
g
th
eir
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
o
f
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
r
in
ci
p
les.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
im
p
r
o
v
es
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eten
tio
n
b
u
t
also
p
r
ep
ar
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
c
o
u
ld
ex
ten
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
to
i
n
clu
d
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
q
u
ad
r
an
ts
,
ad
v
an
c
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
m
u
lti
-
m
ac
h
in
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
im
u
latio
n
to
o
ls
an
d
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
-
in
-
th
e
-
l
o
o
p
(
HI
L
)
s
etu
p
s
c
o
u
ld
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
r
ich
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
clo
s
er
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
at
io
n
to
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
two
-
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
s
in
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
f
u
lly
co
n
tr
o
lled
two
-
p
u
ls
e
b
r
id
g
e
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
(
f
o
r
war
d
m
o
t
o
r
in
g
)
an
d
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
r
ev
er
s
e
b
r
ak
i
n
g
)
,
en
ab
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
th
ese
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
es.
B
y
s
ettin
g
p
r
ec
is
e
f
ir
in
g
an
g
les
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
es
o
f
0°
˂
α
˂
90°
f
o
r
r
ec
tifie
r
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
90°
˂
α
˂
180°
f
o
r
in
v
e
r
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
a
b
le
t
o
o
b
s
er
v
e
an
d
v
er
if
y
th
e
ex
p
e
cted
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
il
es,
alig
n
in
g
clo
s
ely
with
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
es,
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
jec
tiv
es
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
two
-
p
u
ls
e
b
r
id
g
e
cir
cu
it
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
an
d
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
to
DC
m
ac
h
in
es.
T
h
is
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
r
id
g
e
d
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
s
'
tech
n
ical
s
k
ill
s
an
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
I
t
also
p
r
ep
ar
ed
th
em
to
tack
le
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
ch
alle
n
g
es
with
co
n
f
id
en
ce
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
les
in
to
th
e
el
ec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
,
as
th
e
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
en
g
ag
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
co
m
p
lex
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
B
y
en
ab
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
er
im
en
t
with
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
a
n
a
ly
ze
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
co
r
r
elate
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
in
ci
p
les
with
p
r
ac
tical
b
eh
av
io
r
,
th
ese
m
o
d
u
les
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
l
ea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
co
u
ld
ex
ten
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
u
le
t
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
o
u
r
-
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
im
u
latio
n
to
o
ls
,
f
u
r
th
er
en
r
i
ch
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
an
d
alig
n
in
g
with
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
in
ce
r
ely
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k
n
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le
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t
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r
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th
e
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o
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f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
AR
A,
Sh
ah
Alam
,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
wh
ich
h
as g
r
ea
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
ed
to
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
H
u
g
h
e
s
a
n
d
B
.
D
r
u
r
y
,
“
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p
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4
t
h
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d
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t
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o
.
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
2
]
R
.
K
r
i
s
h
n
a
n
,
“
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l
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r
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g
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n
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a
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,
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i
n
Pre
n
t
i
c
e
H
a
l
l
,
2
0
0
1
.
[
3
]
D
.
H
a
n
se
l
ma
n
,
Br
u
sh
l
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p
e
rm
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n
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t
m
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n
.
2
0
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3
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[
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n
l
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e
]
.
A
v
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m
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p
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s/
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1
/
[
4
]
H
.
R
.
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
,
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
ro
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r
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t
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e
v
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p
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e
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n
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c
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n
,
2
0
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4
.
[
5
]
V
.
A
n
d
r
é
,
W
.
D
u
c
o
,
P
.
J.
,
a
n
d
D
.
R
w
,
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n
d
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s o
f
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e
c
t
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l
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ri
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s
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v
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l
.
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9
.
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n
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o
w
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l
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2
9
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o
r
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t
:
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p
r
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1.
[
6
]
G
.
Le
i
,
J.
Z
h
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n
d
Y
.
G
u
o
,
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[
7
]
I
.
H
u
sai
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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c
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d
s,
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h
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l
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s,
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n
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ro
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,
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2
.
[
8
]
F
.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
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e
s
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g
n
,
mo
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l
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g
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l
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l
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l
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,
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n
El
e
c
t
r
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c
V
e
h
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l
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o
m
p
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d
C
h
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r
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h
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s:
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e
si
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n
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m
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m
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l
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.
[
9
]
Z
.
K
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n
g
,
Z
.
Q
i
u
,
Y
.
K
a
n
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u
a
n
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,
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.
W
a
n
g
,
a
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L
.
Z
h
a
o
,
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n
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e
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[
1
0
]
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.
I
s
h
m
a
t
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v
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m
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n
2
0
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1
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t
h
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n
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[
1
1
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A
.
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g
a
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b
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n
,
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[
1
2
]
D
.
W
.
J
.
P
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R
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D
h
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a
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i
,
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[
1
3
]
P
.
P
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n
c
e
,
R
.
R
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m
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r
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z
,
M
.
S
.
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,
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.
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a
,
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.
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C
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y
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.
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sca
n
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o
,
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r
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[
1
4
]
S
.
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u
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.
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.
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o
f
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
iv
e
s,
i
n
d
u
stri
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
in
d
u
strial
e
le
c
tro
n
ics
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
h
imi6
5
7
9
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
No
r
a
z
la
n
H
a
shi
m
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UTM
)
,
S
k
u
d
a
i
in
2
0
2
2
.
He
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
(UM)
,
Ku
a
la
Lu
m
p
u
r,
i
n
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
0
7
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
se
n
i
o
r
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
t
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
(UiTM
),
S
h
a
h
Ala
m
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
i
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
a
rti
ficia
l
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
,
a
n
d
P
V
sy
ste
m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
z
lan
4
4
7
7
@u
i
tm.e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Na
e
e
m
M.
S
.
H
a
n
n
o
o
n
is
a
n
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
e
d
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
wi
th
d
i
v
e
rse
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
field
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
He
sp
e
n
t
fo
u
r
y
e
a
rs
a
t
a
th
e
rm
a
l
p
o
we
r
p
lan
t
in
Ku
wa
it
,
fo
c
u
sin
g
o
n
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
,
tro
u
b
les
h
o
o
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
sc
h
e
d
u
l
in
g
fo
r
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs,
m
o
t
o
rs,
a
n
d
tran
sfo
rm
e
rs.
In
M
a
lay
sia
,
h
e
se
rv
e
d
a
s
a
site
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
f
o
r
two
y
e
a
rs,
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
n
g
to
th
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
issio
n
i
n
g
o
f
su
b
sta
ti
o
n
s.
As
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r,
h
e
h
a
s
p
ro
v
id
e
d
c
o
n
su
lt
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tec
h
n
ica
l
train
i
n
g
to
v
a
rio
u
s
p
o
we
r
i
n
d
u
stries
g
lo
b
a
ll
y
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
in
Du
b
a
i
a
n
d
Lo
n
d
o
n
.
C
u
r
re
n
tl
y
,
h
e
wo
r
k
s
a
s
a
tec
h
n
ica
l
c
o
n
su
lt
a
n
t
fo
r
b
o
th
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
r
iv
a
te
se
c
to
rs,
a
lo
n
g
si
d
e
h
is
ro
le
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Te
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
RA.
He
h
a
s
a
u
th
o
re
d
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
tec
h
n
ica
l
a
rti
c
les
a
n
d
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
g
r
a
n
ts
fo
r
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sta
b
il
it
y
,
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
AI
-
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
a
e
e
m
@u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
No
r
Fa
r
a
h
a
id
a
Abd
u
l
Ra
h
m
a
n
wo
rk
s
a
s
a
s
e
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Te
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
,
S
h
a
h
Ala
m
,
S
e
lan
g
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
E
n
g
.
(H
o
n
s.)
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
r
siti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UTM
)
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
i
n
P
o
we
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
(
UPM
).
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
a
re
a
c
ti
v
e
fil
ters
,
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
fa
ra
h
a
id
a
@u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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