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Science
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38
,
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20
25
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p
.
865
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u
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CC B
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SA
li
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C
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r
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p
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R
awa
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Alm
ajd
o
u
b
ah
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
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Me
d
ical
E
n
g
i
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r
in
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Facu
lty
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,
Al
-
Ah
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m
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,
1
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I
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ter
f
ac
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is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
ac
tiv
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m
ed
ical
im
p
lan
ts
(
AM
I
)
.
AM
I
s
ar
e
i
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s
tr
u
m
en
ts
th
at
d
iag
n
o
s
e
an
d
t
r
ea
t
p
atien
ts
s
im
u
ltan
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u
s
ly
.
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h
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p
t
u
r
e
b
o
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ily
im
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ls
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n
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tr
an
s
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it c
o
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m
an
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s
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th
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e
r
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s
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tem
,
wh
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in
clu
d
es th
e
b
r
ain
,
s
p
in
e,
ea
r
,
ey
e
,
an
d
o
th
er
b
o
d
y
p
ar
ts
[
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
th
ese
im
p
lan
ts
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
well
in
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
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l
icatio
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s
,
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ee
d
to
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av
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ig
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ata
r
ates
a
n
d
p
r
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g
th
es
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ap
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licatio
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s
a
r
e
c
o
r
tical
im
p
lan
ts
at
th
e
b
r
ain
in
ter
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ac
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lan
ts
,
p
ac
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s
,
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lan
ts
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
s
tr
ict
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
b
a
n
d
w
id
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ab
u
n
d
an
ce
,
d
ata
s
p
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d
s
,
a
n
d
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
im
m
u
n
ity
,
t
r
an
s
d
er
m
al
o
p
tical
wir
eless
(
T
O
W
)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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r
ep
lace
s
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
(
R
F)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
]
–
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
25
:
8
6
5
-
8
7
5
866
T
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
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o
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OW
tech
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o
lo
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y
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ev
er
ely
lim
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b
y
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ev
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al
f
ac
to
r
s
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eg
ativ
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r
m
an
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r
im
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r
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u
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k
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ch
ar
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v
ar
iab
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atu
r
e
as
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
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m
ed
iu
m
.
Sk
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,
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All
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f
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k
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[
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.
C
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eq
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as
r
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in
[
6
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.
W
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em
itter
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wh
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[
7
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–
[
9
]
.
W
h
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tak
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to
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th
e
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
T
OW
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
f
u
r
th
er
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
esear
ch
c
h
allen
g
es
in
en
h
an
cin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
im
p
lan
tab
le
m
e
d
ical
d
ev
i
ce
s
(
I
MD
s
)
.
T
h
ese
in
cl
u
d
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
,
f
ad
i
n
g
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
ex
tr
e
m
ely
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
tim
e
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
a
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
T
OW
lin
k
ag
es
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Mo
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
,
in
[
9
]
,
d
ata
r
ates
o
f
u
p
to
1
6
Mb
p
s
wer
e
a
tt
ain
ed
with
a
s
k
in
t
h
ick
n
ess
o
f
4
m
m
,
a
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
o
r
d
er
1
0
−9
,
an
d
a
2
m
m
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
ter
m
in
als,
all
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
1
0
m
W
o
f
p
o
wer
.
A
T
OW
lin
k
th
at
u
s
es
a
s
litt
le
as
1
.
1
m
W
to
6
.
4
m
W
o
f
p
o
wer
an
d
h
as
a
B
E
R
o
f
le
s
s
th
an
1
×1
0
−5
,
wh
ile
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
a
2
m
m
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etw
ee
n
ter
m
in
als
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
[
1
9
]
ca
n
s
en
d
d
ata
at
5
0
M
b
p
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
–
6
m
m
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
th
ick
tis
s
u
e
,
b
u
t
in
[
6
]
in
v
iv
o
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
o
n
a
s
h
ee
p
u
n
d
e
r
a
n
esth
esia
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
d
ata
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
at
1
0
0
Mb
p
s
with
a
B
E
R
b
elo
w
2
×1
0
−
7
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
o
n
ly
2
.
1
m
W
o
f
p
o
wer
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
(
PEs),
m
o
s
t
wo
r
k
s
o
n
T
OW
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
h
av
e
eith
e
r
wr
itten
o
f
f
th
is
ef
f
ec
t
as
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
r
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
m
o
d
els
to
d
escr
ib
e
it,
wh
ich
ar
e
n
o
t
v
er
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
e
x
p
lain
in
g
th
ese
k
in
d
s
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
f
ad
es
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
[
1
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
a
r
ec
e
n
t
p
a
p
er
,
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
to
o
k
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
T
OW
lin
k
an
d
cr
ea
ted
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
an
d
its
o
u
tag
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
t
ag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
OP)
m
etr
ic.
As
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
b
asic
ter
m
s
,
PE
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
r
ed
u
ce
T
OW
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
o
v
er
1
0
%.
L
ater
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
m
o
d
el
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
is
alig
n
m
e
n
t'
s
r
an
d
o
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
r
elativ
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
te
r
m
in
als
in
o
u
td
o
o
r
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
id
er
s
jitt
er
b
u
t
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
s
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
b
o
r
esig
h
t
(
NZ
B
)
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t,
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
ac
tu
ality
,
J
itt
er
an
d
b
o
r
esig
h
t
f
o
r
m
th
e
t
wo
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
PE.
J
itter
is
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
o
f
f
s
et
o
f
th
e
b
ea
m
'
s
c
en
ter
at
th
e
d
etec
to
r
p
lan
e,
wh
er
ea
s
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ea
m
an
d
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
d
etec
to
r
is
ca
lled
th
e
b
o
r
esig
h
t
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
o
b
tain
b
etter
r
esu
lts
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
s
e
a
m
o
r
e
u
s
ef
u
l
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
PE
m
o
d
el
c
alled
th
e
NZ
B
PE
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
tak
es
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
NZ
B
er
r
o
r
s
,
b
ea
m
wid
th
,
d
etec
to
r
s
ize,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
jitt
er
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
elev
atio
n
an
d
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
to
co
n
s
id
er
b
o
r
esig
h
t
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
wh
en
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
m
u
ltip
l
e
d
etec
to
r
ap
er
tu
r
es,
as
ea
ch
laser
ca
n
o
n
ly
b
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
with
ju
s
t
o
n
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
ap
e
r
tu
r
e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
r
e
is
a
n
atu
r
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
b
o
r
esig
h
t
th
at
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
d
ete
cto
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
etec
to
r
ap
er
tu
r
e
a
n
d
its
alig
n
m
en
t
p
o
in
t
[
2
0
]
.
Div
er
s
ity
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
with
r
elatio
n
t
o
wav
elen
g
th
,
tim
e,
o
r
s
p
ac
e,
to
en
h
an
ce
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
T
OW
's
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
OP
cr
iter
io
n
in
h
as
o
n
ly
r
ec
e
n
tly
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
[
1
5
]
.
B
o
th
th
e
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
-
an
d
atten
u
atio
n
-
in
d
u
ce
d
f
a
d
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
with
NZ
B
,
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
B
ec
k
m
an
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
d
iv
er
s
ity
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
s
ev
er
al
co
p
ies
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
als
th
at
ar
e
b
ein
g
p
r
o
p
ag
ated
in
an
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
r
es
ilien
ce
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
b
y
o
v
er
c
o
m
in
g
s
u
b
p
a
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
ed
ia
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
in
wav
elen
g
t
h
,
tim
e
,
o
r
s
p
ac
e.
A
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
th
at
tak
es
s
p
a
tial
d
iv
er
s
ity
in
t
o
ac
c
o
u
n
t
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
u
s
es
s
ev
er
al
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
an
d
/o
r
r
ec
eiv
er
s
lo
ca
ted
at
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
tr
an
s
m
it
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
c
o
p
ies
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
b
ea
r
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al,
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
An
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
a
s
in
g
le
tr
an
s
m
itter
-
r
ec
eiv
er
p
air
u
s
in
g
tim
e
d
i
v
er
s
ity
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
,
o
n
ly
r
e
-
tr
an
s
m
it
tin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
at
m
u
ltip
le
tim
e
s
lo
ts
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
wav
elen
g
th
d
i
v
er
s
ity
,
an
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
tr
an
s
m
itter
,
wh
ic
h
en
a
b
les
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
co
p
ies
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
al
at
v
ar
io
u
s
wav
elen
g
th
s
t
o
m
u
ltip
le
r
ec
eiv
e
r
s
[
3
2
]
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
a
s
in
g
le
in
p
u
t
-
s
in
g
l
e
o
u
tp
u
t
(
SISO)
FS
O
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
a
m
u
ltip
le
in
p
u
t
-
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
,
s
in
g
le
in
p
u
t
-
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(
SIM
O)
,
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
p
u
t
-
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
SO)
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
th
at
is
m
o
r
e
er
r
o
r
-
r
ate
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
-
ef
f
icien
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
as
f
ar
as
th
e
wr
iter
s
ar
e
awa
r
e,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
tr
a
ig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
on
-
o
f
f
k
ey
i
n
g
(
OOK)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
co
m
b
in
ed
with
in
ten
s
ity
m
o
d
u
latio
n
/
d
ir
ec
t d
etec
tio
n
(
I
M/DD
)
f
o
r
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
i
ed
in
ea
r
lier
wo
r
k
s
o
n
T
OW
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
d
erma
l o
p
tica
l wi
r
eles
s
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
R
a
w
a
n
A
lma
jd
o
u
b
a
h
)
867
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
f
o
r
m
ats
ar
e
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ef
f
icien
t.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
i
m
p
licity
,
OOK
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e
in
th
e
FS
O
f
ield
;
n
ev
er
th
eless
,
wh
en
it
o
p
er
ates
in
f
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
d
etec
to
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ev
alu
ated
a
n
d
a
d
o
p
te
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tin
g
ch
an
n
el
s
tates.
Pu
ls
e
p
o
s
itio
n
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
(
PP
M)
,
wh
ich
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
a
n
OOK
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
o
wer
e
f
f
i
cien
cy
,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
et
ar
o
u
n
d
th
is
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
s
p
ir
e
d
b
y
th
ese
f
ac
ts
,
a
m
ajo
r
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
OP
an
d
o
u
ta
g
e
r
ate
(
OR
)
o
f
SIM
O
an
d
MI
SO
T
OW
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
en
PEs
with
ze
r
o
b
o
r
esig
h
t
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
with
s
k
in
-
in
d
u
c
ed
atten
u
atio
n
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
m
ay
u
s
e
I
M/DD
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
OOK
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
ea
r
lie
r
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
wo
r
k
s
o
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
FS
O)
h
av
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
im
p
air
m
en
ts
o
f
r
a
n
d
o
m
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
ch
a
n
n
els,
s
u
ch
as
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
ce
-
in
d
u
ce
d
s
ig
n
al
f
a
d
in
g
,
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
r
ec
eiv
er
d
iv
er
s
ity
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
SIM
O
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
a
n
ex
te
r
n
a
l,
ter
r
estrial
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
No
n
et
h
eless
,
a
cr
u
cial
d
is
tin
ctio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
i
n
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
ed
iu
m
'
s
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
ex
is
ts
f
o
r
a
T
OW
lin
k
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
B
io
lo
g
ical
tis
s
u
e
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
e
d
iu
m
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
th
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
ze
d
c
h
an
n
el
i
s
ac
tu
ally
th
e
s
k
in
,
wh
ich
is
f
ar
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
v
ar
ied
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
th
an
th
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
is
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
wh
ile
SIM
O
an
d
MI
SO
tech
n
iq
u
es
with
I
M
/
DD
h
av
e
also
b
e
en
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
f
o
r
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
,
th
is
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
in
s
tan
ce
o
f
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
in
b
io
m
ed
ical
an
d
tr
a
n
s
d
er
m
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
e
x
tr
e
m
ely
lo
w
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
m
in
i
m
al
b
io
l
o
g
ical
ef
f
ec
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
f
u
lly
s
atis
f
ied
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
IM
/
D
D
SIM
O
an
d
MI
SO
T
OW
d
esig
n
s
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
u
n
ter
ac
t
th
e
a
d
v
er
s
e
im
p
ac
t
s
o
f
th
is
jo
in
t
im
p
ac
t.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
esti
m
ate
it,
n
ew
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
an
d
an
OP a
n
d
OR
an
aly
s
i
s
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
an
OP a
n
d
OR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
b
etw
ee
n
SISO,
SIM
O,
an
d
MI
SO T
OW
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
I
M
DD/OOK
f
o
r
m
ats in
an
ef
f
o
r
t to
id
en
tif
y
p
o
ten
tial s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
at
r
esu
lt f
r
o
m
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
SIM
O
an
d
MI
SO
T
OW
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
is
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
e
latest r
esear
ch
th
at
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
.
T
ab
le
1
.
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
is
s
tu
d
y
an
d
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
A
u
t
h
o
r
[
s]
O
u
t
c
o
m
e
V
a
r
o
t
s
o
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
ma
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
a
l
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
s
t
o
e
st
i
mat
e
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
b
i
t
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
S
I
M
O
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
s.
V
a
r
o
t
s
o
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
c
l
o
se
d
-
f
o
r
m m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
f
o
r
mu
l
a
s
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
f
a
d
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
f
o
r
F
S
O
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
ms
u
s
i
n
g
O
n
-
O
f
f
k
e
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
d
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
v
e
r
g
a
mm
a
-
g
a
mm
a
o
r
g
a
mm
a
-
mo
d
e
l
e
d
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
e
r
r
o
r
s.
V
a
r
o
t
s
o
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
C
r
e
a
t
e
d
n
e
w
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
ma
t
i
o
n
s o
f
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
e
r
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
s
f
o
r
S
I
M
O
(
si
n
g
l
e
-
i
n
p
u
t
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
-
o
u
t
p
u
t
)
a
n
d
S
I
S
O
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Tsi
f
t
s
i
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
Ex
a
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
F
S
O
s
y
st
e
ms'
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
f
o
r
K
-
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
,
t
a
l
k
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
o
ssi
b
l
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
d
e
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
d
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
a
t
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
mi
t
t
e
r
a
n
d
/
o
r
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
f
o
r
m
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
s f
o
r
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
b
i
t
-
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
S
I
M
O
(
si
n
g
l
e
-
i
n
p
u
t
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
-
o
u
t
p
u
t
)
F
S
O
s
y
s
t
e
ms
.
N
a
v
i
d
p
o
u
r
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
8
]
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
b
i
t
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
(
B
ER
)
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
F
S
O
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
t
h
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
a
c
r
o
ss l
o
g
-
n
o
r
m
a
l
a
t
mo
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
c
e
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s,
a
ss
u
m
i
n
g
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
r
a
n
s
mi
t
t
e
r
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
a
p
e
r
t
u
r
e
s.
Za
mb
r
a
n
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
a
n
o
v
e
l
t
r
a
n
s
mi
t
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
e
l
a
ser se
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
sm
f
o
r
F
S
O
c
o
m
mu
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
b
i
t
-
e
r
r
o
r
-
r
a
t
e
(
B
E
R
)
a
s
y
m
p
t
o
t
i
c
e
x
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
s
i
n
c
l
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
a
r
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
u
si
n
g
a
g
a
mm
a
-
g
a
mm
a
(
G
G
)
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
e
r
r
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s.
N
i
st
a
z
a
k
i
s
[
3
0
]
Ex
a
m
i
n
e
d
a
t
i
me
-
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
l
y
t
u
r
b
u
l
e
n
t
f
r
e
e
-
sp
a
c
e
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
u
si
n
g
a
n
e
g
a
t
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[
3
1
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D
e
v
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t
b
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p
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D
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t
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m
b
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(
S
C
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a
t
t
h
e
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e
i
v
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n
g
e
n
d
.
Th
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
a
n
d
f
i
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d
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n
g
s
o
f
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h
i
s s
t
u
d
y
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r
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p
r
e
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e
d
i
n
a
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f
t
h
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p
r
e
v
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o
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sl
y
l
i
s
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
m
o
del
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
o
d
el
i
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
ass
u
m
es
th
at
f
u
ll
s
k
in
ch
an
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
is
av
ailab
le
an
d
th
at
a
d
ir
ec
t
tr
a
n
s
d
er
m
al
o
p
tical
wir
eless
lin
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
a
T
OW
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
with
I
MD
D/OOK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
s
elec
tiv
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
(
SC
)
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
r
ec
eiv
er
d
iv
er
s
ity
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
.
L
o
p
tical
p
o
in
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
o
r
laser
s
,
wo
r
k
in
g
at
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
wav
el
en
g
th
will
s
en
d
L
co
p
ies
o
f
th
e
id
en
tical
d
ata
u
n
d
er
th
e
MI
SO
s
y
s
tem
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
will
b
e
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
to
alig
n
with
a
s
in
g
le
d
et
ec
to
r
(
M
=
1
)
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
en
d
,
wh
ile
in
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
25
:
8
6
5
-
8
7
5
868
SIM
O
m
o
d
el
M
d
ir
ec
t
T
OW
lin
k
ag
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
with
o
n
l
y
a
s
in
g
le
iter
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
als
g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
k
in
ch
an
n
el
(
L
=
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
Nex
t,
th
e
s
tatis
tical
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
T
OW
s
y
s
t
em
is
s
tated
as
(
)
=
.
ℎ
+
(
1
)
wh
er
e
th
e
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
Ga
u
s
s
ian
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
v
ar
ia
n
ce
2
is
d
en
o
taed
b
y
n
,
th
e
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
η
,
an
d
its
p
o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
ity
,
°
2
⁄
,
is
g
iv
in
g
in
watts/
Hz.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
OOK
d
ata
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
x
ϵ
{0
,
1
}.
T
h
e
s
k
in
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
ℎ
is
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ted
b
y
(
1
)
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as [
1
5
]
:
ℎ
=
ℎ
,
ℎ
,
(
2
)
in
wh
ich
ℎ
is
th
e
s
k
in
atten
u
a
tio
n
-
r
elate
d
ch
an
n
el
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
th
at
is
p
r
ed
icta
b
le
d
u
e
t
o
p
r
o
p
a
g
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lo
s
s
,
wh
ile
th
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s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
ℎ
is
a
s
to
ch
asti
c
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
u
e
to
m
is
alig
n
ed
f
ad
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
ter
m
ℎ
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
as [
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
ℎ
,
=
(
−
0
.
5
(
)
)
(
3
)
wh
er
e
is
a
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
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th
ick
n
ess
o
f
th
e
s
k
in
an
d
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t.
α
(
λ
)
r
ep
r
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ts
th
e
s
k
in
atten
u
atio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
at
a
wo
r
k
in
g
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
λ
,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
f
o
r
λ
b
etwe
en
4
0
0
a
n
d
1
8
0
0
n
m
u
s
in
g
[
1
4
]
:
(
)
=
∑
e
xp
(
−
(
−
)
2
)
8
=
1
(
4
)
in
wh
ich
λ
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
n
m
,
an
d
T
ab
le
2
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
v
alu
es o
f
,
an
d
,
f
o
r
i=1
,
2
,
….
,
8
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es o
f
,
an
d
[
1
4
]
i
a
i
b
i
c
i
1
10
0
.
3
5
0
.
0
6
5
2
4
.
5
0
.
4
2
0
.
2
5
3
1
3
.
4
8
-
1
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5
5
0
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1
2
4
1
4
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7
1
4
4
2
4
9
.
3
5
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7
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4
3
5
1
4
9
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5
.
8
8
6
48
3
3
2
2
1
0
3
3
7
5
9
4
.
1
-
1
8
3
2
8
5
.
9
8
1
1
.
4
7
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1
8
.
5
1
0
5
4
A
s
tatis
tical
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
PR
s
ef
f
ec
t
is
g
iv
en
b
y
B
ec
k
m
an
n
'
s
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
b
ea
m
wid
t
h
,
d
etec
to
r
s
ize,
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
jitt
er
s
f
o
r
m
o
v
em
en
t
i
n
b
o
th
h
o
r
i
zo
n
tal
an
d
v
er
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
e
r
r
o
r
r
elate
d
t
o
n
o
n
z
er
o
b
o
r
esig
h
t
(
NZ
B
)
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
[
3
6
]
,
w
h
ich
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
d
b
y
[
1
2
]
wh
e
n
b
o
r
esig
h
t p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
ze
r
o
to
.
(
)
=
2
2
−
1
°
2
,
0
≤
≤
°
(
5
)
wh
er
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
b
ea
m
r
a
d
iu
s
an
d
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
φ
=
w
eq
/2
σ
s
.
A
°
=
[
e
r
f
(
v
)
]
²
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
to
tal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
d
erma
l o
p
tica
l wi
r
eles
s
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
R
a
w
a
n
A
lma
jd
o
u
b
a
h
)
869
p
o
wer
at
r
=
0
,
a
n
d
n
o
tatio
n
e
r
f
(
.
)
is
th
e
er
r
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
wit
h
v
=
√
π
r
/
√
2
w
δ
an
d
r
is
th
e
r
a
d
iu
s
o
f
a
cir
c
u
lar
r
ec
eiv
in
g
ap
er
t
u
r
e,
an
d
w
δ
=
δ
ta
n
(
θ
2
⁄
)
is
th
e
b
ea
m
waste
(
r
ad
iu
s
esti
m
ated
at
e
−
2
)
at
δ
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
o
n
t
h
e
R
X
p
lan
e,
with
θ
d
en
o
tes
th
e
d
i
v
er
g
e
n
ce
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
b
ea
m
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
r
ad
i
u
s
o
f
th
e
b
ea
m
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
w
eq
2
=
w
δ
2
√
π
e
r
f
(
v
)
/
2ve
xp
(
−
v
2
)
.
I
t
f
o
llo
w
s
th
at
wh
en
a
Gau
s
s
ian
b
ea
m
tr
av
els
δ
in
len
g
th
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
a
cir
cu
lar
d
etec
to
r
wh
er
e
t
h
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
r
a
d
iu
s
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
r
.
On
e
ca
n
d
e
r
iv
e
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
r
a
n
d
o
m
v
ar
i
ab
le'
s
,
h
p
,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
e
n
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
PDF)
as
f
o
llo
ws [
1
4
]
.
ℎ
(
)
=
°
−
1
,
0
≤
≤
°
(
6
)
Similar
ly
,
ξ
is
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
at
t
h
e
R
X
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
b
ea
m
r
a
d
iu
s
,
w
eq
,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
wr
itten
as
ξ
=
ω²
eq
4
σ
s
²
⁄
,
an
d
also
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
PE
(
a
h
ig
h
er
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
i
s
alig
n
m
en
t
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
a
l
o
wer
v
alu
e
o
f
ξ)
[
3
6
]
.
0
.
1
an
d
2
ar
e
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ξ
[
1
6
]
.
Actu
ally
,
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
u
s
ed
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
in
(
6
)
,
wh
ich
is
g
en
er
ally
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
a
n
d
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
it
m
atch
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ℎ
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
th
e
r
atio
ω
δ
/
a
>
6
is
s
atis
f
ied
,
y
ield
in
g
a
n
o
r
m
alize
d
m
ea
n
s
q
u
a
r
ed
er
r
o
r
(
NM
SE)
b
el
o
w
10
−
3
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
2
.
O
ut
a
g
e
p
ro
ba
bil
it
y
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
T
OL
'
s
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
an
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
its
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
e
o
u
s
s
u
m
o
f
SNR
(
γ
)
f
alls
b
elo
w
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
(
ℎ
)
is
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
1
3
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
=
(
≤
ℎ
)
=
∫
(
)
=
(
ℎ
)
ℎ
0
(
7
)
wh
er
e
f
γ
(
γ
)
an
d
F
γ
(
γ
)
ar
e
th
e
PDF
an
d
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
C
DF)
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e,
γ
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
u
s
e
it
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
a
SISO
tr
an
s
d
er
m
al
s
y
s
tem
's
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
th
en
ass
ess
ed
in
itial
ly
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
SIM
O
s
etu
p
u
s
in
g
a
1
×
M
a
r
r
ay
an
d
MI
SO sy
s
tem
with
a
L
×
1
ar
r
a
y
.
2.
2
.
1
.
S
I
SO
a
1
x
1
a
rr
a
y
T
WO
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
SISO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
'
s
s
tati
s
tical
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
with
L
=
M
=
1
,
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as [
1
3
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
=
η
x
h
+
n
(
8
)
T
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SNR
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as [
1
3
]
.
=
η
2
ex
p
(
−
(
)
)
ℎ
2
̅
̅
̅
°
(
9
)
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
SNR
,
̃
,
tak
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
[
1
3
]
.
̃
=
°
2
η
2
ex
p
(
−
(
)
)
̅
̅
̅
(
+
2
)
°
(
1
0
)
Usi
n
g
(
7
)
,
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
s
o
m
e
ar
it
h
m
etic
, t
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
as
=
(
η
2
ℎ
2
ℎ
2
̅
°
≤
ℎ
)
=
ℎ
2
(
ℎ
°
η
2
ℎ
2
̅
)
(
1
1
)
wh
er
e
P
̅
s
is
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
we
r
a
n
d
ℎ
2
is
th
e
ch
an
n
el'
s
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
t
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
[
1
3
]
,
th
at
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
=
1
(
°
ℎ
)
(
ℎ
°
2
̅
)
2
⁄
(
12)
E
q
u
iv
alen
tly
,
t
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
wr
itten
as [
1
3
]
.
(
ℎ
)
=
(
+
2
ℎ
̃
)
2
⁄
(
1
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
25
:
8
6
5
-
8
7
5
870
2
.
2
.
2
.
SI
M
O
T
O
W
s
y
s
t
em
wit
h a
1
×
m
a
rr
a
y
(
re
ce
iv
e
div
er
s
it
y
us
ing
SC)
Her
ein
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
SIM
O
T
OW
s
y
s
tem
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
o
n
e
ap
er
t
u
r
e
(
L
=
1
)
tr
a
n
s
m
its
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al,
wh
ile
M
ap
er
tu
r
es
r
ec
eiv
e
it.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
attain
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
s
ele
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
a
p
er
tu
r
e
with
th
e
o
p
tical
p
at
h
th
at
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
f
ad
in
g
g
ain
(
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
)
[
2
7
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
an
an
alo
g
o
u
s
SISO
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
i
s
th
e
SIM
O
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el,
in
wh
ich
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
SC
s
ch
em
e,
ℎ
,
is
wr
itt
en
as
ℎ
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
ℎ
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
tatis
tical
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
=
1
ℎ
+
(
14)
Hen
ce
,
we
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t t
h
e
d
iv
is
io
n
b
y
M
to
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
at
th
e
SISO
lin
k
'
s
r
ec
eiv
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
ize
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
a
p
er
tu
r
es
in
M
SIM
O
lin
k
s
[
3
9
]
.
Sin
ce
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
o
f
M
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ec
eiv
in
g
ap
er
tu
r
es
is
u
s
ed
,
th
e
n
o
is
e
v
ar
ian
ce
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
°
2
⁄
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
(
1
0
)
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
SNR
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
̃
=
°
2
η
2
ex
p
(
−
(
)
)
̅
̅
̅
(
+
2
)
°
(
1
5
)
T
h
u
s
,
f
o
r
a
SIM
O
T
OW
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
an
o
u
tag
e
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as
=
(
1
(
°
ℎ
)
(
ℎ
°
η
2
̅
)
2
⁄
)
(
1
6
)
2
.
2
.
3
.
M
I
SO
T
O
W
s
y
s
t
em
wit
h a
L
x
1
a
rr
a
y
(
t
r
a
ns
m
it
div
er
s
it
y
us
ing
la
s
er
SC)
Her
ea
f
ter
,
we
u
s
e
tr
an
s
m
it
laser
s
elec
tio
n
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
O
P
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
escr
ib
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
tr
an
s
d
er
m
al
s
y
s
tem
.
Her
e,
o
n
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
th
at
is
d
eliv
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
ap
er
tu
r
es
(
i.e
.
,
M
=
1
)
u
s
in
g
tr
an
s
m
it
laser
s
elec
tio
n
(
T
L
S).
On
e
ca
n
v
iew
o
u
r
MI
SO
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
as
an
alo
g
o
u
s
to
th
e
SISO
m
o
d
el
wh
er
e
th
e
r
o
u
te
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
co
r
r
elate
s
to
a
T
L
S m
eth
o
d
in
wh
ich
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
th
e
b
ea
m
ax
is
with
a
b
etter
v
alu
e
o
f
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
g
ain
(
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
)
[
4
0
]
,
ℎ
,
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
wr
ite
as
ℎ
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
ℎ
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
tate
th
at
th
e
s
tat
is
tical
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
is
MI
SO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
u
s
es a
SISO
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
as a
g
u
id
e
[
3
8
]
.
=
η
x
h
m
ax
+
n
(
1
7
)
wh
er
e
th
e
d
iv
is
io
n
b
y
L
is
o
m
itted
f
r
o
m
(
1
7
)
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
n
ly
a
s
in
g
le
laser
is
b
ein
g
u
s
e
d
at
a
tim
e.
T
h
is
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
o
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
a
s
tead
y
av
er
ag
e
o
p
tical
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lev
el
wh
en
ca
l
cu
latin
g
.
T
h
e
C
DF
o
f
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
ch
a
n
n
e
l
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
ℎ
,
m
ay
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
in
g
o
r
d
er
s
tatis
tics
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
C
DF,
ℎ
(
)
,
is
g
iv
en
b
y
ℎ
(
)
=
[
ℎ
(
)
]
an
d
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as
:
=
(
1
(
°
ℎ
)
(
ℎ
°
η
2
̅
)
2
⁄
)
(
1
8
)
2
.
3
.
O
ut
a
g
e
r
a
t
e
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
a
d
ee
p
f
ad
e
co
n
d
itio
n
wh
en
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
ed
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SNR
f
all
s
b
elo
w
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
th
r
esh
o
ld
ℎ
,
m
ak
in
g
it
u
n
ab
le
to
co
r
r
ec
tly
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
its
.
Data
b
its
will
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
at
a
s
tead
y
r
ate
o
f
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
ℎ
)
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
k
n
o
wn
C
SI
at
th
e
s
en
d
in
g
en
d
,
a
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
t
h
at
h
av
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
1
−
)
an
d
ar
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
o
u
tag
e
r
ate
is
:
=
(
1
−
)
l
og
2
(
1
+
ℎ
)
(
1
9
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
s
ig
n
al
b
an
d
wid
th
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
will
p
r
esen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
OP
a
n
d
OR
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
b
o
th
SIM
O
an
d
MI
SO
T
O
W
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
ts
,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
u
s
e
eith
er
OOK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
m
at.
W
e
will
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
ef
f
ec
t
an
d
atten
u
atio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
s
k
i
n
o
v
er
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
av
er
ag
e
elec
tr
ical
SNR
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
we
will
u
tili
ze
t
h
e
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
d
er
iv
ed
ea
r
lier
(
1
2
)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
d
erma
l o
p
tica
l wi
r
eles
s
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
R
a
w
a
n
A
lma
jd
o
u
b
a
h
)
871
(
1
5
)
,
(
1
8
)
,
an
d
(
1
9
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
m
ay
u
tili
ze
M
=
1
to
M
=
5
,
L
=
1
to
L
=
5
wh
ile
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
er
atin
g
wav
elen
g
t
h
is
s
et
at
λ
=
8
5
0
n
m
,
T
OW
lin
k
s
ty
p
ically
h
av
e
a
s
k
in
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
δ
=
9
m
m
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
th
at
η
=
0
.
7
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
r
ec
eiv
er
a
p
er
tu
r
e
,
r
=
0
.
5
m
m
,
θ
=
3
5
°
,
P
̅
s
=
1
m
w
/
MH
z,
σ
=
1
.
4
4
2
2
,
α
(
λ
)
=
1
.
8
at
λ
=8
5
0
n
m
,
A
=
1
m
m
²
an
d
N
ₒ
=
(
1
.
3
p
A/
√
)²
.
T
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
p
o
i
n
tin
g
er
r
o
r
is
lab
eled
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
alu
es
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
ξ,
wh
ic
h
is
ca
lcu
lated
a
s
f
o
llo
ws:
ξ
=
0
.
2
in
d
icate
s
a
s
ev
er
e
PE
co
n
d
itio
n
,
ξ
=
0
.
5
in
d
icate
s
a
s
t
ro
ng
PE
s
tate,
an
d
ξ
=
1
in
d
icate
s
a
m
o
dera
t
e
PE
s
tate.
I
n
all
th
e
ca
s
es
th
at
f
o
llo
w,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
M
o
n
t
e
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
alwa
y
s
s
h
o
wn
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
i
ca
l
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
m
ath
em
atica
l e
q
u
atio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
R
esu
lts
in
F
ig
u
r
es
2
an
d
3
ar
e
n
o
w
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
SIM
O
T
OW
with
OO
K
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
ex
am
in
atio
n
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
atch
in
g
(
1
6
)
an
d
(
1
9
)
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
OP
f
o
r
SIM
O
s
ig
n
als
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
es
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
io
u
s
PE
s
i
tu
atio
n
s
.
I
t
is
clea
r
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
o
u
tag
e
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
th
e
T
OW
s
y
s
tem
'
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
lin
k
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
is
s
af
e
to
s
ay
th
at
PE
p
lay
s
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
le
in
th
e
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
T
OW
lin
k
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
clar
if
ies
th
at
t
h
e
OP
is
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
PE,
wh
e
r
ea
s
th
e
OP
en
h
an
ce
s
as
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
af
f
ec
ted
with
s
tr
o
n
g
r
ath
er
th
an
s
ev
er
e
PE.
Nev
er
th
eles
s
,
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
ec
eiv
er
ap
er
t
u
r
es
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
OP
g
ets
b
etter
.
At
1
5
d
B
an
d
u
n
d
er
m
o
d
er
ate
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
,
OP
u
s
in
g
two
r
ec
eiv
er
s
is
ar
o
u
n
d
5
.
2
×
10
−
5
an
d
a
d
d
in
g
a
n
o
th
er
two
r
ec
eiv
er
s
ac
h
iev
es
OP a
r
o
u
n
d
4
.
3
×
10
−
8
.
Ou
tag
e
r
ate
f
o
r
SIM
O
s
y
s
tem
,
with
a
n
av
er
ag
e
SNR
o
f
1
5
d
B
,
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
s
ev
er
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
PE
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
is
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
OR
,
f
o
r
SIM
O
s
ch
em
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
ec
eiv
er
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
PE
im
p
ac
t,
wh
er
ea
s
two
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
f
u
l
PE
ef
f
ec
t
ca
u
s
es a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
ter
m
O
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
en
wh
e
n
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
e
PE
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
s
e.
I
t e
v
id
en
ce
th
at,
as th
e
r
e
ce
iv
er
ap
er
tu
r
es in
cr
ea
s
es m
o
r
e
th
an
4
,
th
e
OR
g
ain
ca
n
b
e
i
g
n
o
r
e
d
.
Fo
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
MI
SO
T
W
O
s
y
s
tem
,
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
OP
an
d
OR
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
4
-
6
.
F
ir
s
t,
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
SNR
v
al
u
es,
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
av
e
r
ag
e
SNR
to
th
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
with
m
u
ltip
le
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
d
e
ep
f
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
lik
el
y
to
o
cc
u
r
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
ate
-
s
ev
er
e
PE
s
itu
atio
n
s
ev
en
f
o
r
s
m
all
v
alu
es
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
SNR
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
u
n
its
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
OP
will
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
i.e
.
,
th
e
lin
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
will
im
p
r
o
v
e
as
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ap
er
tu
r
es.
Un
d
er
s
tr
o
n
g
PE
an
d
at
8
3
d
B
th
e
OP
is
ar
o
u
n
d
17
.
9
×
10
−
3
u
s
in
g
two
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
,
an
d
ar
o
u
n
d
3
×
10
−
4
if
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
n
u
m
b
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
OP f
o
r
SIM
O
lin
k
s
v
s
th
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
u
n
d
er
m
u
ltip
le
PE
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
eiv
e
r
ap
er
tu
r
es
T
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
is
s
h
o
wn
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
th
is
illu
s
tr
atio
n
,
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lin
es,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
an
aly
tical
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
b
y
m
a
r
k
er
s
.
W
e
also
n
o
te
th
at,
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
SNR
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
r
is
es
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
th
at
is
,
with
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
alig
n
m
en
t
lev
el,
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
o
r
a
g
iv
en
,
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
im
p
r
o
v
es
as
p
r
ed
icted
,
as
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
n
u
m
b
e
r
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
f
o
r
a
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
eq
u
al
2
5
d
B
,
L
eq
u
a
ls
2
an
d
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
th
e
OP
d
eg
r
ad
es
f
r
o
m
1
7
.
6
×
10
−
3
to
3
×
10
−
4
wh
en
is
eq
u
al
0
.
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
ep
icts
th
e
o
u
tag
e
r
ate
d
ef
in
ed
in
(
1
9
)
v
s
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
with
a
1
5
d
B
av
er
ag
e
SNR
,
an
d
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
er
v
e
r
PE
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
m
u
ltip
le
v
alu
es
o
n
L
.
As
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
lin
k
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
o
u
tag
e
r
ate
f
o
r
a
ce
r
tain
v
al
u
e
o
f
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
25
:
8
6
5
-
8
7
5
872
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
b
eh
a
v
io
r
as
well
,
b
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
PE
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
h
av
e
c
h
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
e
v
er
e
to
s
tr
o
n
g
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
co
m
p
ar
ativ
ely
b
etter
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
f
o
r
a
g
i
v
en
v
al
u
e
o
f
,
th
e
g
ain
v
alu
e,
⁄
,
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
wh
en
th
er
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
;
n
ev
er
t
h
eless
,
af
ter
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
s
u
r
p
ass
es
4
,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
g
ain
will
b
e
n
e
g
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ib
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I
t'
s
wo
r
th
m
en
tio
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th
at,
u
s
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MI
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i.e
.
,
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
,
s
ch
em
e
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
OP
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
SIM
O,
i.e
.
,
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
r
ec
eiv
er
s
.
At
2
5
d
B
,
f
o
u
r
tr
an
s
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itter
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/r
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n
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PE,
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e
OP in
SIM
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in
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f
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2
,
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eless
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e
r
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o
f
10
−
4
in
MI
SO c
ase.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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ta
g
e
r
ate
f
o
r
SIM
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L
in
k
s
u
n
d
e
r
m
u
ltip
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co
n
d
itio
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s
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
OP f
o
r
MI
SO L
in
k
v
s
No
r
m
alize
d
SNR
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n
d
er
m
u
lt
ip
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PE
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n
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itio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
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er
en
t n
u
m
b
er
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tr
an
s
m
it a
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er
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es
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
OP f
o
r
MI
SO L
in
k
v
s
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
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n
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er
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u
ltip
le
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n
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itio
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s
co
n
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5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
d
erma
l o
p
tica
l wi
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eles
s
co
mmu
n
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tio
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s
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…
(
R
a
w
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n
A
lma
jd
o
u
b
a
h
)
873
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
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ta
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e
r
ate
f
o
r
MI
S
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lin
k
s
u
n
d
er
m
u
ltip
le
PE
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
7
co
m
p
ar
es
b
etwe
en
SISO,
MI
SO,
a
n
d
SIM
O
m
o
d
els
in
ter
m
s
OP
u
n
d
e
r
s
ev
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e
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n
d
itio
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.
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ca
n
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n
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ted
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a
s
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o
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e
f
r
o
m
SISO
to
MI
S
O
o
r
SIM
O
th
e
OP
r
esu
lts
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et
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etter
,
with
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etter
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esu
l
ts
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th
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s
e
o
f
MI
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o
d
el
o
v
e
r
SIM
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m
o
d
el
as we
m
en
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p
r
ev
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u
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ly
.
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h
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f
in
d
in
g
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ar
e
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ig
n
if
ic
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t
s
in
ce
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u
p
p
o
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th
e
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r
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s
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ar
d
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co
m
m
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n
icatio
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k
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lik
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tem
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an
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m
o
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s
p
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in
k
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lik
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OW
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y
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tem
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;
wh
er
e
o
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r
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tu
d
y
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g
g
ests
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s
in
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p
atial
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iv
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ity
tech
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iq
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k
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icien
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e
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.
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u
r
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7
.
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m
p
a
r
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o
n
b
etwe
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n
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MI
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an
d
SIM
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in
t
er
m
s
o
f
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
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k
,
th
e
ef
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ec
ts
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ze
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b
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t
aim
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n
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k
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atten
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itter
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iv
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ch
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an
d
MI
SO
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W
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l
in
k
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u
s
in
g
I
M/DD
with
OOK
m
o
d
u
latio
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f
o
r
m
at
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d
SC
m
eth
o
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at
th
e
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s
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id
e
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as
b
ee
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ex
am
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d
.
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h
e
m
ain
f
i
n
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th
is
ap
p
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P
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e
p
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o
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ac
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m
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ical
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itter
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etwo
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k
s
.
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th
is
ca
s
e,
ad
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in
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o
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a
p
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tu
r
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t
o
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e
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s
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i
tter
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r
r
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lt
in
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ig
h
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u
tag
e
p
e
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f
o
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m
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ce
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en
ts
.
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a
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s
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g
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ested
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al
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is
is
a
h
elp
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u
l
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f
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d
esig
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i
n
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m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
T
OW
s
y
s
tem
s
with
im
p
r
o
v
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d
av
ailab
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an
d
o
u
tag
e
p
e
r
f
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ce
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y
o
v
er
b
alan
cin
g
t
h
e
k
ey
elem
e
n
ts
th
at
n
eg
ati
v
ely
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ec
t
T
OW
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
ield
is
r
elativ
ely
n
ew
an
d
h
as
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
A
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
is
s
u
es
ca
n
b
e
e
x
a
m
in
ed
to
e
x
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an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
s
u
g
g
ested
in
t
h
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wo
r
k
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
:
r
el
y
in
g
o
n
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
to
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e
r
iv
e
a
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
lim
ited
in
u
s
in
g
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
id
en
tical
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
ath
s
b
et
wee
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
,
ze
r
o
b
o
r
esig
h
t
PE,
a
n
d
I
M/DD
with
OOK
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
38
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
25
:
8
6
5
-
8
7
5
874
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
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tu
d
y
m
ay
g
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er
alize
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h
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f
in
d
in
g
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o
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th
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s
wo
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k
to
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n
t
f
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r
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d
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en
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id
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tical
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is
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ted
p
ath
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b
etwe
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th
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tr
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s
m
itter
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d
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
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d
th
e
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o
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-
ze
r
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b
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r
esig
h
t
PE.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
ex
am
in
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th
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b
e
n
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its
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f
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d
if
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er
en
t
p
o
wer
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ef
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icien
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tech
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f
u
lf
ill
th
e
m
ed
ical
im
p
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'
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ten
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p
u
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p
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em
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n
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.
RE
F
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NC
E
S
[
1
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Y
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i
l
,
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.
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o
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r
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.
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Ap
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[
2
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A
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[
3
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A.
-
A
.
A
.
B
o
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s,
“
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M
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4
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.
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.
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.
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a
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.
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[
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J.
L.
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b
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r
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o
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