I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
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4
7
~
25
4
I
SS
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DOI
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1
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v
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pp
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J
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26
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Risin
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e
rn
a
b
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e
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v
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o
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m
e
n
tal
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
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a
s
d
e
m
a
n
d
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d
p
r
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m
p
t
re
se
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rc
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a
tt
e
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ti
o
n
to
wa
rd
s
a
l
tern
a
ti
v
e
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s.
Th
u
s,
b
io
f
u
e
l
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
with
b
io
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
ro
p
stra
ws
t
h
ro
u
g
h
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
d
ig
e
stio
n
h
a
s
a
tt
ra
c
ted
t
h
e
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
sc
ien
ti
fic
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
th
e
li
g
n
o
c
e
ll
u
l
o
sic
n
a
t
u
re
o
f
rice
stra
w
p
o
se
s
re
sista
n
c
e
t
o
i
ts
d
isi
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
th
ro
u
g
h
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
d
ig
e
stio
n
.
A
imin
g
to
o
p
t
imiz
e
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
so
d
iu
m
h
y
d
ro
x
id
e
p
re
t
re
a
tme
n
t
o
f
rice
stra
w
fo
r
e
fficie
n
t
b
io
g
a
s
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
th
is
st
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d
y
wa
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
.
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o
r
t
h
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rp
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se
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t
h
e
p
re
trea
tme
n
t
wa
s
d
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n
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o
n
rice
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with
d
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c
o
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e
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tr
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ti
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m
h
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d
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x
i
d
e
a
t
a
b
o
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t
2
5
°
C
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
fo
r
2
4
h
o
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rs
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e
fo
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e
su
b
jec
ti
n
g
it
t
o
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
d
i
g
e
stio
n
f
o
r
b
io
g
a
s
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
6
%
so
d
iu
m
h
y
d
ro
x
id
e
p
re
trea
ted
rice
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w
wa
s
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m
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p
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ti
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s
fo
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n
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t
o
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e
5
6
.
3
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ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
u
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trea
ted
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stra
w.
In
th
e
k
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ti
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s
p
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n
,
6
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OH
p
re
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ted
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sh
o
ws
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h
e
h
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g
h
e
st
b
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g
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s
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
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ten
ti
a
l
a
t
t
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e
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ig
h
e
st
ra
te
o
f
1
5
.
8
4
9
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m
l/
d
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lag
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f
0
.
6
7
5
8
.
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e
x
p
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rime
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tal
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u
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k
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re
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t
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s
th
e
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ig
h
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st
b
io
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a
s
p
ro
d
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c
ti
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n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
i
g
esti
o
n
B
io
g
as
Go
m
p
er
tz
m
o
d
el
Kin
etic
p
ar
am
eter
s
L
ig
n
o
ce
llu
lo
s
e
Pre
tr
ea
tm
en
t
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ma
n
in
d
er
Kau
r
Dr
.
S.
S.
B
h
atn
ag
ar
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
C
h
em
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Pan
jab
Un
iv
er
s
ity
C
h
an
d
ig
ar
h
,
Pin
-
1
6
0
0
1
4
,
I
n
d
i
a
E
m
ail: m
an
in
d
er
k
au
r
2
7
8
0
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ag
r
icu
ltu
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e
b
io
m
ass
s
u
ch
as
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s
tr
aw,
co
r
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co
b
s
,
wh
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t
s
tr
aw,
s
u
g
ar
ca
n
e
b
ag
ass
e,
an
d
co
tto
n
s
talk
s
is
ab
u
n
d
an
tly
a
v
ailab
le
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
-
b
ased
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
I
n
d
ia.
Ar
o
u
n
d
5
1
1
m
illi
o
n
to
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o
f
cr
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p
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g
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ated
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tili
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u
s
tain
ab
ly
as
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le
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e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
o
g
en
e
r
ate
elec
tr
icity
[
1
]
.
W
h
ea
t
an
d
r
ice
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
s
tap
le
f
o
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d
s
t
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ca
r
b
o
h
y
d
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ates
to
m
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t
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f
th
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p
o
p
u
latio
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th
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co
u
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ltin
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in
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ass
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lef
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s
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ch
as
wh
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t
a
n
d
r
ice
s
tr
aw.
W
h
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t
s
tr
aw
is
m
ain
ly
u
s
ed
as
f
o
d
d
er
f
o
r
b
u
f
f
alo
es
a
n
d
ca
ttle.
H
o
wev
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,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
s
ilica
co
n
ten
t
p
r
e
s
en
t
in
r
ice
s
tr
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ak
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it
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u
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g
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s
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n
o
r
th
e
r
n
s
tates
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
s
u
ch
as
Pu
n
jab
,
a
n
d
Har
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a
n
a
ca
u
s
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g
r
ee
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h
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as
em
is
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io
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s
,
r
es
u
ltin
g
in
ai
r
p
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llu
tio
n
[
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
d
ec
lin
in
g
air
q
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ality
d
u
e
t
o
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d
is
p
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en
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m
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t
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an
alar
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in
g
s
itu
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th
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ian
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en
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it
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s
ely
af
f
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h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
[
3
]
–
[
5
]
.
T
o
d
ay
,
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
ca
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b
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tain
ab
ly
f
u
lf
illed
b
y
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ep
lacin
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f
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f
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with
b
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p
r
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u
ctio
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r
o
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g
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an
ae
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b
ic
d
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esti
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n
.
Ho
wev
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,
th
e
lig
n
o
ce
llu
lo
s
ic
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
ese
cr
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p
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s
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a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Ma
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2
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h
in
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r
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n
th
r
o
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g
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an
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r
o
b
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d
ig
esti
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n
[
6
]
.
T
h
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b
io
ch
em
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c
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way
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co
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[
7
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.
T
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m
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t
m
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h
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t
th
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g
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b
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ig
esti
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[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Ph
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s
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ca
l
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tm
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o
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ice
s
tr
aw
is
th
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
tep
as it h
elp
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
a
r
ticle
s
ize.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
lar
g
e
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
clo
g
g
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ester
th
er
eb
y
a
d
v
er
s
ely
af
f
ec
tin
g
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
icr
o
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
also
f
ac
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
in
attac
k
in
g
lar
g
e
p
ar
tic
le
s
izes
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
m
all
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
[
1
0
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
o
th
er
p
r
etr
ea
tm
e
n
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
ch
em
ic
al,
an
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
o
p
tim
u
m
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
n
ly
af
ter
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
as
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
u
r
v
ey
[
1
1
]
.
Gr
in
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
tr
aw
im
p
r
o
v
es
d
ig
esti
b
i
lity
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
ig
esti
o
n
b
u
t
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
e
n
h
an
c
em
en
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
lo
w.
Gr
in
d
in
g
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
h
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
r
esu
lted
in
a
2
0
%
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
in
m
eth
an
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
alk
alin
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
s
tr
aw
h
elp
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
lig
n
in
co
n
ten
t,
lead
in
g
to
s
ap
o
n
if
icatio
n
an
d
s
o
lv
atio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
an
d
p
ar
tial
s
o
lu
b
ilizatio
n
o
f
h
em
icellu
lo
s
e
[
1
2
]
.
Pre
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
r
ice
s
t
r
aw
with
4
%
H
2
O
2
r
esu
lted
in
1
3
5
m
3
o
f
b
i
o
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
3
]
.
W
h
ile
4
%
Na
OH
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t o
f
c
o
r
n
s
to
v
e
r
r
esu
lted
in
1
2
5
m
3
o
f
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
4
]
.
B
ag
ass
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
with
4
%
NaO
H
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
as
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
6
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
b
a
g
ass
e
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
wh
ea
t
s
tr
aw
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
with
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
n
i
q
u
es
n
am
ely
;
u
s
in
g
N
-
m
eth
y
lm
o
r
p
h
o
lin
e
N
-
o
x
id
e
(
NM
MO
)
,
o
r
g
an
o
s
lo
v
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
alk
alin
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t w
ith
NaO
H
s
h
o
wed
th
at
alk
alin
e
p
r
et
r
ea
tm
en
t
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
h
ig
h
est b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
6
]
.
Kin
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
tr
aws
h
e
lp
s
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
al
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
els
wer
e
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
to
f
in
d
th
e
b
i
o
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
o
ten
tial,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
ate.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
k
in
etic
m
o
d
els
wer
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
ic
m
ater
ial
st
atin
g
th
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
k
i
n
etic
m
o
d
el
is
b
est
s
u
ited
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
ly
s
is
b
u
t
it
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
to
tak
e
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
h
ar
d
ly
d
eg
r
a
d
ab
le
m
ater
ial
[
1
7
]
.
Kin
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
liq
u
i
d
ef
f
l
u
en
ts
lik
e
f
r
u
it
ju
ice
ef
f
lu
en
ts
an
d
v
in
ass
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
k
in
etics
[
1
8
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
k
in
et
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
n
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
b
an
an
as
an
d
ca
s
s
av
a
u
s
in
g
a
m
o
d
if
ied
Go
m
p
er
tz
eq
u
atio
n
r
e
p
o
r
ted
t
h
at
ca
s
s
av
a
h
as
h
ig
h
er
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
th
an
b
an
a
n
as
[
1
9
]
.
A
k
in
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
i
o
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
wate
r
h
y
ac
in
th
a
n
d
s
u
g
a
r
m
ill
ef
f
lu
en
t
at
4
0
°
C
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
cu
b
atio
n
p
e
r
io
d
o
f
1
5
d
a
y
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lts
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
30
°
C
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Go
m
p
er
tz
eq
u
atio
n
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
in
etics
m
o
d
els,
th
e
Go
m
p
er
tz
m
o
d
el,
th
e
lo
g
is
tic
m
o
d
el,
an
d
th
e
Go
m
p
er
tz
m
o
d
if
ie
d
m
o
d
el,
wer
e
o
p
ted
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
k
in
etic
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
b
i
o
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
f
o
o
d
waste.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Go
m
p
er
tz
m
o
d
el
was
th
e
clo
s
e
-
f
itti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
y
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
o
n
k
in
e
tic
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
d
ate
p
alm
f
r
u
its
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
els;
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
,
Go
m
p
er
tz
m
o
d
el,
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
b
ased
m
o
d
els
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
tep
.
T
h
e
Go
m
p
e
r
tz
m
o
d
el
is
b
est
s
u
ited
to
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
b
ac
ter
ial
g
r
o
wth
r
ate
-
lim
itin
g
s
tep
[
2
2
]
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
e
G
o
m
p
er
t
z
m
o
d
el
t
o
b
e
b
est
f
itted
f
o
r
th
e
k
in
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
ac
ter
ial
g
r
o
wth
in
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
i
g
esti
o
n
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Af
ter
r
ev
ie
win
g
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw
p
r
etr
e
atm
en
t
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
NaO
H
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
a
n
d
a
k
i
n
etic
s
tu
d
y
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
wer
e
e
x
am
in
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
C
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
al
an
aly
s
is
,
Fo
u
r
ier
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
(
FTI
R
)
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
x
-
r
ay
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
(
XR
D
)
was a
d
o
p
ted
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t e
f
f
ec
t o
n
f
ib
r
o
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
th
e
c
h
em
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
r
ice
s
t
r
aw.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l c
o
llect
io
ns
a
nd
m
et
ho
d o
f
pret
re
a
t
m
ent
A
b
u
n
ch
o
f
s
tr
aw
was
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
illag
e
o
f
Sah
ib
za
d
a
Ajit
Sin
g
h
Nag
ar
Mo
h
ali,
Dis
tr
ict
o
f
Pu
n
jab
.
I
t
was
th
en
s
u
n
-
d
r
ied
to
elim
in
ate
th
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
ice
s
tr
aw
was
p
h
y
s
ically
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
a
s
m
all
s
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
r
in
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
w
d
u
n
g
u
s
ed
as
in
o
cu
lu
m
was
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
w
s
h
ed
p
lace
d
n
ea
r
C
h
an
d
ig
ar
h
,
ch
em
ical
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
af
ter
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
way
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
b
io
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
aw
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
ig
esti
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
r
ice
s
tr
aws
wer
e
p
r
etr
ea
ted
with
2
,
4
,
an
d
6
%
(
w/v
)
s
o
d
iu
m
h
y
d
r
o
x
id
e
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
H
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
o
d
iu
m
h
y
d
r
o
x
id
e
was
n
eu
tr
alize
d
b
y
wash
in
g
s
o
ak
ed
s
tr
aws
with
tap
wate
r
.
C
o
w
d
u
n
g
was
ad
d
ed
to
s
tr
aw
in
a
r
atio
o
f
1
:
2
f
o
r
o
p
tim
u
m
ca
r
b
o
n
-
to
-
n
itr
o
g
en
r
atio
.
On
e
-
liter
d
ig
ester
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
b
atch
-
m
o
d
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
al
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
io
m
ass
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
So
x
h
let
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
FTI
R
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
was
u
s
ed
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
ef
f
e
ct
o
n
th
e
ch
e
m
ical
b
o
n
d
in
g
p
r
esen
t
in
s
tr
aw.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
K
in
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
io
g
a
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
fr
o
m
a
n
a
ero
b
ic
a
lly
d
ig
ested
r
ice
s
tr
a
w
(
Ma
n
in
d
er K
a
u
r
)
249
T
h
e
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
tr
u
ctu
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le
1
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r
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.
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1
3
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
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O
N
T
h
is
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tio
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d
elv
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to
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o
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ch
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ch
ar
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o
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m
ater
ial,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
tw
o
k
ey
asp
ec
ts
:
th
e
ef
f
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ts
o
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h
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f
ib
r
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tr
u
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b
o
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d
in
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c
r
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s
tallin
ity
.
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ec
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,
it
ex
a
m
in
es
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
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tm
en
t
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
es
alter
th
e
p
h
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ical
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g
an
izatio
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an
d
m
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r
p
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f
th
e
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i
b
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s
,
as
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o
w
th
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in
f
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n
ce
th
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m
o
lecu
lar
an
d
cr
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s
tallin
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ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
ts
with
in
th
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m
ater
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y
ass
ess
in
g
th
es
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im
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o
f
s
tr
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d
ch
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p
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en
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s
s
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im
p
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v
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tag
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b
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t p
r
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s
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o
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s
.
3
.
1
.
P
re
t
re
a
t
m
ent
ef
f
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t
o
n t
he
f
ibro
us
s
t
ruct
ure
T
h
e
f
ib
r
o
u
s
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m
p
o
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itio
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o
f
n
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tiv
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s
tr
aw
co
n
s
titu
ted
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y
l
ig
n
in
,
h
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icellu
lo
s
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a
n
d
ce
ll
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lo
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to
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e
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2
.
4
,
2
9
,
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d
3
1
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2
%
r
esp
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tiv
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h
e
NaO
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p
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en
t
s
h
o
ws
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ig
n
if
ican
t
i
m
p
r
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e
m
en
t
in
th
e
cel
lu
lo
s
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw
with
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
lig
n
in
co
n
ten
t
p
r
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p
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r
tio
n
ally
.
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
lig
n
in
to
ce
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lo
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e
r
atio
(
L
/C
)
h
as
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ee
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d
ec
r
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s
ed
f
r
o
m
0
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7
2
2
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o
r
u
n
t
r
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tr
aw
to
0
.
2
1
5
f
o
r
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%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
ted
s
tr
aw.
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h
e
ce
llu
lo
s
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
s
tr
aw
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
9
to
6
7
.
7
%
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
NaO
H
p
r
etr
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tm
en
t
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
r
o
m
2
to
6
%.
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wev
er
,
an
1
8
to
5
0
%
d
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r
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s
e
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n
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n
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d
a
2
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to
4
2
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e
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h
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as
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ee
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e
d
with
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in
cr
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p
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n
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u
ite
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m
p
ar
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b
le
with
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lts
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
Ak
h
tar
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
,
a
f
ter
m
icr
o
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alk
ali
-
ac
id
p
r
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tm
en
t
o
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Fig
u
r
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1
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L
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f
r
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tr
a
w
3
.
2
.
P
re
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t
m
ent
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f
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t
o
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chem
ica
l bo
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le
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ap
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er
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o
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d
with
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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1
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2
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ig
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s
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ce
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h
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etch
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d
at
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c
m
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r
ep
r
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e
s
p
litt
in
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o
f
m
eth
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a
n
d
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eth
y
len
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
p
r
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t
in
ce
llu
lo
s
e
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
ar
o
m
atic
s
k
eleta
l
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g
s
ass
ig
n
ed
to
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an
d
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r
e
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en
t
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n
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et
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k
e
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ed
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ter
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p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
as
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
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p
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k
r
e
d
u
ce
s
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
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m
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
2
8
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
,
th
e
8
9
9
cm
-
1
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an
d
ca
n
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e
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u
te
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to
th
e
β
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1
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l
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o
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lin
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g
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p
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t
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ce
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n
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th
e
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is
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o
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tio
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o
f
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ter
m
o
lecu
lar
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y
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s
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s
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all
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% Na
OH
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t o
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r
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% Na
OH
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s
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in
Fig
u
r
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2
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ca
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o
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l
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cr
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tallin
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s
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u
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ca
n
d
if
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r
ac
t
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ay
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ic
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atter
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°
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ep
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e
ce
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e
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ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
s
tar
ts
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
f
ter
p
r
etr
ea
tm
e
n
t
as
a
s
h
if
t
in
p
ea
k
to
2
2
°
f
r
o
m
1
8
°
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
af
te
r
p
r
etr
e
atm
en
t
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
c
r
y
s
tallin
ity
in
d
ex
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
5
4
.
0
%
f
o
r
u
n
tr
ea
ted
r
ice
s
tr
aw
to
5
8
.
7
%
f
o
r
2
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
ted
r
ice
s
t
r
aw
an
d
r
ea
ch
es
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
6
5
.
0
%
f
o
r
4
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
ted
r
ice
s
tr
aw.
Af
ter
th
is
f
u
r
th
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
to
6
% r
esu
lted
i
n
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
cr
y
s
tallin
ity
in
d
ex
to
6
3
.
8
%.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
FTI
R
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
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ice
s
tr
aw
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
XR
D
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
K
in
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
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io
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s
p
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tio
n
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o
m
a
n
a
ero
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ic
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lly
d
ig
ested
r
ice
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tr
a
w
(
Ma
n
in
d
er K
a
u
r
)
251
3
.
3
.
P
r
o
du
ct
io
n o
f
bio
g
a
s
f
r
o
m
rice
s
t
ra
w
T
h
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
b
i
o
g
as
p
r
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ctio
n
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
an
ae
r
o
b
i
ca
lly
d
ig
ested
s
tr
aw
f
o
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th
e
4
5
d
a
y
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o
f
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
r
e
p
lace
m
en
t
th
er
a
p
y
(
HR
T
)
at
3
5
+2
°
C
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
was
less
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
itial
3
-
5
d
ay
s
wh
ich
m
a
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
li
g
n
in
co
n
ten
t
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw,
r
ed
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ce
d
its
d
ig
esti
b
ilit
y
b
y
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e
m
icr
o
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ial
attac
k
in
itially
.
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wev
er
,
a
s
ig
n
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ican
t
in
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e
in
b
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as
p
r
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as
b
ee
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etwe
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ay
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e
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ig
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ice
s
tr
aw.
T
h
e
6
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
r
esu
lted
in
5
6
.
3
%
h
ig
h
er
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
th
an
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
wh
ile
a
3
8
.
8
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d
1
0
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
io
g
a
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
af
ter
4
a
n
d
2
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
6
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
g
iv
es
r
is
e
to
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
b
io
g
as
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
4
an
d
2
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
ted
r
ice
s
tr
aw
as seen
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
u
m
u
lativ
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
o
f
b
io
g
as f
r
o
m
r
ice
s
tr
aw
3
.
4
.
K
inet
ic
m
o
del f
it
e
x
perim
ent
a
l da
t
a
Kin
etic
m
o
d
els
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
d
ata
a
r
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
to
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e
an
e
f
f
icien
t
t
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o
r
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ig
esti
o
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r
o
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s
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eter
m
i
n
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g
th
e
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ate
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io
g
as
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r
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d
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ctio
n
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h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Go
m
p
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t
z
m
o
d
el
ap
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lied
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o
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ac
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ial
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r
o
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well
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th
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e
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er
im
e
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tal
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ata
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
b
io
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as
y
ield
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Go
m
p
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tz
eq
u
atio
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r
r
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eth
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o
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ia
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wth
r
ate
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th
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ig
ester
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(
1
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.
(
)=
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W
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m
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s
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h
e
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ig
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r
e
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r
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d
m
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el
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ata
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m
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ata
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its
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ex
p
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R
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r
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ter
th
a
n
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p
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t
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s
tr
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e
k
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s
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d
y
o
f
b
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as
p
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r
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at
r
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ter
6
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h
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ax
im
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m
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4
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ax
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im
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m
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d
o
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6
7
5
8
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
a
b
le
2
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
a
w
h
elp
s
to
d
is
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
lig
n
in
-
h
em
icellu
lo
s
e
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ce
llu
lo
s
e
m
atr
ix
.
As
in
th
e
FTI
R
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
th
e
clea
v
ag
e
o
f
lig
n
in
b
o
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
n
e
w
p
ea
k
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
af
ter
p
r
etr
e
atm
en
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
cr
y
s
tallin
ity
in
d
ex
with
ch
em
ical
p
r
etr
ea
tm
e
n
t
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ce
llu
lo
s
e
co
n
ten
t
wh
ich
was
b
o
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
lig
n
in
in
u
n
tr
ea
ted
r
ice
s
tr
aw.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
s
o
d
iu
m
h
y
d
r
o
x
id
e
p
r
et
r
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
r
ice
s
tr
aw.
6
%
NaO
H
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
k
in
etic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
b
io
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
also
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
al
s
tu
d
y
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
r
ic
e
s
tr
a
w
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
NaO
H
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
alter
n
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
lig
n
in
clea
v
ag
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
ca
li
n
g
u
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
ev
al
u
atin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
is
cr
u
cial.
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
b
io
f
u
els
a
n
d
v
alu
e
-
ad
d
ed
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
will
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
n
h
an
ce
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
is
g
r
atef
u
l
to
th
e
SAI
F/C
I
L
L
ab
.
o
f
Pan
jab
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
,
C
h
an
d
i
g
ar
h
,
I
n
d
ia
wh
er
e
all
th
e
test
in
g
o
f
s
tr
aw
h
as b
ee
n
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
S
.
B
i
s
h
t
a
n
d
N
.
S
.
Th
a
k
u
r
,
“
S
mal
l
sca
l
e
b
i
o
mass
g
a
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
t
s
f
o
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
:
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s,
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
a
sp
e
c
t
s,
su
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
&
p
o
l
i
c
y
,
”
Re
n
e
w
.
E
n
e
rg
y
F
o
c
u
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
–
1
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
f
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
2
.
0
0
4
.
[
2
]
J.
B
e
l
l
a
r
b
y
,
B
.
F
o
e
r
e
i
d
,
A
.
H
a
s
t
i
n
g
s
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
m
i
t
h
,
“
C
o
o
l
f
a
r
m
i
n
g
:
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
”
A
mste
r
d
a
m,
2
0
0
8
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
st
o
r
a
g
e
.
g
o
o
g
l
e
a
p
i
s.c
o
m
/
p
l
a
n
e
t
4
-
u
s
a
-
st
a
t
e
l
e
ss
/
2
0
2
4
/
1
2
/
8
a
0
3
e
c
d
9
-
c
o
o
l
-
fa
r
m
i
n
g
-
c
l
i
mat
e
-
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
.
p
d
f
[
3
]
M
.
K
a
u
r
,
S
.
D
h
u
n
d
h
a
r
a
,
Y
.
P
.
V
e
r
ma,
a
n
d
S
.
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
,
“
T
e
c
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
-
b
i
o
mas
s
-
b
a
se
d
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
sy
st
e
m f
o
r
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
r
u
r
a
l
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
.
T
r
a
n
s.
El
e
c
t
r
.
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
s
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
2
0
5
0
-
7
0
3
8
.
1
2
3
4
7
.
[
4
]
K
.
R
a
v
i
n
d
r
a
,
T.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
o
r
,
“
Emi
ssi
o
n
s
o
f
a
i
r
p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
c
r
o
p
r
e
s
i
d
u
e
b
u
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
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