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Adv
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CC B
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C
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Dep
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Po
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d
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iv
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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O
N
W
ater
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
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s
en
tial r
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elem
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t f
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wate
r
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ess
en
tial
r
aw
elem
en
t
[
1
]
.
Al
m
o
s
t
ev
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y
im
p
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ta
n
t
b
io
tic
p
h
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m
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r
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T
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'
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s
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ciety
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ac
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if
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ca
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t
wate
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u
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b
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s
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f
th
e
r
ap
id
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
tech
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o
lo
g
y
[
2
]
.
E
co
s
y
s
tem
s
d
eter
io
r
ate
wh
en
u
n
tr
ea
ted
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r
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
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s
tr
ial,
an
d
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
wastewate
r
is
r
elea
s
ed
[
3
]
.
Gi
v
en
th
at
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ef
f
lu
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
a
f
ar
m
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h
az
a
r
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atu
r
e,
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
ev
e
n
mor
e
s
er
io
u
s
[
4
]
.
T
an
n
er
ies an
d
th
e
te
x
tile secto
r
r
an
k
e
d
f
ir
s
t a
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d
s
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tr
ies th
at
u
s
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lar
g
e
am
o
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n
ts
o
f
wate
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[
5
]
.
Par
ticu
lar
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ar
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th
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tex
tile
p
r
in
tin
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f
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in
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s
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wel
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th
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s
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to
r
[
6
]
.
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astew
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,
wh
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is
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ea
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lad
en
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asic
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y
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s
alts
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if
ican
tly
p
o
llu
ted
b
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th
es
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p
r
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s
s
es
[
7
]
.
C
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n
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id
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ab
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r
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as
b
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co
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d
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f
th
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d
y
es,
in
cl
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g
p
r
ec
i
p
itatio
n
[
8
]
,
io
n
ic
ex
c
h
an
g
e
[
9
]
,
m
em
b
r
a
n
e
f
iltra
tio
n
[
1
0
]
,
elec
tr
o
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h
em
ic
al
d
estru
ctio
n
[
1
1
]
,
p
h
o
to
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
[
1
2
]
,
a
n
d
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
1
3
]
.
B
ec
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s
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o
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its
m
an
y
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
,
ea
s
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o
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d
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h
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an
d
ca
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am
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g
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p
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r
es wh
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co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
e
r
t
r
ea
tm
en
t m
eth
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d
s
[
1
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Alth
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p
r
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p
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o
f
th
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ac
tiv
at
ed
ca
r
b
o
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s
[
1
5
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Sev
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b
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ass
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h
av
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b
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test
ed
a
s
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th
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r
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d
u
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f
ac
tiv
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ca
r
b
o
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,
in
clu
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in
g
b
u
r
iti
s
h
ells
(
Ma
u
r
itia
flexu
o
s
a
L
.
)
[
1
6
]
,
waste
tea
[
1
7
]
,
h
az
eln
u
t
h
u
s
k
s
[
1
8
]
,
c
o
co
n
u
t
s
h
ells
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
Dip
lo
tax
is
h
ar
r
a
[
2
0
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
r
esear
ch
in
th
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ar
ea
h
as
n
o
t
y
ield
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ater
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th
at
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m
p
letely
s
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f
y
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
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ac
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r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
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Nap
h
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o
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Yello
w
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is
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d
y
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a
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ater
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[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
d
y
e
ca
n
im
p
a
r
t
g
o
o
d
co
l
o
r
to
tex
tile
f
ab
r
ics,
b
u
t
waste
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
cy
to
to
x
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
s
u
n
lig
h
t
ca
n
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
en
tr
y
o
f
wate
r
b
o
d
ies,
th
er
eb
y
in
ter
f
e
r
in
g
with
p
h
o
to
s
y
n
t
h
esis
in
th
e
air
.
B
io
r
em
ed
iatio
n
u
s
in
g
ce
r
t
ain
m
icr
o
o
r
g
a
n
is
m
s
h
as b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
in
d
y
e
waste
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
in
etics
o
f
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
to
x
ic
tex
tile
d
y
e
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
i
n
wastewate
r
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
lies
in
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
as
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
f
o
r
th
is
d
y
e,
wh
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
wastewate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
r
em
o
v
in
g
h
ar
m
f
u
l
d
y
es
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ef
f
lu
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
in
g
n
at
u
r
al
waste
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
r
e
m
ed
iatio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
t
y
pes
a
nd
des
ig
ns
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
p
u
r
el
y
an
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
t
h
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
with
m
ass
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
o
f
0
.
1
,
0
.
2
,
an
d
0
.
3
g
r
a
m
s
.
E
ac
h
g
r
o
u
p
was
r
ep
licated
th
r
ice.
T
h
e
ad
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
ad
d
in
g
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
es
to
2
5
0
m
l
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
s
tirr
in
g
at
3
0
r
p
m
with
co
n
tact
tim
e.
Fil
tr
atio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
f
ilter
p
ap
er
t
o
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
b
iad
s
o
r
b
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
iltra
te.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
f
iltra
te
was
test
ed
i
n
th
e
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
y
e
af
ter
t
h
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
m
eth
o
d
.
B
an
an
a
p
ee
l
m
ater
ial
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
waste
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
o
m
esti
c
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
wh
er
ea
s
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
s
a
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
co
o
k
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Ar
tific
ial
w
ater
,
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l,
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
,
as
well
as
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
th
e
D
ep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Hea
lth
,
Po
ltek
k
es
Kem
en
k
es,
Su
r
ab
ay
a
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
o
bje
ct
T
h
e
o
b
ject
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
an
ar
tific
ial
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
s
o
lu
tio
n
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
N
ap
h
th
o
l
p
o
wd
er
with
a
n
in
itial
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
8
0
p
p
m
.
T
h
is
s
o
l
u
tio
n
was
th
en
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
u
s
in
g
ac
tiv
ated
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
c
o
r
n
co
b
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Ye
llo
w
S
d
y
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ated
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
w
er
e
th
en
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
x
-
r
a
y
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
(
XR
D
)
to
id
en
tif
y
an
d
an
aly
ze
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial,
an
d
s
ca
n
n
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
o
s
co
p
y
(
SEM
)
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le.
2
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
ins
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
was
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
a
b
atc
h
s
y
s
tem
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
s
o
lu
tio
n
u
s
in
g
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
co
r
n
co
b
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
ts
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
d
y
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
ac
tiv
atin
g
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
an
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
ac
tiv
ated
with
0
.
5
M
H2
SO4
.
E
n
ter
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
es,
n
am
ely
0
.
1
,
0
.
2
,
an
d
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
,
in
to
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
s
o
lu
tio
n
wh
o
s
e
d
y
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
k
n
o
w
n
.
Sti
r
r
in
g
was
th
en
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
a
s
p
ee
d
o
f
3
0
r
p
m
at
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
n
tact
tim
es,
n
am
ely
,
3
,
6
,
9
,
an
d
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
E
ac
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
was
r
ep
ea
ted
th
r
ee
tim
es.
Nap
h
th
o
l Y
ello
w
S d
y
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
was m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
ter
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
2
.
4
.
M
a
k
ing
ba
na
na
peel
a
nd
co
rnco
b
bio
a
ds
o
rbent
B
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
b
i
o
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
wer
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
tep
in
m
ak
in
g
a
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
is
cu
ttin
g
th
e
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
in
to
s
m
all
p
iec
es
an
d
th
en
wash
in
g
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
with
r
u
n
n
in
g
wate
r
u
n
til
it
is
clea
n
of
d
ir
t.
Nex
t,
th
e
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
was
d
r
ied
i
n
th
e
s
u
n
.
T
h
e
d
r
ied
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
was
p
lace
d
in
an
o
v
en
at
1
1
0
°C
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
w
as
p
lace
d
in
a
f
u
r
n
ac
e
at
a
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
4
0
0
°
C
f
o
r
2
h
o
u
r
s
u
n
til
it
b
ec
am
e
ca
r
b
o
n
.
T
h
e
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t,
wh
ich
was
co
n
v
e
r
ted
t
o
ca
r
b
o
n
,
was
th
e
n
co
o
led
in
a
d
esiccato
r
f
o
r
1
5
m
in
.
I
t
was
th
en
g
r
o
u
n
d
u
s
in
g
a
m
o
r
tar
an
d
p
estl
e
an
d
s
if
ted
u
s
in
g
a
120
-
m
esh
s
iev
e.
B
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
ac
tiv
atio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
s
o
a
k
in
g
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
ca
r
b
o
n
i
n
a
0
.
5
M
H
2
SO4
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
B
io
-
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
fr
o
m
b
a
n
a
n
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
c
o
r
n
co
b
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
N
a
p
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
ye
…
(
I
v
a
R
u
s
ta
n
ti E
r
i
)
257
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
al
s
o
b
ee
n
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
.
Af
ter
all
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
th
e
wate
r
co
n
ten
t,
ash
co
n
ten
t
,
an
d
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
ar
e
th
en
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
to
m
ee
t
th
e
ac
tiv
e
ca
r
b
o
n
q
u
ality
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
SNI
0
6
-
3
7
3
0
-
1
9
9
5
.
2
.
5
.
B
io
a
bs
o
rbent
a
ct
iv
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
ac
tiv
atin
g
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
s
,
m
ak
in
g
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Yello
w
S
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
ch
ec
k
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
d
y
es
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
C
h
em
is
tr
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
Hea
lth
,
Po
ltek
k
es
Kem
en
k
es,
Su
r
ab
ay
a
,
wh
ile
th
e
SEM
an
d
XR
D
test
s
f
o
r
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
a
n
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
at
th
e
I
n
s
titu
t
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
Sep
u
lu
h
No
p
e
m
b
er
(
ITS
)
Su
r
ab
ay
a
E
n
er
g
y
an
d
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
L
ab
o
r
at
o
r
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
c
o
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
e
n
ts
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l Y
ello
w
S d
y
e.
2
.
6
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n t
ec
hn
iqu
e
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
s
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
f
o
r
d
y
e
r
em
o
v
al,
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ata
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
f
r
o
m
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
waste,
s
p
ec
if
ically
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
Na
p
h
th
o
l Y
ello
w
S
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
th
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
a
0
.
5
M
H2
SO4
s
o
lu
tio
n
wer
e
c
r
itical
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
SEM
an
d
XR
D
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
ated
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
an
d
c
r
y
s
tallin
ity
,
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Y
ello
w
S
d
y
e
was
q
u
an
titativ
ely
ass
ess
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
te
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
t
h
e
ac
tiv
ated
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
.
T
h
is
m
u
lti
-
f
ac
eted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
e
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ials
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
y
e
r
em
o
v
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2
.
7
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
d
ata
we
r
e
an
al
y
ze
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
ely
an
d
a
n
aly
tic
ally
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
av
er
ag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
o
f
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
in
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
am
p
les
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
,
n
am
ely
(
0
.
1
,
0
.
2
,
a
n
d
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
)
an
d
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
ti
r
r
in
g
tim
es
(
3
,
6
,
9
a
n
d
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
)
two
-
way
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
(
ANOVA
)
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
B
ef
o
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
test
ed
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
ality
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
.
Af
ter
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
wer
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
,
an
ef
f
ec
t
test
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
u
s
in
g
an
ANOV
A.
Stati
s
tical
test
in
g
(
n
o
r
m
ality
test
,
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
test
,
an
d
two
-
way
ANO
VA
test
)
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
a
n
aly
ze
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
an
d
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
o
n
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
in
et
ics
o
f
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t in
r
e
d
u
cin
g
Nap
h
th
o
l Y
ello
w
S d
y
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
B
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
c
o
n
v
er
ted
in
to
ac
tiv
e
ca
r
b
o
n
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
q
u
ality
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
wa
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
e
th
er
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
f
r
o
m
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
m
et
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
SNI
0
6
-
3
7
3
0
-
1
9
9
5
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
tech
n
ically
a
ctiv
e
ch
ar
co
al.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
r
b
an
an
a
p
ee
ls
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
i
o
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
at
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
wer
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
4
.
6
7
a
n
d
6
.
1
2
%,
ash
co
n
ten
t
was
3
.
1
4
a
n
d
5
.
2
5
%,
an
d
io
d
in
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
a
city
am
o
u
n
tin
g
to
8
5
0
.
2
9
an
d
7
9
9
.
5
3
m
g
/g
.
Fro
m
th
e
th
r
ee
ac
tiv
e
ca
r
b
o
n
q
u
ality
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
ab
o
v
e,
it
is
k
n
o
wn
th
at
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
c
o
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
h
av
e
m
et
th
e
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
et
b
y
SNI
0
6
-
3
7
3
0
-
1
9
9
5
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
r
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
s
an
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
SNI
0
6
-
3
7
3
0
-
1
9
9
5
No
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
P
o
w
d
e
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
r
e
su
l
t
s
B
a
n
a
n
a
p
e
e
l
C
o
r
n
c
o
b
1
W
a
t
e
r
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
M
a
x
.
1
5
%
4
.
6
7
%
6
.
1
2
%
2
A
sh
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
M
a
x
1
0
%
3
.
1
4
%
5
.
2
5
%
3
A
b
so
r
p
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
I
2
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
M
i
n
.
7
5
0
m
g
/
g
8
5
0
.
2
9
m
g
/
g
7
9
9
.
5
3
m
g
/
g
3
.
1
.
Cha
ra
ct
er
iza
t
io
n
o
f
ba
na
na
peel
a
nd
co
rnco
b
bio
a
ds
o
rbe
nt
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
XR
D
te
s
t f
o
r
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
e
el
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
)
at
an
an
g
le
o
f
2
θ.
Sev
er
al
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
p
e
ak
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
d
if
f
r
ac
t
o
g
r
am
,
an
d
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
m
in
e
r
als
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
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r
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h
2
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5
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255
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6
7
258
co
n
tain
ed
th
e
r
ein
.
T
h
e
ty
p
ica
l
p
ea
k
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
at
an
an
g
le
o
f
2
θ
ar
e
24
.
3
6
0
,
2
8
.
2
8
0
,
4
0
.
5
1
0
,
an
d
5
0
.
1
1
0
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
ea
k
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
p
atter
n
at
an
an
g
le
o
f
2
θ
was
lo
ca
ted
at
2
8
.
2
8
0
°.
Po
tass
iu
m
ch
lo
r
id
e
was th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t m
in
er
al
i
n
th
e
b
a
n
an
a
-
p
ee
l b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t.
T
h
e
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
XR
D
at
a
n
an
g
le
o
f
2
θ.
T
h
e
d
if
f
r
ac
to
g
r
am
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
ical
p
ea
k
s
f
o
r
m
ed
at
an
g
les
o
f
2
θ,
n
am
ely
6
.
9
7
0
an
d
1
9
.
9
9
0
.
T
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
s
h
o
ws
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
ea
k
in
t
h
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
p
atter
n
at
2
θ=
6
.
9
7
0
°.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
m
in
er
al
in
t
h
e
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t w
as so
d
iu
m
eico
s
ap
en
taen
o
ic
ac
id
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dif
f
r
ac
to
g
r
a
m
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
(
a)
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t a
n
d
(
b
)
c
o
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
3
.
2
.
Sca
nn
ing
elec
t
ro
n m
icro
s
co
pe
t
est
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ated
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
SEM
.
T
h
e
SEM
test
aim
s
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
o
f
a
m
ate
r
ial
o
r
th
e
p
o
r
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
as
a
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
ch
an
g
es
in
ca
r
b
o
n
izatio
n
an
d
ac
tiv
atio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
es.
T
h
e
SEM
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
a
t
m
ag
n
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
2500
X
an
d
5
0
0
0
X
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
SEM
a
n
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
n
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
)
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
SEM
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
af
ter
ca
r
b
o
n
izatio
n
i
n
to
ch
a
r
co
al,
p
o
r
es
b
eg
an
to
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
ch
a
r
co
al
in
to
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
ca
u
s
es
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
p
o
r
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
H2
SO4
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
r
es to
b
ec
o
m
e
lar
g
er
an
d
o
p
en
ed
s
m
all
p
o
r
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
B
io
-
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
fr
o
m
b
a
n
a
n
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
c
o
r
n
co
b
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
N
a
p
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
ye
…
(
I
v
a
R
u
s
ta
n
ti E
r
i
)
259
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
H
2
SO4
o
p
en
s
th
e
p
o
r
es
in
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
-
ac
t
iv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
b
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o
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id
izin
g
it,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
its
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
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f
SEM
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aly
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is
o
n
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t,
it
s
h
o
wed
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h
at
p
o
r
es
wer
e
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
e
p
o
r
es
in
th
e
ac
tiv
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ca
r
b
o
n
wer
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o
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m
e
d
b
y
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
izatio
n
p
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s
s
at
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atu
r
e
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f
400
°
C
.
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ar
b
o
n
izatio
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d
eg
r
a
d
es
m
ater
ial
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m
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o
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en
ts
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r
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u
ce
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h
ar
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al.
I
n
ad
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itio
n
t
o
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
ac
tiv
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r
o
ce
s
s
was p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
H
2
SO4
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
SEM
an
al
y
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
n
(
a)
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
c
o
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
3
.
3
.
E
x
a
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
N
a
ph
t
ho
l Y
ello
w
S
dy
e
co
ncent
ra
t
io
n bef
o
re
a
nd
a
f
t
er
bio
a
ds
o
rbent
a
pp
lica
t
io
n
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
a
n
an
a
p
e
el
an
d
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
d
y
es
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
t
h
e
C
h
em
is
tr
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
Hea
lth
,
Po
ltek
k
es
Kem
en
k
es,
Su
r
ab
ay
a
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
av
er
ag
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
tr
ea
tm
en
t;
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
was
lo
we
r
th
a
n
th
at
b
e
f
o
r
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
d
y
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
u
s
ed
was
8
0
m
g
/L.
Fr
o
m
th
e
two
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
d
y
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
with
an
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
o
f
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
an
d
a
s
ti
r
r
in
g
tim
e
o
f
3
h
o
u
r
s
,
n
am
el
y
3
4
.
8
8
%,
w
h
ile
th
e
lo
west
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
d
y
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
t
h
e
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t g
r
o
u
p
w
ith
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ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
o
f
0
.
1
g
r
am
s
an
d
a
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
o
f
3
h
o
u
r
s
(
9
.
9
5
%).
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
t
h
o
l Y
ello
w
S d
y
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
b
i
o
a
d
s
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r
b
en
t
Ty
p
e
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d
so
rb
e
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t
M
a
ss
(g
r
ams
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n
tac
t
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m
e
(h
o
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rs)
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fo
re
Afte
r
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re
a
s
e
d
v
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lu
e
(m
g
/L
)
P
e
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n
tag
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d
e
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li
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e
(%
)
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n
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n
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p
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l
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1
3
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4
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8
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
5
:
255
-
2
6
7
260
3
.
4
.
Dif
f
er
ence
in
a
n
a
v
er
a
g
e
re
du
ct
io
n
in
t
he
co
ncent
ra
t
io
n
o
f
Na
ph
t
ho
l
Yello
w
S
dy
es
us
ing
ba
na
na
peel
a
nd
co
rnco
b
bio
a
ds
o
rbe
nts
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
ality
test
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Yell
o
w
S
d
y
e
u
s
in
g
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t,
th
e
P
-
v
al
u
e
v
ar
ied
in
th
e
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
(
0
.
1
,
0
.
2
,
an
d
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
)
an
d
s
tirr
in
g
tim
es
(
3
,
6
,
9
,
a
n
d
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
)
we
r
e
0
.
7
0
1
a
n
d
0
.
0
6
4
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
ata
f
alls
in
to
th
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Nex
t,
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
test
ed
f
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
wer
e
P
-
v
alu
e
s
o
f
0
.
1
6
2
a
n
d
0
.
2
9
6
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Af
ter
all
d
ata
wer
e
n
o
r
m
all
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
,
th
e
two
-
way
ANOV
A
test
was
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tw
o
-
way
ANOV
A
test
f
o
r
r
ed
u
c
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
u
s
in
g
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
th
e
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t m
ass
,
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
an
d
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
o
n
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
i
n
etics
o
f
th
e
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
Na
p
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
(
P=0
.
0
0
0
<0
.
0
0
5
)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
n
co
b
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
ty
p
e,
th
er
e
was
o
n
ly
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
o
n
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
i
n
etics
o
f
t
h
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
Na
p
h
th
o
l Y
ello
w
S d
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is
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p
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l Y
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
5
:
255
-
2
6
7
262
B
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p
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m
ater
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(
m
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[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
I
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[
2
5
]
.
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[
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Nap
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.
(
a)
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b
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(
c)
(
d
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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s
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g
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2
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]
.
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r
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6
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an
d
6
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esp
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eter
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ig
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th
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ig
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t,
wh
ic
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
B
io
-
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
fr
o
m
b
a
n
a
n
a
p
ee
l a
n
d
c
o
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co
b
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
N
a
p
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
ye
…
(
I
v
a
R
u
s
ta
n
ti E
r
i
)
263
r
em
ain
s
co
n
s
tan
t
i
f
all
th
e
wat
er
ev
ap
o
r
ates.
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r
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e
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r
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t
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f
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ca
r
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o
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en
s
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r
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th
e
q
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ality
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d
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f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ad
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r
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ess
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ad
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itio
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tim
ize
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i
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s
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r
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e
n
t p
r
o
d
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ctio
n
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ce
s
s
[
2
8
]
.
Dete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
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t
en
t
aim
s
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eter
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h
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ity
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r
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n
.
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h
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r
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w
th
at
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ash
co
n
ten
t i
n
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
two
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
As
th
e
ash
co
n
ten
t
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ac
ti
v
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
as
an
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t,
it is
im
p
o
r
tan
t to
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wh
en
u
s
in
g
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
[
2
9
]
.
Dete
r
m
in
in
g
th
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
a
n
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
a
g
en
er
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
qua
lity
o
f
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
t
h
e
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
n
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
was
8
5
0
.
2
9
m
g
/g
,
wh
ile
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
n
th
e
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
was
7
9
9
.
5
3
m
g
/
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
a
n
d
co
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
m
et
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
t
h
e
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
I
2
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
t
h
e
b
etter
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
XR
D
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
e
el
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
p
o
tass
iu
m
ch
lo
r
id
e
an
d
s
o
d
iu
m
eico
s
a
p
en
taen
o
ic
as
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
m
in
er
als.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
p
ea
k
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
2
θ=
2
8
.
2
8
0
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
o
th
er
p
ea
k
s
wer
e
at
6
.
9
7
0
an
d
1
9
.
9
9
0
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
e
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
ir
p
o
ten
tial
ap
p
licatio
n
in
w
astewater
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
win
g
to
th
eir
m
in
er
al
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
m
in
er
al
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
ca
n
b
e
b
en
e
f
icial
f
o
r
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
wastewate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
co
v
e
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
p
ea
k
at
2
θ=
2
8
.
2
8
0
°
was a
ls
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l in
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
m
in
er
als in
t
h
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t sam
p
les.
T
h
e
SEM
ex
am
in
atio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
m
ag
n
i
f
icatio
n
s
o
f
2
5
0
0
X
a
n
d
5
0
0
0
X
.
SEM
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
s
h
o
wed
th
at
af
ter
ca
r
b
o
n
i
za
tio
n
in
to
ch
ar
c
o
al,
p
o
r
es
b
eg
an
to
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
ch
a
r
co
al
in
to
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
ca
u
s
es
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
p
o
r
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
H2
SO4
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
r
es to
b
ec
o
m
e
lar
g
er
an
d
o
p
en
ed
s
m
all
p
o
r
es.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
H2
SO4
o
p
e
n
s
th
e
p
o
r
es in
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
-
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
b
y
o
x
id
izin
g
it,
th
er
eb
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
its
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
[
3
2
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
SEM
an
aly
s
is
o
n
c
o
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t,
it
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
p
o
r
es
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
e
p
o
r
es
f
o
r
m
ed
wer
e
n
o
t
t
o
o
ti
g
h
t,
an
d
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t,
wh
ich
was
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Yello
w
d
y
e.
T
h
e
p
o
r
es
in
th
e
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
wer
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
i
za
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
a
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
4
0
0
°
C
.
C
ar
b
o
n
izatio
n
d
eg
r
a
d
es
m
ater
ial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
c
h
ar
c
o
al.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
ca
r
b
o
n
izatio
n
,
ac
tiv
atio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
H2
SO4
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
er
e
was
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
y
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
af
ter
tr
ea
tm
en
t
was
lo
wer
th
an
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
Dis
p
o
s
al
o
f
co
lo
r
e
d
wastewate
r
,
s
u
ch
as
th
at
in
th
e
tex
tile
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
d
a
m
ag
es
th
e
ae
s
th
etics
o
f
th
e
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
waste.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
ca
n
also
t
h
r
ea
ten
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
life
o
f
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
[
3
4
]
.
C
o
lo
r
ed
waste
ca
n
p
o
is
o
n
a
q
u
atic
b
io
ta
in
th
e
wate
r
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
n
ce
n
t
r
ated
d
y
es
ca
n
b
lo
ck
s
u
n
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
p
en
etr
atin
g
wate
r
b
o
d
ies,
th
er
eb
y
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
p
h
o
to
s
y
n
th
esi
s
[
3
6
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
litt
le
o
x
y
g
en
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
o
t
o
s
y
n
th
esis
,
wh
ich
d
is
r
u
p
ts
aq
u
atic
b
io
ta.
T
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Na
p
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
af
ter
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
an
a
n
a
p
ee
l
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
b
io
a
d
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
(
0
.
1
,
0
.
2
,
a
n
d
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
a
n
d
s
tir
r
in
g
tim
es
(
3
,
6
,
9
,
an
d
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
v
alu
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
es,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
B
ased
o
n
T
a
b
le
2
,
th
e
2
4
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
b
est
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
a
n
d
s
tirr
in
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Ye
llo
w
S
d
y
e
is
at
a
n
a
d
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
m
ass
o
f
0
.
3
g
r
am
s
with
a
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
o
f
3
h
o
u
r
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
est
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
a
s
s
an
d
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
f
o
r
co
r
n
c
o
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
ar
e
at
an
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t m
ass
o
f
0
.
2
g
r
am
s
with
a
m
ix
in
g
tim
e
o
f
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t m
ass
an
d
o
p
tim
al
s
tirr
in
g
tim
e
ca
n
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
an
d
th
e
d
y
e
to
b
e
a
d
s
o
r
b
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
h
i
g
h
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
v
alu
e
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
m
a
x
im
u
m
ef
f
i
cien
cy
in
th
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
An
o
p
tim
al
d
o
es
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
m
ea
n
th
e
lo
n
g
est
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
ab
u
n
d
an
t,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
m
ass
an
d
s
tirr
i
n
g
tim
e,
s
o
th
at
th
e
b
io
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
r
u
n
ef
f
i
cien
tly
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
ed
u
ctio
n
v
alu
e
a
n
d
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
a
n
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
wer
e
2
7
.
9
1
m
g
/l
an
d
3
4
.
8
8
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
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ce
s
in
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h
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ass
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s
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Ho
wev
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e
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4
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4
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2
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9
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4
5
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0
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9
3
6
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
ela
tio
n
co
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f
icien
t
(
R
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in
th
e
L
a
n
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is
hi
g
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er
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h
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th
at
in
th
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u
n
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lich
eq
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n
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
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ad
s
o
r
p
tio
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p
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ce
s
s
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
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an
g
m
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is
o
th
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m
al
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
m
o
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el.
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h
is
is
o
th
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m
al
ad
s
o
r
p
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n
m
o
d
e
l
ass
u
m
es
th
at
th
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ad
s
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p
tio
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at
o
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u
r
s
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in
f
l
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en
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d
m
o
r
e
b
y
ch
em
ic
al
in
t
er
ac
tio
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s
,
s
u
ch
t
h
at
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
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w
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b
y
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
is
f
o
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m
ed
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ec
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s
e
o
f
th
e
ch
e
m
ical
b
o
n
d
b
etwe
en
Nap
h
th
o
l
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w
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d
th
e
ca
r
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o
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y
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g
r
o
u
p
f
o
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n
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
e
ca
r
b
o
n
.
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h
e
L
a
n
g
m
u
ir
is
o
th
er
m
m
o
d
el
ass
u
m
es
th
at
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
ites
o
n
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
b
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
lead
in
g
to
a
m
o
n
o
la
y
er
c
o
v
er
a
g
e.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
a
m
o
r
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lo
ca
lized
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
Nap
h
th
o
l
Y
ello
w
S
an
d
ac
tiv
ated
ca
r
b
o
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
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u
n
d
lich
m
o
d
el.
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er
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t
h
e
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g
m
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ir
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m
m
o
d
el
p
r
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v
id
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m
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d
etailed
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er
s
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d
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g
o
f
th
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ad
s
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p
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s
s
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y
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p
h
a
s
izin
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th
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f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
lay
er
o
f
a
d
s
o
r
b
ate
m
o
lec
u
les
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
wh
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ad
s
o
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p
tio
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o
cc
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r
s
at
s
p
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if
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s
ites
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ter
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s
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etwe
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t
h
e
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s
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r
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ate
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n
d
th
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r
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n
t.
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h
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r
p
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ca
p
ac
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f
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ated
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ip
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th
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f
th
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a
d
s
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p
ac
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a
n
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a
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a
n
d
co
r
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co
b
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
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s
in
d
icate
th
at
b
o
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m
ater
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ad
h
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d
to
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L
an
g
m
u
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r
m
m
o
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el,
wh
ich
is
in
d
icativ
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o
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m
o
n
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l
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er
ad
s
o
r
p
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n
o
n
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
with
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f
i
n
ite
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
i
d
en
tical
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ites
.
T
h
e
ca
l
cu
lated
m
ax
im
u
m
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
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ca
p
ac
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4
.
6
5
1
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g
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o
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n
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p
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d
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m
g
/
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r
n
co
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.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
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f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
waste
m
ater
ials
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
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a
d
s
o
r
b
en
ts
f
o
r
d
y
e
r
e
m
o
v
al,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
waste
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
r
eg
en
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
ese
b
i
o
ad
s
o
r
b
en
ts
an
d
t
h
eir
ef
f
icac
y
in
r
ea
l w
astewater
tr
e
atm
en
t scen
ar
io
s
.
Ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
in
etics
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
v
ar
i
o
u
s
k
in
e
tic
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
in
etics
o
f
Nap
h
th
o
l
Yello
w
S
d
y
e
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
p
lo
ttin
g
a
lin
ea
r
cu
r
v
e
o
f
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
k
in
eti
cs
m
o
d
el
eq
u
atio
n
.
Z
er
o
-
o
r
d
er
,
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ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
,
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d
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
k
in
etic
m
o
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els
we
r
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
m
ass
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
k
in
etic
m
o
d
el
was
g
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
with
a
m
ass
o
f
0
.
3
g
r
a
m
s
an
d
co
r
n
co
b
s
with
a
m
ass
o
f
0
.
2
g
r
am
s
with
s
ti
r
r
in
g
tim
es
o
f
3
,
6
,
9
,
an
d
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
k
in
etic
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
r
esu
lts
th
at
b
est
m
atch
ed
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
Nap
h
t
h
o
l
Ye
llo
w
S
d
y
e
f
o
llo
wed
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
k
in
eti
cs.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
r
em
o
v
e
d
y
es
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
waste
u
s
in
g
n
atu
r
al
b
io
ad
s
o
r
b
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
aster
th
e
tim
e
r
e
q
u
ir
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to
r
ea
ch
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q
u
ilib
r
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m
,
th
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h
ig
h
er
th
e
a
d
s
o
r
p
tio
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r
ea
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r
ate
[
4
1
]
.
Ad
s
o
r
p
tio
n
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
was
o
b
tain
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wh
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tact
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u
m
b
e
r
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f
ad
s
o
r
b
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io
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s
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
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n
s
o
f
th
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ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
tirr
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tim
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ed
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g
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