I
A
E
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
2
,
A
pr
il
20
25
, pp.
1634
~
1641
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
i.
v
14
.i
2
.pp
1634
-
1641
1634
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
ai
.
ia
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s
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.c
om
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val
u
at
i
n
g C
h
at
G
P
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s M
an
d
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p
r
on
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nt
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or
t
he
P
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om
ot
i
on o
f
K
now
l
e
dge
a
nd L
a
ngua
ge
L
e
a
r
ni
ng, U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
S
a
ba
h,
K
i
na
ba
l
u
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
E
ngl
i
s
h
,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
H
um
a
ni
t
i
e
s
a
nd S
oc
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
s
,
S
out
he
r
n U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
C
ol
l
e
ge
,
J
ohor
, M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
J
a
n 5,
2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
N
ov 7, 2024
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
N
ov 14, 20
24
By
incorporating
voice
control
technology
into
ChatGPT,
it
be
comes
possible
to
engage
in
conversations
or
dialogues
with
individuals
who
are
actively
engaged
in
the
process
of
acquiring
language
skills.
Our
stud
y
team
conducted
a
modest
experiment
to
evaluate
the
efficacy
of
a
voice
control
feedback
system
in
facilitati
ng
the
mastery
of
the
most
chall
enging
pronunciation
of
the
Mandarin
syllable
"
yue"
.
The
objective
of
this
st
udy
is
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
voice
-
controll
ed
ChatGPT
in
aiding
l
earners
to
acquire
accurate
pronunciation
of
the
Mandarin
phoneme
"
yue"
.
Further
more,
the
study
seeks
to
inv
estiga
te
the
methods
utilised
by
the
ChatGPT
model
in
identifyin
g
and
distinguishing
the
word
"
yue"
wh
en
it
is
used
alone
or
in
combination
with
"
ye"
and
"
yi
"
.
We
employed
many testing
approaches,
includi
ng
single
-
word
instances,
paired
instances,
a
nd
the
integration
of
phrases.
In
addition,
we
ev
aluated
the
model'
s
abi
lity
to
accurately
detect
the
term
"
yue"
in
short
sentences
and,
ultim
atel
y,
in
a
longer sen
tence.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
ha
tG
P
T
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
M
a
nda
r
in
V
oi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
Y
ue
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
S
w
e
e
M
e
e
T
a
n
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
ngl
is
h,
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
H
um
a
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd S
oc
ia
l
S
c
ie
nc
e
s
, S
out
he
r
n U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
C
ol
le
ge
P
T
D
64888,
S
t.
S
e
la
ta
n U
ta
m
a
, K
M
15, Of
f
, S
kuda
i
L
bh,
81300 S
kuda
i
,
J
ohor
, M
a
la
ys
ia
E
m
a
il
:
ta
ns
m
@
s
c
.e
du.my
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
D
e
s
pi
te
e
a
r
li
e
r
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
s
tu
di
e
s
a
dm
it
ti
ng
th
e
he
lp
f
ul
s
uppor
t
pr
ovi
de
d
by
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
A
I
)
f
or
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng,
th
e
r
e
is
c
ont
in
uous
s
pe
c
ul
a
ti
on
ove
r
th
e
us
e
f
ul
ne
s
s
of
C
ha
tGP
T
in
th
is
do
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a
in
.
R
e
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e
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r
c
h
ha
s
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m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
te
c
hnol
ogy
in
to
l
a
ngua
ge
a
c
qui
s
it
io
n
c
a
n s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
im
pr
ove
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
of
bot
h
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
te
a
c
hi
ng
la
ngua
ge
s
.
B
r
a
ta
a
nd
B
r
a
ta
[
1]
pr
om
ot
e
th
e
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
of
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
by
us
in
g
m
e
nt
a
l
m
ode
ls
.
L
a
a
to
e
t
a
l
.
[
2]
d
is
c
us
s
e
s
th
a
t
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
ti
on
te
a
c
he
r
s
m
us
t
a
da
pt
th
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ir
m
e
th
odol
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s
to
in
te
gr
a
te
A
I
in
nova
ti
ve
le
a
r
ni
ng
m
ode
s
a
nd
th
e
a
dve
nt
of
la
r
ge
la
ngua
ge
m
od
e
l
(
LLM
)
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
i
s
pr
of
oundly a
lt
e
r
in
g pe
da
gogy in hi
ghe
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e
duc
a
ti
on.
W
e
ul
ti
m
a
te
ly
of
f
e
r
a
na
r
r
a
ti
ve
t
o
r
e
f
le
c
t
on
our
AI
-
dr
iv
e
n f
ut
ur
e
.
U
s
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
c
a
n
e
xp
e
di
te
th
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
a
c
qui
r
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g
M
a
nda
r
i
n
pr
of
ic
ie
nc
y
th
r
ough
A
I
.
T
hi
s
s
tu
dy
a
im
s
to
pr
ovi
de
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
a
ppr
oa
c
h
f
or
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
a
c
qui
r
in
g
th
e
in
tr
ic
a
te
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on
of
th
e
M
a
nda
r
in
s
yl
la
bl
e
"
yue
"
us
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
.
T
he
di
s
put
e
s
a
r
ound
th
e
r
ol
e
s
of
A
I
a
nd
hum
a
ns
in
la
ngua
ge
a
c
qui
s
it
io
n
a
r
e
f
oc
us
e
d
on
two
m
a
in
a
s
pe
c
ts
:
i)
th
e
im
pa
c
t
of
A
I
on
le
a
r
ne
r
s
'
m
ot
iv
a
ti
on
a
nd
in
di
vi
dua
l
c
ogni
ti
ve
c
a
pa
c
it
y
a
nd
ii
)
th
e
c
om
pl
e
xi
ty
o
f
A
I
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
p
r
onunc
ia
ti
on.
M
ul
ti
pl
e
pr
e
vi
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
unde
r
ta
ke
n
on
th
e
a
s
s
oc
i
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
A
I
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
n
d
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ni
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or
a
c
qui
s
it
io
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e
x
a
m
in
in
g
it
f
r
om
va
r
io
us
pe
r
s
pe
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ti
ve
s
.
T
he
f
in
di
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a
ls
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lu
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t
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t
th
e
a
dva
nc
e
m
e
nt
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A
I
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s
pr
ovi
de
d
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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A
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I
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:
2252
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8938
E
v
al
uat
in
g C
hat
G
P
T
’
s
M
andar
in
“
y
ue
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pr
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y
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m
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anguage
l
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Y
ok
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L
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au
)
1635
e
xt
e
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iv
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s
uppor
t
of
la
ngua
ge
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r
ni
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a
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w
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d
pos
s
ib
ly
s
uppl
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a
n
in
s
tr
uc
to
r
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
e
s
e
e
a
bl
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. H
ow
e
ve
r
, t
he
pot
e
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l
tr
a
je
c
to
r
y of
t
hi
s
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ve
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e
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i
s
c
ondi
ti
one
d f
or
f
ur
th
e
r
i
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
ons
[
3]
.
A
dyna
m
ic
a
dv
a
nc
e
m
e
nt
a
nd
w
id
e
s
pr
e
a
d
a
dopt
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n
of
A
I
a
t
th
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
r
a
e
lu
c
id
a
te
s
bot
h
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
onc
e
r
ns
in
th
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f
ie
ld
of
la
ngu
a
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng,
p
a
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
,
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
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M
a
nda
r
in
a
s
a
s
e
c
ond
or
f
or
e
ig
n
la
ngua
ge
f
or
th
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
tu
dy.
O
n
one
h
a
nd,
th
e
s
up
por
t
of
A
I
c
a
n
he
lp
a
c
hi
e
v
e
a
n
opt
im
a
l
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gr
e
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of
la
ngua
ge
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r
ni
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w
he
r
e
by
th
e
le
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s
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il
l
be
gi
v
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a
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ngua
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.
W
it
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s
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e
nt
of
A
I
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to
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om
pl
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ly
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l
a
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e
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or
t
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ne
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s
.
M
a
n
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h
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l
a
r
s
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s
i
n
g
C
h
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tG
P
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a
s
a
p
p
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t
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s
of
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n
d
p
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f
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t
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y
i
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g M
a
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C
h
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. S
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a
r
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e
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r
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h w
a
s
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o
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c
t
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d b
y H
u
n
g a
n
d C
h
e
n
[
4]
.
T
h
e
y i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
t
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d t
h
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o
s
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n
d
c
o
n
s
of
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s
i
n
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C
h
a
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P
T
by
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h
i
n
e
s
e
s
t
ud
e
n
t
s
in
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
.
T
hi
s
s
t
u
d
y
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
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ul
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t
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m
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C
h
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n
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c
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r
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t
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t
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r
d
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d
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ic
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h
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s
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h
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r
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n
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a
ti
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ld
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g
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n
v
e
r
b
a
l
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
a
ti
o
n
[
4]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
s
e
n
s
i
ti
v
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ty
f
o
r
A
I
to
pr
o
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c
e
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n
s
o
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n
d
s
a
r
e
q
u
e
s
ti
o
n
a
b
l
e
a
s
s
o
m
e
of
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
t
i
c
s
o
u
n
d
s
a
r
e
d
i
s
t
in
c
t
i
v
e
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
M
a
n
d
a
r
i
n
s
y
l
l
a
b
u
s
.
F
or
e
x
a
m
pl
e
,
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
ti
c
t
r
a
n
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
"
ü"
p
h
o
n
e
m
e
e
x
h
i
bi
t
s
a
d
i
s
t
in
c
t
a
n
d
e
x
a
c
t
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
in
t
h
e
M
a
n
d
a
r
i
n
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
on
t
e
x
t
o
f
l
e
t
t
e
r
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
,
it
i
s
ob
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
l
e
t
t
e
r
s
x
,
y
,
j,
a
n
d
q
a
r
e
d
e
n
o
t
e
d
a
s
"
x
u
"
,
"
y
u
"
,
"
j
u"
,
a
n
d
"
q
u"
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
e
x
i
s
t
s
a
n
o
t
a
b
l
e
di
s
p
a
r
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
pr
o
n
u
n
c
i
a
t
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
vo
w
e
l
"
ü"
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
v
o
w
e
l
"
u"
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
on
o
f
hu
m
a
n
i
n
s
tr
u
c
t
or
s
,
a
s
i
g
n
if
i
c
a
nt
n
um
b
e
r
o
f
i
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
r
e
s
ti
l
l
e
n
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
i
ng
d
if
f
i
c
u
l
ti
e
s
w
h
e
n
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
i
ng
t
o
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
l
y
a
r
ti
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
vo
w
e
l
"
ü
"
.
I
n
li
ght
of
th
is
,
ta
ki
ng
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
s
one
of
th
e
A
I
la
ngu
a
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
s
,
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
a
im
of
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
s
t
o c
ondu
c
t
a
t
hor
ough a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
t
he
C
ha
tG
P
T
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
i
n e
nha
nc
in
g t
he
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
of
la
ngua
g
e
le
a
r
ne
r
s
w
it
h
th
e
s
ys
te
m
.
T
he
c
ol
le
c
te
d
te
a
m
ha
s
m
a
de
a
c
ol
le
c
ti
ve
de
c
is
io
n
to
e
m
pl
oy
th
e
te
r
m
"
yue
"
a
s
a
te
s
t
c
a
s
e
to
e
va
lu
a
te
th
e
le
ve
l
of
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y
e
xhi
bi
te
d
by
th
e
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
in
C
h
a
tG
P
T
.
A
n
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
w
a
s
unde
r
ta
k
e
n
ut
il
iz
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
s
a
m
e
a
n
s
to
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
th
e
in
s
tr
uc
ti
on
of
th
e
in
tr
ic
a
te
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on
of
th
e
M
a
nda
r
i
n
s
yl
la
bl
e
"
yue
"
.
T
he
te
r
m
is
f
or
m
e
d
by
th
e
a
m
a
lg
a
m
a
ti
on of
t
he
c
ons
ona
nt
"
y"
, t
he
vow
e
l
"
ü"
, a
nd t
he
vow
e
l
"
e
"
.
Y
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
5]
de
ve
lo
pe
d
a
n
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
te
m
f
or
a
M
a
nda
r
in
-
T
ib
e
ta
n
m
ul
ti
li
ngua
l
le
a
r
ni
ng
w
e
bs
it
e
w
hi
c
h
c
om
m
e
nc
e
s
f
iv
e
c
our
s
e
s
ba
s
e
d
on
T
ib
e
ta
n
pr
im
a
r
y
s
c
h
ool
M
a
nda
r
in
te
xt
books
.
T
he
pr
oj
e
c
t
r
e
c
r
ui
te
d
15
T
ib
e
ta
n
s
tu
de
nt
s
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
a
nd
pr
opos
e
d
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
s
a
f
te
r
th
e
y
w
e
nt
th
r
ough
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
le
a
r
ni
ng
m
odul
e
s
.
T
he
c
or
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
pr
ovi
de
s
a
n
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
o
n
th
e
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
m
odul
e
.
S
tu
de
nt
s
w
e
r
e
a
ll
ow
e
d
to
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
pr
onounc
in
g
c
l
a
s
s
-
t
a
ught
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
s
,
phr
a
s
e
s
,
a
nd
te
xt
s
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
or
di
na
r
y
s
e
nt
e
nc
e
s
.
S
ub
s
e
que
nt
ly
,
in
th
e
s
e
c
ond
m
odul
e
,
s
tu
de
nt
s
w
oul
d
go
th
r
ough
a
gr
a
de
-
le
ve
l
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
on t
he
M
a
nda
r
in
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on of
s
om
e
l
ib
r
a
r
y i
te
m
s
a
nd ba
s
ic
c
la
s
s
r
oom
t
hi
ngs
.
U
s
i
ng
C
h
a
tG
P
T
f
o
r
l
a
n
gu
a
g
e
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
n
e
w
tr
e
nd
i
n r
e
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
r
s
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
tu
di
e
s
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
t
h
e
r
ol
e
of
C
h
a
tG
P
T
in
l
a
ng
u
a
g
e
a
c
q
ui
s
it
io
n
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
.
K
l
y
s
hb
e
ko
v
a
[
6
]
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d
if
c
h
a
t
-
b
o
t
s
c
o
ul
d h
e
l
p
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
nd
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
i
n l
e
a
r
ni
ng
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
s
.
T
hi
s
s
t
u
dy
e
xa
m
i
n
e
d
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
w
a
y
s
t
h
a
t
c
h
a
t
-
b
ot
s
c
a
n
a
i
d
l
a
ng
u
a
ge
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
.
L
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
7
]
s
t
ud
i
e
d
h
ow
pr
e
c
i
s
e
ly
th
e
te
c
h
ni
c
a
l
a
f
f
or
d
a
n
c
e
of
C
h
a
tG
P
T
c
a
n
r
e
pl
ic
a
t
e
h
u
m
a
n
i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
on
,
m
on
it
or
in
g
li
n
gu
i
s
t
i
c
a
m
b
ig
ui
ty
in
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
l
a
n
gu
a
g
e
a
c
qu
i
s
i
ti
on
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
ud
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
t
h
e
e
du
c
a
t
io
n
a
l
a
f
f
o
r
d
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
C
h
a
tG
P
T
i
n
s
e
ve
r
a
l
l
a
n
gu
a
g
e
s
a
s
a
d
dr
e
s
s
e
d
a
c
r
o
s
s
Y
o
u
T
u
b
e
la
n
gu
a
ge
gr
o
up
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
dy
a
l
s
o
a
tt
e
m
p
t
e
d
t
o
i
de
nt
if
y
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
C
ha
tG
P
T
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
io
n
b
e
s
t
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
f
or
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
.
C
om
pe
ll
in
g
de
ba
te
s
on
th
e
a
da
pt
a
bi
li
ty
of
C
h
a
tG
P
T
pe
da
gogy
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
pos
s
ib
il
it
ie
s
ha
s
b
e
e
n
dyna
m
ic
a
ll
y
e
nga
g
e
d
by
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
c
hol
a
r
s
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
of
la
ngu
a
ge
a
c
qui
s
it
io
n
.
C
a
c
ic
io
a
nd
R
ig
g
s
[
8]
a
r
gue
d
th
a
t
a
dul
t
le
a
r
ne
r
s
c
a
n
s
e
lf
-
r
e
gul
a
te
th
e
i
r
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
th
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
ll
y
a
dva
nc
e
d
s
e
tt
in
g
w
it
h
m
a
ny
be
ne
f
it
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
la
ngua
ge
in
s
tr
uc
to
r
s
’
ongoing
gui
da
nc
e
a
nd
s
uppor
t.
T
he
ir
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
m
e
th
ods
w
it
h
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
di
gi
ta
l
to
ol
s
in
la
ngua
ge
te
a
c
hi
ng
to
im
pr
ove
th
e
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
hum
a
n
in
s
tr
uc
to
r
s
a
nd
A
I
in
la
ngua
g
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
f
or
a
dul
ts
.
T
hos
e
a
du
lt
le
a
r
ne
r
s
s
houl
d
m
a
s
te
r
a
di
gi
ta
l
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
be
f
or
e
us
in
g
it
,
a
nd
s
im
il
a
r
ly
,
la
ngua
ge
in
s
tr
uc
to
r
s
c
oul
d
a
ls
o
le
a
r
n
ne
w
a
bi
li
ti
e
s
w
it
h
th
e
ir
s
tu
de
nt
s
.
T
hi
s
a
c
ti
vi
ty
i
ll
us
tr
a
te
d t
he
i
m
por
ta
nc
e
of
s
ki
ll
i
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
i
n l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd i
ns
tr
uc
to
r
s
’
da
il
y l
if
e
[
9]
, [
10]
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng t
o
C
a
nnon
[
11]
, D
r
. M
or
to
n A
nn
G
e
r
ns
ba
c
he
r
c
om
m
e
nc
e
d c
la
s
s
e
s
to
t
e
a
c
h s
tu
de
nt
s
u
s
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
by
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
m
or
e
r
e
s
pons
ib
le
a
nd
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
pr
in
c
ip
le
s
a
nd
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
.
A
pa
r
t
f
r
om
th
is
,
V
a
c
c
in
o
-
S
a
lv
a
dor
e
[
12]
c
ont
e
nde
d
th
a
t
C
ha
t
G
P
T
in
e
duc
a
ti
on
ha
s
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
le
a
r
ne
r
s
’
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
.
N
e
ve
r
th
e
le
s
s
,
th
e
a
bu
s
e
of
us
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
th
e
a
c
a
de
m
ic
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
ne
e
de
d
to
be
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
a
s
it
in
vol
ve
d
im
por
ta
nt
e
th
ic
a
l
is
s
ue
s
.
G
iv
e
n
a
r
a
pi
d
pr
ogr
e
s
s
of
A
I
,
e
duc
a
to
r
s
a
nd
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
to
r
s
m
us
t
c
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
e
xa
m
in
e
t
he
e
th
ic
a
l
im
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
i
n l
a
ngu
a
ge
t
r
a
in
in
g a
nd othe
r
f
ie
ld
s
[
13]
–
[
17]
.
F
o
c
u
s
i
ng
o
n
u
s
in
g
C
h
a
tG
P
T
a
s
a
m
od
e
l,
H
e
a
n
d
G
a
r
n
e
r
[
18]
e
xa
m
in
e
d
th
e
c
o
g
ni
ti
ve
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
u
s
i
ng
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
L
M
. T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
i
m
s
t
o
c
o
nt
r
i
bu
te
t
o t
h
e
c
ur
r
e
n
t
d
e
b
a
te
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
gn
it
iv
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
m
od
e
r
n
L
L
M
. O
n
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
nd
,
L
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
9]
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
d e
l
e
v
e
n s
e
t
s
of
d
a
t
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
om
s
i
x
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g a
c
ti
v
it
ie
s
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
t
h
e
c
om
pr
e
he
n
s
i
o
n
le
v
e
l
s
of
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
h
o
u
s
e
d
C
h
a
tG
P
T
i
n
th
e
r
e
a
d
in
g
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
of
C
h
in
e
s
e
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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2252
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8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
2
,
A
pr
il
20
25
:
1634
-
1641
1636
T
h
e
e
m
pi
r
i
c
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
ho
w
e
d
t
h
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C
h
a
tG
P
T
p
e
r
f
or
m
e
d
w
e
ll
i
n
s
e
n
ti
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
s
um
m
a
r
iz
a
ti
on
,
a
nd
r
e
a
di
ng
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
n
s
i
on
f
or
C
hi
n
e
s
e
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
C
ha
tG
P
T
i
s
pr
o
n
e
to
s
h
o
w
f
a
c
t
u
a
l
i
n
a
c
c
ur
a
c
i
e
s
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
ll
y
w
h
e
n
a
n
s
w
e
r
in
g
in
qu
ir
ie
s
w
it
ho
u
t
e
x
te
r
n
a
l
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
.
T
h
e
ir
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
l
s
o
s
ug
g
e
s
t
s
t
ha
t
a
di
r
e
c
t
c
h
a
i
n
-
of
-
th
ou
g
ht
pr
om
pt
c
a
n
im
pr
ov
e
C
h
a
tG
P
T
'
s
pr
e
c
i
s
io
n
in
i
nt
r
i
c
a
t
e
r
e
a
s
o
ni
ng
f
o
r
tw
o
m
or
e
c
om
p
le
x
C
hi
n
e
s
e
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
on
t
a
s
k
s
,
i
di
o
m
f
il
l
-
in
-
th
e
-
b
l
a
n
k
a
nd
c
a
n
ts
u
nd
e
r
s
t
a
n
di
n
g.
M
e
a
n
w
h
il
e
,
W
a
ng
[
20]
a
l
s
o
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
in
t
e
r
n
a
ti
on
a
l
C
h
in
e
s
e
l
a
ng
u
a
g
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
A
I
.
T
hi
s
s
t
u
dy
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
ho
w
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
t
e
c
h
no
lo
g
y
of
A
I
ha
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
C
hi
n
e
s
e
l
a
n
g
ua
g
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
ng
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
in
g.
I
n
a
dd
i
ti
on
,
t
h
e
r
e
p
or
t
a
l
s
o
i
nv
e
s
ti
ga
t
e
d
th
e
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
or
y
of
C
h
a
tG
P
T
i
n f
u
tu
r
e
,
t
he
po
t
e
n
ti
a
l
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
,
a
n
d
i
m
pr
o
ve
m
e
nt
s
o
f
th
i
s
a
p
pl
ic
a
ti
on
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
.
A
gr
oup
of
a
c
a
de
m
ic
s
c
onduc
te
d
a
s
tu
dy
on
th
e
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
of
lo
c
a
l
la
ngua
ge
s
to
a
c
knowl
e
dge
li
ngui
s
ti
c
di
ve
r
s
it
y,
e
nha
nc
e
in
te
r
c
ul
tu
r
a
l
c
om
pr
e
he
n
s
io
n,
s
a
f
e
gua
r
d
e
nda
nge
r
e
d
la
ngua
ge
s
,
a
nd
e
nh
a
nc
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y
to
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
[
21]
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on,
A
I
c
a
n
a
ls
o
a
id
in
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
lo
w
-
r
e
s
our
c
e
la
ngua
ge
s
[
22]
,
[
23]
.
A
nna
m
a
la
i
e
t
al
.
[
24]
a
s
s
e
r
t
th
a
t
th
e
i
r
f
i
ndi
ngs
r
e
ve
a
l
c
ha
tb
ot
s
la
c
k
e
m
ot
io
na
l
c
ont
e
xt
a
nd
di
s
s
e
m
in
a
te
in
a
c
c
ur
a
te
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
c
onc
e
r
ni
ng
E
ngl
is
h
la
ngua
ge
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
.
S
tu
de
nt
s
s
ugge
s
te
d
th
a
t
c
ha
tb
ot
s
be
e
m
pl
oye
d
s
ol
e
ly
f
or
e
va
lu
a
ti
ve
r
e
a
s
ons
in
e
duc
a
ti
on.
T
he
s
tu
de
nt
s
a
l
s
o
s
uppor
te
d
th
a
t
a
hybr
id
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
oa
c
h
or
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
c
la
s
s
r
oom
in
s
tr
uc
ti
on
to
m
it
ig
a
te
th
e
ir
doubts
a
f
te
r
th
e
us
e
of
c
ha
tb
ot
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
onduc
te
d by
S
uya
nt
o
e
t
al
.
[
25]
f
oc
us
s
e
s
on t
he
f
ie
ld
of
r
e
a
di
ng c
om
pr
e
he
ns
io
n. T
hi
s
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
s
th
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
of
A
I
t
o a
s
s
is
t
in
m
ul
ti
pl
e
doma
in
s
of
l
a
ngua
ge
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
he
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
tu
dy a
dopt
e
d a
m
e
th
odol
ogy de
s
c
r
ib
e
d by
K
ohnke
e
t
al
.
[
15
]
. T
he
m
ode
l
is
de
s
ig
ne
d t
o
te
s
t
th
e
f
unc
ti
ona
l
us
a
ge
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
by
pr
ovi
di
ng
in
te
r
a
c
ti
v
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
in
a
n
e
vol
vi
ng
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
oa
c
h
w
hi
c
h
in
c
lu
de
s
f
our
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
pr
opor
ti
ons
w
it
h
di
s
ti
nc
ti
ve
le
a
r
ni
ng
out
c
om
e
s
.
I
n
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
a
l
de
s
ig
n
f
or
s
e
c
ti
on
1,
le
a
r
ne
r
s
w
oul
d
s
ta
r
t
w
it
h
a
r
e
l
a
xi
ng
w
a
r
m
up
s
e
s
s
io
n:
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ng
c
onv
e
r
s
a
ti
on
a
s
la
ngua
ge
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
b
e
twe
e
n
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd
C
ha
tG
P
T
w
hi
c
h
f
a
ll
s
m
a
in
ly
on
gr
e
e
ti
ng
s
om
e
one
or
phr
a
s
e
s
of
ope
ni
ng a
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
on i
n a
n a
ut
h
e
nt
ic
M
a
nda
r
in
s
p
e
a
ki
ng e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
.
I
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
,
di
s
t
i
n
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
u
nd
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
n
u
n
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
of
"
yue
"
a
n
d
"
ye
"
i
n
s
o
m
e
M
a
n
d
a
r
i
n
w
o
r
d
s
a
r
e
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
e
d
f
or
t
h
e
v
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
i
n
th
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
of
t
h
e
s
e
tw
o
d
i
s
t
in
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
iv
e
l
a
ng
u
a
g
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
i
s
f
o
l
l
ow
e
d
b
y
a
c
o
nv
e
r
s
a
t
io
n
a
l
s
im
u
l
a
ti
o
n
i
n
s
e
c
ti
o
n
3.
L
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
a
r
e
to
m
a
k
e
f
or
m
a
l
r
e
qu
e
s
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
in
t
h
e
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
s
t
o
p
r
on
o
u
n
c
e
s
o
m
e
M
a
n
d
a
r
i
n
w
or
d
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
t
w
o
d
i
s
ti
n
c
t
iv
e
s
o
u
nd
s
.
T
o
s
im
p
l
y
p
ut
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
gr
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
s
t
ud
y
i
n
a
c
q
ui
r
i
n
g
M
a
n
d
a
r
i
n a
s
a
f
o
r
e
i
g
n
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
i
s
e
n
t
a
i
l
e
d
w
i
t
h f
o
c
u
s
o
n l
i
s
t
e
ni
ng
a
n
d
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
s
k
i
l
l
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
ng
a
c
t
iv
i
ti
e
s
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
tG
P
T
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
of
in
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
a
ki
ng
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
s
one
of
t
he
A
I
l
a
ngu
a
g
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
s
tr
um
e
n
ts
,
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
a
im
of
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
to
c
on
duc
t
a
th
or
oug
h
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
th
e
C
ha
tG
P
T
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
o
l
f
unc
ti
ona
li
t
y
in
e
nh
a
n
c
in
g
t
he
c
onv
e
r
s
a
ti
on
a
l
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
s
of
l
a
ng
ua
g
e
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
it
h t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
. T
he
c
ol
le
c
te
d
te
a
m
h
a
s
m
a
de
a
c
ol
l
e
c
ti
v
e
de
c
i
s
io
n t
o e
m
pl
oy
th
e
te
r
m
"
yu
e
"
a
s
a
t
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
to
e
va
lu
a
t
e
th
e
l
e
v
e
l
of
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y
e
xhi
bi
t
e
d
by
th
e
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
in
C
ha
tG
P
T
.
A
n
e
xp
e
r
im
e
n
t
w
a
s
unde
r
t
a
k
e
n
ut
il
i
z
in
g
C
h
a
tG
P
T
to
f
a
c
il
it
a
t
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
on
of
th
e
in
tr
ic
a
te
pr
onunc
i
a
ti
on
of
th
e
M
a
nda
r
i
n
s
y
ll
a
bl
e
"
yu
e
"
.
T
he
t
e
r
m
i
s
f
or
m
e
d
by
th
e
a
m
a
lg
a
m
a
ti
on
of
th
e
c
ons
ona
nt
"
y"
,
th
e
vo
w
e
l
"
ü"
,
a
nd
th
e
vow
e
l
"
e
"
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
i
gn
ta
ki
ng
t
hi
s
phon
e
ti
c
s
ound
i
s
t
o
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
t
e
c
hn
iq
ue
s
ut
il
iz
e
d
by
th
e
C
h
a
tG
P
T
m
od
e
l
in
th
e
id
e
nt
if
i
c
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
di
s
ti
nc
ti
on
of
t
he
te
r
m
"
yue
"
w
he
n
it
i
s
u
s
e
d
in
d
e
p
e
nde
nt
ly
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
in
c
om
bi
n
a
ti
on
w
it
h
th
e
t
e
r
m
s
"
y
e
"
a
nd
"
y
i"
.
V
a
r
io
us
t
e
s
ti
ng
m
e
th
od
ol
ogi
e
s
w
e
r
e
e
m
pl
oy
e
d,
in
c
lu
di
ng
s
in
gl
e
-
w
or
d
oc
c
ur
r
e
n
c
e
s
,
pa
ir
e
d
o
c
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
s
,
a
nd
th
e
us
e
of
p
hr
a
s
e
s
.
A
d
di
ti
on
a
ll
y,
w
e
e
va
lu
a
te
d
th
e
m
od
e
l'
s
a
bi
li
ty
t
o a
c
c
ur
a
te
l
y de
te
c
t
t
he
phr
a
s
e
"
yue
"
i
n c
onc
i
s
e
s
e
nt
e
nc
e
s
a
nd,
ul
ti
m
a
te
ly
,
i
n
a
l
e
ngt
hi
e
r
s
t
a
te
m
e
nt
.
T
a
bl
e
1
.
E
xpe
r
im
e
nt
a
l
la
ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
f
or
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
K
ohnke
e
t
al
.
[15]
A
dopt
e
d
de
s
i
gn
for
t
he
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
L
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
rni
ng
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
l
e
a
rn
e
rs
a
nd
Cha
t
G
P
T
F
unc
t
i
ona
l
de
s
i
gn
i
n
t
he
i
nt
e
ra
c
t
i
ve
l
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
rni
ng
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
E
xa
m
pl
e
s
D
ura
t
i
on
1.
L
a
ngua
ge
pra
c
t
i
c
e
W
a
rm
i
ng
up
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
–
M
a
nda
ri
n
l
e
a
rne
rs
gre
e
t
t
h
e
Cha
t
G
P
T
1.
H
o
w
a
re
you
?
(
你好
吗？
)
2.
H
a
ve
you
e
a
t
e
n?
(
你吃
饱了吗？
)
3.
A
re
you
bus
y
now
?
(
你
现在忙吗？
)
10
m
i
n
2.
V
oc
a
bul
a
ry
e
xpa
ns
i
on
A
s
s
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
e
ffi
c
a
c
y
of
t
he
Cha
t
G
P
T
voi
c
e
c
ont
rol
s
ys
t
e
m
i
n
di
s
c
e
rni
ng
s
ubt
l
e
va
ri
a
t
i
ons
i
n
M
a
nda
ri
n
s
ounds
N
ouns
:
衣
(c
l
ot
he
s
)
,
叶
(l
e
a
f)
,
月
(m
oon)
N
om
i
na
l
N
ouns
:
衣服
(c
l
ot
he
s
)
,
叶子
(l
e
a
f)
,
月
亮
(m
oon)
V
e
r
b
+
N
o
m
i
n
a
l
N
o
u
n
s
:
穿
衣服
(
w
e
a
r
c
l
ot
he
s
)
,
捡
叶子
(
p
i
c
k
u
p
a
l
e
a
f
)
,
看月亮
(
s
e
e
t
h
e
m
o
o
n
)
10
m
i
n
3.
Conve
rs
a
t
i
on
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
A
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
he
a
c
c
ura
c
y
o
f
p
ron
ou
nc
i
n
g
t
he
s
oun
d
"
y
ue
"
gi
ve
n
b
y
C
ha
t
G
P
T
P
l
e
a
s
e
t
e
a
c
h
m
e
t
o
pronounc
e
y
-
e
-
u.
15
m
i
n
4.
Im
m
e
di
a
t
e
fe
e
db
a
c
k
A
s
s
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
va
l
i
di
t
y
a
nd
re
l
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
voi
c
e
c
ont
rol
s
ys
t
e
m
.
1.
月亮很大很美。
(T
he
m
oon
i
s
s
o
bi
g
a
nd
be
a
ut
i
fu
l
.
)
2.
我喜
欢看月亮。
(I
l
i
ke
t
o
s
e
e
t
he
m
oon.
)
15
m
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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v
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y
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pr
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3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
T
hi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
f
in
di
ngs
f
r
om
th
e
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
te
d
be
twe
e
n
M
a
nda
r
in
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
s
a
n
A
I
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
.
T
he
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
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lu
a
te
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e
e
f
f
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c
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ve
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s
s
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ha
tG
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a
s
a
n A
I
l
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng ma
c
hi
ne
i
n t
he
l
e
a
r
ni
ng of
M
a
nda
r
in
a
s
a
f
or
e
ig
n l
a
ngua
ge
, pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g t
he
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
te
m
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
th
e
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
la
ngua
g
e
f
unc
ti
ons
of
le
a
r
ni
ng
be
twe
e
n
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd
C
ha
tG
P
T
.
T
he
di
s
c
u
s
s
io
n
hi
ghl
ig
ht
s
on
e
va
lu
a
ti
ng
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
th
e
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
te
r
m
s
of
th
e
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on
of
two
M
a
nda
r
in
phone
ti
c
s
oun
ds
"
yue
"
a
nd
"
ye
"
,
a
nd
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
r
e
s
pons
e
s
m
a
de
by
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
th
e
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
be
twe
e
n
M
a
nda
r
in
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd
C
ha
tG
P
T
.
O
ur
f
in
di
ngs
a
li
gn
w
it
h
th
os
e
of
[
3]
,
in
di
c
a
ti
ng
th
a
t
us
e
r
s
m
a
y
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
b
or
e
dom
w
hi
le
c
ont
in
ua
ll
y
p
r
a
c
ti
c
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
li
ne
s
of
di
a
lo
gue
. T
o e
nha
n
c
e
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
va
r
ie
ty
, i
t
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
pr
ovi
de
va
r
io
us
r
e
pl
ie
s
f
or
e
a
c
h l
in
e
.
T
h
e
c
r
it
ic
i
s
m
r
a
is
e
d
by
L
i
e
t
al
.
[
19]
a
r
g
ue
s
t
ha
t
th
e
e
xi
s
t
e
nc
e
o
f
ha
l
lu
c
in
a
t
io
n
in
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
ve
la
ng
ua
ge
m
od
e
l
s
i
s
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
y
a
s
ig
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
pr
o
bl
e
m
,
a
s
i
t
un
de
r
m
in
e
s
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
th
e
m
a
te
r
i
a
l
pr
o
du
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
e
m
od
e
l
s
.
D
e
c
e
p
ti
v
e
or
unr
e
a
s
on
a
b
le
ha
ll
u
c
i
no
ge
ni
c
w
r
it
i
ng
c
a
n
m
is
le
a
d
u
s
e
r
s
a
n
d
pr
ov
ok
e
c
on
c
e
r
n
s
w
it
h
in
th
e
c
om
m
un
it
y
r
e
g
a
r
di
ng
th
e
u
s
e
of
l
a
n
gu
a
g
e
m
od
e
l
s
.
C
h
a
tG
P
T
'
s
n
a
tu
r
e
a
s
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
v
e
l
a
ng
ua
ge
m
od
e
l
m
a
y
li
m
i
t
it
s
a
b
il
it
y
to
pr
ov
id
e
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
r
e
s
pon
s
e
s
to
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
n
qui
r
i
e
s
a
nd
c
e
r
ta
in
c
om
m
on
-
s
e
n
s
e
qu
e
s
ti
on
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
th
e
ge
ne
r
ic
l
a
n
gu
a
g
e
m
od
e
l
is
pr
e
s
e
nt
l
y
i
nc
a
p
a
b
le
o
f
r
e
pl
a
c
i
ng
s
pe
c
i
a
l
is
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
s
i
n
pr
of
e
s
s
io
n
a
l
f
ie
l
d
s
.
T
hu
s
,
t
o
r
e
s
ol
v
e
t
h
e
s
e
i
s
s
u
e
s
,
w
e
pr
ov
id
e
s
tr
a
ig
ht
f
or
w
a
r
d
a
nd
c
o
nc
is
e
s
te
p
-
by
-
s
te
p i
n
s
tr
u
c
t
io
n
s
.
T
a
bl
e
2
is
a
c
a
te
gor
iz
a
ti
on
of
th
e
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
r
e
c
or
ds
a
nd a
na
ly
s
is
in
th
e
M
a
nda
r
in
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
be
twe
e
n M
a
nda
r
in
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
nd C
ha
tG
P
T
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
c
ol
um
n
s
how
s
th
e
que
r
ie
s
m
a
d
e
by
th
e
le
a
r
ne
r
s
w
hi
le
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ng
w
it
h
C
ha
tG
P
T
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
c
ol
um
n
r
e
c
or
d
s
t
he
r
e
s
pons
e
s
of
th
e
C
ha
tG
P
T
,
w
hi
le
th
e
th
ir
d
c
ol
um
n i
s
t
he
a
na
ly
s
i
s
a
nd f
in
di
ngs
. A
na
ly
s
e
s
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
'
s
r
e
s
pons
e
s
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d i
n T
a
bl
e
2.
E
vi
de
nt
ly
,
r
e
s
pons
e
s
g
e
ne
r
a
te
d
by
C
ha
tG
P
T
w
e
r
e
e
nt
ir
e
ly
w
it
hi
n
th
e
gi
ve
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k,
e
xhi
bi
ti
ng
a
c
ons
is
te
nt
s
ty
le
.
I
t
is
e
vi
de
nt
th
a
t
C
ha
tG
P
T
ha
s
a
la
c
k
of
f
le
xi
bi
li
ty
a
nd
hum
a
ni
s
m
f
r
om
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
a
l
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
a
s
th
e
A
I
s
ys
te
m
pos
s
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
hor
tc
om
in
g
in
it
s
voi
c
e
c
ont
r
ol
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
.
N
ot
a
bl
y,
C
ha
tG
P
T
s
how
e
d
th
e
a
bs
e
nc
e
of
a
na
tu
r
a
l
f
e
e
dba
c
k
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
.
T
he
s
y
s
te
m
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
c
ons
tr
a
in
ts
in
it
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
a
nd
c
ons
is
te
nt
ly
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
r
e
a
di
ng
pr
of
ic
ie
nc
y
of
le
a
r
ne
r
s
.
T
he
e
xi
s
te
nc
e
of
s
im
il
a
r
pr
onunc
ia
ti
ons
of
M
a
nda
r
in
w
or
ds
in
th
e
r
e
a
di
ng
m
a
te
r
ia
l
c
a
n
pot
e
nt
ia
ll
y
le
a
d
to
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
m
is
ta
ke
s
in
r
e
a
di
ng
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
io
n.
F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
le
a
r
ne
r
s
m
ig
ht
w
r
ongl
y
a
s
s
oc
i
a
te
th
e
pr
onunc
ia
ti
ons
of
"
yue
"
w
it
h
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
C
hi
ne
s
e
w
or
ds
a
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
pe
r
s
i
s
ts
in
c
a
te
gor
iz
in
g
th
e
m
a
s
"
yue
"
pr
onunc
ia
ti
ons
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
th
e
le
a
r
ne
r
m
ig
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s
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s
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ti
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s
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r
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oot
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ope
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xe
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c
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s
a
lt
ho
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in
r
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li
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he
r
w
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l
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o s
ha
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s
a
m
e
pr
onunc
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or
in
s
ta
nc
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,
in
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oc
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s
of
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c
qui
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knowle
dge
of
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c
ha
r
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c
te
r
"
衣
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,
w
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n
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a
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C
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te
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"
一
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,
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夜
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I
nde
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d,
it
is
obs
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ve
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bot
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tt
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s
衣
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一
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phone
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pr
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yi
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bot
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叶
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夜
w
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phone
ti
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y r
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pr
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nt
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d by the
f
our
th
t
one
ye
.
T
he
opi
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of
H
ung
a
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C
h
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[
4]
c
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pe
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ti
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to
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[
8]
.
C
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m
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pur
pos
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pr
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"
yue
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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25
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1638
T
a
bl
e
2
.
R
e
s
pons
e
s
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
nd a
na
ly
s
is
L
e
a
r
ne
r
s
que
r
i
e
s
Cha
t
G
P
T
’s
re
s
pons
e
s
A
na
l
ys
i
s
a
nd
fi
ndi
ngs
H
ow
a
r
e
you?
你好
吗？
我是一个人工智能程序，没有感受和情
绪，但感谢你的问候！我可以
帮助您回答问题或提供信息。有什么我可以帮助您的吗？
M
e
a
ni
ng:
A
s
a
n
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
, I
l
a
c
k t
he
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y f
or
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
i
ng
e
m
ot
i
ons
or
s
e
nt
i
m
e
nt
s
.
N
one
t
he
l
e
s
s
,
I
a
ppr
e
c
i
a
t
e
your
s
a
l
ut
a
t
i
on.
I
c
a
n
he
l
p
i
n
a
ddr
e
s
s
i
ng
i
nqui
r
i
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s
or
f
ur
ni
s
hi
ng
r
e
l
e
va
nt
da
t
a
.
M
a
y I
be
of
a
ny a
s
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
t
o you?
T
h
e
C
ha
t
G
P
T
r
e
m
i
n
ds
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
t
h
a
t
h
e
/
s
he
i
s
t
a
l
k
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
n
o
n
-
hu
m
a
n
.
T
h
i
s
w
ou
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d
a
f
f
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c
t
p
s
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h
o
l
o
g
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c
a
l
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l
a
t
e
d
n
e
s
s
o
f
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
i
n
t
he
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
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e
,
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
o
f
C
ha
t
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P
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w
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a
l
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n
d
c
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s
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t
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o
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w
q
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, s
h
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w
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C
ha
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f
f
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d
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t
s
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l
f
t
o
h
e
l
p
i
n
a
ns
w
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
y
qu
e
s
t
i
o
ns
w
h
i
c
h
p
r
o
b
a
b
l
y
w
o
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l
d
s
t
a
r
t
l
e
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
h
o
w
e
r
e
s
t
i
l
l
n
e
w
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
.
H
a
ve
you
e
a
t
e
n
?
你吃
饱了吗？
我是一个
计算机程序，没有生理需求，所以我不需要吃饭。但我随时
可以回答您的问题或提供帮助。有什么我可以帮助您的吗？
M
e
a
ni
ng:
A
s
a
c
om
put
e
r
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
,
I
l
a
c
k
phys
i
ol
ogi
c
a
l
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
a
nd
he
nc
e
do
not
pos
s
e
s
s
t
he
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
y
t
o
c
ons
um
e
f
ood.
H
ow
e
ve
r
, I
a
m
a
va
i
l
a
bl
e
t
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
your
i
nqui
r
i
e
s
or
o
f
f
e
r
s
uppor
t
a
t
a
ny
gi
ve
n
m
om
e
nt
. M
a
y I
be
of
a
ny a
s
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
t
o you?
T
he
r
e
s
pons
e
m
i
ght
not
gi
ve
a
ny
f
or
m
of
s
uppor
t
or
m
ot
i
va
t
i
on
f
or
t
he
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
t
o
f
ur
t
he
r
t
he
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
of
c
onve
r
s
a
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
t
he
i
r
A
I
M
a
nda
r
i
n
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
o
r
.
T
hi
s
s
c
e
na
r
i
o
c
oul
d
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
l
y
hi
nde
r
t
he
i
r
f
ur
t
he
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
.
A
r
e
you bus
y
now
?
你
现在忙吗？
我是一个
计
算
机程
序
，
随
时可
以
回
答
您的
问
题
，
没有
忙
碌
或
休息
的
时
候
。
请
随
时
提
出您
的
问
题
或需
要
帮
助
的事
情
，
我
将尽
力
为
您
提供
支
持
。
M
e
a
ni
ng:
I
a
m
a
ut
om
a
t
e
d
c
om
put
a
t
i
ona
l
s
ys
t
e
m
,
de
s
i
gne
d
t
o
pr
ovi
de
pr
om
pt
a
nd
uni
nt
e
r
r
upt
e
d
r
e
s
pons
e
s
t
o
i
nqui
r
i
e
s
,
de
voi
d
of
a
ny
c
ons
t
r
a
i
nt
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d t
o t
i
m
e
, a
va
i
l
a
bi
l
i
t
y, or
ne
e
d f
or
pa
us
e
s
. P
l
e
a
s
e
do not
he
s
i
t
a
t
e
t
o
i
nqui
r
e
a
bout
a
ny
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nqui
r
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e
s
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i
n
f
or
m
m
e
o
f
your
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
, a
nd I
w
i
l
l
us
e
m
y ut
m
os
t
e
f
f
or
t
t
o he
l
p.
L
e
a
r
ne
r
s
a
t
t
e
m
pt
e
d
t
o
a
ppl
y
s
i
m
pl
e
a
dj
a
c
e
nc
y
pa
i
r
s
i
n
M
a
nda
r
i
n
c
onve
r
s
a
t
i
on,
but
t
he
C
ha
t
G
P
T
f
a
i
l
e
d
t
o
pr
ovi
de
t
he
e
xpe
c
t
e
d
s
t
a
nda
r
d
r
e
s
pon
s
e
s
uc
h a
s
"Y
e
s
, I
a
m
ok" or
"N
o, I
a
m
not
".
P
r
a
c
t
i
s
i
ng
t
he
pr
onunc
i
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
C
hi
ne
s
e
w
or
ds
s
uc
h
a
s
衣
(
c
l
ot
he
s
)
,
叶
(
l
e
a
f
)
,
月
(
m
oon)
一
,
夜
,
月
P
l
e
a
s
e
n
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
w
h
e
n
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
r
e
a
d
t
h
e
s
y
l
l
a
bl
e
s
"
y
i
"
w
i
t
h t
on
e
1
,
"
ye
"
w
i
t
h
t
o
ne
4,
a
nd
"y
ue
"
w
i
t
h
t
on
e
4
,
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
w
o
r
ds
a
r
e
p
r
od
uc
e
d
a
n
d
l
i
s
t
e
d.
D
e
s
pi
t
e
t
he
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
w
o
r
ds
,
t
h
i
s
o
bs
e
r
v
a
t
i
on
ne
ve
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
c
on
f
i
r
m
s
t
ha
t
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
a
r
e
r
e
a
d
i
ng
i
n
t
he
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
m
a
nn
e
r
.
T
h
e
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
s
"
衣
"
a
nd
"
一
"
s
ha
r
e
t
h
e
i
de
nt
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
nu
nc
i
a
t
i
on
,
na
m
e
l
y
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
t
o
ne
"
yi
",
w
h
i
l
e
t
he
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
s
"
叶
"
a
n
d
"
夜
"
a
r
e
bo
t
h
p
r
o
no
u
nc
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
f
ou
r
t
h
t
o
ne
"
ye
"
.
A
s
i
t
i
s
g
e
ne
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
a
n
A
I
v
o
i
c
e
s
ys
t
e
m
,
w
h
i
l
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
p
r
o
n
o
un
c
e
"y
i
"
,
t
he
r
e
w
ou
l
d
b
e
a
n
e
xc
e
s
s
i
v
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
a
dd
i
t
i
o
na
l
e
x
p
l
a
na
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
t
he
e
x
p
l
a
na
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
u
n
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
h
o
o
n
l
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
nu
n
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
o
r
n
o
t
.
P
r
a
c
t
i
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
n
u
n
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
n
o
m
i
n
a
l
n
o
u
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
衣服
(
c
l
o
t
h
e
s
)
,
叶子
(
l
e
a
f
)
,
月
亮
(
m
o
o
n
)
F
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
om
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
T
he
l
e
xi
c
a
l
s
e
que
nc
e
of
nouns
s
uc
h
a
s
"
衣服
,
叶子
,
月亮
",
e
xhi
bi
t
e
d
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
a
c
ol
l
oc
a
t
i
on,
a
l
t
hough
l
a
c
ks
a
di
s
c
e
r
ni
bl
e
s
e
m
a
nt
i
c
i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
t
i
on.
I
f
t
he
us
e
r
c
oul
d
pr
ovi
de
f
ur
t
he
r
c
ont
e
xt
or
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on,
C
ha
t
G
P
T
(
I
)
w
oul
d
t
r
y
t
o
of
f
e
r
m
or
e
pr
e
c
i
s
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on or
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
he
i
r
i
nqui
r
i
e
s
.
T
he
r
e
i
s
a
n
e
xc
e
s
s
i
ve
a
m
ount
of
a
ddi
t
i
ona
l
e
xpl
a
na
t
i
on
pr
ovi
de
d,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
unne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
or
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
ho
onl
y
r
e
qui
r
e
c
onf
i
r
m
a
t
i
on
of
w
he
t
he
r
t
he
pr
onunc
i
a
t
i
on
i
s
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
or
not
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
, t
he
f
e
e
dba
c
k w
oul
d c
onf
us
e
t
he
be
gi
nne
r
of
l
e
a
r
ni
ng M
a
nda
r
i
n.
I
m
pe
r
a
t
i
ve
s
e
nt
e
nc
e
s
l
i
ke
穿衣服
(
w
e
a
r
c
l
ot
he
s
)
,
捡叶
子
(
pi
c
k
up
a
l
e
a
f
)
,
看月亮
(
l
ook a
t
m
oon)
F
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
om
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
T
he
l
i
ne
"
穿衣服
,
剪叶子
,
看月亮
"
a
ppe
a
r
s
t
o
c
onve
y
a
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
c
t
i
on
or
a
c
t
i
vi
t
y.
T
he
l
a
ngua
ge
i
n
que
s
t
i
on
pos
s
e
s
s
e
s
t
he
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
f
or
m
a
ny
r
e
a
di
ngs
,
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
pr
e
c
i
s
e
m
e
a
ni
ng
be
i
ng
c
ont
i
nge
nt
upon
t
he
c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
or
s
ubj
e
c
t
i
ve
vi
e
w
poi
nt
.
I
f
f
u
r
t
he
r
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
or
e
l
a
bor
a
t
i
on
i
s
r
e
qui
r
e
d
on
t
he
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
nt
,
ki
ndl
y
f
ur
ni
s
h
a
ddi
t
i
ona
l
c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
de
t
a
i
l
s
,
a
nd
I
s
ha
l
l
e
nde
a
vor
t
o pr
ovi
de
t
he
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y a
s
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
.
T
he
r
e
i
s
a
n
e
xc
e
s
s
i
v
e
a
m
o
un
t
of
a
dd
i
t
i
on
a
l
e
xp
l
a
na
t
i
on
p
r
o
vi
de
d
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
unne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
ho
on
l
y
r
e
q
ui
r
e
c
on
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
h
e
t
he
r
t
he
p
r
o
nun
c
i
a
t
i
on
i
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
or
n
ot
.
I
n
a
ddi
t
i
on
,
t
h
i
s
w
ou
l
d
bo
r
e
t
he
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
i
t
h
l
on
g e
xp
l
a
n
a
t
i
ons
o
f
s
i
m
p
l
e
i
m
pe
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
e
nt
e
nc
e
s
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
t
e
a
c
h
m
e
how
t
o
pr
onounc
e
y
-
u
-
e
i
n
M
a
nda
r
i
n.
I
n
M
a
nda
r
i
n
C
hi
ne
s
e
,
t
he
w
or
d
"
月
"
(
yue
)
i
s
pr
onounc
e
d
a
s
a
s
i
ngl
e
s
yl
l
a
bl
e
. H
e
r
e
'
s
a
br
e
a
kdow
n of
how
t
o pr
onounc
e
i
t
:
S
t
a
r
t
w
i
t
h
t
he
"y"
s
ound,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
l
i
ke
t
he
E
ngl
i
s
h
"y"
s
ound
i
n
w
o
r
ds
l
i
ke
"ye
s
".
T
he
n, a
dd "u"
s
ound, w
hi
c
h i
s
l
i
ke
"oo"
s
ound i
n E
ngl
i
s
h w
or
d "moon".
F
i
na
l
l
y,
f
i
ni
s
h
w
i
t
h
t
he
"e
"
s
ound,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
pr
onounc
e
d
l
i
ke
t
he
"uh"
s
ound i
n t
he
E
ngl
i
s
h w
or
d "butt
e
r
".
S
o
,
w
he
n
y
ou
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
e
s
ou
n
ds
,
"
月
"
(
y
ue
)
i
s
p
r
o
n
o
un
c
e
d
a
s
"y
o
o
-
u
h
".
T
o
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
you
c
a
n
t
r
y
s
a
yi
ng
i
t
s
l
ow
l
y
a
t
f
i
r
s
t
a
nd
t
he
n
gr
a
dua
l
l
y
pi
c
k
up s
pe
e
d t
o a
c
hi
e
ve
a
s
m
oot
he
r
pr
onunc
i
a
t
i
on.
T
h
i
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
t
e
x
t
p
r
o
vi
d
e
s
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
ns
i
ve
e
x
p
l
a
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
p
r
o
n
u
nc
i
a
t
i
on
o
f
t
he
M
a
n
da
r
i
n
w
o
r
d
"
y
ue
"
.
I
t
c
o
ve
r
s
t
h
e
p
r
op
e
r
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
a
nd
s
k
i
l
f
u
l
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
t
o
n
g
u
e
,
w
i
t
h
a
f
oc
us
on
no
v
i
c
e
s
a
s
t
h
e
t
a
r
ge
t
a
u
d
i
e
nc
e
.
T
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
e
x
pl
a
na
t
i
o
n
i
s
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
i
n
M
a
n
da
r
i
n
.
L
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
e
r
e
u
n
a
bl
e
t
o
c
o
m
p
r
e
he
n
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
C
h
i
ne
s
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
w
o
u
l
d
a
l
s
o
s
t
r
u
g
g
l
e
t
o
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
nd
s
e
n
t
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
M
a
n
da
r
i
n
.
月亮很大很
美。
T
he
m
oon
i
s
e
nor
m
ous
a
nd
e
xqui
s
i
t
e
.
F
e
e
d
ba
c
k
f
r
o
m
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
T
he
m
o
on
e
xhi
bi
t
s
a
vi
s
ua
l
l
y
c
a
pt
i
va
t
i
ng
s
pe
c
t
a
c
l
e
i
n
t
he
noc
t
u
r
n
a
l
f
i
r
m
a
m
e
n
t
,
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
a
t
i
t
s
f
ul
l
p
ha
s
e
w
he
n
i
t
m
a
n
i
f
e
s
t
s
a
s
a
s
u
bs
t
a
nt
i
a
l
a
n
d
l
u
m
i
nous
c
e
l
e
s
t
i
a
l
bod
y.
T
he
m
o
on
i
s
f
r
e
qu
e
n
t
l
y
r
e
ga
r
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
w
e
a
n
d
f
a
s
c
i
na
t
i
on
due
t
o
i
t
s
a
e
s
t
he
t
i
c
a
ppe
a
l
a
nd
e
ni
gm
a
t
i
c
na
t
u
r
e
.
I
f
t
he
r
e
a
r
e
a
ny
i
n
qu
i
r
i
e
s
pe
r
t
a
i
n
i
ng
t
o
t
he
m
oo
n
o
r
t
he
f
i
e
l
d o
f
a
s
t
r
on
om
y,
o
r
i
f
you
de
s
i
r
e
t
o e
xpa
nd
yo
ur
kn
ow
l
e
dg
e
o
n l
una
r
m
a
t
t
e
r
s
,
pl
e
a
s
e
do
no
t
he
s
i
t
a
t
e
t
o
pos
e
yo
u
r
q
ue
r
i
e
s
.
I
a
m
de
l
i
g
ht
e
d
t
o
f
u
r
n
i
s
h
yo
u w
i
t
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n o
r
a
d
dr
e
s
s
a
n
y
i
s
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ue
s
yo
u
m
a
y
ha
ve
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he
re
w
a
s
a
n
e
x
c
e
s
s
i
ve
a
m
oun
t
of
a
ddi
t
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on
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l
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xpl
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na
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t
he
a
c
c
ura
c
y
of
ut
t
e
ri
ng
t
he
phra
s
e
"
月亮很大很美。
".
我喜
欢看月
亮。
I
e
nj
oy
obs
e
r
vi
ng
t
he
m
oon.
F
e
e
dba
c
k
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r
om
C
ha
t
G
P
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:
T
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a
l
l
ur
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s
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ni
t
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of
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he
m
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ha
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a
pt
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va
t
e
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
i
ndi
vi
dua
l
s
.
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he
phe
nom
e
non
f
r
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nt
l
y
of
f
e
r
s
a
c
a
pt
i
va
t
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s
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l
s
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c
t
a
c
l
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n
t
he
noc
t
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na
l
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xpa
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s
e
.
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he
a
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t
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ppr
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m
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pe
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I
f
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r
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nqui
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pe
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a
i
ni
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o t
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obs
e
r
va
t
i
on of
t
he
m
oon, t
he
f
i
e
l
d of
a
s
t
r
onom
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a
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ot
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s
ubj
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ha
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c
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s
s
oc
i
a
t
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d,
pl
e
a
s
e
do
not
he
s
i
t
a
t
e
t
o
i
nqui
r
e
. I
w
oul
d be
de
l
i
ght
e
d t
o of
f
e
r
i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on o
r
e
xt
e
nd m
y a
i
d
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T
he
r
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i
s
a
n
e
xc
e
s
s
i
ve
a
m
ount
of
a
ddi
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e
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na
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i
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c
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t
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l
e
a
r
ni
ng
of
ut
t
e
r
i
ng
t
he
s
e
nt
e
nc
e
"
我喜
欢
看月亮。
"
a
s
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
onl
y
r
e
qui
r
e
d
a
c
onf
i
r
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t
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r
t
he
pr
onunc
i
a
t
i
on i
s
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
or
not
.
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M
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S
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ba
h.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
K
.
C
.
B
r
a
t
a
a
nd
A
.
H
.
B
r
a
t
a
,
“
U
s
e
r
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
i
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
of
J
a
pa
ne
s
e
l
a
n
gua
ge
m
obi
l
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
hr
ough
m
e
nt
a
l
m
ode
l
a
nd
A
/
B
t
e
s
t
i
ng,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
and
C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
vol
.
10,
no.
3,
pp.
2659
–
2667,
2020, doi
:
10.11591/
i
j
e
c
e
.v10i
3.pp2659
-
2667.
[
2]
S
.
L
a
a
t
o,
B
.
M
or
s
c
hhe
us
e
r
,
J
.
H
a
m
a
r
i
,
a
nd
J
.
B
j
ör
ne
,
“
A
I
-
a
s
s
i
s
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
w
i
t
h
C
ha
t
G
P
T
a
nd
l
a
r
ge
l
a
ngua
ge
m
ode
l
s
:
i
m
pl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
f
or
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
t
i
on,”
i
n
2023
I
E
E
E
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
A
dv
anc
e
d
L
e
ar
ni
ng
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
(
I
C
A
L
T
)
,
2023,
pp. 226
–
230
, doi
:
10.1109/
I
C
A
L
T
58122.2023.00072.
[
3]
J
.
C
.
Y
oung
a
nd
M
.
S
hi
s
hi
do,
“
I
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
ng
O
pe
nA
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s
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ha
t
G
P
T
pot
e
nt
i
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l
s
i
n
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
ng
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ha
t
bot
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s
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a
l
ogue
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or
E
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s
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s
a
f
or
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l
a
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e
a
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ni
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I
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r
nat
i
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J
our
nal
of
A
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e
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C
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J
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T
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s
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r
i
s
ks
a
nd
r
e
gul
a
t
i
on
of
us
i
ng
C
ha
t
G
P
T
i
n
C
hi
ne
s
e
a
c
a
de
m
i
a
:
a
c
ont
e
nt
a
na
l
ys
i
s
,”
Soc
i
a
l
Sc
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e
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R
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“
A
n i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
M
a
nda
r
i
n
-
T
i
be
t
a
n bi
l
i
ngua
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng pl
a
t
f
or
m
f
or
M
a
nda
r
i
n l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
i
n
15t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
E
duc
at
i
on
and
D
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
C
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nf
e
r
e
nc
e
,
M
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M
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l
ys
hbe
kova
,
“
C
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t
G
P
T
a
nd l
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ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
SSR
N
E
l
e
c
t
r
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our
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[
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B
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i
,
C
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onk, a
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E
xpl
or
i
ng t
he
m
ul
t
i
l
i
ngua
l
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
-
A
s
s
i
s
t
e
d
L
anguage
L
e
ar
ni
ng and T
e
ac
hi
ng
, vol
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S
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a
c
i
c
i
o a
nd R
.
R
i
ggs
, “
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
L
e
ve
r
a
gi
ng A
I
t
o s
uppor
t
pe
r
s
ona
l
i
z
e
d t
e
a
c
hi
ng a
nd l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
A
dul
t
L
i
t
e
r
ac
y
E
duc
at
i
on:
T
he
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
L
i
t
e
r
ac
y
,
L
anguage
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and
N
um
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r
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,
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2023,
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A
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A
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Q
.
M
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A
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A
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i
,
a
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.
S
.
A
l
qohf
a
,
“
E
xpl
or
i
ng
C
ha
t
G
P
T
us
e
s
i
n
hi
ghe
r
s
t
udi
e
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
ngl
i
s
h
St
udi
e
s
i
n A
r
abi
a F
e
l
i
x
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A
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l
e
e
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yoon
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W
i
w
a
ni
t
ki
t
,
“
C
ha
t
G
P
T
a
nd
l
a
r
ge
l
a
ngua
ge
m
ode
l
(
L
L
M
)
c
ha
t
bot
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
P
e
di
at
r
i
c
U
r
ol
ogy
,
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B
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C
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nnon,
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L
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
w
i
t
h
C
ha
t
G
P
T
?
I
nt
e
r
vi
e
w
w
i
t
h
m
o
r
t
on
A
nn
G
e
r
ns
ba
c
he
r
,
P
hD
,”
P
s
y
c
hE
v
e
r
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he
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c
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va
dor
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E
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i
ng t
he
e
t
hi
c
a
l
di
m
e
ns
i
on
s
of
u
s
i
ng C
ha
t
G
P
T
i
n
l
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
nd
be
yond,”
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L
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a
nd
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a
,
“
M
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a
s
ur
i
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E
F
L
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
’
us
e
of
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
n
i
nf
or
m
a
l
di
gi
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
of
E
ngl
i
s
h
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
t
e
c
hnol
og
y
a
c
c
e
pt
a
nc
e
m
ode
l
,”
I
nnov
at
i
on
i
n
L
anguage
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
and
T
e
a
c
hi
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
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:
2252
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8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
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V
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, N
o.
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H
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M
ohs
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S
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a
s
ood,
“
U
nv
e
i
l
i
ng
t
he
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
c
ha
l
l
e
nge
s
,
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
di
r
e
c
t
i
ons
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
A
ppl
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c
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L
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B
.
L
.
M
oor
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e
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a
nd D
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“
C
ha
t
G
P
T
f
or
l
a
ngua
ge
t
e
a
c
hi
ng a
n
d l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
R
E
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nd
V
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S
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F
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a
m
,
“
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
on
on
us
i
ng
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
n
s
t
ude
nt
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
N
ur
s
e
E
duc
at
or
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s
he
ng
L
i
,
“
E
xpl
or
i
ng
t
he
c
l
i
ni
c
a
l
c
a
pa
bi
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
nd
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
a
c
a
ut
i
ona
r
y
t
a
l
e
f
or
m
e
di
c
a
l
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
Sur
ge
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M
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e
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.
N
.
G
a
r
ne
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,
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C
a
n
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
de
t
e
c
t
i
nt
e
nt
?
E
va
l
ua
t
i
ng
l
a
r
ge
l
a
ngua
ge
m
ode
l
s
f
or
s
poke
n
l
a
ngua
ge
unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng,”
i
n
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
E
E
C
H
2023
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L
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L
i
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Z
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H
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Y
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C
ui
,
“
E
va
l
ua
t
i
on
on
C
ha
t
G
P
T
f
o
r
C
h
i
ne
s
e
l
a
ngua
ge
unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng,”
D
at
a
I
nt
e
l
l
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ge
nc
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T
he
a
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i
c
a
t
i
on
a
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i
m
pa
c
t
of
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
i
n
i
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
C
hi
ne
s
e
l
a
ngua
ge
e
duc
a
t
i
on:
a
c
a
s
e
s
t
udy
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
,”
E
duc
at
i
on, L
anguage
and Soc
i
ol
ogy
R
e
s
e
ar
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h
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H
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S
uj
a
i
n
i
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A
.
B
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P
ut
r
a
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“
A
na
l
ys
i
s
of
l
a
ng
ua
ge
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
f
o
r
r
e
gi
ona
l
I
nd
one
s
i
a
n
l
a
n
gua
ge
s
,”
I
A
E
S
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
o
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
al
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
(
I
J
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A
I
)
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D
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P
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r
d,
“
A
t
t
e
nt
i
on
i
s
a
l
l
l
ow
-
r
e
s
our
c
e
l
a
ngua
ge
s
ne
e
d,”
T
r
ans
l
at
i
on
S
t
udi
e
s
,
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P
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r
a
s
a
da
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M
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V
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P
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R
a
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“
R
e
i
nf
or
c
e
m
e
nt
of
l
ow
-
r
e
s
our
c
e
l
a
ngua
ge
t
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
ne
ur
a
l
m
a
c
hi
ne
t
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
ba
c
kt
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
on
s
yne
r
gi
e
s
,”
I
A
E
S
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
al
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
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I
J
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A
I
)
,
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[
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N
.
A
nna
m
a
l
a
i
,
M
.
E
.
E
l
t
a
hi
r
,
S
.
H
.
Z
youd,
D
.
S
oundr
a
r
a
j
a
n,
B
.
Z
a
ka
r
ne
h,
a
nd
N
.
R
.
A
l
S
a
l
hi
,
“
E
xpl
or
i
ng
E
ngl
i
s
h
l
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
vi
a
C
ha
bot
:
A
c
a
s
e
s
t
udy
f
r
om
a
s
e
l
f
de
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
on
t
he
or
y
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and
E
duc
at
i
on:
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
al
I
nt
e
l
l
i
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nc
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E
.
S
uya
nt
o,
S
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S
a
m
ha
t
i
,
N
.
L
.
A
i
s
ya
h,
a
nd
B
.
A
nt
r
a
kus
um
a
,
“
R
e
a
di
ng
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
on
s
t
udi
e
s
i
n
t
he
l
a
s
t
de
c
a
de
:
gl
oba
l
t
r
e
nds
a
n
d
f
ut
ur
e
di
r
e
c
t
i
on
of
I
ndone
s
i
a
l
a
ngua
ge
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
ou
r
nal
of
E
v
al
uat
i
on
and
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
E
duc
at
i
on
(
I
J
E
R
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B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
E
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
Yoke
Lian
Lau
graduated
from
Universiti
Malaya
in
2009
wit
h
a
Master
of
Modern
Language
and
Mokpo
National
University
Korea
with
a
Ma
ster
of
Arts
in
2011.
In
additio
n,
she
earned
a
Bachelor
of
Arts
from
Universi
ti
Malaya
in
2
006
and
a
c
ertificate
in
Korean
Language
and
Culture
from
Chongju
University.
Presently,
s
he
holds
the
position
of
lecturer
at
Universiti
Malaysia
Sabah'
s
Centre
for
the
Promotion
of
K
nowledge
and
Language
Learning.
The
scope
of
her
research
encompasses
translations,
AI,
Chinese
learning
and
teaching,
Chinese
languages
,
and
linguistics.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email:
yokelian@
ums.edu.my.
Dr
.
Swee
Mee
Tan
is
currently
an
Assistant
Professor
at
Southern
Universiti
College,
Johor,
Malaysia
.
She
complete
d
her
Ph
.
D
.
in
Social
Science
with
a
specialization
in
applied
lingui
stics.
She
obtained
a
MESL
(Master
in
Englis
h
as
a
Second
Language)
in
University
of
Malaya
and
continues
her
research
interest
in
applied
linguistics
.
She
is
now
working
on
research
which
employs
language
learning
theories,
including
AI
and
language
teaching
and
learning.
For
her
backgrou
nd
as
an
English
langu
a
ge
teacher
in
Chinese
Independent S
chools, Mal
aysian Chi
nese Education
is anoth
er highlig
hted area of her researc
h
career. She can
be
contact
ed
at email
: tansweem
ee@
gmail.co
m.
Dr
.
Anna
Lynn
Abu
Ba
kar
is
currently
a
senior
lecturer
in
the
Centre
for
th
e
Promotion
of
Knowle
dge
and
Langua
ge,
Univer
siti
Malaysia
Sabah
(UMS).
She
completed
her
Ph
.
D
.
in
TESL
looking
into
students’
Willingness
to
Communi
cate
in
English.
She
is
currently
into
teaching
innovat
ions
in
the
classroom
.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email:
annalynn@
ums.edu.
my.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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nt
J
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r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
E
v
al
uat
in
g C
hat
G
P
T
’
s
M
andar
in
“
y
ue
”
pr
onunc
ia
ti
on s
y
s
te
m
i
n l
anguage
l
e
ar
ni
ng
(
Y
ok
e
L
ia
n L
au
)
1641
Zi
Xian
Yong
holds
a
bachelor’s
degree
in
Chinese
Language
E
ducation
from
Jinan
University,
China,
master’s
degree
in
teaching
Chinese
to
Spea
kers
of
Other
Language
s
from
Peking
University,
China.
She
is
currently
working
at
Universiti Sabah
Malaysia,
Centre
for
the
Promotion
of
Knowledge
and
Language
Learning
as
a
forei
gn
language
(Mandarin)
teacher
.
Her
interest
in
resear
ch
including
digital
education,
Chinese
language
teaching
and
learning,
Chinese
grammar
resear
ch,
and
Chinese
textbook
analysis.
She
can
be
contac
ted
at
email:
zixian.y
zx@
ums.edu.
my.
Zi
Hong
Yong
holds
a
Bachelor
of
Arts
(B.A.)
in
Chinese
Educati
on
from
Jinan
University,
China
and
subsequently
obtained
a
Master
of
Arts
(M.A.)
in
Teaching
Chinese
as
a
Foreign
Language
at
Central
China
Normal
University,
China.
S
he
is
currently
teaching
Chinese
language
at
Centre
for
the
Promotion
of
Knowledg
e
and
Languag
e
Learn
ing
in
Universiti
Malaysia
Sabah
(UMS).
Her
professional
interests
encomp
ass
Teaching
Chinese
a
s
a
Second
Language
(TCSL),
Chinese
education,
and
the
analysis
of
Chinese
textbooks.
She
can be cont
acted at em
ail: yo
ng_zihon
g@
ums.edu.
my.
Ernahwatikah
Nasir
holds
a
Bachelor
Degree
of
Education
wi
th
Honours
in
Chinese
Languag
e
from
Institut
Pendidikan
Guru
Kampus
Pulau
Pin
ang
(IPG
KPP)
in
2014.
She
then
received
her
master’s
degree
in
teaching
Chinese
as
a
Forei
gn
Language
in
Central
China
Normal
University
(CCNU)
in
2022.
She
is
now
currently
wor
king
at
Universiti
Sabah
Malaysia
as
a
Mandarin
foreign
language
teacher.
Her
interest
in
re
search
including
digital
education
,
teaching
Chinese
as
foreign
language,
Chinese
culture
and
translat
ions.
She
can
be
contacted
at email
: ernah@
ums.edu.
my.
Chen
Jung
Ku
@
Nur
Alliyah
Ku
holds
a
master’s
degree
in
ed
ucation
with
a
focus
on
language
from
Reading
University
in
the
UK,
as
well
a
s
a
degree
in
language
education
from
Tainan
Teacher
College
in
T
aiwan.
She
has
over
20
years
of
experience
in
education
,
includi
ng
9
years
of
language
teaching
experience
in
Ta
iwan.
Currentl
y,
she
is
serving
as
a
Mandarin
teacher
at
the
Centre
for
the
Promotion
of
K
nowledge
and
Language
Learning
at
Universiti
Malaysia
Sabah.
She
has
made
significant
co
ntributions
to
the
field,
particularly
in
second
l
anguage
acquisition
and
Mandarin
le
arning.
Sh
e
is
also
conducting
research
on
the
role
of
personality
in
language
learning.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email
:
ku.chenjung@
ums.edu.my.
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