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Asab
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Do
o
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s
ar
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s
talled
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ed
in
b
o
th
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m
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5
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6
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as
s
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q
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7
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.
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tech
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ap
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tec
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in
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o
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t
ev
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f
ac
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life
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wh
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p
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s
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u
r
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m
ea
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es [
8
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–
[
1
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th
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Ad
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u
ad
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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T
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,
Vo
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14
,
No
.
1
,
A
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r
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20
25
:
287
-
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9
7
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u
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lo
ck
ed
f
r
o
m
f
o
r
g
etf
u
ln
ess
an
d
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
s
–
it
is
b
ec
o
m
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
an
d
c
r
itical
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
m
ar
t
-
l
o
ck
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
w
h
ich
s
ee
k
s
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
a
n
d
ex
p
lo
it
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
with
in
ter
n
et
-
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
1
7
]
v
ia
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
k
e
y
-
co
d
es,
s
m
ar
t
-
p
h
o
n
es,
an
d
k
e
y
-
ca
r
d
s
–
a
s
m
ea
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
ety
an
d
ea
s
e
u
s
er
-
tr
u
s
t
o
f
lo
ck
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
is
ag
r
ee
s
with
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Als
o
,
a
m
ajo
r
i
ty
o
f
d
ev
ices
u
s
ed
i
n
s
u
ch
lo
ck
-
s
y
s
tem
[
2
0
]
ar
e
r
ip
p
led
with
f
laws
th
at
a
d
v
er
s
ar
i
es
an
d
in
tr
u
d
er
s
,
also
e
x
p
lo
it
t
o
g
ain
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
to
b
ar
r
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
ef
f
o
r
t
to
cl
o
s
e
th
e
s
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
g
ap
s
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
[
2
2
]
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ex
tr
a
lay
er
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
o
r
th
e
v
i
r
tu
al
k
ey
-
ca
r
d
l
o
ck
s
y
s
tem
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Rev
iew
o
f
re
la
t
ed
lite
ra
t
ure
Ko
n
g
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
(
R
FID
)
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
th
at
em
p
lo
y
ed
its
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
er
ial
b
u
s
(
USB
)
as
an
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
/in
ter
f
ac
e
with
a
h
o
s
t
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ac
h
in
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
er
ip
h
er
al
in
ter
f
ac
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
PIC
)
1
6
f
8
7
7
A
[
2
4
]
.
I
ts
g
r
ap
h
ic
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
s
u
ch
as
d
i
s
p
lay
o
f
liv
e
I
D
tag
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
r
eg
is
ter
in
g
I
D,
d
eletin
g
I
D,
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
atten
d
a
n
ce
,
an
d
o
th
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
.
I
t
was
d
ep
lo
y
ed
u
s
in
g
Vis
u
al
B
asic
2
0
1
0
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
f
o
r
r
e
g
is
te
r
in
g
an
d
d
eletin
g
I
D
m
ak
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
b
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lack
s
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
tr
u
e
u
s
er
id
en
tific
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
a
ca
m
er
a,
a
n
d
f
i
n
g
er
p
r
i
n
t
s
ca
n
n
er
[
2
5
]
.
An
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
th
at
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
to
th
is
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
R
FID
f
in
g
er
p
r
in
t
s
ca
n
n
er
in
s
tea
d
o
f
a
t
ag
to
r
u
le
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Yu
an
an
d
Xu
[
2
8
]
p
r
esen
ted
an
An
d
r
o
id
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
h
o
m
e’
s
m
ain
en
tr
an
ce
an
d
also
th
e
ca
r
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
also
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
v
er
all
ap
p
lian
ce
s
in
a
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
-
to
-
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
o
r
h
o
m
e
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
B
lu
eto
o
th
.
T
h
e
h
a
r
d
w
ar
e
p
ar
t is d
esig
n
ed
w
ith
th
e
P
I
C
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
J
o
s
h
i
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
ex
ten
d
e
d
J
o
s
h
i
an
d
Vag
h
ela
[
3
0
]
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
in
g
b
l
u
e
to
o
th
in
a
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice.
T
h
is
B
lu
eto
o
t
h
-
b
ased
An
d
r
o
id
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
es
was
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
,
an
d
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
its
door
-
l
o
ck
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
an
an
d
r
o
id
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
ta
s
k
m
aster
,
B
lu
eto
o
th
m
o
d
u
le
as
co
m
m
an
d
ag
en
t,
A
r
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
was
u
s
ed
as
its
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ce
n
ter
,
an
d
s
o
len
o
i
d
as d
o
o
r
lo
ck
o
u
tp
u
t
.
Nasir
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
also
p
r
ese
n
ted
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
h
o
m
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
(
GSM
)
.
I
t
u
s
ed
3
-
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
t
o
ex
ten
d
/ex
p
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
liti
es
in
o
th
er
p
e
r
ip
h
er
als
s
u
c
h
as
lig
h
t
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
LED
)
,
L
C
D,
B
u
zz
er
,
an
d
a
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Su
n
et
a
l.
[
3
]
ex
te
n
d
ed
Nasir
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
two
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
a
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
with
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
wid
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
with
a
n
AR
M
L
PC
2
1
4
8
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
o
n
co
m
m
an
d
s
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
an
d
p
r
esen
ts
s
en
s
o
r
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
to
t
h
e
L
PC
2
1
4
8
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
y
s
tem
to
s
en
d
s
s
ig
n
als
v
ia
its
p
o
r
ts
to
s
witch
ap
p
lian
ce
s
o
n
/o
f
f
;
W
h
ile,
its
s
ec
o
n
d
s
y
s
tem
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
s
o
m
e
a
d
d
itio
n
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
lik
e
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
e
o
f
an
in
tr
u
d
er
’
s
i
m
ag
es
u
n
k
n
o
wn
t
o
h
im
/h
er
[
3
3
]
.
Z
awislak
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
a
u
to
m
atic
p
ass
wo
r
d
-
b
ased
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
k
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
b
u
ild
a
n
in
teg
r
a
ted
,
f
u
lly
c
u
s
to
m
ized
h
o
m
e
s
e
cu
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
at
a
r
ea
s
o
n
a
b
le
co
s
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
is
u
s
ef
u
l in
k
ee
p
in
g
th
ie
v
es a
n
d
o
th
er
s
o
r
ts
o
f
d
an
g
e
r
s
at
b
ay
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
Kim
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
ex
ten
d
ed
B
h
a
v
an
i
an
d
Ma
n
g
la
[
3
6
]
v
ia
R
FID
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
th
at
u
s
ed
a
USB
as
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
/in
ter
f
ac
e
with
a
h
o
s
t
co
m
p
u
ter
m
a
ch
in
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
PIC
1
6
f
8
7
7
A
.
T
h
e
y
ex
ten
d
ed
its
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
to
y
ield
g
r
ea
te
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
o
f
th
e
o
v
e
r
a
ll
s
y
s
tem
s
u
ch
as
d
is
p
lay
o
f
liv
e
I
D
tag
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
r
eg
is
ter
in
g
I
D,
d
ele
tin
g
I
D,
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
atten
d
an
ce
,
an
d
o
th
er
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
f
ea
tu
r
es
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
d
eletio
n
o
f
I
Ds
m
ak
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
b
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lack
s
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
f
o
r
tr
u
e
u
s
er
id
en
tific
atio
n
v
ia
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Vis
io
n
m
o
d
el
v
iew
to
r
u
l
e
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
Desig
n
ed
a
p
ass
wo
r
d
-
p
r
o
tecte
d
h
o
m
e
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
with
an
au
to
m
atic
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
a
r
d
as
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
AT
m
eg
a
-
3
2
8
.
First,
th
e
u
s
er
co
m
b
in
atio
n
will
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
p
r
e
-
d
ec
id
ed
p
ass
wo
r
d
s
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
em
o
r
y
[
4
0
]
.
I
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
’
s
co
m
b
in
atio
n
m
atch
es
th
e
p
ass
wo
r
d
,
th
e
d
o
o
r
,
lig
h
t,
a
n
d
f
an
will
b
e
u
n
lo
ck
ed
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
was
b
u
ilt
to
b
e
lo
ck
e
d
b
y
ju
s
t
p
r
ess
in
g
a
k
ey
.
I
t
u
s
ed
t
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
to
in
ter
f
ac
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
er
ip
h
er
als.
I
f
th
e
p
a
s
s
wo
r
d
is
m
atch
ed
with
a
p
r
e
-
d
ec
id
e
d
p
ass
wo
r
d
,
th
en
th
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
s
im
p
ly
o
p
er
ates
th
e
r
elay
to
o
p
e
n
th
e
l
ig
h
ts
an
d
f
an
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
o
p
er
a
tes a
DC
m
o
to
r
v
ia
a
m
o
to
r
d
r
i
v
er
f
o
r
o
p
e
r
atin
g
th
e
d
o
o
r
[
4
2
]
–
[
4
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
ilo
t stu
d
y
o
n
d
ep
lo
yin
g
a
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
-
b
a
s
ed
virt
u
a
l
-
ke
y
a
cc
ess
a
n
d
lo
ck
…
(
A
n
d
r
ew
Oko
n
ji E
b
o
ka
)
289
2
.
2
.
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
Wi
r
eles
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
SN)
ar
e
f
asti
d
io
u
s
in
th
e
ir
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Vir
tu
al
tech
s
to
d
ay
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
y
m
an
y
s
y
s
tem
s
g
lo
b
ally
to
in
clu
d
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
au
to
m
atio
n
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
v
i
r
tu
al
r
em
o
te
-
b
ased
lig
h
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
s
m
ar
t
in
ter
f
ac
es
an
d
m
an
y
m
o
r
e.
At
its
co
r
e
is
th
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ca
n
a
d
j
u
s
ted
with
litt
le
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
t
o
ac
tu
alize
v
ir
tu
al
ass
is
tiv
e
te
ch
s
.
T
h
ese
ca
n
also
b
e
r
etr
o
f
itted
to
f
u
lly
u
tili
ze
o
u
r
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
I
n
all,
th
ey
r
aise
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
u
s
e
th
ese
s
y
s
t
em
s
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
Du
e
to
f
ast
-
p
a
ce
d
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
m
ar
t
k
ey
-
ca
r
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
u
s
er
s
with
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
o
p
tio
n
s
to
c
r
ea
tin
g
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
r
o
b
u
s
t,
f
lex
ib
le
a
n
d
lo
w
-
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
th
er
e
h
as
s
in
ce
b
ec
o
m
e
a
r
is
e
in
th
e
tr
en
d
in
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
d
u
e
to
th
eir
d
y
n
am
is
m
an
d
h
ig
h
-
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
[
4
7
]
–
[4
9]
.
B
u
s
in
ess
e
s
an
d
h
o
m
es
to
d
ay
,
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
s
er
v
er
s
with
o
n
s
ite/o
f
f
-
s
ite
lo
ca
tio
n
s
will
o
f
ten
p
r
o
f
it
f
r
o
m
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
t,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
o
v
er
-
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
th
at
ac
c
o
m
p
an
ies
a
v
ir
tu
a
lized
s
er
v
er
d
atab
an
k
s
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
5
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
ch
s
h
ar
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
v
i
r
tu
aliza
tio
n
en
a
b
les
th
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
[
5
2
]
–
[
5
4
]
.
A
p
let
h
o
r
a
o
f
r
estrictio
n
s
o
f
ten
ac
co
m
p
an
y
s
u
c
h
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
s
tem
s
–
o
n
e
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
b
ein
g
t
h
e
d
ea
r
th
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
th
at
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
to
g
eth
e
r
in
o
n
e
lo
ca
ti
o
n
[
5
5
]
,
[
5
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
e
is
also
th
e
lack
o
f
h
ig
h
-
s
ec
u
r
ity
ch
o
ices.
T
o
r
eso
lv
e
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
,
we
wis
h
to
co
m
b
in
e
all
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
(
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
ea
tu
r
es,
s
af
ety
f
ea
tu
r
es,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
)
in
to
a
s
in
g
le,
v
ir
tu
a
l
s
m
ar
t
-
lo
ck
.
T
h
is
will
th
u
s
,
y
ield
a
h
i
g
h
ly
-
s
ec
u
r
ed
s
y
s
tem
t
h
at
s
ee
k
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
s
in
f
r
o
n
tier
d
o
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
p
tio
n
s
with
o
u
t
co
n
f
lict
–
to
m
ak
e
o
u
r
h
o
m
es
s
af
er
th
an
b
ef
o
r
e
[
5
7
]
–
[
5
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
t
em
s
ev
o
lv
e
an
d
ar
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
to
f
o
r
estall
illi
cit
in
v
asio
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
Stu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
a
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
s
y
s
tem
with
a
s
in
g
le
-
k
ey
f
o
r
o
n
e
-
lo
c
k
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
[
6
0
]
,
[
6
1
]
.
2
.
3
.
Study
m
o
t
iv
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
m
o
tiv
ated
as lis
te
d
b
elo
w,
an
d
s
ee
k
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
a)
Secu
r
ity
:
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
v
ir
t
u
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
s
y
s
te
m
(
s
)
ar
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
u
n
au
t
h
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
,
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
h
ac
k
in
g
,
an
d
tam
p
e
r
in
g
–
s
ec
u
r
ity
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
ch
allen
g
e
f
ac
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
v
ir
tu
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile,
it
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
li
ed
to
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
o
u
r
d
aily
en
d
ea
v
o
u
r
,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
k
ey
ca
r
d
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
s
y
s
tem
m
u
s
t
aim
at
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
s
ec
u
r
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
en
s
itiv
e
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
u
s
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
well
as
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
u
ch
s
e
cu
r
e
b
u
ild
i
n
g
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
[
6
2
]
,
[
6
3
]
.
b)
Priv
ac
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
with
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
s
)
:
a
k
ey
c
h
allen
g
e
in
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
I
o
T
-
b
ased
an
d
en
ab
led
s
y
s
tem
s
is
th
at
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
f
r
o
m
ad
v
e
r
s
ar
ial
attac
k
s
,
th
r
ea
t
c
u
m
u
n
au
t
h
o
r
ized
-
to
-
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
ac
ce
s
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
-
tr
u
s
t
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
s
u
ch
I
o
T
-
b
ased
l
o
ck
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
lin
k
ed
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
v
ia
s
m
ar
t
m
o
b
il
e
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
is
aim
ed
at
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
g
en
er
ated
s
y
s
tem
is
r
o
b
u
s
t,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
[
6
4
]
,
[
6
5
]
.
c)
L
o
w
-
co
s
t
en
er
g
y
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
:
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
f
o
r
u
s
e,
v
i
r
tu
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
lo
ck
o
f
ten
m
ak
es
it
en
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t,
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
s
t,
an
d
en
s
u
r
es
it
is
at
a
ch
ea
p
er
co
s
t
o
f
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
W
h
ile,
ch
ea
p
er
m
ain
ten
an
ce
is
n
o
t
a
p
a
n
ac
ea
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ili
ty
–
its
u
s
e
is
v
er
y
r
estrictiv
e
s
o
th
at
o
n
l
y
a
f
ew
clien
ts
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ca
n
af
f
o
r
d
it.
B
io
m
etr
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ten
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
v
io
late
u
s
er
s
’
p
r
iv
ac
y
as
s
o
m
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
ten
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
m
to
b
e
p
er
s
o
n
ally
in
v
asiv
e
d
u
e
to
lo
s
s
o
f
an
o
n
y
m
ity
[
6
6
]
.
d)
A
k
ey
ch
allen
g
e
th
at
is
f
ac
ed
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
ject
is
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
o
f
th
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
ap
er
w
ill
p
r
esen
t
an
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
ee
k
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
lo
ck
m
ec
h
an
is
m
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
it
to
th
e
in
ter
n
et,
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e,
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ac
h
iev
es
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
u
s
er
d
ata
p
r
i
v
ac
y
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
u
s
er
-
tr
u
s
t,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
v
ia
th
e
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t,
v
ir
tu
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
d
ev
ice(
s
)
.
2
.
4
.
T
he
ex
perim
ent
a
l
v
irt
ua
l k
ey
-
ca
rd
wire
less
s
en
s
o
r
m
o
del
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
ar
t
v
ir
tu
al
d
o
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
ev
o
lv
es
ar
o
u
n
d
a
s
ea
m
less
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
A
u
s
er
s
u
cc
ess
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u
lly
tap
s
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ea
r
f
ield
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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(
NF
C
)
-
en
ab
led
d
ev
ice
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s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
o
r
s
m
ar
tcar
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)
o
n
t
h
e
N
FC
r
ea
d
e
r
l
o
c
at
e
d
n
e
a
r
a
d
o
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r
,
w
h
i
c
h
t
r
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g
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e
r
s
t
h
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y
s
tem
d
o
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r
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i
t
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l
o
c
k
t
o
u
n
l
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c
k
a
s
s
e
e
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
Up
o
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l a
cc
ess
,
th
e
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
em
its
an
au
d
ib
le
s
ig
n
al
to
in
d
icate
an
u
n
l
o
ck
s
tate,
with
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
e
en
tire
ac
ce
s
s
is
s
wif
t
an
d
e
asy
to
allo
w
u
s
er
s
ac
ce
s
s
th
eir
r
o
o
m
s
e
f
f
o
r
tles
s
ly
[
6
7
]
,
[
6
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
g
en
er
ates
a
b
ac
k
e
n
d
s
er
v
er
ac
ce
s
s
lo
g
with
t
h
ese
f
ea
ts
:
(
a)
tim
estam
p
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
,
(
b
)
th
e
u
s
ed
NFC
d
ev
ice
u
n
iq
u
e
id
e
n
tifie
r
,
a
n
d
(
c)
th
e
r
o
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
ac
ce
s
s
ed
.
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h
ese
lo
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ar
e
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ce
s
s
ib
le
v
ia
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ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
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ter
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ac
e,
a
llo
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h
o
tel
s
taf
f
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
r
ev
iew
ac
ce
s
s
ac
tiv
ities
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
lo
g
s
f
ac
ilit
ates
d
ata
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aly
s
is
,
en
ab
lin
g
h
o
te
l
m
an
ag
em
en
t t
o
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ain
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alu
ab
le
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n
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ig
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ts
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to
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est b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
an
d
o
cc
u
p
an
c
y
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atter
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
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f
&
C
o
m
m
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T
ec
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,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
25
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287
-
2
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7
290
T
h
e
ex
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ch
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e
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to
e
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h
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ce
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m
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ce
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co
n
tr
o
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ia
th
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i
n
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r
atio
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o
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ad
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ce
d
s
ec
u
r
e,
ac
ce
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s
to
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en
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tech
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o
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s
er
-
f
r
ien
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ly
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ea
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r
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ith
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ex
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g
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y
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tem
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r
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ed
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y
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d
d
r
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m
an
y
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k
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es
with
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ad
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o
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ew
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alities
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f
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ee
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ex
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ce
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an
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o
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e
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atio
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al
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
W
ith
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f
o
c
u
s
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n
d
e
v
ice
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
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e
s
y
s
tem
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ws
g
u
ests
to
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ce
s
s
th
eir
r
o
o
m
s
u
s
in
g
a
wid
e
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an
g
e
o
f
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en
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led
d
ev
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
m
a
r
t
p
h
o
n
e
s
,
s
m
a
r
t
wa
t
c
h
es
,
a
n
d
s
m
a
r
t
c
a
r
d
s
.
I
t
u
s
e
s
a
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
t
w
o
-
f
a
c
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u
t
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n
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i
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ti
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t
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
em
atics o
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v
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en
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u
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2
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u
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2
.
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
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iag
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o
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ex
p
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im
e
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tal
s
y
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tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
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T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
ilo
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(
A
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b
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291
Fig
u
r
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3
.
Scem
atic
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Ma
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er
s
will
in
clu
d
e:
(
a)
an
e
n
h
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ce
d
d
ev
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co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
NFC
-
en
ab
led
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ices
f
o
r
s
e
am
less
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ce
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s
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(
b
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s
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r
ity
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ea
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r
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in
clu
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-
f
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to
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th
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ticatio
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d
ata
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cr
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tio
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r
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th
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ize
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s
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ata
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f
ail
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u
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3
wh
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s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ed
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
e
r
to
allo
w
r
em
o
te
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
I
t
u
s
es
a
ca
r
d
r
ea
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
RF
I
D
o
r
NFC
tag
s
o
n
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
s
.
I
t
y
ield
s
a
d
is
p
l
ay
o
n
th
e
we
b
ap
p
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
u
s
er
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
wh
eth
er
ac
ce
s
s
h
as
b
ee
n
g
r
an
te
d
o
r
d
e
n
ied
.
T
h
e
s
o
len
o
id
lo
ck
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
wi
th
s
tan
d
tam
p
er
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
e
n
tire
s
y
s
tem
is
h
o
u
s
ed
in
a
s
ec
u
r
e
e
n
clo
s
u
r
e
to
p
r
ev
en
t u
n
au
t
h
o
r
ized
ac
c
ess
.
3.
F
I
NDING
S AN
D
R
E
SU
L
T
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
pe
rf
o
rma
nce
a
nd
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
r
esu
lt
an
d
in
d
ices
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
as
g
e
n
er
ated
.
T
ab
l
e
1
s
h
o
ws
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lt
o
f
in
te
g
r
at
in
g
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
k
e
y
-
ca
r
d
with
I
o
T
an
d
em
b
e
d
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
as
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
d
o
o
r
l
o
ck
.
R
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
[
6
9
]
,
[
7
0
]
.
W
e
also
ev
alu
ate
d
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
m
etr
ics
to
i
n
clu
d
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
p
ee
d
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
s
er
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
–
as
in
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
with
[
7
1
]
.
T
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
p
ee
d
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
tim
e
it
to
o
k
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
eith
er
g
r
an
t
o
r
d
e
n
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
d
o
o
r
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
f
ast
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
w
ith
b
o
th
g
r
an
tin
g
o
f
an
d
t
h
e
d
e
n
ial
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
to
u
n
lo
ck
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
in
less
th
an
a
s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
is
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
allo
wed
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t a
cc
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
is
in
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t w
ith
[
7
2
]
–
[
7
4
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
ati
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
s
y
s
te
m
Te
st
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
u
a
l
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
R
e
mar
k
S
u
c
c
e
ssf
u
l
a
c
c
e
ss
u
si
n
g
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
N
F
C
t
a
g
s
Th
e
d
o
o
r
u
n
l
o
c
k
s
u
p
o
n
p
r
e
se
n
t
i
n
g
a
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
N
F
C
t
a
g
P
a
ss
F
a
i
l
e
d
a
c
c
e
ss
v
i
a
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
d
e
v
i
c
e
a
c
c
e
ss
D
o
o
r
r
e
ma
i
n
e
d
l
o
c
k
u
p
o
n
p
r
e
se
n
t
i
n
g
a
n
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
d
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v
i
c
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P
a
s
F
a
i
l
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d
a
c
c
e
ss
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
v
a
l
i
d
N
F
C
t
a
g
D
o
o
r
r
e
ma
i
n
s
l
o
c
k
e
d
u
p
o
n
p
r
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s
e
n
t
i
n
g
i
n
v
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i
d
N
F
C
t
a
g
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P
a
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Er
r
o
r
h
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d
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i
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r
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v
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i
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C
t
a
g
D
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sp
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a
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s c
o
r
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c
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r
r
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m i
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
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n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
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1
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A
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20
25
:
287
-
2
9
7
292
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
we
test
ed
f
o
r
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
b
y
test
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
c
u
r
ately
r
ea
d
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
lo
ck
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
r
ig
h
ts
d
e
f
in
ed
in
th
e
web
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
r
eliab
le,
with
n
o
i
n
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
in
co
r
r
ec
t
ac
ce
s
s
g
r
an
ted
o
r
d
en
ied
.
T
h
e
lo
c
k
s
wer
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
le,
ab
le
to
with
s
tan
d
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tr
ess
an
d
ex
te
r
n
al
tam
p
er
in
g
.
User
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
c
e
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
s
an
d
th
e
we
b
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
k
ey
ca
r
d
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e,
with
n
o
s
p
ec
ial
s
k
ills
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
.
T
h
e
we
b
ap
p
is
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
an
d
in
tu
itiv
e,
with
a
s
im
p
le
an
d
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e,
wh
ich
ag
r
ee
s
with
[
7
5
]
–
[
7
7
]
.
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n o
f
f
ind
ing
s
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
s
in
g
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
ices
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
W
e
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
in
clu
d
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
(
a)
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
[
7
8
]
,
(
b
)
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
[
7
9
]
,
(
c
)
r
eliab
i
lity
[
8
0
]
,
(
d
)
er
r
o
r
h
an
d
lin
g
[
4
9
]
,
(
e)
u
s
er
s
’
u
s
a
b
ilit
y
co
n
v
en
ien
c
e
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
8
1
]
,
(
f
)
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
s
ev
er
al
NF
C
d
ev
ices
[
8
2
]
,
an
d
(
g
)
f
au
lt to
le
r
an
ce
[
8
3
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Sy
s
tem
test
r
esu
lts
Te
st
me
t
r
i
c
s
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
R
e
s
u
l
t
A
c
c
e
ss
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sp
e
e
d
Th
e
t
i
me
i
t
t
a
k
e
s f
o
r
t
h
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sy
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t
e
m
t
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n
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d
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y
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ss
t
o
t
h
e
d
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n
y
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ser
I
t
t
a
k
e
s a
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
o
f
1
.
8
s
e
c
o
n
d
s f
o
r
a
c
c
e
ss
t
o
b
e
g
r
a
n
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e
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f
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t
a
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s
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,
a
n
d
1
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1
s
e
c
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f
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e
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P
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t
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Th
e
sy
s
t
e
m’
s
a
b
i
l
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t
y
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o
w
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t
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st
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R
e
si
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293
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[
7
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7
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[
7
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[
7
7
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[
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[
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[
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[
8
1
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[
8
2
]
A
.
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n
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
I
ss
u
e
s
a
n
d
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
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w
w
w
.
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
g
a
t
e
.
n
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t
/
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
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o
n
/
3
0
7
6
3
9
1
4
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
And
r
e
w
O
k
o
n
ji
Eb
o
k
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
HN
D
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
in
1
9
9
8
fro
m
th
e
Ak
a
n
u
I
b
iam
F
e
d
e
ra
l
P
o
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
ic
in
Eb
o
n
y
i
S
tate
;
His
P
G
D
fro
m
th
e
Eb
o
n
y
i
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
2
0
1
3
,
B.
S
c
.
/E
d
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
fr
o
m
th
e
En
u
g
u
S
tate
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
En
u
g
u
i
n
2
0
1
3
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
in
Ne
two
r
k
C
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
fro
m
Co
v
e
n
try
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Un
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
.
He
is
a
C
h
ief
Lec
tu
re
r
a
t
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
th
e
F
e
d
e
ra
l
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
ica
l
As
a
b
a
,
Nig
e
ria.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
:
c
y
b
e
rs
e
c
u
rit
y
,
u
b
i
q
u
it
o
u
s c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
fo
re
n
sic
s.
He
is a me
m
b
e
r
o
f:
T
h
e
Brit
is
h
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
,
As
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
M
a
c
h
in
e
ry
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
o
f
Nig
e
ria
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
As
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(IAEN
G
).
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
n
d
re
w.e
b
o
k
a
@fc
e
tas
a
b
a
.
e
d
u
.
n
g
.
Fi
d
e
li
s
O
b
u
k
o
h
wo
Ag
h
wa
r
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B
.
Sc
.
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
fro
m
Th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
L
a
g
o
s
in
1
9
9
8
;
M
.
Sc
.
in
2
0
0
5
fro
m
th
e
Nn
a
m
d
i
Az
i
k
iwe
Un
iv
e
rsity
Aw
k
a
,
a
n
d
a
lso
P
h
.
D
.
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
in
2
0
1
5
fr
o
m
t
h
e
E
b
o
n
y
i
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ab
a
k
il
ik
i.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
As
so
c
i
a
te
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
wit
h
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
De
lt
a
in
Ag
b
o
r,
De
lt
a
S
tate
o
f
Nig
e
ria.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
(b
u
t
n
o
t
li
m
it
e
d
t
o
):
c
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
,
d
a
ta
sc
ien
c
e
,
a
n
d
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
.
He
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
Nig
e
rian
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
(NCS)
,
t
h
e
Co
u
n
c
il
f
o
r
R
e
g
istratio
n
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
o
f
Ni
g
e
ria
(CP
N),
a
n
d
th
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
As
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rs
(IAENG
).
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t:
fid
e
li
s.a
g
h
wa
re
@u
n
id
e
l.
e
d
u
.
n
g
.
Ma
r
g
a
r
e
t
Du
m
e
b
i
O
k
p
o
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B
.
Sc
.
a
n
d
M
.
Sc
.
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
in
1
9
9
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Be
n
in
i
n
E
d
o
S
tate
o
f
Ni
g
e
ria;
a
n
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
in
2
0
2
3
a
lso
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
fro
m
t
h
e
Ig
n
a
ti
u
s
Aju
r
u
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
P
o
rt
-
Ha
rc
o
u
rt
,
Ri
v
e
rs
S
tate
in
Nig
e
ria.
S
h
e
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
lec
tu
re
s
with
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
De
lt
a
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Oz
o
ro
in
De
lt
a
S
tate
o
f
Nig
e
ria.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
a
re
in
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
AI
-
d
riv
e
n
id
e
n
ti
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
ss
c
o
n
tro
l,
c
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
,
a
n
d
i
n
sid
e
r
th
re
a
t
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
.
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
Nig
e
rian
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
(NCS)
a
n
d
th
e
Co
u
n
c
il
fo
r
Re
g
istratio
n
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
o
f
Ni
g
e
ria.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
o
k
p
o
r
m
d
@
d
su
st.ed
u
.
n
g
.
C
h
r
isto
p
h
e
r
Chu
k
wufu
n
a
y
a
O
d
ia
k
a
o
se
re
c
e
riv
e
d
h
is
BS
c
fro
m
En
u
g
u
S
ta
t
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
En
u
g
u
a
n
d
is
M
.
Sc
.
fro
m
th
e
F
e
d
e
ra
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
P
e
tro
leu
m
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
Eff
u
r
u
n
i
n
De
lt
a
S
tate
.
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
ss
istan
t
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
i
n
g
h
is
d
o
c
t
o
ra
l
st
u
d
i
e
s
with
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
th
e
F
e
d
e
ra
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
P
e
tr
o
leu
m
Re
so
u
rc
e
s E
ffu
ru
n
in
De
lt
a
S
tate
,
Nig
e
ria.
He
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
lec
tu
re
s a
t
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Da
ta
S
c
ien
c
e
o
f
th
e
De
n
n
is
Os
a
d
e
b
a
y
Un
i
v
e
rsi
ty
As
a
b
a
.
He
h
a
s
se
v
e
ra
l
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
h
is
c
re
d
it
a
n
d
h
is
i
n
tere
st
is
in
b
ig
-
d
a
ta,
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,
a
n
d
u
se
r
tru
st mo
d
e
li
n
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
o
se
g
a
lax
y
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Eja
ita
Abu
g
o
r
O
k
p
a
k
o
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B
S
c
,
M
S
c
a
n
d
P
h
D
(a
ll
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
)
fro
m
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
P
o
rt
-
Hà
rc
o
u
rt
i
n
Ri
v
e
rs
S
tate
,
Nig
e
ria.
He
i
s
p
re
se
n
tl
y
t
h
e
Ac
ti
n
g
De
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
t
t
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
De
lt
a
,
A
g
b
o
r
in
N
ig
e
ria.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
d
a
t
a
sc
ien
c
e
,
c
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
,
b
ig
d
a
ta
a
n
d
so
ftwa
re
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
He
se
rv
e
d
p
re
v
io
u
sly
a
s
th
e
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
ICT
a
t
th
e
E
d
win
Clar
k
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
Kia
g
b
o
d
o
in
De
lt
a
S
tate
,
Nig
e
ria.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
o
v
e
r
4
9
a
rti
c
les
c
o
m
p
risi
n
g
o
f
j
o
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
th
e
P
RO
o
f
t
h
e
Ni
g
e
ria
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iet
y
,
De
lt
a
S
tate
Ch
a
p
ter
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
e
jaita.o
k
p
a
k
o
@u
n
i
d
e
l.
e
d
u
.
n
g
.
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