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hn
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SS
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i
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.
pp
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-
41
31
J
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s
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t,
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a
s
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se
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e
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ti
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e
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it
s
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y
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fu
n
c
ti
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n
.
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h
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s
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d
y
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
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o
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v
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x
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e
q
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n
n
a
ire
(UEQ).
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h
is
stu
d
y
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ss
e
ss
e
s
v
a
rio
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s
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lem
e
n
ts
o
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ti
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ims
to
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AR
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p
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is
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o
th
a
p
p
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li
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fficie
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t,
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n
stil
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e
n
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e
in
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ts
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se
rs.
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h
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u
n
d
e
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re
s
th
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v
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tal
ro
le
o
f
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x
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s
h
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p
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ti
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ss
a
n
d
re
c
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
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a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
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h
is
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se
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rc
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h
a
s
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
to
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Web
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e
x
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s,
imp
ro
v
in
g
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se
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n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
imm
e
rsio
n
in
we
b
-
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a
se
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a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
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e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
3
D
m
o
d
el
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
Ma
r
k
er
-
b
ased
UE
Q
W
eb
AR
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
No
o
r
alis
a
Mo
h
d
T
u
ah
C
r
ea
tiv
e
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
R
esear
ch
Gr
o
u
p
,
Facu
lty
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics
Un
iv
er
s
iti Ma
lay
s
ia
Sab
ah
,
L
ab
u
an
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
C
am
p
u
s
L
ab
u
an
F.T
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: a
lis
a.
tu
ah
@
u
m
s
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
is
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
b
r
in
g
s
t
o
g
eth
er
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
w
o
r
ld
s
o
n
a
s
im
ilar
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
AR
will
en
ab
le
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
m
ater
ial
(
im
ag
es,
v
id
eo
,
an
d
an
im
atio
n
)
with
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
m
ater
ials
o
r
au
g
m
en
ted
v
is
io
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
en
r
ic
h
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
esen
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
AR
h
elp
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
u
s
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
u
b
ject.
T
o
d
ate,
AR
h
as
d
iv
e
r
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
d
icatin
g
its
v
er
s
a
tili
ty
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
ev
er
al
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
m
ass
iv
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
g
am
es
lik
e
Po
k
ém
o
n
GO,
wh
ich
u
tili
ze
s
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
d
is
p
lay
s
to
p
r
o
je
ct
im
ag
i
n
ar
y
a
n
im
als
in
to
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
l
d
,
is
p
r
o
o
f
th
at
AR
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
im
m
er
s
iv
e
an
d
en
g
ag
i
n
g
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
b
y
v
is
u
alizin
g
d
if
f
icu
lt
id
ea
s
o
r
h
is
to
r
ical
ev
en
ts
.
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
n
o
r
m
ally
ap
p
lied
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
(
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
m
o
b
ile
AR
)
an
d
web
-
b
ased
AR
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
(
W
eb
AR
)
.
W
eb
AR
is
a
d
ig
ita
l
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
th
at
allo
ws
clien
ts
to
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
tly
ac
ce
s
s
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
n
lin
e,
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
s
p
ec
ialis
t
s
o
f
twar
e
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ea
ls
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
31
-
41
32
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
i
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
c
u
ltu
r
al
to
u
r
is
m
[
4
]
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
5
]
,
an
d
m
ar
k
etin
g
[
6
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
em
,
W
eb
AR
was
n
o
t
a
p
o
p
u
lar
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
m
o
b
ile
AR
.
I
t
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
r
ap
id
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
r
e
q
u
ir
es a
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
d
if
f
er
en
t r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
p
latf
o
r
m
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
7
]
,
3
D
r
en
d
er
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
[
8
]
,
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e,
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
co
d
es,
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
web
AR
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
co
u
ld
lead
to
b
etter
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
h
ig
h
er
-
q
u
ality
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
co
n
tex
ts
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
i
d
ea
s
o
f
AR
an
d
W
eb
AR
f
o
r
au
g
m
en
tin
g
r
e
lated
co
n
te
n
t
r
em
ain
th
e
s
am
e.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
W
eb
AR
an
d
m
o
b
ile
AR
lie
in
th
e
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
AR
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
W
eb
AR
will
u
s
e
th
e
av
ailab
le
J
av
aScr
ip
t
lib
r
ar
y
an
d
API
[
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
will
b
e
a
lim
itatio
n
wh
en
th
e
lib
r
a
r
y
o
r
API
is
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
o
r
e
lib
r
ar
ies
h
av
e
to
b
e
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
W
eb
AR
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
to
b
e
less
ex
p
en
s
iv
e,
lig
h
tweig
h
t,
an
d
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
W
eb
AR
’
s
id
e
a
s
tr
ea
m
lin
es
th
e
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
elim
in
ati
n
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ap
p
d
o
wn
lo
ad
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
a
b
ar
r
ier
to
u
s
in
g
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
o
n
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
.
I
n
s
tead
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
n
o
w
v
iew
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
e
lem
en
ts
d
ir
ec
tly
in
th
eir
web
b
r
o
wse
r
.
User
s
ca
n
q
u
ick
ly
e
n
g
ag
e
with
th
e
latest
d
ig
ital
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
b
y
s
im
p
ly
v
is
itin
g
a
d
esig
n
ated
UR
L
,
s
u
ch
as
an
im
atin
g
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lab
el
o
r
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
em
o
o
n
a
b
u
s
in
ess
ca
r
d
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
W
eb
AR
m
ay
o
r
m
a
y
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
c
o
s
t,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
er
o
r
p
u
b
lis
h
er
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
web
-
b
ased
,
s
o
its
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
m
ay
b
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
[
3
]
.
I
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
in
b
ad
s
h
ap
e,
it will h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t o
n
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
m
ay
a
d
v
er
s
ely
a
f
f
ec
t
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
AR
is
to
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
r
e
en
r
ich
ed
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
b
y
s
ea
m
less
l
y
b
len
d
i
n
g
th
e
d
ig
ital
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
wo
r
ld
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
AR
elem
en
t
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
AR
,
eith
er
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
o
r
m
ar
k
e
r
less
.
A
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
p
h
y
s
ical
m
ar
k
er
s
s
u
ch
as
p
h
o
t
o
g
r
ap
h
s
,
QR
co
d
es,
an
d
o
b
jects
to
ac
tiv
ate
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
th
e
au
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
v
ir
tu
al
co
n
ten
t
in
s
id
e
th
e
ac
tu
al
wo
r
ld
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
m
ar
k
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
u
id
e
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
th
e
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
s
y
s
tem
as
it
s
u
p
er
im
p
o
s
es
d
ig
ital
d
ata
o
n
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
v
is
u
al
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
ca
m
er
a
o
f
th
eir
d
ev
ice
[
5
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Un
lik
e
m
ar
k
e
r
less
AR
,
th
e
p
r
o
jectio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
m
ater
ial
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ely
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
h
y
s
ical
m
ar
k
er
s
.
I
n
s
tead
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
am
b
ien
t
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
AR
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
s
id
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
wo
r
ld
[
11
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
r
es
ea
r
ch
b
y
B
r
ito
an
d
Sto
y
a
n
o
v
a
[
11
]
,
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
l
ity
(
AR
)
h
as
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
m
ar
k
er
less
AR
.
T
h
i
s
f
in
d
in
g
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
em
o
tio
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
f
am
iliar
ity
with
th
e
b
r
an
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
B
asira
tzad
eh
et
a
l.
[
12
]
co
n
ten
d
s
th
at
m
ar
k
er
less
s
y
s
tem
s
ex
h
ib
it
a
d
im
in
is
h
ed
lev
el
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
f
er
a
s
tead
y
an
d
im
m
ed
iately
r
ec
o
g
n
i
za
b
le
p
atter
n
.
T
h
e
s
el
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
m
ar
k
er
-
b
as
ed
an
d
m
ar
k
er
less
AR
h
in
g
es
u
p
o
n
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
So
m
e
a
p
p
s
m
a
y
u
tili
ze
a
b
len
d
o
f
b
o
th
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
t
h
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
W
eb
AR
o
n
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
W
h
ile
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
te
x
ts
,
th
ey
h
av
e
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
its
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t to
o
ls
th
ey
u
s
ed
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t a
n
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
l
e
to
th
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Du
tta
et
a
l.
[1
3
]
e
x
am
in
ed
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
two
m
o
b
ile
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
o
n
e
b
ased
o
n
k
e
y
in
p
u
t
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
b
ased
o
n
m
ar
k
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
ess
ed
u
s
ab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ab
ilit
y
s
co
r
e
(S
US)
an
d
th
e
h
a
n
d
h
eld
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
u
s
ab
ilit
y
s
co
r
e
(
HARUS
)
m
o
d
els
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
m
o
b
ile
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
M
AR
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
er
v
e
as
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
l
f
o
r
i
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
Kar
n
au
g
h
m
ath
em
atics.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
k
ey
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
y
ield
e
d
b
etter
u
s
er
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
th
a
n
t
h
e
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
MA
R
ap
p
lic
atio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
1
4
]
u
s
ed
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
as
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
en
to
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
m
o
s
q
u
it
o
es
an
d
d
en
g
u
e.
T
h
ey
also
u
s
ed
UE
Q
to
ev
alu
ate
u
s
er
s
’
im
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
f
r
o
m
UE
Q
s
u
g
g
ested
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
AR
in
ass
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
ey
o
n
ly
ac
h
iev
e
d
two
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
elem
e
n
ts
:
attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
tim
u
latio
n
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
R
ib
eir
o
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
r
o
n
e
p
ilo
t
tr
ain
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
u
s
in
g
web
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
h
ig
h
av
aila
b
ilit
y
b
y
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
th
e
web
an
d
o
th
er
wid
ely
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
ile
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
s
s
til
l
in
its
in
f
an
cy
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
is
r
eg
a
r
d
ed
as
an
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
m
ee
tin
g
cu
s
to
m
er
n
ee
d
s
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
tag
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
ass
es
s
m
en
t o
f
th
eir
u
s
ab
ilit
y
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies ca
n
g
ain
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
am
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
a
s
s
es
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
W
eb
AR
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
W
eb
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
s
ee
k
s
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
ac
c
ep
tan
ce
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
W
eb
AR
d
u
r
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
s
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
o
f m
a
r
ke
r
-
b
a
s
ed
3
D
Web
A
R
…
(
N
o
o
r
a
lis
a
Mo
h
d
Tu
a
h
)
33
ev
en
ts
.
A
s
p
ec
if
ic
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
o
v
er
lay
s
3
D
co
n
ten
t
o
n
th
e
m
ater
ial
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
a
cc
ep
tab
ilit
y
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
f
av
o
r
ab
l
y
im
p
ac
t
th
em
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
esu
lt
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ar
k
e
r
-
b
ased
3
D
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
en
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
w
h
ich
al
s
o
in
clu
d
es
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
k
e
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
t
h
e
wo
r
k
’
s
lim
itatio
n
s
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
as we
ll a
s
th
e
p
lan
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ly
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
in
cl
u
d
es
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
to
o
ls
a
n
d
m
a
ter
ials
f
o
r
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
3
D
W
eb
AR
an
d
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
an
d
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2
.
1
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
r
ap
i
d
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
R
AD)
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
f
r
o
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
to
ev
alu
atio
n
.
R
AD
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
its
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
q
u
ic
k
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
a
p
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
iter
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
will
ex
p
ed
ite
s
y
s
tem
d
eliv
er
y
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
an
d
r
eu
s
in
g
co
d
e.
R
AD
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
a
v
alu
ab
le
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ap
p
licatio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
tim
ely
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
ies,
s
u
ch
as
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
ap
id
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
B
illi
n
g
h
u
r
s
t
an
d
Neb
elin
g
[1
7
]
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
AR
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
iter
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
R
AD
is
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
er
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
ch
an
g
in
g
cu
s
to
m
er
n
ee
d
s
b
y
a
llo
win
g
ch
an
g
es
to
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
th
e
p
r
o
ject
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
.
User
en
g
ag
em
en
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
b
etter
-
tailo
r
e
d
ap
p
l
icatio
n
th
at
m
ee
ts
th
eir
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
Utilizin
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
d
e
f
r
o
m
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
tr
ea
m
lin
es
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
ad
h
er
e
d
to
all
th
e
p
h
ases
in
th
e
R
AD
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
ases
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
p
lan
n
i
n
g
p
h
ase
(
p
h
ase
1
)
,
th
e
u
s
er
d
e
s
ig
n
p
h
ase
(
p
h
ase
2
)
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
h
ase
(
p
h
ase
3
)
,
a
n
d
th
e
cu
t
-
o
v
er
p
h
ase
(
p
h
ase
4
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
p
h
as
es.
R
AD
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
cr
ea
tin
g
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
t
h
at
o
f
f
er
s
q
u
ick
r
es
p
o
n
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
test
in
g
p
h
ases
.
R
AD
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
im
p
lem
en
te
d
to
ex
p
ed
ite
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
tim
elin
e
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
an
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
u
t
co
m
es
.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
ea
ch
s
tep
co
m
p
leted
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
AD
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
−
Ph
ase
1
:
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
was
b
u
ilt
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
Ma
l
ay
s
ia
’
s
n
atio
n
al
d
ay
,
an
d
all
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
d
a
y
th
em
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
co
ll
ec
ted
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
n
atio
n
al
d
ay
,
an
al
y
ze
d
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
v
er
i
f
ied
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
n
ce
ag
ain
.
−
Ph
ase
2
:
t
h
is
p
h
ase
is
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
with
th
e
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
s
to
r
y
b
o
ar
d
in
g
,
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
to
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e,
th
en
in
v
o
l
v
es
test
in
g
with
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
u
s
er
s
(
th
e
s
am
e
u
s
er
s
as
p
h
ase
1
)
,
an
d
co
n
clu
d
es
with
r
ef
in
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
in
p
u
t
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
Sy
s
tem
d
esig
n
in
clu
d
es
m
ak
in
g
a
3
D
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
en
cr
ea
tin
g
3
D
an
im
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
d
esig
n
is
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
s
u
b
m
itted
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
−
Ph
ase
3
:
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
p
h
ase
2
wer
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
to
a
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
All
3
D
m
o
d
els,
m
ar
k
er
s
,
an
d
o
v
er
la
y
AR
elem
en
ts
ar
e
p
lace
d
to
g
eth
er
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
h
ase.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
5
:
31
-
41
34
−
Ph
ase
4
:
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
th
is
ju
n
ctu
r
e
to
f
in
alize
th
e
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
All
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
n
d
er
g
o
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
test
in
g
to
v
er
if
y
th
eir
p
r
o
p
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
Af
ter
w
e
co
m
p
leted
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
test
in
g
,
we
co
n
d
u
c
ted
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
with
r
a
n
d
o
m
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ass
ess
ed
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
3
D
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
d
is
p
lay
s
a
n
d
th
eir
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
with
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
UE
Q)
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
aim
was
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
h
o
w
th
e
d
is
p
lay
o
f
3
D
o
b
ject
p
r
o
je
ctio
n
o
n
u
s
er
’
s
m
o
b
ile
s
cr
ee
n
s
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
u
s
e
r
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
o
f
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
3
D
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
was u
p
lo
a
d
ed
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
g
r
o
u
p
web
s
ite
(
h
tt
p
s
://ccr
g
h
u
b
.
c
o
m
/iris/ar
-
s
ce
n
e/in
d
ex
.
h
tm
l)
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t sectio
n
will f
u
r
th
er
e
x
p
lain
th
e
d
etails o
f
th
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
e
m
ate
r
ial
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
des
ig
n,
t
o
o
ls
,
a
nd
pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
esig
n
was
ch
o
s
en
in
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
it
co
u
ld
h
elp
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ac
h
iev
e
its
g
o
al
b
y
o
b
tain
in
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
in
p
u
t
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
ar
k
e
r
-
b
a
s
ed
au
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
to
o
l
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
co
l
lect
d
ata
b
ef
o
r
e
(
p
r
e)
an
d
af
te
r
(
p
o
s
t)
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
ex
p
er
im
en
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
c
o
llect
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
n
d
p
ar
ticip
an
t
’
s
im
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
r
e
ality
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
g
iv
en
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
b
e
g
an
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
3
D
W
eb
AR
ap
p
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
u
n
f
am
iliar
with
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
o
f
f
e
r
ed
s
o
m
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
s
ess
io
n
was
d
esig
n
ed
to
co
llect
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia
o
f
th
e
m
ar
k
er
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
UE
Q
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
UE
Q
ca
n
ef
f
icien
tly
g
au
g
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
s
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
1
8
]
,
a
n
d
it
h
as
b
e
e
n
s
h
o
wn
t
o
b
e
a
r
eliab
le
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
19
]
,
[2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
ei
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
3
D
W
eb
A
R
ap
p
licat
io
n
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
test
in
g
s
ess
io
n
.
Usu
ally
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
tak
es
at
m
o
s
t
f
iv
e
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
UE
Q
em
p
l
o
y
s
p
air
s
o
f
co
n
tr
asti
n
g
attr
ib
u
tes
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
s
ix
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
p
er
s
p
icu
ity
,
d
ep
e
n
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
s
tim
u
latio
n
,
an
d
n
o
v
elty
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
is
ex
p
lain
ed
b
elo
w;
−
Attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
ased
o
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
a
s
u
n
p
leasan
t
o
r
d
elig
h
tf
u
l,
g
o
o
d
o
r
awf
u
l,
u
n
lik
ea
b
le,
p
leasan
t,
ap
p
ea
lin
g
,
an
d
f
r
ien
d
ly
.
−
E
f
f
icien
cy
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
th
ey
ar
e
u
tili
zi
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
attr
ib
u
tes u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
ef
f
icien
cy
ar
e
s
p
ee
d
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
p
r
ac
ticality
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
−
Per
s
p
icu
ity
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
in
g
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
b
y
attr
ib
u
tes s
u
ch
as c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
ib
ilit
y
,
ea
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
,
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
clar
ity
,
an
d
c
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
.
−
Dep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
en
s
atio
n
is
ev
alu
ate
d
b
ased
o
n
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
ca
n
b
e
an
ticip
ated
,
h
in
d
er
in
g
o
r
aid
in
g
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
a
n
d
wh
eth
er
th
e
item
f
u
lf
ills
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
−
Sti
m
u
latio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
u
s
er
s
’
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
d
icatin
g
th
eir
ex
cite
m
en
t
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
is
co
m
p
o
n
en
t is ass
ess
ed
b
ased
o
n
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
in
f
e
r
io
r
ity
,
ex
citem
en
t,
cu
r
i
o
s
ity
,
an
d
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
.
−
No
v
elty
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
’
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
ass
ess
ed
b
ased
o
n
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
in
v
en
tiv
en
ess
,
cu
ttin
g
-
e
d
g
e
id
ea
s
,
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
attr
ib
u
tes
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
d
escr
ib
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
co
n
t
r
asti
n
g
elem
e
n
ts
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
p
leasan
t
o
r
u
n
p
leasan
t,
f
ast
o
r
s
lo
w,
an
d
co
m
p
licated
o
r
ea
s
y
.
T
h
e
r
atin
g
s
ca
les
u
tili
ze
a
s
e
v
en
-
p
o
in
t
s
em
an
tic
v
ar
ian
ce
f
o
r
m
at.
Par
ticip
an
ts
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
y
m
ar
k
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
in
t
th
at
b
est
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
W
h
en
r
ef
lec
tin
g
o
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
attr
ib
u
tes,
ch
o
ices
s
h
o
u
ld
alig
n
with
th
o
s
e
attr
ib
u
tes;
wh
en
r
ef
lectin
g
o
n
u
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
attr
i
b
u
tes,
ch
o
ices
s
h
o
u
ld
lik
ewise
alig
n
with
th
o
s
e
attr
ib
u
tes.
I
f
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
is
i
n
th
e
m
id
d
le,
it
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
at
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
b
elo
n
g
t
o
eith
er
o
f
th
e
two
attr
ib
u
tes.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
ly
e
x
p
r
ess
th
eir
i
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
AR
ap
p
licat
io
n
wh
en
m
a
k
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
At
tim
es,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
m
ay
in
itially
p
er
ce
iv
e
attr
ib
u
t
es
as
u
n
r
elat
ed
,
b
u
t
as
th
ey
ad
v
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
ey
will
d
is
co
v
er
th
eir
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
en
g
a
g
ed
t
h
ir
ty
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
t
h
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
UE
Q
s
tu
d
y
in
[
2
1
]
,
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
o
f
twen
t
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
h
all
b
e
s
elec
ted
to
ac
cu
r
ately
id
en
tif
y
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
s
w
h
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
we
r
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
Natio
n
al
Da
y
ex
h
ib
itio
n
.
T
h
e
ex
h
ib
itio
n
to
o
k
p
lace
at
a
co
m
m
er
cial
ce
n
ter
in
Ko
ta
Kin
ab
alu
,
Sab
ah
.
T
h
e
ex
h
ib
itio
n
to
o
k
p
lace
o
v
er
two
d
ay
s
o
n
Au
g
u
s
t
2
5
an
d
2
6
,
2
0
2
3
.
E
v
e
r
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
was
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
at
th
e
ir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was
o
p
tio
n
al.
I
f
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
ch
o
o
s
e
to
co
n
tin
u
e,
th
e
y
m
ay
r
ef
u
s
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
d
iv
e
r
s
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
wo
r
k
er
s
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
a
n
d
lo
ca
l
an
d
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
v
is
ito
r
s
,
with
ag
es
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
8
to
4
0
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
in
ten
d
ed
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
er
a
n
d
p
ar
ticip
an
t
in
a
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
ettin
g
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
tr
ial
co
m
m
en
ce
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
will
r
eq
u
est
th
at
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
m
p
lete
th
e
p
r
e
-
ex
p
er
im
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
s
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
o
f m
a
r
ke
r
-
b
a
s
ed
3
D
Web
A
R
…
(
N
o
o
r
a
lis
a
Mo
h
d
Tu
a
h
)
35
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
O
n
ce
th
e
f
o
r
m
is
f
illed
o
u
t,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
will
in
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
o
n
h
o
w
t
o
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
th
e
AR
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
u
tili
z
in
g
eith
er
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
’
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
m
o
b
il
e
p
h
o
n
e
o
r
th
e
o
n
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
will
allo
w
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
to
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
e
w
eb
.
T
h
is
tim
e
ty
p
ically
last
ed
b
etwe
en
5
an
d
1
0
m
in
u
tes.
Af
ter
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ar
e
f
in
is
h
ed
,
th
e
y
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
f
ill o
u
t th
e
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
2
.
2
.
T
he
3
D
WebAR
m
o
del
a
nd
a
pp
lica
t
io
n
Six
teen
3
D
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
e
W
eb
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
Ad
o
b
e
I
llu
s
tr
ato
r
an
d
t
h
en
a
n
im
ated
in
B
len
d
er
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
M
alay
s
ia
’
s
n
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u
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4
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r
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.
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I
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ased
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p
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s
in
[
19
]
,
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2
2
]
,
wh
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d
y
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aliza
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ap
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h
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ap
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p
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l
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b
eg
in
n
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th
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ap
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A
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a
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Web
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39
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o
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tech
n
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lo
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d
p
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tial
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s
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r
eo
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ter
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tiv
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s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
u
s
er
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
[
2
4
].
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
ce
r
tain
lim
itatio
n
s
t
h
at
we
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o
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e
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h
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m
en
t
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o
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ly
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ce
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tili
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g
t
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r
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ad
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m
eth
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in
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ca
p
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o
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m
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tly
im
p
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s
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’
ex
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wh
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in
ter
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wit
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3
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item
s
.
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CO
NCLU
SI
O
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h
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y
h
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p
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to
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ased
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s
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ased
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ter
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ae
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etics,
s
tim
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,
an
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,
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co
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ata.
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ec
if
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p
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in
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ter
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er
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x
p
er
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ce
.
T
h
e
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
in
p
u
t
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d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
h
as
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p
h
asized
th
e
s
ig
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if
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ce
o
f
u
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ter
e
d
d
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co
n
ce
p
ts
in
c
r
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g
m
a
r
k
er
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ased
3
D
W
eb
AR
ex
p
er
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ce
s
.
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y
in
teg
r
atin
g
u
s
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d
b
ac
k
in
to
t
h
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iter
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d
esig
n
p
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ce
s
s
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d
ev
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e
r
s
ca
n
cr
af
t
m
o
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in
tu
itiv
e,
ap
p
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lin
g
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n
d
i
m
m
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iv
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ex
p
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th
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ied
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s
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h
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ased
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m
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f
e
r
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r
ac
tical
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p
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ce
o
f
m
ar
k
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ased
3
D
W
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AR
ap
p
licatio
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s
.
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t
u
r
e
r
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ch
m
ay
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p
lo
r
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d
if
f
er
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t
ev
alu
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p
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o
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es,
s
tu
d
y
th
e
ex
ten
d
ed
u
s
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ag
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t
with
m
ar
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ased
3
D
W
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p
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s
o
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tim
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d
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aly
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o
lv
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g
tech
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o
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ies af
f
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t t
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el
o
p
m
en
t o
f
web
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ased
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g
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e
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ted
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lity
.
ACK
NO
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DG
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S
Au
th
o
r
th
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e
Un
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iti
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lay
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ia
Sab
ah
an
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th
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Sab
ah
State
C
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ltu
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h
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au
th
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r
s
lik
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to
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p
r
ess
g
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atitu
d
e
t
o
th
o
s
e
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o
ass
is
ted
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th
e
ap
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licatio
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p
m
en
t a
n
d
th
e
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h
ass
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tan
t w
h
o
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
th
e
test
in
g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
I
.
A
.
Jo
i
n
e
r
,
“
V
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r
t
u
a
l
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n
Em
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r
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
–
1
2
8
.
[
2
]
N
.
J.
S
h
i
h
,
P
.
H
.
D
i
a
o
,
a
n
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Y
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
A
R
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a
n
A
R
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e
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so
rs
(
S
w
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,
v
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o
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0
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3
3
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9
1
7
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.
[
3
]
D
.
S
.
S
h
e
p
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l
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e
v
e
t
a
l
.
, “
W
e
b
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d
e
v
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p
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t
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l
s:
A
n
o
v
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v
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,
”
C
EU
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p
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v
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l
.
2
8
3
2
,
p
p
.
8
4
–
9
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
4
]
C
.
A
.
Ta
y
,
B
.
B
.
D
o
m
i
n
i
c
,
H
.
I
.
H
o
,
N
.
A
n
n
u
a
r
,
a
n
d
N
.
E.
M
.
S
a
f
e
r
i
n
o
r
,
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G
a
m
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f
i
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d
a
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
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a
l
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t
y
m
o
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
l
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c
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t
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f
o
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t
o
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r
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sm
i
n
K
u
c
h
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n
g
,
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i
n
L
e
c
t
u
re
N
o
t
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s
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n
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l
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l
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g
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g
,
v
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l
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8
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L
N
EE,
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
3
5
5
–
3
6
6
.
[
5
]
I
.
W
a
n
g
,
M
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
H
.
Le
,
W
.
Y
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
H
o
o
p
e
r
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
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n
g
v
i
s
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a
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s
a
t
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t
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n
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d
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t
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g
mark
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y
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w
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-
b
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se
d
p
l
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t
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m,”
i
n
Pro
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d
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s
o
f
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8
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h
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V
S
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.
2
0
1
8
.
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6
3
9
1
4
7
.
[
6
]
H
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
P
.
A
.
R
a
u
sc
h
n
a
b
e
l
,
M
.
N
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
R
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
r
i
v
a
s
t
a
v
a
,
“
T
o
w
a
r
d
s
a
t
h
e
o
r
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t
i
c
a
l
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
mar
k
e
t
i
n
g
:
a
me
a
n
s
-
e
n
d
c
h
a
i
n
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
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r
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t
a
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l
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
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t
,
v
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l
.
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1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
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9
1
0
,
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0
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4
,
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o
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:
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1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
m.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
3
9
1
0
.
[
7
]
N
.
N
i
t
i
k
a
,
T
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
ma
,
S
.
R
a
j
v
a
n
sh
i
,
a
n
d
K
.
K
i
s
h
o
r
e
,
“
A
st
u
d
y
o
f
a
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
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n
w
e
b
b
r
o
w
sers
(
W
e
b
A
R
)
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
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1
2
n
d
I
n
t
e
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t
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o
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o
m
p
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t
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l
Me
t
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s
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n
S
c
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T
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h
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,
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.
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1
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p
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8
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o
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C
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4
9
4
3
.
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.
0
0
0
6
5
.
[
8
]
A
.
M
.
B
o
u
t
s
i
,
C
.
I
o
a
n
n
i
d
i
s,
a
n
d
S
.
V
e
r
y
k
o
k
o
u
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
-
r
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
3
D
r
e
n
d
e
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g
f
o
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h
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g
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
W
e
b
A
R
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
.
6
8
8
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
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3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
2
3
1
5
6
8
8
5
.
[
9
]
S
.
G
a
r
g
,
R
.
P
a
r
mar,
A
r
i
s
h
,
J.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
me
d
,
“
A
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
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t
y
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
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n
:
a
n
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s
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h
t
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n
t
o
c
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t
t
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d
s
a
n
d
l
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m
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t
a
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n
s,
”
i
n
2
0
2
3
3
rd
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
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n
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f
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n
c
e
o
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t
e
l
l
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g
e
n
t
T
e
c
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n
o
l
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e
s,
C
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N
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0
2
3
,
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n
.
2
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3
,
p
p
.
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–
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,
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1
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2
2
2
.
2
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2
3
.
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0
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0
5
9
1
6
.
[
1
0
]
J.
B
.
B
a
r
h
o
r
st
,
G
.
M
c
L
e
a
n
,
E.
S
h
a
h
,
a
n
d
R
.
M
a
c
k
,
“
B
l
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w
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d
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d
:
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x
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f
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”
J
o
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R
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a
rch
,
v
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.
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,
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.
[
1
1
]
P
.
Q
.
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r
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d
J
.
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a
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,
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o
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m
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in
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larly
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d
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m
y
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a
n
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a
c
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ll
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s
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d
s
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with
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fro
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tra
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rre
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.
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t
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v
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lt
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m
b
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r
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t
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p
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in
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ra
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d
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lv
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to
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tail
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m
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d
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sig
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iffere
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ty
p
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s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ry
a
n
@u
m
s.e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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