I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
59
8
~
60
8
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
14
.
i
2
.
pp
59
8
-
60
8
598
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ttp
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R
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2
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May
1
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Acc
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ted
May
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Cro
wd
fu
n
d
i
n
g
p
latfo
rm
s
o
ften
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e
c
h
a
ll
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n
g
e
s
su
c
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a
s
h
ig
h
tran
sa
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ti
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e
s,
li
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it
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g
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a
l
a
c
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il
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n
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re
li
a
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o
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tra
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i
o
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l
b
a
n
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ste
m
s,
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ich
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strict
p
a
rti
c
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a
ti
o
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a
n
d
e
fficie
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c
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a
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n
d
e
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th
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ro
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p
a
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c
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larly
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o
b
a
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c
o
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rib
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ts.
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is
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se
is
su
e
s
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y
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ro
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g
t
h
e
d
e
v
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p
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t
o
f
a
m
o
b
il
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ro
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u
n
d
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g
p
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o
rm
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teg
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ted
with
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ry
p
t
o
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u
rre
n
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y
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
su
p
p
o
rt.
B
y
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
ra
ti
n
g
c
r
y
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
,
th
e
p
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rm
a
ims
to
re
d
u
c
e
tran
sa
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ti
o
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c
o
sts,
re
m
o
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p
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ti
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h
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g
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b
lo
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k
c
h
a
i
n
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h
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l
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y
.
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h
e
p
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b
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i
lt
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g
a
c
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le
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to
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ro
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c
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n
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ra
ti
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g
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ry
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d
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tralize
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fin
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n
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ial
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sa
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ti
o
n
s.
T
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is
a
ll
o
ws
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r
re
a
l
-
ti
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e
,
se
c
u
re
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a
n
d
lo
w
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o
st
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y
m
e
n
ts,
o
ffe
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g
a
t
ra
n
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a
re
n
t
a
n
d
e
fficie
n
t
p
ro
c
e
ss
fo
r
b
o
th
c
o
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tri
b
u
t
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rs
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n
d
f
u
n
d
ra
ise
rs.
Ad
d
it
i
o
n
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
p
latfo
rm
'
s
d
e
sig
n
su
p
p
o
rts
sc
a
lab
il
it
y
to
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
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te
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rio
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s
c
ry
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c
ies
a
n
d
a
n
e
x
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a
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d
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g
u
se
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b
a
se
.
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e
fi
n
d
in
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
th
a
t
c
ry
p
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p
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e
n
t
in
te
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ti
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sig
n
ifi
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a
n
tl
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ti
o
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,
re
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a
n
d
e
n
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a
n
c
e
s
se
c
u
rit
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o
m
p
a
re
d
to
trad
it
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n
a
l
p
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y
m
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
s.
It
a
lso
fo
ste
rs
g
lo
b
a
l
p
a
rti
c
i
p
a
ti
o
n
,
in
c
re
a
sin
g
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
c
ro
wd
fu
n
d
i
n
g
in
it
iativ
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
r
o
wd
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
C
r
y
p
to
cu
r
r
e
n
cy
in
te
g
r
atio
n
Dec
en
tr
alize
d
f
in
an
ce
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
o
s
alin
a
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics Stu
d
y
Pro
g
r
a
m
,
F
ac
u
lty
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scien
ce
,
P
r
esid
en
t U
n
iv
er
s
ity
J
l.
Ki
Haja
r
Dew
an
tar
a,
C
ik
ar
an
g
B
ar
u
,
B
ek
asi,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
r
o
s
alin
a@
p
r
esid
en
t
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
r
o
wd
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
ess
en
tial
to
o
ls
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
p
r
o
jects,
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
cr
ea
tiv
e
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
to
s
o
cial
ca
u
s
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
ig
g
est
h
u
r
d
les
th
ey
f
ac
e
is
b
u
ild
in
g
tr
u
s
t
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
in
f
in
a
n
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
[
1
]
–
[
6
]
.
Ma
n
y
p
o
ten
tial
d
o
n
o
r
s
h
esit
ate
to
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
'
r
e
u
n
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
th
eir
m
o
n
ey
will
b
e
s
p
en
t.
I
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
f
r
au
d
,
m
is
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
f
u
n
d
s
,
an
d
u
n
clea
r
all
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
d
o
n
atio
n
s
ca
n
c
r
ea
te
an
x
iety
am
o
n
g
b
ac
k
e
r
s
.
T
r
u
s
t
is
cr
u
cial
in
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
as
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
m
all
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
s
.
W
h
en
tr
u
s
t
is
lo
s
t,
it
ca
n
s
ev
er
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
h
in
d
e
r
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
f
r
o
m
m
ee
tin
g
th
eir
f
u
n
d
in
g
tar
g
et
s
.
I
f
d
o
n
o
r
s
ar
en
'
t
co
n
f
id
en
t
th
at
th
eir
m
o
n
e
y
wi
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ly
,
t
h
ey
'
r
e
less
lik
ely
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te,
wh
ic
h
p
u
ts
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
ese
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
at
r
is
k
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
a
y
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lik
e
b
an
k
tr
an
s
f
er
s
o
r
cr
ed
it
ca
r
d
s
,
h
av
e
h
a
d
d
if
f
icu
lty
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
c
h
allen
g
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
te
n
lack
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
a
b
o
u
t
wh
er
e
th
e
m
o
n
e
y
g
o
es
o
n
ce
it'
s
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
f
u
n
d
s
m
o
v
e
b
etwe
en
co
u
n
tr
ies
o
r
ac
r
o
s
s
d
is
tan
t
p
ar
ties
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
elay
s
,
an
d
wh
ile
f
r
au
d
d
e
tectio
n
to
o
ls
ar
e
av
ailab
le,
t
h
ey
d
o
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’
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p
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
r
o
w
d
fu
n
d
in
g
p
la
tfo
r
m
in
teg
r
a
ted
w
ith
cryp
to
cu
r
r
en
cy
p
a
y
men
t su
p
p
o
r
t
(
R
o
s
a
lin
a
)
599
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
T
h
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
n
ly
ad
d
to
t
h
e
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
an
d
h
esit
atio
n
th
at
p
o
ten
tial
b
ac
k
er
s
f
ee
l
wh
en
d
ec
id
in
g
wh
eth
er
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
ca
m
p
aig
n
[
7
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
On
to
p
o
f
t
h
at,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
y
s
tem
s
co
m
e
with
h
ig
h
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
f
ee
s
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
esp
ec
ially
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
s
m
aller
d
o
n
ati
o
n
s
.
I
n
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
wh
er
e
m
an
y
p
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p
le
co
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tr
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b
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te
m
o
d
est
am
o
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n
ts
,
t
h
ese
h
ef
ty
f
ee
s
ca
n
d
is
c
o
u
r
ag
e
s
m
aller
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
u
ltima
tely
lim
itin
g
a
ca
m
p
aig
n
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ea
ch
its
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
o
als.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
b
ec
o
m
es e
v
en
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
in
g
lo
b
al
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
,
wh
er
e
m
icr
o
-
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ject
cr
e
ato
r
s
o
f
ten
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
m
ee
t th
e
ir
tar
g
ets o
r
attr
ac
t
a
d
iv
er
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
b
a
ck
er
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
elian
ce
o
n
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
s
c
r
ea
tes
f
u
r
th
er
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
ar
ti
cip
atio
n
in
r
eg
io
n
s
wh
er
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
b
an
k
in
g
s
er
v
ices
is
lim
ited
o
r
n
o
n
-
ex
is
ten
t.
Ma
n
y
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ar
e
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
in
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
t
r
ies
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
e
d
ar
ea
s
,
wh
er
e
ev
en
b
asic
f
in
an
cial
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
m
ay
b
e
lack
i
n
g
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
As
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
is
in
h
er
en
tly
g
lo
b
al,
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
h
in
d
er
th
e
in
clu
s
iv
ity
th
at
p
latf
o
r
m
s
aim
to
p
r
o
m
o
te.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
a
s
y
s
tem
th
at,
d
esp
ite
it
s
p
o
ten
tial
to
d
em
o
cr
atize
f
u
n
d
r
aisi
n
g
,
o
f
te
n
ex
clu
d
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
W
h
ile
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
itig
ate
t
h
ese
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
th
ir
d
-
p
a
r
ty
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
,
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
to
o
ls
,
an
d
f
u
n
d
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
th
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
te
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
d
d
itio
n
al
c
o
m
p
l
ex
ity
,
co
s
t,
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
b
u
r
d
en
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
ey
s
till
f
ail
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
is
s
u
es
o
f
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
is
wh
er
e
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
ci
es
p
r
esen
t
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
.
B
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
d
ec
en
tr
aliz
ed
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
alter
n
ativ
e
to
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
f
in
an
cial
s
y
s
tem
s
,
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
e
n
cies
,
an
d
t
h
eir
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
lo
n
g
s
tan
d
i
n
g
ch
allen
g
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
eir
p
r
o
m
i
s
e,
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
y
p
to
c
u
r
r
en
cies
in
t
o
c
r
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
r
em
ain
s
r
elativ
ely
u
n
d
er
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
.
E
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
lar
g
ely
o
n
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
’
s
s
o
cial
an
d
be
h
av
io
r
al
asp
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
u
s
er
m
o
tiv
atio
n
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
b
u
t
litt
le
atten
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
g
iv
e
n
to
h
o
w
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies
co
u
ld
r
esh
a
p
e
th
e
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cy
co
u
ld
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
r
ea
ter
f
in
an
cial
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
b
u
t
also
en
ab
le
lo
w
-
co
s
t,
g
lo
b
al
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
u
ld
m
ak
e
cr
o
w
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
f
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
,
u
ltima
tely
b
en
ef
itin
g
b
o
th
p
r
o
ject
cr
ea
to
r
s
an
d
b
ac
k
er
s
[
1
8
]
–
[
22]
.
C
r
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
ies,
b
y
d
esig
n
,
o
f
f
er
a
lev
el
o
f
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
th
at
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
i
n
an
c
ial
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
n
o
t
ea
s
ily
m
atch
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
,
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
e
h
in
d
m
o
s
t
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies,
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
p
u
b
lic,
im
m
u
tab
le
led
g
er
o
f
all
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
ev
er
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
v
er
if
ied
b
y
an
y
o
n
e,
at
an
y
tim
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
b
ac
k
er
s
ca
n
tr
u
s
t
th
at
th
eir
m
o
n
ey
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
f
o
r
its
in
ten
d
e
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Su
ch
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
is
a
cr
u
ci
al
f
ac
to
r
in
allev
iatin
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
f
r
au
d
a
n
d
m
is
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
f
u
n
d
s
,
wh
i
ch
ar
e
o
f
ten
m
ajo
r
d
eter
r
e
n
ts
f
o
r
p
o
ten
tial
b
ac
k
e
r
s
in
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
els
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
m
o
b
ile
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
cr
y
p
to
c
u
r
r
e
n
cy
p
ay
m
en
ts
,
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
in
h
er
en
t
in
c
u
r
r
en
t
cr
o
w
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ee
k
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
cr
itical
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
tr
u
s
t,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
h
ig
h
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
co
s
ts
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
o
f
t
en
h
in
d
er
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
in
cl
u
s
iv
ity
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
els.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
’
s
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
atu
r
e
will p
r
o
v
id
e
a
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
t a
n
d
im
m
u
tab
le
led
g
er
f
o
r
all
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
h
av
e
f
u
ll
v
is
ib
ilit
y
in
to
h
o
w
th
eir
f
u
n
d
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
m
an
ag
ed
a
n
d
allo
ca
te
d
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
s
ter
s
tr
u
s
t
b
u
t
also
en
co
u
r
ag
es
g
r
ea
ter
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
f
r
o
m
b
ac
k
er
s
wh
o
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
b
ee
n
h
esit
an
t
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
u
e
t
o
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
f
r
au
d
o
r
m
is
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
at
io
n
o
f
c
r
y
p
to
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
ies
will
e
n
ab
le
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
to
o
f
f
e
r
s
e
cu
r
e,
p
ee
r
-
to
-
p
ee
r
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
i
n
an
cial
in
t
er
m
ed
iar
ies.
T
h
is
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
will
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
f
r
a
u
d
an
d
f
i
n
an
cial
er
r
o
r
s
,
as
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
ev
e
r
y
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
is
s
ec
u
r
el
y
v
e
r
if
ied
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
.
B
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
th
ir
d
-
p
ar
t
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
f
ee
s
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
co
s
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
f
in
an
cially
v
iab
le
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
m
all
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
o
j
ec
t
cr
ea
to
r
s
.
L
o
wer
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
f
ee
s
m
ea
n
th
at
a
lar
g
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
d
o
n
atio
n
g
o
es
d
ir
ec
tly
t
o
th
e
ca
m
p
aig
n
,
wh
ich
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
s
m
aller
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
th
at
r
ely
o
n
m
icr
o
-
d
o
n
atio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
will
en
ab
le
a
m
o
r
e
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
u
ltip
le
cr
y
p
to
c
u
r
r
en
cies,
allo
win
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
s
f
r
o
m
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
to
p
ar
ticip
ate,
r
eg
a
r
d
le
s
s
o
f
th
eir
lo
ca
l
f
in
an
cial
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
I
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
wh
er
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
b
an
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
less
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
an
alter
n
ativ
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
p
eo
p
le
in
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
e
d
ar
ea
s
ca
n
s
till
en
g
ag
e
in
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
is
g
lo
b
al
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
ex
p
an
d
s
th
e
p
o
o
l
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
b
ac
k
er
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
in
g
tar
g
ets
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
d
iv
e
r
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
jects.
B
y
u
s
in
g
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
will
also
f
ac
ilit
ate
f
aster
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
f
u
n
d
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
alm
o
s
t in
s
tan
tly
,
with
o
u
t th
e
d
elay
s
th
at
o
f
ten
ac
co
m
p
an
y
tr
ad
itio
n
al
b
an
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
b
ile
p
latf
o
r
m
will
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
th
e
d
o
n
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
u
t
also
o
f
f
er
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
u
p
d
ates
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
ca
m
p
aig
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
allo
win
g
b
ac
k
er
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
jects
th
ey
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
tr
u
s
t
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
f
u
n
d
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
aim
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t,
s
ec
u
r
e,
a
n
d
g
lo
b
ally
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
59
8
-
60
8
600
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
i
ch
will
u
ltima
tely
e
m
p
o
wer
b
o
th
p
r
o
ject
c
r
ea
to
r
s
an
d
b
ac
k
er
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
r
eliab
le,
lo
w
-
co
s
t,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
way
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
id
ea
s
a
n
d
ca
u
s
es.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
we
s
ee
k
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies
ca
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
b
u
t
also
p
av
e
th
e
way
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
f
u
n
d
r
aisi
n
g
to
o
ls
th
at
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
s
ec
u
r
e,
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
f
o
r
a
g
lo
b
al
au
d
ien
ce
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n a
nd
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
In
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
c
r
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
a
m
a
n
n
er
th
at
allo
ws
p
r
o
p
er
s
ca
lin
g
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
’
s
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
o
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
An
d
r
o
i
d
an
d
i
OS
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
,
a
s
in
g
le
b
ase
co
d
e
will
b
e
u
s
ed
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
d
ev
ice
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
Flu
tter
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
y
en
h
an
ce
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ile
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
ev
ice
s
.
T
h
e
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
is
s
et
u
p
in
a
clien
t
-
s
er
v
er
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
wh
er
e
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
(
clien
t)
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
with
a
b
ac
k
-
en
d
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
en
d
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
o
p
e
r
atin
g
c
r
itical
a
ctiv
ities
s
u
ch
as
u
s
er
d
ata
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
(
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
d
o
n
atio
n
h
is
to
r
y
)
a
n
d
p
r
o
ject
d
ata
(
ca
m
p
aig
n
g
o
als
an
d
u
p
d
ates)
as
well
as
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
is
di
v
is
io
n
allo
ws
th
e
clien
t
t
o
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
wh
ile
th
e
s
er
v
er
d
ea
ls
with
m
o
r
e
elab
o
r
ate
task
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
ac
k
-
en
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
e
n
ab
les
th
e
s
af
e
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
with
p
r
o
m
p
t
au
th
en
ticatio
n
an
d
v
alid
ati
o
n
f
o
r
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
-
b
ased
m
o
d
if
ic
atio
n
s
.
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
clien
t
an
d
s
er
v
er
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
g
u
ar
an
tees
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
u
s
er
s
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
wo
r
k
ab
l
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
2
.
2
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
Du
r
in
g
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
h
ase,
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
s
to
g
eth
e
r
with
th
e
b
ac
k
en
d
s
er
v
e
r
co
m
e
to
li
f
e.
W
ith
in
th
e
Flu
tter
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
i
n
Dar
t
an
d
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
s
im
p
le
b
u
t
v
is
u
ally
ap
p
ea
lin
g
d
esig
n
s
,
as
well
as
ea
s
y
-
to
-
f
o
llo
w
f
lo
ws.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
en
d
s
er
v
e
r
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
f
o
r
e
x
am
p
le,
No
d
e.
js
o
r
Djan
g
o
,
wh
ile
th
e
d
ata
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
jects
is
k
ep
t
in
a
s
af
e
m
an
n
er
with
in
a
d
atab
a
s
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e
,
Mo
n
g
o
DB
.
Fo
r
en
ab
lin
g
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
in
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
av
ailab
le
p
ay
m
en
t
g
atew
ay
s
s
u
ch
as
C
o
in
b
ase
C
o
m
m
er
ce
o
r
B
itP
ay
.
T
h
ese
p
ay
m
en
t
g
atew
ay
s
allo
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies
to
f
u
n
d
p
r
o
jects.
Oth
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
m
ay
also
tak
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
s
m
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
to
co
n
tr
o
l
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
f
u
n
d
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
af
ety
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
i
n
th
e
F
lu
tter
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
in
th
e
D
ar
t
lan
g
u
ag
e.
User
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
(
U
X)
is
cr
af
ted
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
also
s
er
v
es
f
o
r
b
r
o
wsi
n
g
,
p
r
o
ject
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
f
u
n
d
s
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
,
an
d
e
v
en
co
n
tact.
I
n
(
1
)
I
s
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
f
u
n
d
in
g
attain
ed
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
p
er
ce
n
t
ag
e
o
f
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
e
n
v
is
ag
ed
f
o
r
a
ce
r
tain
p
r
o
ject.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
r
o
w
d
fu
n
d
in
g
p
la
tfo
r
m
in
teg
r
a
ted
w
ith
cryp
to
cu
r
r
en
cy
p
a
y
men
t su
p
p
o
r
t
(
R
o
s
a
lin
a
)
601
=
(
)
×
100%
(
1
)
T
h
e
b
ac
k
-
en
d
s
er
v
er
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
No
d
e.
js
,
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
J
av
aScr
ip
t
r
u
n
ti
m
e
th
at
ef
f
icien
tly
h
a
n
d
les
m
u
ltip
le
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
Fo
r
th
e
d
atab
ase,
Mo
n
g
o
DB
is
c
h
o
s
en
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
d
u
e
to
its
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
s
ca
lab
i
lity
,
an
d
ab
i
lity
to
h
an
d
le
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
u
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
d
ata.
Mo
n
g
o
D
B
will
s
ec
u
r
ely
s
to
r
e
d
ata
s
u
ch
as
u
s
er
d
etails,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
d
o
n
atio
n
h
is
to
r
y
,
p
r
o
ject
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
m
p
aig
n
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
g
o
als,
an
d
u
p
d
ates,
an
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
h
is
to
r
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
d
ata
is
ea
s
ily
a
cc
ess
ib
le
an
d
well
-
o
r
g
an
ized
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
ea
c
h
p
r
o
ject,
(
2
)
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
u
la
d
y
n
am
ically
ca
lcu
lates
h
o
w
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
r
ea
ch
a
p
r
o
ject'
s
tar
g
et,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
B
y
co
n
tin
u
ally
u
p
d
atin
g
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e,
th
is
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
er
s
with
an
ac
cu
r
ate
v
iew
o
f
a
p
r
o
ject’
s
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
a
n
d
en
c
o
u
r
ag
in
g
f
u
r
th
e
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
=
−
(
2
)
I
n
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
,
cr
y
p
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2
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T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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r
e
g
u
lar
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
-
r
elate
d
s
er
v
ices is p
r
o
p
er
ly
ac
c
o
u
n
te
d
f
o
r
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
en
s
u
r
es
it
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
an
ag
e
an
d
r
ep
o
r
t
its
r
ev
en
u
e
s
tr
ea
m
s
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
r
o
je
ct
cr
ea
to
r
s
a
n
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
.
=
∑
(
[
]
×
)
+
∑
(
[
]
)
(
7
)
T
o
m
ain
tain
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
r
ea
l
-
t
im
e
ex
ch
an
g
e
r
ates
ar
e
f
etc
h
ed
u
s
in
g
ex
ter
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
es
(
API
s
)
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
ac
c
u
r
ately
r
ef
lecte
d
i
n
f
iat
v
alu
es.
A
s
in
(
8
)
is
u
s
ed
to
a
d
ju
s
t
th
e
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
am
o
u
n
t
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e,
ac
c
o
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
c
h
an
g
es
in
th
e
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
’
s
v
alu
e
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
ject’
s
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
tatu
s
r
ef
lects th
e
latest m
ar
k
et
p
r
ices.
=
×
(
)
×
ℎ
(
8
)
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
can
al
s
o
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
to
a
n
aly
ze
u
s
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
p
r
e
d
ict
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
,
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
jects
to
p
o
ten
tial
b
a
ck
er
s
.
A
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
is
tr
ain
ed
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
ject
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
p
r
e
f
er
e
n
ce
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
ML
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
e
d
icts
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
a
p
r
o
ject’
s
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
s
u
g
g
ests
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
to
u
s
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
Fo
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
t
h
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
,
a
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
i
o
n
m
o
d
el
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
P i
s
co
m
p
u
ted
as in
(
9
)
.
(
)
=
1
1
+
−
(
0
+
1
1
+
⋯
+
)
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
0
is
th
e
i
n
ter
ce
p
t,
1
1
+
⋯
+
ar
e
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
p
r
o
ject
-
r
e
lated
f
ea
tu
r
es
1
…
.
,
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
r
o
ject
m
ee
tin
g
its
g
o
al
.
2
.
3
.
T
esting
a
n
d e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
f
in
al
p
h
ase
in
v
o
lv
es
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Key
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
(
KPI
s
)
s
u
ch
as
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
p
ee
d
,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
u
s
er
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
m
etr
ics
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
Su
r
v
ey
s
an
d
in
ter
v
i
ews
ar
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
with
u
s
er
s
to
ass
ess
th
eir
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
g
ath
e
r
q
u
alitativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
'
s
f
ea
tu
r
es,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
es
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
is
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
etwe
en
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
c
y
-
in
teg
r
ate
d
p
latf
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r
m
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
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ef
f
icien
c
y
,
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
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,
an
d
o
v
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l
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f
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tiv
en
ess
in
f
ac
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atin
g
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
i
n
itiativ
es.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
T
ra
ns
a
ct
io
n sp
ee
d a
nd
co
s
t
ef
f
iciency
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
to
r
ed
u
ce
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
co
s
ts
an
d
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
p
ay
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ated
cr
y
p
t
o
cu
r
r
en
cy
p
ay
m
en
t
g
atew
ay
s
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lted
in
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
f
ee
s
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
it
i
o
n
al
b
a
n
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies
led
t
o
a
7
0
-
8
0
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
f
ee
s
,
wh
ich
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
lo
wer
ed
th
e
o
v
er
all
c
o
s
t
o
f
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
r
o
ject
cr
ea
to
r
s
a
n
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
o
r
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
co
s
ts
,
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
ci
es
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
n
o
t
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
s
p
ee
d
.
W
ith
tr
ad
itio
n
al
b
an
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ten
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
s
ev
er
al
d
ay
s
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ay
m
en
ts
,
cr
y
p
t
o
cu
r
r
en
cy
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
wer
e
co
m
p
lete
d
in
less
th
an
a
m
in
u
te,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
d
ec
e
n
tr
alize
d
f
in
a
n
cial
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
r
o
w
d
fu
n
d
in
g
p
la
tfo
r
m
in
teg
r
a
ted
w
ith
cryp
to
cu
r
r
en
cy
p
a
y
men
t su
p
p
o
r
t
(
R
o
s
a
lin
a
)
603
f
aster
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tim
e
is
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
cr
o
w
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
,
wh
er
e
d
elay
s
ca
n
d
is
r
u
p
t
m
o
m
en
tu
m
a
n
d
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ed
u
ce
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
r
ea
ch
in
g
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
g
o
als.
B
y
en
ab
lin
g
n
ea
r
ly
in
s
tan
t
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
s
,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
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d
ly
e
x
p
er
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ce
f
o
r
all
p
ar
ties
in
v
o
lv
ed
,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
f
ee
s
f
o
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d
if
f
e
r
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t p
a
y
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
P
a
y
m
e
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
f
e
e
(
%)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
m
i
n
)
C
r
e
d
i
t
c
a
r
d
2
.
9
5
-
10
P
a
y
P
a
l
3
.
4
10
-
15
C
r
y
p
t
o
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
y
0
.
5
<1
3
.
2
.
Vo
l
a
t
ility
m
a
na
g
e
m
ent
T
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciat
ed
with
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cy
v
o
latilit
y
b
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
(
6
)
,
wh
ic
h
ad
j
u
s
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
b
ased
o
n
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
e
x
ch
an
g
e
r
ates.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
p
r
o
ject
cr
ea
to
r
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
f
iat
-
eq
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ale
n
t
am
o
u
n
t
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
m
ar
k
et
ch
an
g
es.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
o
latili
ty
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
m
a
d
e
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
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cr
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p
to
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d
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ase,
illu
s
tr
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p
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m
p
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s
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T
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2
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C
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B
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A
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t
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b
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t
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(
B
TC
)
F
i
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t
(USD)
B
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t
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0
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0
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Et
h
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r
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u
m (E
TH
)
0
.
2
0
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1
9
5
4
0
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.
3
.
User
eng
a
g
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ent
a
nd
pro
j
ec
t
s
ucce
s
s
ra
t
e
T
h
e
ML
m
o
d
els
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
th
e
p
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r
m
p
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e
d
a
cr
u
ci
al
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u
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icate
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ate
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Fig
u
r
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6
(
b
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ay
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Fig
u
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2
-
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em
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ated
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,
en
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r
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ated
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e
r
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l
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tim
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r
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5
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r
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6
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I
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2
2
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1
4
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
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14
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6
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p
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n
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aisi
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
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fu
n
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DATA AV
AI
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Data
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
V
.
F
e
r
r
e
i
r
a
,
E
.
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a
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2
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[
3
]
D
.
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A
.
R
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.
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smar
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4
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J.
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,
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.
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n
d
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.
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ms:
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f
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.
[
5
]
A
.
S
.
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,
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[
6
]
E.
J.
C
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,
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.
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,
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.
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[
7
]
M
.
Ja
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,
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.
H
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.
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8
]
C
.
O
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-
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[
9
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.
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1
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To
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