I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
552
~
5
6
1
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v14.
i
2
.
pp
552
-
5
6
1
552
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r
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Na
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ro
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ti
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tes
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ra
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y
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n
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n
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h
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stu
d
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a
ims
to
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e
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n
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ti
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i
tal
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se
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e
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tes
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g
.
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se
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rc
h
in
v
o
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e
s
th
e
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
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o
f
t
h
e
a
p
p
a
ra
tu
s,
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
su
c
h
a
s
S
T3
7
ste
e
l,
ste
p
p
e
r
m
o
to
rs,
a
n
d
Ard
u
i
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
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e
a
p
p
a
ra
tu
s wa
s tes
ted
u
sin
g
tw
o
ty
p
e
s
o
f
n
a
tu
ra
l
fib
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rs
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Co
c
o
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n
u
c
if
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ra
L.
(
c
o
c
o
n
u
t
fi
b
e
r
)
a
n
d
S
a
n
se
v
ieria
,
to
a
ss
e
ss
th
e
ir
ten
sile
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
we
d
th
a
t
a
lt
h
o
u
g
h
S
a
n
se
v
ieria
fib
e
rs
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a
v
e
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sm
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ll
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d
iam
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ter,
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e
y
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h
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it
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d
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ten
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stre
ss
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m
p
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to
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o
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t
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e
rs.
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d
e
v
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p
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d
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g
it
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tes
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g
a
p
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m
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a
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le
m
a
teria
ls
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r
in
d
u
strial
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
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e
fin
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
st
u
d
y
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
t
t
h
e
p
o
te
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ti
a
l
o
f
a
d
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n
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e
d
tes
ti
n
g
e
q
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ip
m
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n
t
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su
p
p
o
rti
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g
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h
e
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se
o
f
n
a
tu
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fib
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rs
in
m
a
n
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fa
c
tu
ri
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
tal
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
co
n
u
t f
ib
er
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
T
en
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
T
en
s
ile
test
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
u
s
d
i N
u
r
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Me
ch
an
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
P
o
litek
n
ik
Neg
e
r
i
Uju
n
g
Pan
d
an
g
J
l.
Per
in
tis
Kem
er
d
ek
aa
n
KM
.
1
0
T
am
alan
r
ea
,
Ma
k
ass
ar
9
0
2
4
5
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
r
u
s
d
in
u
r
@
p
o
liu
p
g
.
ac
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Nat
u
r
al
f
i
b
er
s
h
a
v
e
g
ai
n
e
d
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
a
tte
n
t
io
n
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
d
u
e
t
o
th
ei
r
ec
o
-
f
r
i
en
d
l
y
a
n
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ti
es.
Ma
t
e
r
ia
ls
s
u
c
h
as
c
o
c
o
n
u
t
h
u
s
k
,
b
a
m
b
o
o
,
a
n
d
h
e
m
p
a
r
e
wi
d
el
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
s
it
e
m
at
er
ials
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
a
s
u
s
t
ai
n
a
b
l
e
a
lte
r
n
at
iv
e
t
o
s
y
n
th
eti
c
f
i
b
e
r
s
l
ik
e
g
lass
a
n
d
ca
r
b
o
n
[
1
]
–
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
f
i
b
e
r
s
is
ali
g
n
e
d
wit
h
g
lo
b
al
i
n
it
iat
iv
es
a
im
ed
at
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ta
l
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
wast
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
as
t
h
ese
f
i
b
e
r
s
ar
e
b
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
le
a
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
r
e
n
e
wa
b
l
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
in
co
m
p
o
s
it
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
f
ac
es
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ev
alu
atin
g
th
eir
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
[
2
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
T
en
s
ile
test
in
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
ib
e
r
-
b
ased
m
ater
ials
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
wid
e
ly
u
s
ed
,
o
f
ten
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
lim
itatio
n
s
in
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
it
co
m
es
to
test
in
g
s
m
al
l
-
d
iam
eter
f
ib
er
s
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
u
e
to
th
e
lack
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
lead
in
g
t
o
in
ac
cu
r
ac
ies an
d
in
ef
f
icien
cies in
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
6
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
,
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Su
c
h
a
s
y
s
tem
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
en
h
an
ce
test
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
en
a
b
le
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
a
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
f
o
r
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
d
ig
ita
l
-
b
a
s
ed
fib
er ten
s
ile
test
in
g
a
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
I
s
w
a
r
)
553
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
test
in
g
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
ar
at
u
s
u
s
in
g
two
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
,
C
o
co
s
n
u
cifera
L.
(
co
c
o
n
u
t
f
ib
er
)
a
n
d
San
s
ev
ier
ia
as
test
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
f
ield
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
f
ib
er
test
in
g
b
y
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
ev
al
u
atin
g
f
ib
er
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
ich
will su
p
p
o
r
t th
e
wid
er
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
n
a
tu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Cha
ra
c
t
er
is
t
ics o
f
na
t
ur
a
l f
ibers
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
,
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
p
lan
ts
an
d
an
im
als,
ar
e
n
atu
r
ally
o
cc
u
r
r
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
eir
n
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
2
1
]
.
Plan
t
-
d
er
iv
ed
m
ater
ials
in
clu
d
e
an
ass
o
r
tm
en
t o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as b
an
an
a
s
tem
s
,
b
am
b
o
o
,
r
o
s
elle,
p
in
ea
p
p
l
e,
c
o
co
n
u
t,
an
d
p
alm
f
r
o
n
d
s
(
p
al
m
f
ib
er
)
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
e
r
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ib
er
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
d
if
f
er
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t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
p
la
n
t
,
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o
d
,
leav
es,
s
ee
d
s
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r
u
it,
s
tem
s
,
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d
v
ar
io
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s
ty
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es
o
f
g
r
a
s
s
.
An
im
al
-
d
er
iv
ed
f
ib
er
s
lik
e
wo
o
l a
n
d
s
ilk
also
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
is
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
.
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
h
av
e
g
a
r
n
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
att
en
tio
n
f
r
o
m
m
ater
ials
s
cien
tis
ts
d
u
e
t
o
th
eir
f
av
o
r
ab
le
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lo
w
d
en
s
ity
an
d
h
ig
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
.
T
h
ese
f
i
b
er
s
o
f
f
er
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
tag
es,
s
u
ch
as
co
s
t
-
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
il
ity
,
r
ec
y
cl
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
o
f
ten
b
ein
g
n
o
n
-
t
o
x
ic.
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
h
as
ab
u
n
d
a
n
t
n
at
u
r
al
f
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er
r
eso
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r
ce
s
,
with
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i
f
f
er
en
t
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
d
escr
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ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
tab
le
co
m
p
ar
es t
h
e
p
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ties
o
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v
ar
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n
at
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l a
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y
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th
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T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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o
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s
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m
e
p
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o
p
er
ties
o
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r
al
a
n
d
s
y
n
th
etic
f
ib
er
s
[
2
2
]
F
i
b
e
r
D
e
n
si
t
y
(
g
/
c
m
)
3
El
o
n
g
a
t
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n
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t
b
r
e
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k
(
%)
El
a
s
t
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Y
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915
2
.
2
.
T
ens
ile
s
t
re
ng
t
h a
nd
s
t
r
a
in o
f
a
s
ing
le
f
iber
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
m
ater
ial
s
tr
en
g
th
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
s
tiff
n
ess
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
f
i
b
er
s
p
ec
im
en
,
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
a
cy
li
n
d
r
ical
s
h
ap
e
with
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
A
0
,
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
a
ten
s
ile
f
o
r
ce
,
is
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
asp
ec
t
o
f
e
v
alu
ati
n
g
f
ib
e
r
m
ater
ials
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
e
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
lo
ad
th
at
a
f
ib
e
r
ca
n
with
s
tan
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
,
wh
ich
r
ef
lects
t
h
e
in
h
e
r
e
n
t
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
f
ib
er
m
ater
ial.
As
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lo
ad
th
at
a
f
ib
er
ca
n
with
s
tan
d
in
cr
ea
s
es,
its
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
also
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
s
k
etch
es a
n
d
d
etailed
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
ll
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
l
e
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
te
n
s
ile
lo
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
5
5
2
-
561
554
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
y
s
tem
atic,
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
co
v
er
s
s
ev
er
al
p
h
ases
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
a
n
d
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
es
e
p
h
ases
in
clu
d
e
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
a
n
d
ass
em
b
ly
,
s
in
g
le
-
f
ib
er
test
in
g
,
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
Au
to
d
esk
Fu
s
io
n
3
6
0
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tlin
ed
r
esear
c
h
s
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
ca
r
ef
u
l
d
esig
n
o
f
t
o
o
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
ed
icate
d
to
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
,
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
ib
er
s
,
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
,
an
d
ass
em
b
l
y
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
i
n
t
h
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
is
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
a
d
i
g
itally
en
ab
led
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
t
h
at
en
s
u
r
es
ac
cu
r
a
cy
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
f
i
b
er
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
2.
R
esear
ch
th
e
s
tag
es
o
f
d
esig
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
3
.
1
.
P
l
a
nn
ing
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
s
u
b
-
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
in
g
le
-
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
.
Sev
er
al
im
p
o
r
tan
t c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
m
u
s
t b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
h
ase
:
i)
T
h
e
p
lan
n
in
g
s
tag
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
esig
n
'
s
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
I
n
itially
,
d
etailed
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
in
g
le
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
Au
to
d
esk
Fu
s
io
n
3
6
0
s
o
f
twar
e
.
T
h
ese
s
k
etch
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice'
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
en
ab
lin
g
f
u
r
th
er
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
.
Feasib
ilit
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ar
e
th
en
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
u
r
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
ey
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
f
ib
er
test
in
g
,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
d
ig
ita
l
-
b
a
s
ed
fib
er ten
s
ile
test
in
g
a
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
I
s
w
a
r
)
555
ii)
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
:
a
f
ter
th
e
s
k
etch
es,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ten
s
ile
test
er
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
s
tr
en
g
th
a
n
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
p
ar
t
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
teel
p
lates,
an
g
le
ir
o
n
,
a
n
d
b
o
lts
.
T
h
ese
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
ar
e
d
u
r
ab
le
e
n
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
f
i
b
er
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
is
a
cr
itical
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
o
f
ten
s
ile
f
o
r
ce
o
n
th
e
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
is
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
th
at
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
ip
p
e
r
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
is
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
a
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
th
at
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
f
o
r
ce
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
g
ea
r
s
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
o
x
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
th
e
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Dr
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
B
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
ese
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
d
esig
n
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
th
e
d
i
g
ital
s
in
g
le
-
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
er
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
m
ee
t th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
Acc
u
r
ate
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
an
d
s
tr
ict
d
esig
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
to
o
l'
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
f
i
b
er
s
ac
cu
r
atel
y
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
ce
p
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
to
o
l
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
itial
d
esig
n
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
lete
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
f
i
b
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
.
T
h
is
d
etailed
d
iag
r
am
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
lay
o
u
t a
n
d
th
e
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
ac
cu
r
ate
test
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Desig
n
o
f
f
ib
e
r
ten
s
ile
test
ap
p
ar
atu
s
3
.
2
.
Ass
em
bly
s
t
a
g
e
On
ce
th
e
d
esig
n
p
h
ase
is
co
m
p
lete,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
in
g
le
-
f
ib
e
r
ten
s
ile
test
er
b
eg
in
s
.
T
r
an
s
itio
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
esig
n
to
a
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ev
ice
r
e
q
u
ir
es
ca
r
ef
u
l
ad
h
er
en
ce
t
o
tech
n
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
to
o
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
.
Key
s
tep
s
in
th
e
ass
em
b
ly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
clu
d
e:
i)
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
f
r
a
m
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
ass
em
b
lin
g
p
ill
ar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
th
r
ea
d
in
g
,
ii)
a
ttach
in
g
th
e
p
i
llar
to
t
h
e
m
ai
n
f
r
am
e,
th
en
ass
em
b
lin
g
th
e
f
o
r
ce
m
ete
r
b
r
ac
k
et
an
d
g
r
ip
p
er
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
an
d
iii)
i
n
s
tallin
g
th
e
s
tep
p
e
r
m
o
to
r
,
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
ca
b
les
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
t
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
U
n
o
f
o
r
au
t
o
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ass
em
b
ly
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
cr
itical
to
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
.
An
y
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
o
r
in
co
r
r
ec
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ass
em
b
ly
ca
n
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
wer
e
m
a
d
e
to
e
n
h
an
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
5
5
2
-
561
556
i)
Ad
d
itio
n
o
f
ex
h
au
s
t
f
an
b
lo
wer
an
d
ai
r
v
e
n
tilatio
n
h
o
les
:
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
h
ea
t
b
u
ild
-
up
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
,
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
an
d
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
,
v
en
tilatio
n
h
o
les an
d
an
ex
h
a
u
s
t
f
an
b
l
o
wer
we
r
e
ad
d
e
d
.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t e
n
s
u
r
es th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
p
er
ate
at
a
s
tab
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
.
ii)
Ad
d
itio
n
o
f
s
tan
ch
io
n
s
f
o
r
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
:
r
e
in
f
o
r
ce
d
f
r
a
m
e
p
illar
s
with
s
tan
ch
io
n
s
wer
e
ad
d
e
d
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
m
in
im
ize
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
b
en
d
in
g
o
r
tilt
in
g
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
to
o
l
m
ain
tain
s
h
ig
h
p
r
ec
is
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
iii)
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
p
a
n
el:
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
an
el
was
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
to
f
o
u
r
b
u
t
to
n
s
,
allo
win
g
m
o
r
e
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
to
o
l
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ad
d
iti
o
n
o
f
a
s
to
p
b
u
tto
n
,
an
up
-
m
o
v
in
g
g
r
ip
p
e
r
b
u
tto
n
,
a
d
o
wn
-
m
o
v
i
n
g
g
r
ip
p
e
r
b
u
tto
n
,
an
d
a
s
lo
w
-
m
o
tio
n
b
u
tto
n
(
1
m
m
/m
in
)
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
iv
)
Ad
d
itio
n
o
f
po
wer
o
n
/o
f
f
s
witch
:
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
a
p
o
wer
o
n
/o
f
f
s
witch
en
s
u
r
es
s
af
er
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
o
p
er
atio
n
,
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
d
esig
n
,
wh
i
ch
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
a
m
an
u
al
co
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
to
a
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
v)
E
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
b
o
x
r
o
o
m
:
e
x
p
an
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
b
o
x
allo
ws ea
s
ier
m
ain
ten
an
ce
an
d
r
ep
ai
r
.
R
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
ts
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
x
wall
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
t v
ib
r
atio
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
P
re
pa
r
a
t
io
n
p
ro
ce
s
s
Fo
r
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
co
co
n
u
t
co
ir
f
i
b
er
s
p
ec
im
e
n
s
,
a
d
etailed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
f
o
llo
wed
:
i)
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
f
i
b
er
s
:
f
ib
er
s
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
c
o
co
n
u
t
h
u
s
k
s
,
clea
n
ed
,
an
d
c
u
t
to
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
len
g
th
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
0
m
m
a
n
d
i
i)
d
iam
eter
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t:
th
e
f
ib
er
d
iam
eter
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
d
ig
ital
m
icr
o
s
co
p
e,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
co
n
s
is
te
n
cy
;
an
d
iii)
s
p
ec
im
en
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
:
f
ib
er
s
wer
e
af
f
ix
ed
t
o
p
ap
er
u
s
in
g
f
o
x
g
lu
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ASTM
s
tan
d
ar
d
3
3
7
9
-
02
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
Fo
r
ac
cu
r
ate
f
i
b
er
test
in
g
,
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
i
m
en
is
ess
en
tial.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
f
ib
er
s
ar
e
alig
n
ed
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ed
f
o
r
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
.
An
ex
am
p
l
e
o
f
a
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
e
r
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
alig
n
m
e
n
t
n
e
ed
ed
f
o
r
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
e
co
m
p
leted
d
ig
ital
ten
s
ile
test
er
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
s
ev
e
r
al
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
f
ib
er
lo
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
te
n
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
x
am
p
le
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
m
ak
in
g
a
d
ig
ital
ten
s
ile
test
er
3
.
4
.
T
esting
p
ro
ce
s
s
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
ten
s
i
le
tes
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
with
ca
r
ef
u
l a
tten
tio
n
to
d
etail:
i)
I
n
itial
s
etu
p
:
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
g
au
g
e
was
ca
lib
r
ated
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
was
s
e
cu
r
el
y
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
d
ig
ita
l
-
b
a
s
ed
fib
er ten
s
ile
test
in
g
a
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
I
s
w
a
r
)
557
g
r
ip
p
er
;
ii)
T
est
ac
tiv
atio
n
:
th
e
test
was
in
itiated
b
y
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
"u
p
"
b
u
tto
n
,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
r
ip
p
er
to
m
o
v
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
ly
ten
s
ile
f
o
r
ce
o
n
th
e
f
ib
er
;
an
d
iii)
Mo
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
d
ata
co
llectio
n
:
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
test
in
g
p
h
ase,
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
'
s
b
eh
av
io
r
was
clo
s
ely
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
U
p
o
n
r
ea
c
h
i
n
g
th
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
p
o
in
t,
th
e
te
s
t
was
s
to
p
p
ed
b
y
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
"sto
p
"
b
u
tto
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
ata
was
d
is
p
l
ay
ed
o
n
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
s
etu
p
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
esti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
F
iber
m
a
t
er
ia
l
t
esting
da
t
a
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
in
g
o
f
th
e
t
en
s
ile
test
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
u
s
in
g
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
f
ib
er
s
,
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
(
SLM
)
an
d
co
co
n
u
t
co
ir
f
ib
er
(
SS
K)
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
eir
ten
s
ile
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
ten
s
ile
test
r
esu
lts
,
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
les
2
an
d
3
,
r
ev
ea
l
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
b
o
th
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
a
n
d
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
f
ib
er
t
y
p
es.
Desp
ite
th
e
lar
g
er
d
ia
m
eter
s
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
co
co
n
u
t
co
i
r
f
ib
e
r
s
,
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
u
p
er
io
r
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
es
s
v
alu
es,
in
d
icatin
g
b
etter
s
tr
ess
r
esis
tan
ce
p
er
u
n
it a
r
ea
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
e
n
s
ile
test
r
esu
lts
o
f
S
an
s
ev
ier
ia
m
ater
ials
No
S
p
e
c
i
me
n
c
o
d
e
D
i
a
me
t
e
r
(
d
X
̅
)
W
i
d
e
c
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
Te
n
s
i
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
Te
n
s
i
l
e
s
t
r
e
ss
(
M
P
a
)
1
S
LM
1
0
.
1
1
0
.
0
0
9
2
.
0
0
2
2
3
.
9
3
2
S
LM
2
0
.
0
7
0
.
0
0
4
2
.
1
0
4
9
7
.
4
5
3
S
LM
3
0
.
1
2
0
.
0
1
1
4
.
3
0
3
8
0
.
4
0
4
S
LM
4
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
0
6
2
.
3
0
3
6
1
.
7
2
5
S
LM
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
0
5
2
.
7
0
5
8
5
.
1
7
6
S
LM
6
0
.
0
9
0
.
0
0
6
1
.
3
0
2
2
0
.
4
8
7
S
LM
7
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
0
3
1
.
7
0
5
3
9
,
9
0
8
S
LM
8
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
0
3
1
.
9
0
6
0
3
.
4
2
9
S
LM
9
0
.
1
3
0
.
0
1
3
5
.
6
0
4
2
2
.
1
2
10
S
LM
1
0
0
.
1
2
0
.
0
1
1
3
.
3
0
3
0
0
.
0
0
T
ab
le
3
.
T
e
n
s
ile
test
r
es
u
lts
o
f
co
co
n
u
t
f
ib
er
m
ater
ial
No
S
p
e
c
i
me
n
c
o
d
e
D
i
a
me
t
e
r
(
d
X
̅
)
W
i
d
e
c
r
o
ss
-
sec
t
i
o
n
Te
n
s
i
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
Te
n
s
i
l
e
s
t
r
e
ss
(
M
P
a
)
1
S
S
K
1
0
.
1
1
0
.
0
0
9
2
.
0
0
2
2
3
.
9
3
2
S
S
K
2
0
.
4
7
0
.
1
7
3
1
2
.
0
0
6
9
.
2
0
3
S
S
K
3
0
.
3
7
0
.
1
0
6
1
0
.
9
0
1
0
3
.
2
8
4
S
S
K
4
0
.
5
8
0
.
2
6
1
2
1
.
2
0
8
1
.
2
1
5
S
S
K
5
0
.
3
3
0
.
0
8
4
7
.
1
0
8
4
.
7
6
6
S
S
K
6
0
.
3
9
0
.
1
1
7
1
3
.
2
0
1
1
2
.
4
7
7
S
S
K
7
0
.
4
5
0
.
1
1
7
6
.
6
0
5
6
.
2
3
8
S
S
K
8
0
.
4
8
0
.
1
5
7
1
1
.
2
0
7
1
.
5
1
9
S
S
K
9
0
.
5
6
0
.
1
8
1
9
.
1
0
5
0
.
3
1
10
S
S
K
1
0
0
.
6
2
0
.
2
4
6
1
9
.
0
0
7
7
.
1
8
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
o
f
f
er
s
a
d
etailed
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
:
SLM
an
d
SSK
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
s
2
a
nd
3
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
an
d
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
ess
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
f
ib
er
ty
p
es,
d
e
s
p
ite
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
s
p
ec
im
en
d
iam
eter
s
ize.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
5
5
2
-
561
558
i)
B
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
an
d
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
:
SSK
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
lar
g
e
r
d
iam
eter
s
a
n
d
h
ig
h
e
r
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
th
an
SLM
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
co
c
o
n
u
t
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
SS
K
1
0
,
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
0
.
6
2
m
m
,
ex
h
ib
ited
a
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
ce
o
f
3
2
.
9
0
N,
wh
er
ea
s
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
p
ec
im
en
SLM
7
,
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
0
.
0
6
m
m
,
b
r
o
k
e
at
a
f
o
r
ce
o
f
o
n
ly
1
.
7
0
N.
W
h
ile
th
e
c
o
co
n
u
t
f
ib
er
s
ex
h
ib
ited
la
r
g
er
b
r
ak
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
,
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
v
alu
es
r
ev
ea
led
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
tr
e
n
d
.
Sa
n
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
eir
s
m
aller
d
iam
eter
s
,
s
h
o
wed
a
h
ig
h
er
a
v
er
ag
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
ca
n
with
s
tan
d
h
i
g
h
er
s
tr
ess
p
er
u
n
it
ar
e
a
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
th
ic
k
er
co
c
o
n
u
t f
ib
er
s
.
ii)
T
en
s
ile
s
tr
es
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
:
th
e
av
er
ag
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
o
f
S
an
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
,
d
esp
ite
h
av
in
g
a
s
m
aller
d
iam
eter
,
was
h
ig
h
e
r
o
n
av
er
a
g
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
co
n
u
t
f
i
b
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
h
av
e
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
ca
p
ac
ity
to
r
esis
t
s
tr
ess
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
ess
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
eir
th
ick
er
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
ch
as
W
an
tah
e
an
d
B
ig
am
b
o
[
3
0
]
,
wh
o
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
h
ig
h
e
r
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
in
San
s
ev
ier
i
a
f
ib
er
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
co
c
o
n
u
t f
ib
er
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
f
ib
e
r
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Ab
d
u
llah
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
in
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
ev
e
n
af
ter
b
len
d
in
g
tr
e
atm
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
m
e
ch
an
ical
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
p
er
u
n
it a
r
ea
.
iii)
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ib
e
r
d
iam
eter
o
n
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
:
th
e
f
ib
er
d
iam
eter
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
e
ter
m
in
in
g
th
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
,
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
with
SSK
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
ig
h
er
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
d
u
e
t
o
its
lar
g
er
d
iam
eter
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
SLM
.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
v
alu
es,
th
is
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
r
r
elate
to
b
etter
o
v
er
all
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
s
tr
ess
r
esis
tan
ce
.
Sm
a
ller
f
ib
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
San
s
ev
ier
ia,
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
in
ce
r
tain
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
a
b
ilit
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
h
i
g
h
er
s
tr
ess
lev
els p
er
u
n
it a
r
ea
.
4
.
2
.
Sig
nifica
nce
o
f
dig
it
a
l t
e
s
t
ing
equip
m
ent
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
in
g
le
-
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
ac
cu
r
at
e
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
ten
s
ile
d
ata
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ib
er
s
.
T
h
is
a
d
v
an
c
ed
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
en
ab
les
p
r
ec
is
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
r
eliab
il
ity
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
f
ib
er
test
in
g
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
f
ib
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
er
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
4
.
3
.
F
uture
direct
io
ns
a
nd
im
pli
ca
t
io
ns
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
p
en
n
ew
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
test
in
g
.
On
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
is
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ten
s
ile
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
a
wid
er
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
e
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
o
t
h
er
f
ib
er
ty
p
es
s
u
ch
as
h
e
m
p
a
n
d
ju
te,
wh
ich
a
r
e
also
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ials
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
co
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
f
ib
er
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ch
em
ical
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
,
o
n
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
s
tr
ess
r
esi
s
tan
ce
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
is
test
i
n
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ettin
g
s
co
u
ld
lead
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
r
e
d
u
r
a
b
le
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
ater
ials
,
p
av
in
g
th
e
way
f
o
r
th
e
wid
er
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
in
co
m
m
e
r
cial
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
-
b
a
s
ed
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
t
o
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ize
h
o
w
n
atu
r
al
f
i
b
er
s
ar
e
test
ed
a
n
d
u
tili
ze
d
in
t
h
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
o
f
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ials
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
-
b
ased
f
ib
er
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
f
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
f
o
r
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
.
T
h
e
k
ey
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
wh
ile
co
co
n
u
t
co
i
r
f
ib
er
s
ex
h
ib
it
h
ig
h
er
b
r
ea
k
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
,
San
s
ev
ier
ia
f
ib
er
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
eir
s
m
aller
d
iam
eter
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
f
th
i
s
test
in
g
ap
p
ar
atu
s
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
ib
e
r
test
in
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
en
ab
lin
g
b
etter
m
ate
r
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ten
s
ile
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
a
b
r
o
ad
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
o
d
if
ied
f
ib
er
s
,
a
n
d
ass
es
s
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
test
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
T
h
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
r
o
m
is
es
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
er
,
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
was
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
v
alu
ab
le
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
W
e
ex
ten
d
o
u
r
h
ea
r
t
f
elt
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
t
o
th
e
Me
ch
an
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Po
litek
n
ik
Neg
er
i
Uju
n
g
Pan
d
a
n
g
f
o
r
th
eir
u
n
wav
er
i
n
g
ass
is
tan
ce
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
f
ac
ilit
ies,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
s
ch
o
lar
ly
g
u
id
an
c
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
tis
e
an
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
s
h
ar
e
d
b
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
ad
v
is
o
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tal
in
s
teer
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
ject
to
war
d
f
r
u
itio
n
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
o
f
o
u
r
ac
ad
em
ic
jo
u
r
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ey
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
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Ap
p
l Sci
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N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Dev
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men
t o
f a
d
ig
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b
a
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ed
fib
er ten
s
ile
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p
p
a
r
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t
u
s
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n
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…
(
Mu
h
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r
)
559
F
UNDING
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R
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h
is
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u
n
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y
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R
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ch
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o
m
m
u
n
ity
Ser
v
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Dir
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to
r
ate
(
DI
PA)
o
f
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litek
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Pan
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lly
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p
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r
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als
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b
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y
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r
er
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
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at
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e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
AUTHO
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CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
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A
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M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
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tr
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u
to
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o
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ax
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o
m
y
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ed
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to
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o
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n
ize
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iv
id
u
al
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th
o
r
co
n
tr
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u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
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ce
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th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
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llab
o
r
atio
n
.
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m
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Aut
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h
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ad
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h
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ad
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u
ttaq
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C
:
C
o
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c
e
p
t
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a
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t
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M
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M
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f
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ter
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we
ch
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e
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b
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it
th
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ticle
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e
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ter
n
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o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
ce
s
in
Ap
p
lied
Scien
ce
s
(
I
J
AAS)
,
wh
ich
a
lig
n
s
well
with
o
u
r
f
ield
an
d
m
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ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Pu
b
lis
h
in
g
i
n
th
is
jo
u
r
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al
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
u
s
n
o
t o
n
ly
to
f
u
lf
ill o
u
r
r
esear
ch
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
b
u
t
also
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
a
ca
d
em
ic
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
o
u
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
au
t
h
o
r
,
[
MI
].
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
e
q
u
est.
T
h
ese
d
ata
in
clu
d
e
d
etailed
ten
s
ile
test
in
g
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
atu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
(
San
s
ev
ier
ia
an
d
co
co
n
u
t
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