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l.
39
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.
62
~
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5
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62
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ttp
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cs.ia
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Influences
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su
ffe
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n
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LE
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th
e
p
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it
o
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o
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a
li
ty
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ro
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m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
t
h
e
Sm
3+
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Eu
3+
c
o
d
o
p
e
d
Ba
2
G
d
(BO
3
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2
Cl
(BG
BC:S
m
-
Eu
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re
d
p
h
o
s
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wa
s
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ro
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f
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si
n
g
i
n
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o
m
m
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w
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Ds
.
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lu
m
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e
a
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d
i
n
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n
c
e
s
o
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p
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ted
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se
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e
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wa
s u
ti
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z
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rica
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e
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su
lt
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n
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te
d
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t
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ted
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e
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o
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m
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ra
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g
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w
it
h
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p
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t
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a
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c
a
u
se
d
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y
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h
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s
h
if
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m
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u
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+
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t
h
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w
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o
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e
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s
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c
e
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tratio
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d
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t
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in
a
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p
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sta
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n
d
l
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sit
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lso
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tai
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l
l
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sp
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m
w
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with
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re
n
d
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ti
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o
m
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in
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d
wi
th
o
t
h
e
r
b
l
u
e
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to
-
g
re
e
n
lu
m
i
n
e
sc
e
n
t
m
a
teria
ls.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ba
2
Gd
(
B
O
3
)
2
Cl
C
o
lo
r
r
en
d
e
r
in
g
in
d
ex
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law
L
u
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icac
y
W
h
ite
L
E
D
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
My
Han
h
Ng
u
y
en
T
h
i
Facu
lty
o
f
Me
ch
a
n
ical
E
n
g
in
e
er
in
g
,
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ho
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
No
.
1
2
Ng
u
y
en
Van
B
ao
Stre
e
t,
Ho
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail: n
g
u
y
e
n
th
im
y
h
an
h
@
iu
h
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
m
er
g
in
g
as
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
s
o
li
d
-
s
tate
illu
m
in
atin
g
,
esp
ec
ially
th
e
lig
h
t
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
L
E
D)
,
h
as
b
e
en
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
a
n
d
ap
p
lied
in
m
an
y
f
ield
s
,
f
r
o
m
in
d
o
o
r
an
d
o
u
td
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
an
d
d
is
p
lay
[
1
]
to
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
b
io
l
o
g
ical
s
en
s
in
g
[
2
]
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
ca
l
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
er
cial
wh
ite
L
E
D
(w
-
L
E
D)
is
u
s
u
ally
c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
u
ltra
v
io
let/n
ea
r
-
u
ltra
v
i
o
let
o
r
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
an
d
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
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co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
er
t
th
e
em
itted
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ch
ip
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
y
ell
o
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
th
e
Y
AG:C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
o
o
d
lu
m
i
n
escen
ce
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
with
th
e
YAG:
C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
th
e
r
ed
-
em
is
s
io
n
in
th
e
v
is
ib
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
n
o
t
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le,
r
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ltin
g
in
in
f
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io
r
c
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
ig
u
r
in
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u
t
th
e
p
h
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s
p
h
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r
m
ater
ials
to
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f
ic
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tl
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s
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p
p
le
m
en
t
th
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o
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an
g
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s
p
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n
d
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ltra
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let
to
b
lu
e
ex
citatio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
cr
itical
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
f
u
ll
-
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
-
L
E
D
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
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d
co
lo
r
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
Usi
n
g
r
a
r
e
-
ea
r
th
io
n
s
as
d
o
p
an
ts
f
o
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
flu
en
ce
s
o
f th
e
S
m
3+
-
Eu
3+
c
o
d
o
p
e
d
B
a
2
Gd
(
B
O
3
)
2
C
l p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
o
n
th
e
co
mme
r
cia
l
…
(
Lu
u
Ho
n
g
Q
u
a
n
)
63
h
as
b
ee
n
in
ter
ested
ex
ten
s
iv
el
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
ex
ce
llen
t
lu
m
i
n
escen
ce
with
s
h
ar
p
em
is
s
io
n
lin
es.
T
h
e
E
u
3+
h
as
b
ee
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
av
o
r
it
e
d
o
p
an
ts
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
g
o
o
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
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r
.
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h
o
u
g
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it
ca
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in
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ed
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n
,
th
e
f
lu
o
r
escen
t
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f
i
ca
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is
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elativ
ely
lo
w
b
ec
au
s
e
its
f
-
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
r
esen
ts
in
ef
f
icien
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
to
g
et
th
e
lu
m
in
escen
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
E
u
3+
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
,
a
s
en
s
itizer
io
n
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
Sm
3+
io
n
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
en
s
itizer
f
o
r
E
u
3+
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
h
o
s
t
[
9
]
.
B
e
s
id
es,
th
e
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
s
u
itab
le
h
o
s
t
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
f
o
r
th
e
io
n
d
o
p
an
ts
’
ex
citatio
n
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
is
cr
itical.
Am
o
n
g
m
an
y
an
aly
ze
d
h
o
s
t
m
atr
ices,
th
e
h
alo
-
b
o
r
ates
o
f
f
e
r
ex
ce
llen
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
v
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s
atility
d
u
e
to
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d
iv
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s
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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ty
p
es
an
d
th
e
a
d
ju
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
ca
tio
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
b
o
r
ate
h
o
s
t
ty
p
e
p
o
s
s
ess
es
h
ig
h
ch
em
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
th
er
m
o
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ex
ce
llen
t lu
m
in
escen
t f
ea
tu
r
es wh
ile
ca
n
b
e
s
y
n
th
esized
u
n
d
e
r
lo
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
B
esid
es,
th
e
h
alo
-
b
o
r
ate
h
o
s
t
ca
n
y
ield
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
g
ap
,
av
o
i
d
in
g
ab
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
o
f
ac
tiv
ated
io
n
d
o
p
an
ts
’
em
is
s
io
n
,
lead
in
g
t
o
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
h
ig
h
-
e
f
f
icien
cy
lu
m
in
escen
ce
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
h
alo
-
b
o
r
ate
B
a
2
Gd
(
B
O
3
)
2
C
l
i
s
u
s
ed
as
a
h
o
s
t
f
o
r
co
-
d
o
p
in
g
E
u
3+
an
d
Sm
3+
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
o
lid
-
p
h
ase
m
eth
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
s
y
n
th
e
s
ize
th
e
Sm
3+
,Eu
3+
co
d
o
p
ed
B
a
2
Gd
(
B
O
3
)
2
C
l
(
B
G
B
C
:Sm
-
E
u
)
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
we
r
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
Sm
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
wo
u
ld
b
e
ef
f
icien
t
with
th
e
E
u
3+
em
i
s
s
io
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
.
T
h
e
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
is
u
tili
ze
d
with
YA
G:C
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ch
i
p
(
4
6
5
n
m
)
to
b
u
ild
a
w
-
L
E
D
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
a
r
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
o
n
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
wo
u
ld
b
e
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
o
b
ta
in
in
g
th
e
f
u
ll
-
co
lo
r
w
-
L
E
D
wh
en
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
with
o
th
e
r
b
l
u
e
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lu
m
i
n
escen
ce
m
ater
ials
.
B
esid
es,
th
is
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
w
-
L
E
D
lu
m
in
o
u
s
in
ten
s
ity
an
d
co
lo
r
-
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
th
e
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
v
ia
th
e
s
o
lid
-
p
h
ase
r
ea
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Sm
3+
was
c
o
n
s
tan
t
at
4
m
o
l%
wh
ile
th
a
t
o
f
th
e
E
u
3+
v
ar
ied
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
-
7
m
o
l%.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
s
tar
tin
g
in
g
r
ed
i
en
ts
(
with
p
u
r
ity
>
9
9
.
5
%)
a
n
d
s
y
n
t
h
esizin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Af
ter
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ct
was
o
b
tain
ed
,
th
e
lu
m
in
escen
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
t
h
e
Hitach
i
F
-
7
0
0
0
f
lu
o
r
escen
t
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
eter
co
u
p
lin
g
with
a
n
ex
ci
tatio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
x
en
o
n
lig
h
t
u
n
d
er
1
5
0
W
.
T
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
e
r
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
a
w
-
L
E
D
with
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YA
G:C
e,
an
d
b
lu
e
-
p
u
m
p
ed
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
(
4
6
5
n
m
)
a
r
e
d
ep
icted
b
y
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
ea
l
p
h
o
to
o
f
th
e
b
u
ilt
w
-
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
3
D
s
im
u
lated
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
ac
k
ag
e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
th
e
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
s
o
f
twar
e
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
an
d
1
d
p
r
esen
t t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
d
etails o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
v
ia
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
c
h
ip
-
b
o
n
d
i
n
g
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
w
-
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
in
t
h
e
wo
r
k
: (
a
)
r
ea
l
p
h
o
to
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D,
(
b
)
w
-
L
E
D
3
D
s
im
u
l
atio
n
b
y
L
i
g
h
tTo
o
ls
s
o
f
twar
e,
an
d
(
c
)
w
-
L
E
D
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
d
etails,
an
d
(
d
)
ch
ip
clu
s
ter
o
f
th
e
w
-
LED
T
ab
le
1
.
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
s
tar
tin
g
in
g
r
e
d
ien
ts
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
s
tag
es
I
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
s
P
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
s
t
e
p
s
BaCO
3
B
a
C
l
2
∙
2
H
2
O
H
3
BO
3
Gd
2
O
3
Eu
2
O
3
Sm
2
O
3
1
.
W
e
i
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
s i
n
a
s
t
o
i
c
h
i
o
met
r
i
c
r
a
t
i
o
a
n
d
g
e
t
t
h
e
m
w
e
l
l
mi
x
e
d
i
n
a
n
a
g
a
t
e
m
o
r
t
a
r
.
2.
B
l
e
n
d
t
h
e
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
w
i
t
h
5
m
o
l
%
H
3
BO
3
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
l
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
a
n
a
g
a
t
e
mo
r
t
a
r
.
3
.
P
u
t
t
h
e
mi
x
t
u
r
e
i
n
a
c
o
r
u
n
d
u
m
c
r
u
c
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
c
a
l
c
i
n
a
t
e
f
o
r
6
h
o
u
r
s
a
t
1
6
5
2
0
F
i
n
a
t
u
b
e
f
u
r
n
a
c
e
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Co
m
pu
t
a
t
io
na
l lum
ines
ce
nce
f
o
r
B
G
B
C:
Sm
-
Eu
T
h
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ex
h
ib
ited
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
b
r
o
ad
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
with
m
u
ltip
le
p
ea
k
s
in
365
-
4
1
5
n
m
an
d
at
4
6
5
n
m
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
in
ten
s
e
p
ea
k
was
n
o
ti
ce
d
at
3
9
3
n
m
.
Su
c
h
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
ar
e
m
atc
h
e
d
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
39
,
No
.
1
,
J
u
ly
20
25
:
62
-
69
64
th
e
u
ltra
v
io
let
an
d
b
lu
e
wav
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
is
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
u
ltra
v
io
let/b
lu
e
-
p
u
m
p
ed
w
-
L
E
Ds
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
with
4
m
o
l%
o
f
Sm
3+
an
d
4
m
o
l%
o
f
E
u
3+
s
h
o
w
ed
m
u
ltip
le
p
ea
k
s
with
th
r
ee
em
i
n
en
t
ce
n
t
er
s
at
5
9
3
n
m
,
6
1
2
n
m
,
as
well
as
6
2
3
n
m
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
p
ea
k
s
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
ea
k
was
at
5
9
3
n
m
,
wh
ich
is
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
h
if
ts
b
etwe
en
5
D
0
a
n
d
7
F
1
f
o
r
E
u
3+
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
o
th
er
l
o
wer
p
e
ak
s
at
6
1
2
an
d
6
2
3
n
m
ar
e
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
h
if
ts
b
etwe
en
5
D
0
an
d
7
F
2
f
o
r
E
u
3+
.
Su
c
h
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
en
o
ted
t
h
at
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
s
o
r
ig
in
ated
f
r
o
m
Sm
3+
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
o
p
in
g
d
o
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
E
u
3+
io
n
h
ad
t
h
e
Sm
3+
em
is
s
io
n
d
ec
lin
ed
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
p
o
wer
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
eb
Sm
3+
io
n
an
d
E
u
3+
.
T
h
e
4
G
5/2
s
tatu
s
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
io
n
Sm
3+
wo
u
ld
b
e
ad
jace
n
t
t
o
th
e
E
u
3+
io
n
’
s
5
D
0
s
tate
en
er
g
y
[
2
0
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
p
o
wer
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
Sm
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
wo
u
ld
b
e
allo
wed
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
life
tim
e
d
ec
ay
cu
r
v
es
o
f
t
h
e
Sm
3+
lu
m
in
escen
ce
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
o
wer
s
h
i
f
t
b
etwe
en
Sm
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
.
W
e
ca
n
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
itted
d
u
al
-
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
lu
m
in
escen
ce
as th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
:
=
1
(
−
/
1
)
+
2
(
−
/
2
)
(
1
)
=
(
1
1
2
+
2
2
2
)
(
1
1
+
2
2
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
L
I
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
lu
m
i
n
escen
ce
in
ten
s
ity
,
a
n
d
τ
a
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
d
ec
ay
tim
e
.
B
1
a
n
d
B
2
ar
e
th
e
f
itti
n
g
co
n
s
tan
ts
.
τ
1
a
n
d
τ
2
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
a
p
id
a
n
d
s
tead
y
d
e
g
r
a
d
atio
n
tim
es.
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
e
ase
in
E
u
3+
d
o
p
in
g
am
o
u
n
t,
th
e
τ
a
v
alu
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
e
r
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
with
n
o
n
-
r
a
d
iatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
r
o
m
Sm
3+
to
E
u
3+
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
Sm
3+
lu
m
in
escen
ce
lif
etim
es
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
E
u
3+
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
also
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t
[
2
1
]
-
[
23]
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
S
m
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
ca
n
b
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
v
ia
th
e
cr
itical
r
an
g
e
(
D
)
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
cr
itical
d
is
tan
c
e
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
B
lass
e
(
3
)
:
=
2
(
3
4
)
1
/
3
(
3
)
V
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
n
it
-
ce
llu
le
v
o
lu
m
e;
C
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
E
u
3+
an
d
Sm
3+
io
n
s
;
Z
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
n
its
in
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
Eu
,
wh
ich
e
q
u
als
to
2
.
B
y
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
D
b
etwe
en
Sm
3+
an
d
Eu
3+
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
th
e
p
o
we
r
s
h
if
t
b
et
wee
n
Sm
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
w
o
r
k
s
.
As
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
D
wo
u
ld
b
e
lar
g
er
th
a
n
5
Å,
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
o
lar
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
is
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
wer
s
h
if
t
r
ath
er
th
a
n
th
e
ex
ch
an
g
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
De
x
ter
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
e
m
u
ltip
o
lar
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
f
o
r
th
is
e
n
er
g
y
-
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
4
)
:
0
∝
/
3
(
4
)
wh
er
e
0
Sm
an
d
Sm
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
lu
m
in
escen
t
q
u
an
tu
m
ef
f
ica
cies
f
o
r
Sm
3+
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
an
d
n
o
t
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
E
u
3+
.
S
in
d
icate
s
th
e
E
u
3+
an
d
Sm
3+
am
o
u
n
ts
co
m
b
in
ed
.
n
is
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
m
u
ltip
o
lar
-
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es.
As
n
eq
u
als
to
8
,
th
e
b
es
t
f
itted
r
esu
lt
was
o
b
ta
in
ed
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ty
p
e
f
o
r
Sm
3+
→
Eu
3+
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
is
d
ip
o
le
–
q
u
ad
r
u
p
o
le.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
o
b
tain
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
ex
cita
b
le
u
n
d
er
u
ltra
v
io
let
(
UV)
to
v
is
ib
le
b
lu
e
wav
elen
g
th
r
an
g
e.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
eith
er
b
l
u
e
-
p
u
m
p
e
d
(
4
6
5
n
m
)
o
r
UV
-
p
u
m
p
ed
(
3
6
5
n
m
)
L
E
Ds,
in
d
icat
in
g
th
at
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
ap
p
li
ca
b
le
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
o
r
a
n
g
e
-
r
ed
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
war
m
-
lig
h
t
wh
ite
L
E
D,
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
lig
h
tin
g
d
ev
ices’
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
an
d
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
4
m
o
l%
was
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
p
e
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
io
n
d
o
p
an
ts
Sm
3+
an
d
E
u
3+
.
Mo
r
e
th
an
s
u
c
h
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lev
el,
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
cc
u
r
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
d
ec
lin
in
g
em
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
3
.
2
.
I
nfluence
s
o
f
B
G
B
C:
Sm
-
E
u pho
s
ph
o
r
do
s
a
g
e
o
n w
-
L
E
D
perf
o
rm
a
nces
W
h
en
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
ed
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
with
th
e
YAG:Ce
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
YAG:
C
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
o
s
ag
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
YAG:Ce
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
at
o
f
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
is
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
co
r
r
elate
d
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
C
C
T
)
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
4
d
e
p
ict
th
e
ca
l
cu
lated
s
ca
tter
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
flu
en
ce
s
o
f th
e
S
m
3+
-
Eu
3+
c
o
d
o
p
e
d
B
a
2
Gd
(
B
O
3
)
2
C
l p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
o
n
th
e
co
mme
r
cia
l
…
(
Lu
u
Ho
n
g
Q
u
a
n
)
65
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
SC
s
)
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
(
R
SC
s
)
o
f
lig
h
t
in
t
h
e
w
-
L
E
D
with
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
.
Sig
n
if
ic
an
tly
,
b
o
th
f
ig
u
r
es
s
h
o
w
an
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
SC
s
an
d
R
SC
s
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
o
p
in
g
d
o
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
is
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
lig
h
t
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
an
d
b
l
u
e
-
lig
h
t
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
,
th
er
eb
y
lead
in
g
to
b
etter
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
lu
m
in
o
u
s
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
t
h
e
w
-
L
E
D
l
ig
h
t [
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
wer
is
in
ten
s
if
ied
d
u
e
t
o
en
h
an
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
W
h
en
a
h
ig
h
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
u
s
ed
,
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
p
o
s
itio
n
s
r
em
ain
u
n
ch
an
g
ed
,
b
u
t
th
e
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
em
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
in
ten
s
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
il
e
th
at
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
r
eg
io
n
em
is
s
io
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
Su
ch
a
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
in
d
icate
s
b
etter
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
b
y
th
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
u
n
d
e
r
b
lu
e
-
ch
ip
ex
citatio
n
,
t
h
e
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
ar
ticles
em
it
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
lig
h
t
an
d
a
b
s
o
r
b
s
o
m
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
t,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
it
in
to
o
r
a
n
g
e
-
r
e
d
lig
h
t
,
r
esu
lt
in
g
in
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
ten
s
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
in
th
e
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
with
a
p
ea
k
at
5
9
3
n
m
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
t
h
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
-
em
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
(
4
6
5
n
m
)
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
u
t
r
em
ain
s
n
o
ticea
b
le,
in
d
icatin
g
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
lu
m
in
o
s
ity
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
b
en
ef
it
o
f
th
e
B
GB
C
:
Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
th
e
l
u
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
-
L
E
D
ca
n
b
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
d
ata
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
t
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
illu
s
tr
ates
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
d
o
p
in
g
am
o
u
n
t,
wh
ich
d
e
n
o
te
s
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
o
r
war
d
s
ca
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[
2
5
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an
d
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ati
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:
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
5
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I
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J
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Fig
u
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.
T
h
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p
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r
As
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ted
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e
lu
m
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o
u
tp
u
t
is
p
r
o
m
o
ted
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
B
G
B
C
:
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u
p
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s
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h
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am
o
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n
t.
T
h
e
in
cr
e
ase
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lu
m
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o
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ity
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ten
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ce
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a
d
ec
r
ea
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e
in
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l
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r
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u
ality
a
n
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r
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T
o
f
th
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ite
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E
D.
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h
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s
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atio
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ed
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e
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C
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n
if
o
r
m
ity
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d
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en
ts
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co
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ce
n
tr
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n
.
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h
e
c
h
an
g
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in
C
C
T
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
w
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E
D
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h
t
with
in
cr
ea
s
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g
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:
Sm
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E
u
p
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h
o
r
am
o
u
n
ts
is
th
en
d
ep
ict
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
C
C
T
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
n
if
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r
m
ity
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s
m
en
t
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clu
d
es
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l
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
C
C
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as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
an
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
C
C
T
(
d
-
C
C
T
)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
will
s
er
v
e
as
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
B
GB
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:
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-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
wh
ite
lig
h
t.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
o
n
th
e
p
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esen
ce
o
f
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GB
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:S
m
-
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u
p
h
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r
,
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h
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ed
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ctio
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in
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ity
o
b
s
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th
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ter
is
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o
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r
d
s
,
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e
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T
le
v
el
is
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ed
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ce
d
wh
en
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in
g
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e
r
ed
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p
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:Sm
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to
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e
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er
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Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
lo
wer
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
C
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is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
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:Sm
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p
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o
s
p
h
o
r
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
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e
w
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L
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D
p
ac
k
ag
e,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
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s
e
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
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e
d
p
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s
p
h
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r
.
Su
ch
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tially
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tab
le
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ig
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io
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.
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-
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ain
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with
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cr
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e
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d
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er
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alb
eit
s
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ican
tly
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in
th
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
C
T
v
alu
es o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
with
B
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u
p
h
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h
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r
(
a)
an
g
u
lar
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C
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s
an
d
(
b
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D
-
CCT
As
an
ticip
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at
th
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et
o
f
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y
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n
ce
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en
t
o
f
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ed
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t
t
h
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as th
e
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tial
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c
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ate
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(
C
R
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)
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d
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lo
r
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ca
le
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C
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,
as
p
r
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Fig
u
r
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8
an
d
9
,
r
esp
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el
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m
en
tal
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ce
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GB
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u
p
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s
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h
o
r
lea
d
s
to
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
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SS
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7
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67
g
r
ad
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s
e
in
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C
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S
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d
C
R
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ith
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wh
ile
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is
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im
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d
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ec
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itate
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r
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ad
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tr
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o
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itical
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lo
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s
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b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
r
ed
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e
,
th
is
d
o
m
in
a
n
ce
o
f
r
ed
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h
t
r
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lts
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a
s
ig
n
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ican
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lo
r
im
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alan
ce
a
n
d
h
a
m
p
er
s
ch
r
o
m
atic
r
en
d
iti
o
n
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e
r
f
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r
m
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ce
.
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ite
th
e
d
ec
r
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s
in
g
v
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o
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o
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ch
r
o
m
atic
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en
d
er
i
n
g
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ar
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m
eter
s
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C
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s
h
o
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h
ig
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o
f
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en
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er
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g
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a
n
th
e
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.
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ec
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ically
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th
e
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QS
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alu
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ar
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co
n
s
is
t
en
tly
ab
o
v
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w
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ile
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e
o
f
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ar
e
b
elo
w
6
0
at
all
B
G
B
C
:
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-
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u
co
n
ce
n
tr
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n
s
.
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h
e
C
QS
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
r
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m
p
lex
t
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
a
n
th
e
C
R
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b
ec
au
s
e
i
t
ev
alu
ates
n
o
t
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ly
th
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h
t
co
lo
r
s
am
p
les
o
f
t
h
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C
R
I
,
b
u
t
also
a
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n
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e
o
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lo
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atu
r
atio
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.
I
t
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n
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s
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lo
r
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o
r
d
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atin
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p
er
f
o
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c
e
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d
v
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al
p
r
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e
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ce
s
f
r
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m
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
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h
is
r
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lt im
p
lies
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th
e
B
GB
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-
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u
p
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p
h
o
r
h
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ld
s
th
e
p
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te
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tial
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er
all
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o
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th
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L
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Ad
d
itio
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ally
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it
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o
s
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ce
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s
u
e
b
y
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u
p
p
lem
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g
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e
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ef
icie
n
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is
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s
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r
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le
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s
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g
th
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u
p
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p
h
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r
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n
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n
ctio
n
with
o
th
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ee
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d
b
lu
e
lu
m
in
escen
ce
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
co
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ld
p
o
ten
tial
ly
y
ield
a
f
u
ll
-
co
l
o
r
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
R
I
o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
with
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
QS o
f
th
e
w
-
L
E
D
with
B
GB
C
:Sm
-
E
u
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
w
-
L
E
D
is
well
-
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
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h
ig
h
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m
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o
u
s
ef
f
icien
cy
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
is
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
lo
r
f
ild
ety
an
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
d
e
v
elo
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in
g
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e
p
h
o
s
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h
o
r
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s
u
p
p
lem
en
t th
e
em
is
s
io
n
co
lo
r
s
h
o
r
tag
e
is
th
e
cr
itical
ac
t
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
th
e
r
o
ad
to
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h
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e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
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d
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er
f
o
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ce
w
-
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ices.
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h
e
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r
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m
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[1
]
H
.
T
.
Tu
n
g
,
B
.
T.
M
i
n
h
,
N
.
L.
T
h
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.
Y
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n
d
N
.
D
.
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n
h
,
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.
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]
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.
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.
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