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l
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d
stu
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ts’
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rit
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k
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a
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e
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ts
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ll
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ts,
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d
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t
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ro
v
e
m
o
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t
e
ffe
c
ti
v
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fo
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th
o
se
with
a
d
v
a
n
c
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d
c
rit
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th
in
k
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g
sk
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ll
s.
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t
u
d
e
n
ts
with
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w
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r
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rit
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l
th
in
k
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g
a
b
il
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c
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
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n
a
v
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g
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ti
n
g
les
s
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t
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re
d
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n
v
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m
e
n
ts.
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lt
s
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imp
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o
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g
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n
d
a
d
o
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tail
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n
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teg
ra
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g
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t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
to
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
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y
c
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n
sid
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ri
n
g
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
lea
rn
in
g
m
o
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e
l
a
n
d
c
rit
ica
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th
in
k
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g
le
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ls,
e
d
u
c
a
to
r
s
c
a
n
o
p
ti
m
ize
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ten
ti
a
l
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
stu
d
e
n
t
lea
rn
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s i
n
tec
h
n
ica
l
field
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
C
r
itical
th
in
k
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g
E
l
e
c
t
r
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ca
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
at
i
o
n
Gu
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
L
ea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
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Self
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C
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A
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:
Ab
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Sib
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Dep
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tm
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t o
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Facu
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Un
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Neg
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u
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1.
I
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UCT
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o
al
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f
tech
n
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an
d
v
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ca
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to
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ates
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s
[
1
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[
2
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.
T
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[
3
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[
4
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.
L
o
w
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a
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u
a
t
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q
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[
5
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[
6
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.
A
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ca
p
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[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
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8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
5
4
5
-
2
5
5
5
2546
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
o
n
T
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as
a
s
tr
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to
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ce
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s
k
ills
an
d
ca
p
ab
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o
f
it
s
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
I
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d
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[
1
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]
.
Desp
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ates
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No
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Su
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Pro
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h
as
b
ee
n
g
r
ap
p
lin
g
with
th
e
p
er
s
is
ten
t
is
s
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
with
s
u
b
s
tan
d
ar
d
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
i
t
s
t
e
c
h
n
ic
a
l
a
n
d
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
[
1
1
]
.
D
e
s
p
i
te
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
r
at
e
g
ie
s
,
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
h
av
e
y
e
t
t
o
m
e
e
t
t
h
e
p
r
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
p
o
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
t
e
m
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
f
r
o
m
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
co
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
i
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
c
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
a
l
s
k
i
l
ls
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
i
s
is
s
u
e
i
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
f
a
c
e
d
b
y
T
V
E
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
i
n
N
o
r
t
h
S
u
m
at
r
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
b
u
t
a
ls
o
i
n
o
t
h
e
r
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
I
t
i
s
c
r
u
ci
a
l
t
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
p
r
o
m
p
t
l
y
t
o
h
a
l
t
t
h
e
d
e
c
li
n
i
n
g
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
T
V
E
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
es
,
wh
ich
h
as c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
ted
to
r
is
in
g
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lo
w
s
k
il
ls
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
with
o
u
t d
elay
,
as
th
ese
s
k
ill
s
ar
e
k
ey
to
ac
h
iev
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
f
o
r
T
VE
g
r
ad
u
ates.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
to
o
ls
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia,
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
r
em
e
d
ied
[
1
4
]
.
E
lectr
ica
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
m
ed
ia
th
at
ca
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
b
s
tr
ac
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
to
m
o
r
e
co
n
cr
ete
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
el
iv
er
y
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
co
n
te
n
t
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
will
b
e
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
with
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lear
n
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
an
d
m
e
d
ia
[
1
6
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
es
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
e
er
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
.
T
h
is
co
u
r
s
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
s
(
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
)
,
ty
p
es
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
,
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
s
,
an
d
c
alcu
latio
n
s
o
f
f
o
r
ce
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
an
d
p
o
wer
(
HP)
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical
lo
ad
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
co
u
r
s
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
m
o
to
r
to
r
q
u
e,
b
r
ak
in
g
,
an
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ica
l
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
co
u
r
s
e,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
th
is
co
u
r
s
e
is
ab
s
tr
ac
t
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
ia
th
at
ca
n
d
is
p
lay
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
n
elec
tr
ic
m
o
t
o
r
cle
ar
ly
[
1
7
]
.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
h
r
ee
m
ain
p
h
ases
: in
p
u
t,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t p
h
ase
in
v
o
lv
es
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
en
g
a
g
in
g
wit
h
an
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
at
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase
ass
ess
es
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
y
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
g
ain
e
d
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tag
e
em
p
h
asizes
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
er
e
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
m
ed
ia,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
s
h
ap
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
[
2
0
]
.
As
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
m
e
d
ia
m
u
s
t
b
e
cr
ea
ted
with
th
e
less
o
n
'
s
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
m
u
ltime
d
ia
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
in
m
in
d
[
2
1
]
.
W
ith
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
Paiv
io
'
s
d
u
al
-
co
d
in
g
th
eo
r
y
an
d
B
ad
d
eley
'
s
wo
r
k
in
g
m
em
o
r
y
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
lo
w
ca
teg
o
r
y
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
h
ig
h
ca
teg
o
r
y
is
lin
k
ed
t
o
th
e
m
u
l
tim
ed
ia
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
le,
wh
i
ch
d
r
aws
o
n
k
ey
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
a
n
d
th
eo
r
ies,
s
u
ch
as
Sweller
'
s
co
g
n
itiv
e
lo
ad
th
eo
r
y
an
d
t
h
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
m
u
ltime
d
ia
lear
n
in
g
b
y
C
lar
k
an
d
Sweller
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
u
ltime
d
ia
th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
s
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
m
u
s
t
alig
n
with
th
e
ess
en
tial
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
co
h
er
en
ce
,
tim
e
-
s
p
ac
e
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
,
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
,
m
o
d
ality
,
an
d
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
p
r
ep
a
r
in
g
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
less
o
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
elec
tr
ical
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
s
in
g
two
m
o
d
els:
th
e
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el.
Self
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
tiv
ely
tak
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
t
h
eir
o
w
n
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
r
e
g
iv
en
th
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
to
o
r
g
a
n
ize
t
h
e
tim
e,
p
lace
,
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
f
lear
n
in
g
t
h
at
b
est
s
u
its
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
an
d
in
ter
ests
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
en
co
u
r
ag
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
b
ec
o
m
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
ac
ti
v
e
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
Gu
id
e
d
lear
n
in
g
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
wh
ich
teac
h
er
s
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
p
lay
an
ac
tiv
e
r
o
le
in
d
ir
ec
tin
g
,
ass
is
tin
g
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
g
u
id
e
d
lear
n
in
g
,
teac
h
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
clea
r
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
co
n
ce
p
ts
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
th
ese
two
m
o
d
els,
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
is
u
s
ed
to
b
u
ild
m
ed
ia
c
o
n
ten
t
th
at
b
r
in
g
s
o
b
jects
an
d
ev
en
ts
to
life
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
im
at
io
n
s
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
clo
s
ely
r
esem
b
lin
g
th
eir
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
[
2
9
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
lo
w
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
ed
ia
b
ased
o
n
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
I
f
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
at
o
n
ce
is
to
o
o
v
er
wh
elm
in
g
,
it
ca
n
im
p
air
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
h
in
d
e
r
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ab
s
o
r
b
th
e
m
ater
ia
l,
a
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
k
n
o
wn
as c
o
g
n
itiv
e
lo
ad
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
itab
le
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ed
ia
ca
n
h
elp
m
i
n
im
ize
in
tr
in
s
ic,
ex
tr
in
s
ic,
an
d
g
er
m
a
n
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
lo
ad
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Mu
ltime
d
ia
in
lear
n
in
g
c
an
b
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
d
eliv
er
in
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
is
u
als,
au
d
io
,
v
id
eo
s
,
an
d
an
im
atio
n
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
th
e
m
ater
ial
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
eir
co
g
n
itiv
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
[
3
5
]
.
Nu
m
e
r
o
u
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
lear
n
in
g
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates a
u
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lit
y
-
b
ased
m
u
ltime
d
ia
[
3
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
u
g
men
ted
r
ea
lity le
a
r
n
in
g
med
ia
fo
r
elec
tr
ica
l m
o
to
r
:
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
…
(
B
ima
Mu
s
ta
q
i
m
)
2547
As
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
ti
n
u
es
t
o
ad
v
a
n
ce
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
a
u
g
m
en
te
d
r
e
alit
y
-
b
ase
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
t
o
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av
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cr
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ed
.
T
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m
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e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
te
n
t
ef
f
e
cti
v
el
y
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
A
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
e
le
v
a
n
t
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
au
g
m
e
n
t
ed
r
ea
lit
y
-
b
ase
d
m
e
d
i
a
in
t
ea
ch
in
g
a
r
e
as
l
ik
e
ele
ct
r
ic
al
m
o
t
o
r
in
s
t
all
ati
o
n
,
b
asi
c
ele
ct
r
o
n
i
cs,
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
e
lec
tr
ic
al
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
el
ec
t
r
i
ca
l
ci
r
cu
its
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
au
g
m
e
n
t
ed
r
e
alit
y
-
b
ase
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
h
as
k
ep
t
p
a
ce
wit
h
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
in
n
o
v
at
iv
e
an
d
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
s
o
l
u
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
t
ea
ch
i
n
g
e
lec
tr
ic
al
e
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
R
es
ea
r
c
h
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
es
th
ei
r
a
p
p
li
ca
b
il
it
y
in
a
r
e
as
s
u
c
h
as
e
lec
tr
ica
l
m
o
t
o
r
in
s
tal
lati
o
n
,
b
asic
ele
ct
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
a
n
d
ele
ct
r
ic
al
c
ir
c
u
its
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
i
n
g
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
e
d
ia'
s
f
e
at
u
r
e
s
al
ig
n
wit
h
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
i
c
r
eq
u
i
r
em
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
en
t.
B
esid
es
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia,
cr
it
ical
th
in
k
in
g
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
R
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
in
T
VE
d
is
cip
lin
es,
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icatin
g
its
s
tr
o
n
g
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
s
u
cc
ess
in
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
3
1
]
.
C
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
an
aly
ze
,
ev
alu
ate,
a
n
d
i
n
ter
p
r
et
a
s
itu
atio
n
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
jectiv
ely
a
n
d
r
atio
n
ally
,
with
o
u
t b
ein
g
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
b
ias o
r
u
n
test
ed
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
o
th
at
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
a
wh
o
le
an
d
ev
alu
ate
d
h
o
li
s
tically
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
al
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
k
ill
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
p
r
o
b
le
m
-
s
o
lv
in
g
in
s
cien
ce
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
s
u
ch
as
ar
ith
m
etic
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
v
er
b
al
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
r
ea
d
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
s
p
atial
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
e
v
is
u
alizin
g
o
b
jects
in
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
s
k
ill
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
r
o
b
lem
s
u
s
in
g
3
D
an
im
atio
n
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
[
4
0
]
.
C
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
p
er
s
o
n
t
o
p
er
s
o
n
,
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as a
g
e,
g
e
n
d
er
,
an
d
in
tellig
en
ce
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
k
ill
ca
n
b
e
cu
ltiv
ated
to
en
h
a
n
ce
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
e
r
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
t
h
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
a
r
e
as
l
i
k
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
r
t
i
f
i
ci
a
l i
n
t
el
l
i
g
en
c
e
[
4
2
]
.
B
as
e
d
o
n
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
al
a
n
d
e
m
p
i
r
i
c
al
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
i
t
is
e
v
i
d
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
s
u
c
c
ess
i
n
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
c
r
i
ti
ca
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
s
k
il
ls
.
Stu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
i
n
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
T
VE
g
r
ad
u
ates,
esp
ec
ially
with
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
is
f
ield
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
o
lid
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
th
eo
r
ies
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
m
aster
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
asic
elec
tr
icity
,
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
elec
tr
icity
,
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
,
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
its
,
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
[
1
5
]
.
E
lectr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
co
v
er
in
g
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
to
p
i
cs,
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
t
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
k
ill
-
b
a
s
ed
s
u
b
jects
th
at
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
u
cc
ess
in
attain
in
g
T
VE
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
f
b
asic
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
p
eten
cies.
L
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
u
tili
zin
g
AR
an
d
v
ir
t
u
a
l
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
t
o
u
tc
o
m
es
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
el
ec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
g
e
o
-
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
3
7
]
.
R
esear
ch
h
as
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
g
r
ea
tly
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
e
f
f
ic
ien
cy
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
ar
ts
,
m
ath
em
atics,
an
d
im
ag
in
ee
r
in
g
[
4
3
]
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
lear
n
in
g
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
h
as
al
s
o
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
f
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
s
k
ills
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
lea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
[
3
1
]
.
C
r
itical
t
h
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
ar
ith
m
etic
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
,
v
er
b
al
an
alo
g
ies,
an
d
3
D
o
b
ject
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
s
o
cial,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
ar
ts
,
an
d
m
ath
em
atics
(
STE
AM
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
ac
t o
f
m
u
ltime
d
ia
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
c
r
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t o
u
tco
m
es in
ST
E
AM
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
tak
es
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
ef
f
e
cts
o
f
a
u
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
-
b
ase
d
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia,
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
cr
itical
t
h
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
,
an
d
th
eir
co
m
b
in
ed
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
h
i
ev
em
en
t
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
h
o
w
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
ab
ilit
ies
in
te
r
s
ec
t
to
en
h
an
ce
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
T
h
e
less
o
n
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
r
esear
c
h
s
er
v
e
as
a
c
r
itical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
o
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
e
ten
cies
ess
en
tial
to
T
VE
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
an
tic
ip
ated
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
p
o
is
ed
t
o
o
f
f
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
lea
r
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ac
tio
n
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
o
th
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
g
o
al
o
f
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
a
h
ig
h
ly
s
k
illed
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
le
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
d
r
i
v
en
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
aim
ed
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
a
n
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
h
o
w
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia
(
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
an
d
g
u
i
d
e
d
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els)
af
f
ec
t
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es;
ii)
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
le
v
els
(
h
ig
h
an
d
lo
w)
in
s
h
ap
in
g
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es;
an
d
iii)
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
e
n
au
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
-
b
ased
m
e
d
ia
an
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
i
n
d
e
ter
m
in
in
g
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
m
e
d
ia
an
d
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
lev
els
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
ed
ac
tio
n
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
a
d
d
r
ess
lo
w
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
elec
tr
ical
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
laid
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies,
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
o
f
T
VE
g
r
a
d
u
ates.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
5
4
5
-
2
5
5
5
2548
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
t
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Me
d
an
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
e
s
ig
n
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
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b
ased
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in
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ep
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ar
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le,
w
h
ich
was
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
two
g
r
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p
s
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s
elf
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ec
ted
lear
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in
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au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
.
SD)
an
d
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
.
GL
)
,
w
i
t
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
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g
o
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t
c
o
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s
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r
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g
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p
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d
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t
v
a
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a
b
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.
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r
i
t
ic
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
o
r
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
,
ca
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
h
ig
h
c
o
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it
y
(
C
T
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H
)
a
n
d
l
o
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c
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ti
v
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t
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C
T
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L
)
.
T
h
e
d
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ta
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y
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m
p
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o
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d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
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a
r
e
p
r
e
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e
n
t
e
d
in
T
ab
le
1
,
w
h
ich
o
u
tlin
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e
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h
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a
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a
cto
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ial
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in
v
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p
ar
ticip
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ts
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with
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h
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d
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A
l
ess
i
a
n
d
T
r
o
ll
i
p
[
4
7
]
.
T
h
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
m
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a
s
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t
t
o
o
l
wa
s
a
d
a
p
ted
f
r
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m
t
h
e
W
a
t
s
o
n
-
G
l
a
s
e
r
c
r
it
i
c
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t
h
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k
i
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a
p
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ea
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g
o
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t
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es
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m
e
n
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w
a
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e
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as
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n
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r
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l
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m
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c
r
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:
i
)
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h
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p
a
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d
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f
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n
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t
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s
,
ii
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t
h
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f
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t
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n
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a
t
h
e
m
at
i
c
s
(
A
N
OV
A
)
ap
p
lied
af
ter
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
ass
u
m
p
ti
o
n
s
[
4
8
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esear
ch
d
esig
n
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
A
u
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
s
e
l
f
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
(
A
1
)
A
u
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
g
u
i
d
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
(
A
2
)
H
i
g
h
(
B
1
)
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
1
Lo
w
(
B
2
)
A
1
B
2
A
2
B
2
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
s
u
b
jects,
co
v
er
in
g
th
r
ee
m
ain
to
p
ics:
i)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
3
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
,
ii)
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
iii)
s
tar
tin
g
a
3
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
c
o
n
t
en
t
was
o
r
g
an
ized
u
s
in
g
AR
m
ed
ia,
s
p
ec
if
ically
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
two
ty
p
es:
AR
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
(
AR
SD
)
an
d
AR
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
(
AR
GL
)
.
T
h
e
AR
SD
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
e
m
p
h
asized
cr
ea
tin
g
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
th
at
p
r
io
r
itized
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
,
w
h
ile
th
e
en
tire
AR
GL
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
n
ee
d
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
g
o
als.
T
h
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
clu
d
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wca
s
es
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
3
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
AR
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
s
tar
tin
g
a
3
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
d
ata
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
t
ical
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
(
S
PS
S)
2
5
.
0
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
s
tatis
t
ical
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
,
w
h
ich
wer
e
v
alid
ate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
r
m
ality
a
n
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
t
ests
u
s
in
g
th
e
one
-
s
am
p
le
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
-
Sm
ir
n
o
v
test
an
d
L
ev
en
e'
s
test
o
f
eq
u
ality
o
f
er
r
o
r
v
ar
ian
ce
s
,
a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
As
in
d
icate
d
in
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
ata
ex
h
ib
ited
a
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
an
d
all
v
ar
iab
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
(
p
>
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
s
tati
s
tical
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
m
et,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
v
alid
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
m
o
d
els.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
co
r
es
in
th
e
m
o
d
els,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
in
m
ea
n
v
alu
es a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Au
g
m
en
ted
-
r
ea
lity
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
3
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
AR
m
ed
ia
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
u
g
men
ted
r
ea
lity le
a
r
n
in
g
med
ia
fo
r
elec
tr
ica
l m
o
to
r
:
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
…
(
B
ima
Mu
s
ta
q
i
m
)
2549
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
d
ia
o
f
s
tar
tin
g
a
3
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
to
r
T
ab
le
2
.
Statis
tics
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
an
aly
s
is
D
a
t
a
N
o
r
mal
i
t
y
t
e
s
t
H
o
mo
g
e
n
e
i
t
y
t
e
s
t
s
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
mes
N
A
sy
mp
.
S
i
g
Le
v
e
n
e
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
S
i
g
.
1
3
8
0
.
3
6
5
1
.
1
7
6
0
.
9
6
4
T
ab
le
3
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
G
r
o
u
p
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
M
e
a
n
S
t
d
.
D
e
v
N
AR
SD
Lo
w
8
3
.
9
1
0
.
7
9
3
38
H
i
g
h
8
7
.
9
4
2
.
2
6
5
35
To
t
a
l
8
5
.
4
3
1
.
5
2
9
73
AR
GL
Lo
w
8
0
.
2
9
1
.
0
0
1
34
H
i
g
h
8
6
.
5
5
1
.
5
4
2
31
To
t
a
l
8
3
.
9
2
1
.
2
7
2
65
To
t
a
l
Lo
w
8
2
.
1
0
0
.
8
9
7
73
H
i
g
h
8
7
.
2
5
1
.
9
0
4
65
To
t
a
l
8
2
.
5
9
3
.
2
0
7
1
3
8
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
t
le
ar
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
v
ar
y
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
AR
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
iu
m
u
s
ed
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
AR
Self
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lea
r
n
in
g
(
AR
SD
)
m
ed
ia
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
etter
th
an
th
o
s
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
AR
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
(
AR
GL
)
m
ed
ia.
T
h
e
AR
SD
g
r
o
u
p
h
ad
a
h
ig
h
er
av
e
r
ag
e
test
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
5
.
4
3
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
8
3
.
9
2
f
o
r
th
e
AR
GL
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
AR
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
with
a
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tin
g
f
o
cu
s
wer
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
v
er
s
u
s
th
o
s
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
o
n
g
u
i
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
lo
wer
b
aselin
e
cr
itical
s
k
ills
attain
ed
a
l
o
wer
av
er
a
g
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
2
.
1
0
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
m
ed
ia
ty
p
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
e
r
ab
ili
ty
p
ee
r
s
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
also
im
p
a
cted
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
AR
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
AR
m
ed
ia
u
s
ed
as
well
as
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
AR
SD
m
ed
ia
d
esig
n
e
d
ar
o
u
n
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tin
g
ap
p
ea
r
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
g
r
ea
ter
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
il
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
er
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
o
v
er
all
ac
h
iev
e
d
h
ig
h
er
o
u
tco
m
es.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tatis
tical
ex
am
in
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
two
-
way
ANOV
A
test
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
an
aly
z
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les,
with
th
ese
r
esu
lts
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
two
-
wa
y
ANOV
A
an
aly
s
is
Te
st
s
o
f
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
-
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
S
o
u
r
c
e
Ty
p
e
I
I
I
su
m o
f
s
q
u
a
r
e
s
df
M
e
a
n
sq
u
a
r
e
F
S
i
g
.
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
mo
d
e
l
1
1
2
3
.
4
5
4
a
3
3
7
4
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4
8
5
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5
9
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5
4
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n
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e
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t
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r
o
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p
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G
r
o
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p
*
C
T
1
5
4
.
9
4
9
1
1
5
4
.
9
4
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6
6
.
0
1
6
0
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0
8
Er
r
o
r
3
1
4
.
5
1
7
1
3
4
2
.
3
4
7
To
t
a
l
9
9
1
0
2
2
.
0
0
0
1
3
8
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
a
l
1
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7
.
9
7
1
1
3
7
a
.
R
S
q
u
a
r
e
d
=
.
7
8
1
(
A
d
j
u
s
t
e
d
R
sq
u
a
r
e
d
=
0
.
7
7
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
5
4
5
-
2
5
5
5
2550
T
h
e
d
ata
in
T
ab
le
4
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
F
v
alu
e
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
ac
r
o
s
s
all
test
ed
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
ia
b
les
u
n
d
e
r
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
e
AR
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
m
ats
an
d
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
in
g
ap
titu
d
e
lev
els,
ex
er
ted
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
F
s
tati
s
tic
o
f
1
5
9
.
5
4
9
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
e
cted
m
o
d
el
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
alu
e
o
f
p
<
0
.
0
5
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
tu
lated
m
o
d
el.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
f
o
llo
ws:
a.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
A
R
m
ed
ia
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
h
ad
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
s
tu
d
en
t a
ch
iev
em
e
n
t in
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
co
u
r
s
es.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
AR
m
u
ltime
d
ia
f
o
r
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
in
in
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
r
esu
lted
in
e
n
h
an
ce
d
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
ef
lec
ted
in
a
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
5
.
4
3
with
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
1
,
5
2
9
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
AR
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
en
h
a
n
ce
d
o
u
tco
m
es
with
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
v
alu
es
o
f
8
3
.
9
2
an
d
1
,
2
7
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
b
r
ief
,
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
AR
m
ed
ia
r
esu
lted
in
s
u
p
er
io
r
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
ea
n
o
f
8
2
.
5
9
a
n
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
1
,
9
0
4
.
b.
Stu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ap
titu
d
e
lev
els
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
lin
k
with
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
in
s
tallatio
n
c
o
u
r
s
e.
Stu
d
en
ts
with
in
f
e
r
io
r
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ca
p
ac
ities
h
ad
a
lo
wer
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
2
.
1
0
an
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
0
.
8
9
7
o
n
ex
a
m
in
at
io
n
s
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
a
s
t,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
h
av
in
g
h
ig
h
er
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
co
r
ed
m
ar
k
e
d
ly
b
etter
,
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
8
7
.
2
5
a
n
d
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
1
,
9
0
4
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
ev
alu
ativ
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
d
iv
er
g
en
ce
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
ar
e
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t
in
th
is
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
with
g
r
ea
ter
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ap
titu
d
e
ar
e
lik
ely
to
ab
s
o
r
b
an
d
a
p
p
ly
th
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
co
n
ce
p
ts
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
lo
wer
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
g
r
asp
t
h
e
tech
n
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
o
u
t
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
g
n
iti
v
e
lev
els
wh
e
n
d
esig
n
in
g
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
th
is
co
u
r
s
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
an
d
alter
n
ativ
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
m
ay
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
lo
wer
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ili
ties
ca
n
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
th
e
m
ater
ial
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
c.
An
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
b
etwe
en
AR
m
ed
ia
-
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
a
n
d
b
aselin
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ov
er
all,
s
tu
d
en
ts
class
if
ied
as
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
d
is
p
lay
ed
s
u
p
er
io
r
m
ea
n
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
es
8
7
.
2
5
r
elativ
e
to
th
eir
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
c
o
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
8
2
.
1
0
.
F
u
r
th
er
s
tr
atif
ied
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
e
als
th
at
f
o
r
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
b
o
t
h
th
e
AR
SD
an
d
AR
GL
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
m
an
if
ested
a
n
alo
g
o
u
s
e
f
f
icac
y
,
y
ield
in
g
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
8
7
.
9
4
an
d
8
6
.
5
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
asy
m
m
etr
y
in
o
u
tco
m
es,
wh
e
r
ein
AR
G
L
as
s
is
ted
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
h
ig
h
er
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
8
3
.
9
1
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
AR
SD
ass
is
ted
lear
n
in
g
8
0
.
2
9
.
T
h
is
d
iv
e
r
g
en
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
cr
itical
t
h
in
k
in
g
f
ac
u
lties
m
ay
m
o
d
er
ate
th
e
m
ar
g
in
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
p
ar
tic
u
lar
AR
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ials
ap
p
ea
r
m
er
ited
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
o
b
e
th
is
p
o
ten
tial a
p
titu
d
e
-
t
r
ea
tm
en
t in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
d.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
lear
n
in
g
aid
e
d
b
y
AR
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia
was
b
en
ef
i
cial
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
all
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
y
lev
els.
Nev
e
r
th
eless
,
th
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
AR
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
ex
h
ib
ited
g
r
ea
ter
v
ar
ian
ce
b
as
ed
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ex
an
te
ca
p
ac
i
ties
-
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies,
y
et
less
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
with
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
wh
ile
AR
GL
m
u
ltim
ed
ia
co
n
f
er
r
e
d
u
n
iv
er
s
al
b
en
ef
its
,
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
co
n
f
er
r
ed
b
y
AR
SD
v
is
u
al
aid
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
co
n
tin
g
en
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
e
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
k
ill
lev
els.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
illu
m
in
ate
a
p
o
ten
tial
ap
titu
d
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
AR
m
ed
i
a
ty
p
es.
Fu
r
th
er
co
n
tr
o
lled
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
d
ir
ec
tly
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
m
ay
b
e
m
er
ited
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
'
s
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
t
h
at
AR
m
u
lti
m
e
d
i
a
c
o
n
f
e
r
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
w
it
h
i
n
s
ci
e
n
ce
a
n
d
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
u
r
s
ew
o
r
k
.
M
an
y
ab
s
t
r
ac
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
t
a
u
g
h
t
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
,
b
u
t
co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
p
ed
a
g
o
g
i
ca
l
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
o
f
t
en
p
r
o
v
e
i
n
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
y
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
ex
,
m
ec
h
an
is
tic
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a.
Ou
r
r
es
u
l
ts
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
v
is
u
al
l
y
-
e
n
r
ic
h
e
d
m
ed
ia
o
n
r
et
e
n
ti
o
n
an
d
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
ele
ct
r
ic
al
m
o
t
o
r
i
n
s
t
all
ati
o
n
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
es
e
c
o
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
s
ali
g
n
wit
h
a
n
d
ex
p
an
d
u
p
o
n
p
ast
s
tu
d
ies
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
u
t
il
ity
o
f
m
u
l
tim
e
d
ia
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
a
l
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
tec
h
n
ic
al
d
o
m
a
in
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
es
e
n
t
r
ese
ar
ch
als
o
m
i
r
r
o
r
s
i
n
v
est
ig
ati
o
n
s
s
p
o
t
li
g
h
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
i
ty
o
f
an
i
m
a
te
d
an
d
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
-
b
ase
d
co
n
t
e
n
t
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
eh
e
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
i
cs
o
f
s
c
ie
n
c
e,
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
an
d
m
at
h
e
m
atics
(
S
T
E
M)
s
y
s
tem
s
[
5
1
]
.
Ul
tim
at
el
y
,
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
a
d
v
a
n
t
ag
e
i
m
p
a
r
te
d
b
y
m
u
l
ti
m
e
d
ia
ai
d
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
t
ial
ly
o
n
d
eli
b
er
ate
,
t
h
eo
r
y
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
d
esi
g
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
s
t
h
at
ali
g
n
w
it
h
l
ea
r
n
e
r
co
g
n
it
io
n
.
L
o
o
k
i
n
g
ah
ea
d
,
in
s
tr
u
ct
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
le
v
er
ag
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
all
y
-
s
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
em
p
i
r
i
ca
l
ly
-
v
al
id
at
ed
m
u
lti
m
e
d
i
a
to
o
ls
t
o
m
a
x
i
m
iz
e
s
ch
o
l
asti
c
ac
h
i
ev
em
en
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
ic
ac
i
es
th
at
d
e
f
i
n
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
s
cie
n
ce
a
n
d
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
u
r
r
ic
u
la
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
m
u
ltime
d
ia
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
d
u
r
in
g
elec
tr
ical
m
o
to
r
i
n
s
tallatio
n
s
ess
io
n
s
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
5
.
2
9
.
T
h
ese
o
u
tco
m
es
alig
n
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
u
g
men
ted
r
ea
lity le
a
r
n
in
g
med
ia
fo
r
elec
tr
ica
l m
o
to
r
:
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
…
(
B
ima
Mu
s
ta
q
i
m
)
2551
em
p
lo
y
ed
AR
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
ef
f
icac
y
i
n
en
h
an
ci
n
g
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
an
d
elec
tr
ical
d
o
m
ai
n
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
h
o
w
AR
m
ed
ia
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
s
cien
ce
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
alig
n
in
g
with
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
[
5
3
]
.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
s
et
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
al
y
s
is
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
tak
in
g
in
to
a
cc
o
u
n
t
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ca
p
ac
ities
an
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els.
B
ased
o
n
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
h
o
wed
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
m
ed
ia
th
at
u
s
es
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
,
s
u
ch
as
AR
SD
an
d
AR
GL
,
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
t
h
er
m
u
ltime
d
ia
m
o
d
els,
it
h
ad
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
f
av
o
r
ab
le
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
s
h
o
wed
b
etter
l
ea
r
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
th
an
th
o
s
e
wit
h
p
o
o
r
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
wh
en
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
y
wer
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t.
W
h
e
n
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
an
d
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
AR
G
L
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
ed
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
h
ig
h
an
d
lo
w
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
s
tu
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
was
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
an
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
with
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
r
o
le
o
f
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
i
n
d
eter
m
in
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
AR
m
ed
ia.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
ast
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
ested
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
cr
i
tical
th
in
k
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
o
n
s
ch
o
last
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics
an
d
b
asic
elec
tr
o
n
ics
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
5
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
o
n
in
tr
ic
ate
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
,
an
d
it
also
m
ak
es
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
s
u
cc
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
f
ield
s
[
3
6
]
,
[
5
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
em
er
g
ed
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iab
le
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
u
cc
ess
,
im
p
ac
tin
g
n
o
t o
n
ly
in
p
h
y
s
ics b
u
t a
ls
o
in
STE
M
d
is
cip
lin
es
[
5
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
p
r
ep
a
r
in
g
m
u
ltime
d
ia
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ie
d
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
AR
SD
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
b
y
task
b
lo
ck
d
esig
n
,
f
ac
ilit
ated
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
b
y
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
em
p
lo
y
h
ig
h
e
r
-
o
r
d
er
t
h
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
an
d
p
er
s
ev
er
an
ce
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
ac
h
iev
ed
s
u
p
er
io
r
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
wh
er
ea
s
th
o
s
e
with
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
d
id
n
o
t
attain
o
p
tim
al
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
e
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
o
f
f
e
r
ed
less
o
n
m
ater
ials
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
an
d
with
u
n
r
estri
cted
ac
ce
s
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
in
b
o
th
h
ig
h
an
d
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
g
r
o
u
p
s
m
ay
attain
id
ea
l
r
esu
lts
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
AR
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tin
g
lear
n
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
f
ea
t
u
r
ed
a
p
ar
allel
an
d
o
p
e
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
teac
h
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
lo
w
cr
itica
l
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
u
s
e
AR
GL
m
ed
ia,
wh
ile
th
o
s
e
with
h
ig
h
cr
itic
al
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
AR
GL
an
d
AR
SD
,
as b
o
th
ar
e
e
q
u
ally
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
th
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
g
r
ea
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
in
teac
h
i
n
g
a
b
s
tr
ac
t
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
u
b
jects
b
y
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
t
ellig
en
ce
to
tu
r
n
ab
s
tr
ac
t
id
ea
s
in
to
tan
g
ib
le
v
is
u
als.
I
n
ele
ctr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
e
r
e
lear
n
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
ar
e
s
till
p
r
esen
t,
esp
ec
i
ally
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
o
o
r
ly
,
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ater
ia
ls
s
h
o
w
p
r
o
m
is
e
as
a
way
t
o
e
n
h
an
ce
lear
n
in
g
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
ele
ctr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
i
liti
es
ar
e
a
m
ajo
r
f
ac
to
r
in
d
et
er
m
in
in
g
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
u
cc
ess
,
h
en
ce
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
s
u
ch
m
ed
ia
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
m
atch
in
g
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
led
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
:
au
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
ia,
b
o
th
A
R
.
SD
an
d
AR
.
GL
,
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
en
h
an
ci
n
g
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
C
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
elec
tr
ical
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
with
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
h
ig
h
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies (
C
T
.
H)
ac
h
iev
in
g
b
etter
r
esu
lts
th
an
th
o
s
e
with
lo
w
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies (
C
T
.
L
)
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
wh
et
h
er
th
ey
u
s
ed
AR
.
SD
o
r
AR
.
GL
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
m
ed
ia
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
lev
els.
T
h
e
C
T
.
H
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
o
wed
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
with
b
o
th
AR
.
SD
an
d
AR
.
GL
,
wh
ile
th
e
C
T
.
L
g
r
o
u
p
was
o
n
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
with
AR
.
GL
,
an
d
AR
.
SD d
id
n
o
t y
i
eld
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
m
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
th
at
lectu
r
er
s
teac
h
in
g
elec
tr
ical
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
u
r
s
es
u
tili
ze
th
e
g
u
id
ed
lear
n
in
g
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
l
ity
(
AR
.
GL
)
m
ed
ia.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
was
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
AR
.
GL
m
e
d
ia
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
b
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
t
h
eir
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies,
wh
eth
er
h
i
g
h
o
r
lo
w.
W
ith
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
elec
tr
i
ca
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it
is
an
ticip
ated
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
m
p
eten
ce
a
n
d
ex
p
er
tis
e
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ele
ctr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
will
also
im
p
r
o
v
e
,
u
ltima
tely
en
h
an
c
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates a
n
d
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
th
em
to
m
ee
t th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
Au
th
o
r
th
a
n
k
s
to
Un
iv
e
r
s
itas
Neg
er
i M
ed
an
wh
o
h
av
e
h
elp
e
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
th
e
r
esear
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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No
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3
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J
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20
25
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2
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F
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Mu
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Am
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C
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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T
h
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d
ata
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u
p
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y
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co
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th
r
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f
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s
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au
th
o
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,
BM
,
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r
esp
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in
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au
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,
AM
S
,
u
p
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s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
Du
e
to
p
r
iv
ac
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a
n
d
eth
ical
c
o
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
s
,
s
o
m
e
d
ata
m
a
y
b
e
s
u
b
ject
to
ac
ce
s
s
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
G
r
o
s
c
h
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
f
o
r
TV
ET
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
A
S
EA
N
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s,”
J
u
r
n
a
l
P
e
n
d
i
d
i
k
a
n
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
d
a
n
K
e
j
u
r
u
a
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
2
8
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
8
3
1
/
j
p
t
k
.
v
2
3
i
3
.
1
3
4
1
8
.
[
2
]
J
.
Y
u
n
o
s
,
L
.
C
h
e
e
,
S
.
P
h
,
T
.
T
z
e
,
K
.
P
h
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
.
M
.
E
d
,
“
T
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
”
i
n
A
n
n
u
a
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
i
n
a
r
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
L
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
7
–
14.
[
3
]
S
.
S
e
t
i
y
a
w
a
m
i
,
S
.
S
u
g
i
y
o
,
S
.
S
u
g
i
y
o
n
o
,
a
n
d
T
.
R
a
h
a
r
d
j
o
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
4
.
0
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
”
I
C
O
N
E
C
T
2
0
1
9
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
2
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
ren
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
u
l
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
C
O
N
EC
T
2
0
1
9
,
2
0
-
2
1
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
1
9
,
K
u
d
u
s,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
p
p
.
3
–
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
1
0
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a
i
.
2
0
-
8
-
2
0
1
9
.
2
2
8
8
0
8
9
.
[
4
]
E.
P
a
n
g
,
M
.
W
o
n
g
,
C
.
H
.
Le
u
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
C
o
o
mb
e
s,
“
C
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
f
o
r
f
r
e
sh
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s’
s
u
c
c
e
ss
a
t
w
o
r
k
:
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
f
e
mp
l
o
y
e
r
s
,
”
I
n
d
u
s
t
ry
a
n
d
H
i
g
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
5
–
6
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
9
5
0
4
2
2
2
1
8
7
9
2
3
3
3
.
[
5
]
C
.
M
u
sy
i
mi
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
s
k
i
l
l
s
t
o
u
n
l
o
c
k
K
e
n
y
a
’
s
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
:
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
i
n
TV
ET
i
n
K
e
n
y
a
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
S
E
-
C
a
s
e
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
,
p
p
.
1
8
2
–
1
9
1
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
6
0
5
9
/
j
l
4
d
.
v
8
i
1
.
4
1
4
.
[
6
]
T.
N
.
G
o
r
b
u
n
o
v
a
,
E
.
V
P
a
p
c
h
e
n
k
o
,
R
.
I
.
B
a
z
h
e
n
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a
li
ty
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
fo
r
p
o
we
rs
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s,
a
n
d
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
u
sta
q
im.b
ima
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Abd
u
l
Mu
i
n
S
ib
u
e
a
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
p
o
st
g
ra
d
u
a
te
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
e
d
a
n
S
tat
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
M
e
d
a
n
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
S
tate
IKIP
o
f
M
e
d
a
n
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
i
n
1
9
8
3
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
m
a
g
ister
d
e
g
re
e
in
Vo
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
S
tate
IKIP
o
f
Ja
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
1
9
8
7
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
e
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rsh
i
p
,
lea
rn
in
g
stra
teg
ies
,
sta
ti
stics
,
a
n
d
re
s
e
a
rc
h
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
si
b
u
e
a
.
m
u
i
n
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
S
a
h
a
t
S
ia
g
ia
n
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
t
h
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
lec
tu
re
r
in
t
h
e
p
o
stg
ra
d
u
a
te
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
e
d
a
n
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
M
e
d
a
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
Co
m
p
lete
d
h
is
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
ie
s
a
t
IKIP
M
e
d
a
n
m
a
jo
ri
n
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
in
1
9
8
6
.
T
h
e
n
h
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
d
h
is
m
a
ste
rs
a
t
IKIP
M
a
lan
g
m
a
jo
rin
g
in
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
g
ra
d
u
a
te
d
in
1
9
9
7
.
He
a
lso
e
a
rn
e
d
a
d
o
c
t
o
ra
te
d
e
g
re
e
.
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
2
0
0
6
a
t
Ja
k
a
rta
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsi
ty
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
i
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
p
ro
g
r
a
m
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
v
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
t
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sa
h
a
t.
s
g
n
6
1
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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