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last
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R
ef
lectiv
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T
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is i
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rticle
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CC B
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C
o
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r
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s
p
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uth
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r
:
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Ab
d
u
llah
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is
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Per
m
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ain
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ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
An
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
e
lectr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
h
as
ca
u
s
ed
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
r
a
d
iatio
n
in
o
u
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
o
llu
tio
n
h
as
r
aise
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t p
o
ten
tial h
ea
lt
h
r
is
k
s
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
s
en
s
itiv
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
o
win
g
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
E
MI
)
an
d
p
r
o
tect
ag
ain
s
t
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
r
ad
iatio
n
[
3
]
.
Var
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
r
ad
iatio
n
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
g
r
o
wi
n
g
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es,
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
W
i
-
Fi,
B
lu
eto
o
th
d
ev
ices,
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
d
ev
ices,
5
G
n
et
wo
r
k
s
,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
ac
r
o
s
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
[
4
]
.
W
h
ile
r
esear
ch
i
s
o
n
g
o
in
g
,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
i
n
d
icate
d
p
o
ten
tial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
s
(
E
MFs)
an
d
h
ea
lth
is
s
u
e
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
d
ac
h
es,
f
atig
u
e,
s
leep
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
ten
ti
al
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
ce
r
tain
ca
n
ce
r
s
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
r
em
ai
n
s
in
co
n
clu
s
iv
e
[
5
]
.
E
MI
ca
n
also
h
av
e
a
n
o
tab
le
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
en
s
itiv
e
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t in
m
e
d
ical,
av
iatio
n
,
s
ci
en
tific
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
f
ield
s
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
em
a
n
d
h
as
r
esu
lted
in
a
g
r
ea
ter
n
ee
d
t
o
r
ed
u
c
e
E
MI
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
h
ield
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
E
MI
-
r
esis
tan
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f m
icro
w
a
ve
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
a
n
ti
-
r
a
d
ia
tio
n
…
(
Lin
d
a
Mo
h
d
K
a
s
im
)
2901
d
esig
n
,
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
h
as
led
to
th
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
E
MI
s
h
ield
in
g
m
ater
ials
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
r
ec
y
cled
an
d
b
i
o
d
eg
r
ad
ab
le
m
ater
ials
,
as
well
as
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
m
itig
atio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
es.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
o
b
s
tacle
s
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
h
ar
m
o
n
io
u
s
b
ala
n
ce
b
etwe
en
E
MI
p
r
o
tec
tio
n
,
d
e
v
ice
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
an
d
ae
s
th
etics,
as
well
as
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
f
in
d
in
g
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
l
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
k
ee
p
in
g
u
p
with
th
e
s
wif
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
wir
eless
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
7
]
.
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
wir
eless
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
E
MI
m
itig
atio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
cr
u
cial,
cr
ea
tin
g
ch
all
en
g
es
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
ex
p
er
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
wa
y
s
to
tack
le
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
o
llu
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
8
]
.
B
u
ild
in
g
m
ater
ials
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
u
n
wan
te
d
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
wav
es
h
as
g
ain
ed
atten
tio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
o
llu
tio
n
[
9
]
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
th
e
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
r
is
in
g
in
ter
est
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
cr
ea
tin
g
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
b
u
ild
in
g
m
ater
ials
th
at
s
er
v
e
m
u
ltip
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
waste
m
ater
ials
in
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
elem
e
n
ts
p
r
o
m
o
tes
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
p
last
ic
waste
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ch
allen
g
e
h
as
in
ten
s
if
ied
,
wit
h
m
illi
o
n
s
o
f
to
n
s
o
f
p
last
ic
waste
g
en
er
ated
an
n
u
ally
.
R
ec
y
clin
g
an
d
r
ep
u
r
p
o
s
in
g
p
last
ic
waste
in
to
v
al
u
e
-
ad
d
ed
p
r
o
d
u
cts
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
cr
itical
ar
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
cir
cu
lar
ec
o
n
o
m
y
p
r
in
cip
les.
R
ec
y
cled
p
last
ic
p
o
ly
eth
y
len
e
ter
ep
h
th
alate
(
PET
)
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
o
r
its
u
s
e
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
th
at
o
f
f
er
b
en
e
f
its
s
u
ch
as
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
an
d
wate
r
r
esis
tan
ce
[
1
2
]
.
PE
T
is
a
r
i
g
id
,
f
ir
m
,
r
o
b
u
s
t,
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
ally
s
tab
le
m
ater
ial
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
as
a
r
aw
m
ater
ial
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
f
item
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
f
t
d
r
in
k
b
o
ttles
,
f
o
o
d
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
co
n
tain
er
s
,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
g
o
o
d
s
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
ec
y
cl
ed
PET
in
co
n
cr
ete
an
d
m
o
r
tar
m
ix
es,
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
,
d
u
ctility
,
a
n
d
cr
ac
k
r
esis
tan
ce
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Stu
d
ies
also
in
d
icate
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
o
f
s
an
d
with
PE
T
p
last
ic
waste
r
esu
lts
in
lig
h
t
er
b
r
ick
s
[
1
6
]
.
Pa
lm
o
il
f
u
e
l
a
s
h
(
PO
F
A)
is
a
b
y
-
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
o
f
th
e
p
alm
o
i
l
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
s
u
b
je
ct
o
f
in
t
er
e
s
t
t
o
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
f
o
r
i
t
s
p
o
ten
ti
al
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
a
s
a
s
u
p
p
l
em
en
tar
y
ce
m
en
ti
tio
u
s
m
ate
r
i
al
an
d
a
s
a
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
-
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
m
a
ter
ia
l.
P
O
FA
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
c
i
n
er
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
o
l
id
wa
s
t
e
g
en
er
at
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
alm
o
i
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
io
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
a
lm
k
er
n
el
s
h
e
ll
s
,
m
e
s
o
ca
r
p
f
ib
er
s
,
an
d
em
p
ty
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
w
a
s
t
e
i
s
th
en
b
u
r
n
ed
to
f
u
n
ct
io
n
a
s
a
b
o
il
er
f
u
el
to
g
en
er
a
te
el
ec
tr
i
ci
ty
in
p
a
lm
o
il
m
i
ll
s
o
r
p
o
we
r
p
la
n
t
s
,
wi
th
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
te
ly
5
%
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
ted
s
o
l
id
wa
s
te
b
e
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
P
O
FA
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
il
ic
a
co
n
t
en
t
o
f
P
OF
A
m
ak
e
s
it
an
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
p
o
zz
o
lan
ic
m
at
er
ia
l
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
en
h
an
cin
g
co
n
cr
e
te
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
u
r
ab
i
li
ty
[
1
8
]
.
Stu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
P
OF
A
co
n
ta
in
s
e
lem
en
ts
s
u
c
h
as
ca
r
b
o
n
an
d
i
r
o
n
o
x
id
e
th
a
t
ca
n
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
ly
to
m
ic
r
o
w
av
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
1
9
]
.
C
ar
b
o
n
(
C
)
i
s
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
-
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
e
le
m
en
t
d
u
e
t
o
it
s
e
le
ctr
ic
al
co
n
d
u
c
ti
v
i
ty
an
d
ab
il
i
ty
to
c
o
n
v
er
t
m
i
cr
o
wav
e
en
er
g
y
i
n
to
h
ea
t.
I
r
o
n
I
I
I
o
x
i
d
e
(
F
e2
O3
)
p
r
e
s
en
t
in
PO
F
A
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
m
i
cr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
s
m
ag
n
e
ti
c
p
r
o
p
er
ti
e
s
.
Oth
er
el
em
en
t
s
co
n
ta
in
ed
in
PO
F
A
ar
e
s
il
ico
n
d
io
x
id
e
(
Si
O2
)
,
c
al
ciu
m
o
x
id
e
(
C
aO
)
,
al
u
m
in
u
m
o
x
id
e
(
Al2
O3
)
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
m
et
al
o
x
id
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
i
el
ec
tr
i
c
p
r
o
p
er
t
ie
s
o
f
P
OF
A
w
it
h
h
ig
h
d
i
el
ec
tr
ic
co
n
s
t
an
t
an
d
lo
s
s
t
an
g
en
t
s
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
m
a
te
r
i
al
s
’
in
t
er
a
ct
io
n
w
ith
m
ic
r
o
w
av
e
a
n
d
d
is
s
ip
a
te
th
e
en
er
g
y
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
r
o
u
s
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
P
O
FA
,
d
u
e
to
it
s
ca
r
b
o
n
co
n
te
n
t,
wi
ll
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
ab
il
i
ty
o
f
th
e
m
at
er
i
al
s
t
o
ab
s
o
r
b
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
l
tip
le
in
t
er
n
al
r
ef
le
ct
io
n
s
an
d
s
c
at
ter
in
g
o
f
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
A
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
en
g
th
co
n
cr
e
t
e
c
an
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
P
O
F
A,
as
i
t c
an
s
er
v
e
a
s
a
p
o
zz
o
lan
ic
m
a
te
r
i
al
to
en
h
a
n
ce
d
u
r
ab
il
i
ty
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
b
y
l
e
s
s
en
in
g
th
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t.
Hen
c
e,
in
co
n
cr
et
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
,
PO
F
A
p
l
ay
s
a
h
u
g
e
r
o
l
e
in
cr
e
at
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
er
,
d
en
s
er
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
u
r
a
b
le
co
n
c
r
e
te
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
is
p
r
o
v
e
n
th
at
p
a
lm
f
ib
e
r
h
a
s
a
n
o
tab
ly
h
ig
h
a
s
h
co
n
ten
t
o
f
9
.
8
4
%,
wi
th
ca
r
b
o
n
co
n
s
ti
t
u
tin
g
4
3
.
2
5
%
o
f
i
t
s
co
m
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
.
P
OF
A
co
n
t
ain
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
am
o
u
n
t o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
th
a
t
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
s
to
m
i
cr
o
wa
v
e
ab
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
d
u
e
to
it
s
el
ec
tr
i
ca
l
co
n
d
u
c
tiv
it
y
ab
il
i
ty
t
o
co
n
v
er
t
e
le
ctr
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
en
er
g
y
in
to
h
e
at
[
1
9
]
.
O
th
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
in
P
O
FA
in
c
lu
d
e
s
ir
o
n
I
I
I
o
x
id
e
(
F
e2
O3
)
wh
i
ch
h
a
s
m
ag
n
et
ic
p
r
o
p
er
t
ie
s
th
a
t
lea
d
to
m
i
cr
o
wa
v
e
ab
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
w
h
en
in
t
er
a
ct
in
g
wi
th
e
le
ct
r
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
wav
es
[
2
5
]
.
P
O
FA
al
s
o
co
n
t
ain
s
o
th
e
r
e
lem
en
t
s
th
a
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
e
t
o
i
t
s
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
s
i
l
ico
n
d
io
x
id
e
(
S
iO
2
)
,
ca
lc
iu
m
o
x
id
e
(
C
aO
)
,
a
lu
m
in
u
m
o
x
id
e
(
Al2
O3
)
an
d
v
a
r
io
u
s
m
et
al
o
x
id
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
ca
n
af
f
e
ct
th
e
d
ie
le
ctr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
t
ie
s
o
f
th
e
m
a
ter
ia
l
a
s
th
ey
in
ter
ac
t w
i
th
e
le
ctr
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
wav
e
s
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
-
b
r
ick
co
m
p
o
s
ite
u
s
in
g
p
o
ly
eth
y
len
e
ter
ep
h
th
alate
(
PET
)
p
last
ic
waste
an
d
b
io
m
ass
m
ater
ial
(
P
OFA)
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
-
b
r
ick
co
m
p
o
s
ites
ac
r
o
s
s
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
GHz
to
1
2
GHz
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
th
r
ee
b
r
ick
s
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
o
f
POFA
(
5
%,
1
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%)
ar
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
POFA
v
ar
ies
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
elem
en
ts
in
PO
FA
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
last
ic
waste
is
s
et
to
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
.
Fix
in
g
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
p
last
ic
waste
at
1
0
%
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
p
last
ic
waste
co
n
ten
t
wh
ile
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
POFA.
T
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
r
ick
s
was
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
t
h
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
c
em
en
t
b
r
ick
s
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
b
r
ic
k
was
test
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
it
m
et
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
tr
en
g
th
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
je
ct
m
ak
es
an
im
p
ac
t
b
y
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
last
ic
wast
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
2
9
0
0
-
2
9
1
0
2902
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
v
o
lv
es
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
a
tin
g
an
ti
-
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ick
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
PET
an
d
POFA
as
k
ey
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
m
ater
ials
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
in
g
,
m
ix
i
n
g
,
m
o
ld
in
g
,
d
r
y
in
g
a
n
d
cu
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t a
n
d
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
u
s
in
g
h
ig
h
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ax
ial
-
l
in
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
b
es
an
d
v
ec
to
r
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
ze
r
s
(
VNA)
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
ick
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
NR
L
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
m
et
h
o
d
ac
r
o
s
s
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
GHz
to
1
2
GHz
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
b
r
ick
s
is
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
test
s
.
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
ls
prepa
ra
t
io
n
T
h
e
PET
m
ater
ial
u
tili
ze
d
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
Glo
wm
o
r
e
E
x
p
r
ess
Sd
n
B
h
d
,
lo
c
ated
in
No
r
t
h
Po
r
t
Klan
g
,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
I
t
is
a
b
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
g
en
e
r
ated
f
r
o
m
s
h
r
e
d
d
ed
b
o
ttles
.
T
h
e
PET
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
m
m
in
s
ize.
POFA
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
a
p
alm
o
il
m
ill
f
ac
to
r
y
s
itu
ated
in
Pad
a
n
g
Ser
ai,
Ked
ah
,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
Or
d
in
ar
y
Po
r
tlan
d
ce
m
en
t
a
n
d
f
i
n
e
ag
g
r
eg
ates
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
b
ase
m
ate
r
ials
f
o
r
th
e
b
r
ick
s
.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
a
n
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ick
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ce
m
en
t
as
a
b
in
d
er
an
d
wate
r
.
T
h
e
ce
m
en
t
b
in
d
er
to
a
g
g
r
e
g
ate
r
atio
is
s
et
to
1
:3
.
C
ar
ef
u
l
s
e
lectio
n
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
m
ater
ials
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
last
ic
b
r
ick
ab
s
o
r
b
er
.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
a
n
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ic
k
was
s
tar
ted
b
y
m
ak
i
n
g
a
f
ew
s
am
p
les
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
POFA
an
d
PET
th
at
wo
u
ld
g
iv
e
t
h
e
d
esire
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
an
d
th
e
r
esis
t
iv
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e.
T
h
r
ee
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
b
r
ick
m
ix
es
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
as
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
wate
r
-
to
-
ce
m
en
t
(
w/c)
r
atio
is
s
et
to
0
.
5
f
o
r
all
m
ix
es
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
ad
eq
u
ate
wo
r
k
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
PET
is
s
et
to
1
0
%
wh
ile
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
POFA
is
v
ar
ied
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
POFA
o
n
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ial.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ater
i
al
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
P
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
C
e
me
n
t
B
i
n
d
e
r
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
P
O
F
A
(
%)
C
e
me
n
t
(
%)
P
ET
(
%)
S
a
n
d
(
%)
S
B
1
5
60
10
65
S
B
2
10
60
10
65
S
B
3
30
60
10
65
2
.
2
.
F
a
brica
t
io
n
o
f
a
nti
-
ra
dia
t
io
n
pla
s
t
ic
ce
m
ent
brick
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ject,
t
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
ti
-
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ick
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ize
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
b
r
ick
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
2
0
0
m
m
in
len
g
th
,
1
0
0
m
m
in
wid
th
,
an
d
6
0
m
m
i
n
h
eig
h
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ick
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
wa
s
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
y
m
ix
in
g
PET
a
n
d
POFA
with
o
th
er
b
r
ick
m
ater
ials
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ce
m
en
t,
s
an
d
,
an
d
wate
r
.
T
h
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
was
m
ix
ed
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
u
s
in
g
a
m
ix
er
in
th
e
C
o
n
cr
ete
L
ab
,
UiT
M
Pu
lau
Pi
n
an
g
,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
e
d
r
y
in
g
r
e
d
ien
ts
(
s
an
d
,
POFA,
an
d
ce
m
en
t)
wer
e
f
ir
s
t
m
ix
e
d
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
wate
r
wh
ic
h
was a
d
d
ed
g
r
ad
u
ally
wh
ile
m
ix
i
n
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
PET
was a
d
d
ed
i
n
th
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
as
th
e
f
ib
er
to
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e.
On
ce
all
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wer
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
m
ix
ed
,
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
was
p
o
u
r
e
d
in
to
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
o
l
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
co
ated
with
o
il.
T
h
e
b
r
ick
s
wer
e
lef
t
to
cu
r
e
a
t
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
b
ef
o
r
e
d
e
m
o
ld
in
g
an
d
th
en
lef
t
to
d
r
y
ag
ain
f
o
r
an
o
th
e
r
co
u
p
l
e
o
f
d
ay
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
r
ic
k
’
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
2
0
0
m
m
1
0
0
m
m
6
0
m
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Desig
n
a
n
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
ic
k
2
.
3
.
NRL f
re
e
s
pa
ce
a
rc
h r
ef
lect
iv
it
y
mea
s
urem
ent
T
h
e
n
a
v
al
r
esear
ch
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
(
NR
L
)
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
ar
c
h
r
ef
l
ec
tiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
s
etu
p
i
s
a
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
m
icr
o
wa
v
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
s
i
n
a
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
is
s
etu
p
,
an
a
r
ch
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f m
icro
w
a
ve
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
a
n
ti
-
r
a
d
ia
tio
n
…
(
Lin
d
a
Mo
h
d
K
a
s
im
)
2903
s
h
ap
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
wo
o
d
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
ir
ec
t
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
es,
o
f
ten
in
th
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
-
wa
v
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
u
s
es
a
f
r
ee
-
s
p
ac
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
etu
p
th
at
in
clu
d
es
a
p
air
o
f
an
ten
n
as,
a
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
a
an
d
a
r
e
ce
iv
in
g
an
te
n
n
a,
w
h
ich
ar
e
p
l
ac
ed
f
ac
in
g
a
m
etal
p
late
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
wa
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
p
lacin
g
th
e
an
t
i
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
b
r
ick
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
ar
ch
wh
ile
two
an
ten
n
as we
r
e
p
u
t p
er
p
en
d
icu
la
r
to
th
e
b
r
ick
s
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
is
th
en
em
itted
to
war
d
s
th
e
b
r
ick
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
lecte
d
s
ig
n
al
is
th
en
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
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e
s
etu
p
u
s
u
ally
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clu
d
es
s
p
ec
ialized
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ip
m
en
t
s
u
ch
as
a
v
ec
to
r
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
ze
r
(
VN
A)
,
an
d
th
e
d
ata
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
r
o
m
1
to
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2
GHz
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
ar
c
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
eth
o
d
s
.
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h
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
ar
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t setu
p
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ma
ter
ial
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
in
g
Mix
in
g
Mo
ld
in
g
Dr
y
in
g
an
d
cu
r
i
n
g
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t b
r
ick
M
e
t
a
l
p
l
a
t
e
V
e
c
t
o
r
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
r
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
n
t
i
-
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
s
t
i
c
c
e
m
e
n
t
b
r
i
c
k
60
°
30
°
0
°
60
°
30
°
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fre
e
s
p
ac
e
a
r
ch
r
e
f
le
ctiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t setu
p
2
.
4
.
Co
m
press
iv
e
s
t
re
ng
t
h t
est
As
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
an
a
u
to
m
atic
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
ac
h
in
e
was
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
p
r
o
ject
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
test
o
n
S
B
1
,
SB
2
,
an
d
SB
3
.
T
h
e
b
r
ic
k
was p
o
s
itio
n
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ly
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
test
m
ac
h
in
e’
s
tw
o
f
lat,
cir
c
u
lar
p
lates.
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
d
o
o
r
was
th
en
cl
o
s
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
with
th
e
test
d
u
e
to
s
af
ety
h
az
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
b
o
tto
m
p
late
will
b
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
clo
s
e
to
th
e
test
o
b
ject
to
ap
p
ly
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
will
r
u
n
.
I
t
ta
k
e
s
s
ev
er
al
m
in
u
tes
u
n
til
th
e
b
r
ick
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
m
p
r
ess
ed
co
m
p
letely
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
s
to
p
p
ed
,
it
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
a
t
th
e
b
r
ick
s
wer
e
cr
u
s
h
ed
,
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
b
r
ick
ea
r
lier
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r
elea
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
r
ea
d
in
g
was r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
m
ac
h
in
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
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N
T
h
e
m
icr
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wav
e
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s
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m
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ick
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ed
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lid
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r
ad
iatio
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ic
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ick
s
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am
el
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SB
1
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SB
2
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d
SB
3
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e
ev
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lu
ated
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s
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g
th
e
NR
L
f
r
ee
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ac
e
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eth
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v
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f
r
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g
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o
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Hz.
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h
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
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g
e
co
v
er
s
L
-
b
an
d
(
1
-
2
GHz
)
,
S
-
b
an
d
(
2
-
4
GHz
)
,
C
-
b
an
d
(4
-
8
GHz
)
an
d
X
-
b
an
d
(
8
-
1
2
GHz
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
1
0
0
m
m
an
d
6
0
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
es
a
t
an
in
cid
en
t
an
g
le
o
f
0
°
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
test
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
r
ick
co
m
p
li
es
with
Ma
lay
s
ian
Stan
d
ar
d
MS
7
6
:1
9
7
2
.
3
.
1
.
Ref
lec
t
iv
it
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perf
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rm
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nc
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o
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nti
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r
a
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io
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s
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t
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hick
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s
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e
r
ef
lectiv
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er
f
o
r
m
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n
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o
f
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o
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r
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ick
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o
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itio
n
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o
f
6
0
m
m
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ick
n
ess
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s
tr
ated
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
is
th
en
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
th
e
L
-
b
an
d
,
S
-
b
an
d
,
C
-
b
an
d
an
d
X
-
b
an
d
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
o
m
m
er
cial
b
r
ick
(
C
B
)
is
u
s
ed
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
b
r
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ck
to
s
er
v
e
as
a
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
t
h
e
an
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
b
r
ick
(
SB
1
,
SB
2
an
d
SB
3
)
co
n
tain
i
n
g
PET
an
d
POFA.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
b
r
ic
k
is
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
in
e
v
alu
at
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
b
r
ick
s
in
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
a
n
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
b
r
ick
f
o
r
6
0
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
L
-
b
an
d
S
-
b
an
d
C
-
b
an
d
X
-
b
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
L
-
b
an
d
,
S
-
b
an
d
,
C
-
b
an
d
an
d
X
-
b
an
d
f
o
r
6
0
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
o
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p
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n
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ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
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f m
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ve
a
b
s
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r
p
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n
p
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r
ma
n
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r
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…
(
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2905
I
n
th
e
L
-
b
an
d
,
all
b
r
ick
s
s
h
o
w
s
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m
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
u
t
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e
r
elativ
ely
lo
w.
SB
1
s
h
o
ws
s
o
m
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
b
u
t
f
lu
ctu
ates
ar
o
u
n
d
-
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ad
d
in
g
a
s
m
all
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
POFA
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
at
lo
wer
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies.
I
n
t
h
e
S
-
b
an
d
,
C
B
co
n
tin
u
es
to
s
h
o
w
m
in
im
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
SB
1
s
h
o
ws
an
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
with
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
lev
els
r
ea
ch
in
g
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
-
5
0
d
B
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
at
-
3
0
d
B
.
SB
2
an
d
SB
3
p
er
f
o
r
m
g
o
o
d
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
wh
o
le
b
an
d
b
etwe
en
-
1
0
d
B
to
-
2
0
d
B
.
I
n
th
e
C
-
b
a
n
d
,
all
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
b
r
ic
k
s
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
C
B
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
SB
1
s
h
o
ws
s
tr
o
n
g
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
with
m
u
ltip
le
d
ip
s
u
p
to
-
4
0
d
B
.
S
B
2
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
b
an
d
.
SB
3
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
as
th
e
b
est
in
th
is
b
an
d
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
b
elo
w
-
3
0
d
B
to
-
50
d
B
.
I
n
th
e
X
-
b
an
d
,
SB
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
th
is
b
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ar
o
u
n
d
-
2
0
d
B
.
I
n
th
is
b
an
d
,
SB
2
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
est
in
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
u
p
t
o
-
3
0
d
B
an
d
-
4
0
d
B
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
th
is
b
an
d
,
SB
3
m
ain
tain
an
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
r
o
u
n
d
-
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
r
ef
le
ct
iv
ity
o
f
th
e
b
r
ick
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
6
0
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
th
e
b
r
ick
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
6
0
m
m
t
h
ick
n
ess
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
d
B
)
CB
S
B
1
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2
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M
i
n
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a
x
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n
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a
x
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n
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a
x
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n
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2
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3
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3
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4
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3
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3
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7
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5
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7
3
2
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n
d
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6
.
1
6
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9
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3
8
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9
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7
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3
5
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4
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8
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5
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4
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8
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4
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7
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7
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2
2
3
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3
.
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Ref
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m
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ess
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ill
u
s
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ated
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Fig
u
r
e
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.
I
n
t
h
is
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d
y
,
C
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er
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es
as
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n
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o
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er
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.
T
h
e
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ar
is
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e
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atin
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s
o
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o
f
th
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p
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im
en
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ick
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elativ
e
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n
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wh
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n
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e
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ick
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ess
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ed
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h
is
a
llo
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b
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n
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er
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ter
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ick
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ess
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lu
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s
th
e
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e
r
f
o
r
m
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ce
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f
ea
c
h
b
r
ick
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m
p
o
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itio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
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ef
lectiv
ity
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d
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
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h
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g
r
a
p
h
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
is
s
u
b
d
iv
id
ed
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n
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
L
-
b
a
n
d
,
S
-
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d
,
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b
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,
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esp
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ex
h
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its
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m
icr
o
w
av
e
ab
s
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r
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r
eq
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b
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d
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m
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r
ed
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2
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3
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I
n
th
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,
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s
h
o
ws
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.
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ex
h
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it
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s
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r
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r
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tely
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th
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s
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o
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n
th
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b
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n
d
,
SB
3
d
em
o
n
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ate
th
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b
est
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s
o
r
p
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m
-
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to
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.
I
n
th
e
C
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b
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d
,
SB
3
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till
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h
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its
th
e
b
est
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m
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ce
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ch
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g
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p
t
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f
r
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m
4
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at
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r
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m
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ilar
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h
e
m
a
x
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u
m
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d
m
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im
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m
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
th
e
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r
ick
s
m
ea
s
u
r
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in
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0
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m
m
th
ick
n
ess
is
d
escr
ib
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in
T
ab
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3
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
o
t
h
6
0
m
m
an
d
1
0
0
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
b
r
ick
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m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
r
ev
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ls
d
is
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ct
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
-
1
2
GHz
.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
PET
an
d
POFA
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
b
r
ic
k
s
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win
g
th
em
to
in
ter
ac
t
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
with
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
es.
T
h
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
b
etwe
en
air
an
d
th
e
b
r
ick
s
u
r
f
ac
e
will
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
s
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
o
v
er
all
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
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h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ev
id
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n
t
in
SB
3
,
wh
er
e
h
ig
h
POFA c
o
n
ten
t d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
is
m
atch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectiv
ity
o
f
a
n
ti
-
r
ad
iatio
n
p
last
ic
b
r
ick
f
o
r
1
0
0
m
m
t
h
ick
n
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
7
0
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I
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lec
&
C
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L
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o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
ex
p
e
r
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en
tal
b
r
ick
s
,
SB
1
,
SB
2
an
d
SB
3
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
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ed
th
at
SB
2
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
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e
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o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
,
wh
ich
is
7
.
1
6
MPa,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
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1
at
5
.
7
4
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an
d
SB
3
at
3
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6
M
Pa.
Fro
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th
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d
SB
2
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
Stan
d
ar
d
MS
7
.
6
:
1
9
7
2
to
b
e
at
least 5
.
2
N/m
m
2
f
o
r
b
e
ar
in
g
lo
ad
an
d
SB
3
f
u
lf
ill th
e
n
o
n
b
ea
r
in
g
lo
a
d
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b
e
at
least 1
.
4
N/m
m
2
.
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esu
lt o
f
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
test
P
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o
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o
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e
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p
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h
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t
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g
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h
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v
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r
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g
e
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1
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.
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2
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1
4
3
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4
7
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2
4
.
8
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1
2
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3
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1
6
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3
3
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1
2
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
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r
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r
ties
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f
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ti
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r
ad
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n
p
last
ic
ce
m
en
t
b
r
ick
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
POFA
an
d
PET
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
-
1
2
GHz
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
SB
3
ex
h
ib
its
th
e
b
est
an
d
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
is
ten
t
m
icr
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wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
co
m
m
e
r
cial
b
r
ick
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
in
itial
h
y
p
o
th
esis
t
h
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
PET
an
d
POFA
wo
u
ld
en
h
an
c
e
th
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
S
B
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
icr
o
wav
e
a
b
s
o
r
b
er
ac
r
o
s
s
all
b
an
d
s
d
u
e
to
its
h
ig
h
POFA
co
n
ten
t
m
ak
in
g
it
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
ve
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tig
a
tio
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f m
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a
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a
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r
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…
(
Lin
d
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)
2907
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
in
ce
th
ese
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r
ick
s
will
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e
u
s
ed
as
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
,
th
e
co
m
p
r
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s
s
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
b
r
ick
s
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
o
v
e
r
all,
SB
1
an
d
SB
2
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
u
s
e
a
s
b
u
ild
in
g
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
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ea
r
in
g
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ad
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d
SB
3
f
o
r
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o
n
-
b
ea
r
in
g
l
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ly
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ate
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th
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m
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t
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Ap
p
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is
also
ex
ten
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to
all
lab
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ato
r
y
Ass
is
t
an
t
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g
in
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in
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Mic
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at
Un
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t o
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F
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NF
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h
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au
th
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r
s
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Kem
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it
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FR
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.
AUTHO
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h
is
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C
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T
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(
C
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h
ip
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p
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f
ac
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Na
m
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f
Aut
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M
So
Va
Fo
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D
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Vi
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Mo
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d
Kasim
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Hasn
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Ab
d
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Mo
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No
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Azila
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s
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ail
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ah
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An
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C
:
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p
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:
M
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So
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Va
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Fo
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&
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h
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t
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at
th
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y
h
av
e
n
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k
n
o
wn
c
o
m
p
etin
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f
in
an
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ter
ests
o
r
p
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s
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al
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el
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s
h
ip
s
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at
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ld
h
av
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ap
p
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ed
t
o
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
wo
r
k
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
No
t a
p
p
licab
le.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t in
v
o
lv
e
an
y
h
u
m
an
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
No
t a
p
p
licab
le.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t in
v
o
lv
e
h
u
m
an
o
r
an
im
al
s
u
b
jects.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
t
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at
th
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d
ata
s
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p
p
o
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tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
ar
ticle.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
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I
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Vo
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15
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No
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3
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J
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20
25
:
2
9
0
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-
2
9
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2908
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
V
e
r
m
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
e
v
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f
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r
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v
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3
5
6
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6
6
8
0
-
7.
[
2
]
W
H
O
,
“
R
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
:
El
e
c
t
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
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e
l
d
s,”
W
o
rl
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
O
r
g
a
n
i
sa
t
i
o
n
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
3
]
M
.
A
t
a
y
,
D
.
D
u
r
a
n
K
a
y
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ü
l
k
e
r
,
“
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e
v
e
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o
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o
f
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m
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sh
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s
p
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m re
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d
f
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e
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s,
”
P
o
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e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
p
o
l
y
m
1
5
2
2
4
4
6
9
.
[
4
]
J.
K
a
sz
u
b
a
-
Zw
o
i
ń
sk
a
,
J.
G
r
e
m
b
a
,
B
.
G
a
ł
d
z
i
ń
s
k
a
-
C
a
l
i
k
,
K
.
W
ó
j
c
i
k
-
P
i
o
t
r
o
w
i
c
z
,
a
n
d
P
.
J
.
T
h
o
r
,
“
El
e
c
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m
a
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n
e
t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
i
n
d
u
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d
b
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i
c
a
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e
f
f
e
c
t
s
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n
h
u
m
a
n
s
,
”
Prze
g
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L
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k
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rs
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i
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l
.
7
2
,
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o
.
1
1
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p
p
.
6
3
6
–
6
4
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
5
]
S
t
a
t
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
o
f
V
i
c
t
o
r
i
a
,
“
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ma
g
n
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t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
s
(
EM
F
)
a
n
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
s
su
e
s,”
B
e
t
t
e
r
H
e
a
l
t
h
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
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w
w
.
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.
v
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.
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o
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/
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/
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/
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m
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-
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mf
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s
(
A
c
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d
Ju
n
2
3
,
2
0
2
4
).
[
6
]
T.
K
u
a
n
g
,
L.
C
h
a
n
g
,
F
.
C
h
e
n
,
Y
.
S
h
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n
g
,
D
.
F
u
,
a
n
d
X
.
P
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n
g
,
“
F
a
c
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l
e
p
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p
a
r
a
t
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o
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o
f
l
i
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h
t
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g
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t
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i
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h
-
st
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g
t
h
b
i
o
d
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a
d
a
b
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p
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y
mer/m
u
l
t
i
-
w
a
l
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d
c
a
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a
n
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t
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s
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a
n
o
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m
p
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t
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f
o
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ms
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,
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,
v
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.
1
0
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,
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:
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1
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j
.
c
a
r
b
o
n
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
4
.
0
5
2
.
[
7
]
E.
K
i
v
r
a
k
,
K
.
Y
u
r
t
,
A
.
K
a
p
l
a
n
,
I
.
A
l
k
a
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
A
l
t
u
n
,
“
Ef
f
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c
t
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
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l
d
s
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x
p
o
s
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t
h
e
a
n
t
i
o
x
i
d
a
n
t
d
e
f
e
n
s
e
sy
st
e
m,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Mi
c
ro
s
c
o
p
y
a
n
d
U
l
t
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
–
1
7
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
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6
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[
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7
]
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8
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.
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d
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0
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.
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mr
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n
,
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.
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1
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D
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,
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2
2
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.
A
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,
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S
tu
d
ies
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
(UiTM
)
Ca
wa
n
g
a
n
P
u
lau
P
i
n
a
n
g
,
P
u
lau
P
i
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
s
ts
in
c
lu
d
e
M
o
b
i
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
y
a
ti
0
0
5
@
u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Az
iza
h
Ahm
a
d
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
8
2
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
Di
p
lo
m
a
a
n
d
B.
E
n
g
.
Ho
n
s
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
in
2
0
0
3
(UiT
M
P
u
lau
P
i
n
a
n
g
)
a
n
d
2
0
0
6
(UiT
M
S
h
a
h
Ala
m
)
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
S
y
ste
m
De
sig
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
S
a
in
s
M
a
l
a
y
sia
in
2
0
0
8
.
In
2
0
0
9
,
s
h
e
jo
in
e
d
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Te
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
ARA
,
P
u
la
u
P
i
n
a
n
g
a
s
a
Lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
sin
c
e
2
0
1
6
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
p
o
stg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsit
i
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
(Ui
TM
)
S
h
a
h
Ala
m
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
Arti
ficia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
Lea
rn
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
icro
wa
v
e
a
b
so
r
b
e
r.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
z
iza
h
1
4
6
@u
i
tm.e
d
u
.
m
y
.
No
o
r
Az
il
a
Is
m
a
il
wa
s b
o
rn
in
Ke
d
a
h
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
1
9
7
6
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
(Ho
n
s).
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
En
g
.
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
0
a
n
d
2
0
0
6
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
I
n
2
0
0
6
,
s
h
e
jo
in
e
d
th
e
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
.
Ca
wa
n
g
a
n
P
u
lau
P
i
n
a
n
g
,
a
s
a
Lec
tu
re
r,
a
n
d
in
2
0
1
1
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
m
icro
wa
v
e
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
o
o
ra
z
il
a
6
8
7
@
u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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