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elate
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o
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m
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ities
[
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in
h
ig
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.
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et
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[
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p
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ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
b
o
tto
m
-
u
p
th
e
o
r
y
,
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
life
d
o
m
ain
s
[
1
9
]
.
Gilm
an
an
d
Hu
eb
n
er
[
2
0
]
id
en
tify
th
at
th
e
life
d
o
m
ain
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
elev
a
n
t
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
clu
d
e
f
am
ily
,
f
r
ien
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
s
ch
o
o
l,
an
d
s
elf
.
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
s
ev
er
al
ar
ea
s
o
f
life
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
ed
a
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
l.
T
h
e
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
life
-
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
s
ca
le
(
ML
SS
)
is
a
to
o
l
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
f
iv
e
life
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
Z
u
llig
et
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
e
x
am
in
e
t
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
ML
SS
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
Mid
west.
T
h
e
b
r
ief
ML
SS
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
s
e
v
er
al
item
s
ex
h
ib
it
m
o
d
e
r
ate
f
ac
to
r
s
lo
a
d
in
g
,
an
d
ea
ch
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
th
e
life
d
o
m
ain
is
o
n
ly
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
o
n
e
item
.
Sch
n
ettler
et
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
i
c
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
ML
SS
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
C
h
ile
an
d
an
ab
b
r
ev
iat
ed
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
co
m
p
r
i
s
in
g
3
0
item
s
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
ex
p
lain
th
at
th
e
ML
SS
was
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
in
f
iv
e
life
d
o
m
ain
s
.
I
n
a
d
ap
tin
g
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
to
o
ls
to
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
L
ac
h
m
an
n
et
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
ar
g
u
e
d
th
at
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
u
ltu
r
es,
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
in
ter
p
r
eted
d
if
f
e
r
en
tly
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ML
SS
was
r
ee
v
alu
ated
f
o
r
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
2
6
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
wer
e
u
s
ed
wid
ely
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
n
o
o
n
e
r
esear
c
h
h
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
s
y
ch
o
m
et
r
ic
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
ML
SS
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
f
ills
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ML
SS
wh
ich
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ML
SS
ca
p
tu
r
es
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
f
iv
e
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
life
an
d
th
ese
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
en
ab
le
m
o
r
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic,
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
,
a
n
d
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
i
n
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ac
ad
em
ic
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
aim
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
et
r
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ML
SS
f
o
r
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
et
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e:
i)
Do
es th
e
ML
SS
co
n
s
is
t o
f
f
iv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts?
ii)
Do
es th
e
ML
SS
f
u
lf
il
b
o
th
v
alid
ity
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
en
t a
n
d
d
is
cr
i
m
in
an
t?
iii)
Do
es th
e
ML
SS
m
ee
t Cro
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
?
T
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
g
iv
es
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
to
o
ls
th
at
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
in
f
i
v
e
life
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
u
s
e
s
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
ey
d
esig
n
to
co
llect
d
ata
o
n
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
life
d
o
m
ain
s
am
o
n
g
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
is
co
n
f
id
en
tial
an
d
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
M
L
SS
wh
ich
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
I
n
d
o
n
esian
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
d
ata
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
.
2
.
2
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
a
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
Ku
p
an
g
C
ity
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
r
an
d
o
m
ly
o
n
a
n
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
v
ia
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
clas
s
W
h
ats
Ap
p
g
r
o
u
p
with
p
e
r
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
t
co
o
r
d
in
a
to
r
.
T
h
e
in
co
m
p
lete
s
u
r
v
e
y
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata.
A
to
tal
o
f
6
7
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
p
a
r
ticip
ated
an
d
6
5
1
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
u
lf
illed
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
with
a
m
ea
n
ag
e
o
f
2
0
.
1
5
(
m
ale=
2
2
.
5
8
%,
a
n
d
f
e
m
ale=
7
7
.
4
2
%).
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
y
ea
r
lev
el
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
3
4
.
2
5
%
wer
e
f
r
esh
m
en
,
2
2
.
8
9
%
wer
e
s
o
p
h
o
m
o
r
es,
3
9
.
4
8
%
wer
e
ju
n
io
r
s
,
an
d
3
.
3
8
%
wer
e
s
en
io
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
as
:
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
(
7
%),
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
2
%),
p
h
y
s
ic
s
ed
u
c
atio
n
(
5
%),
I
n
d
o
n
esian
lan
g
u
ag
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
(
6
%),
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
(
2
%),
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
(
3
%),
c
h
em
is
tr
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
5
%),
m
ath
em
atic
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
1
5
%),
ci
v
ic
l
aw
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
3
%),
h
is
to
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
1
6
%),
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
9
%),
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
6
%),
ea
r
ly
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
1
6
%),
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
6
%).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
metric p
r
o
p
erti
es o
f m
u
ltid
imen
s
io
n
a
l life
-
s
a
tis
fa
ctio
n
s
ca
le
o
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
…
(
I
P
u
tu
A
g
u
s
A
p
r
ilia
n
a
)
2567
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
s
ML
SS
we
r
e
d
esi
g
n
e
d
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
h
e
o
r
e
tic
al
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
b
y
Gil
m
a
n
a
n
d
H
u
eb
n
e
r
[
2
0
]
w
it
h
f
i
v
e
s
p
e
ci
f
ic
d
o
m
ai
n
s
(
f
a
m
il
y
,
f
r
i
en
d
s
,
s
ch
o
o
l
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
s
el
f
)
.
W
e
r
ew
o
r
d
ed
ex
ch
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
d
o
m
ai
n
“sc
h
o
o
l”
f
o
r
“c
am
p
u
s
”.
T
h
e
i
n
i
tia
l
ML
SS
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
4
0
ite
m
s
t
h
at
m
ea
s
u
r
e
li
f
e
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
i
n
f
i
v
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
an
d
e
ac
h
d
o
m
ai
n
is
ei
g
h
t
it
em
s
r
es
p
e
cti
v
el
y
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
d
t
o
ea
ch
i
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
(
5
=st
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e;
1
=st
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
a
g
r
e
e)
.
T
h
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
was
als
o
c
o
lle
cte
d
s
u
c
h
as
g
e
n
d
er
,
ag
e,
y
ea
r
le
v
e
l,
a
n
d
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t.
A
to
tal
o
f
s
ix
ex
p
er
ts
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
with
ex
p
er
tis
e
in
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ics,
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
;
two
e
x
p
er
ts
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
t
e
v
alu
ated
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
to
o
ls
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
,
an
d
f
a
ir
n
ess
o
f
th
e
item
s
[
2
9
]
.
W
h
e
n
f
o
u
n
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
h
eld
an
d
an
ag
r
ee
m
en
t w
as r
ea
ch
e
d
with
a
ll o
f
ex
p
e
r
ts
o
n
th
e
4
0
-
item
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
c
o
n
ten
t o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
2
.
4
.
Sta
t
is
t
ica
l
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
t
ical
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
(
I
B
M
SP
S
S
)
s
o
f
twar
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
2
8
)
in
cl
u
d
in
g
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
an
d
E
FA
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
b
o
th
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
k
ewn
ess
an
d
k
u
r
t
o
s
is
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
K
aiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
in
(
KM
O)
an
d
B
ar
tlett’s
test
was
ass
es
s
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
s
u
it
ab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
f
ac
to
r
in
g
(
PAF)
with
Pro
m
ax
r
o
tatio
n
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
ex
clu
d
ed
cr
iter
i
a
o
f
item
s
ar
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
i
n
g
le
s
s
th
an
.
5
0
[
3
2
]
.
C
FA
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
th
e
I
B
M
Am
o
s
s
o
f
twar
e
(
v
e
r
s
io
n
2
2
)
t
o
ev
alu
ate
o
f
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
with
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
ex
(
C
FI)
>.
9
0
[
3
3
]
,
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
ex
(
AGFI
)
>.
9
0
[
3
4
]
,
th
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
ex
(
GFI
)
>.
9
0
[
2
9
]
,
th
e
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A)
<.
8
0
[
3
3
]
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
ed
f
it
i
n
d
e
x
(
NFI
)
>.
9
0
[
3
5
]
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
T
u
ck
er
–
L
ewis
in
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
>.
9
0
[
3
6
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
(
λ
)
,
a
v
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
te
d
(
AVE
)
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
cr
it
er
ia
wer
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
.
5
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
3
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
c
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
ts
cr
o
s
s
-
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
with
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t o
f
ea
ch
A
VE
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
3
.
1
.
G
ener
a
l
c
ha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
es
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ML
SS
u
s
in
g
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
.
W
e
s
p
l
it
th
e
d
ata
in
to
s
u
b
s
am
p
le
1
(
N=
3
3
1
)
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
am
p
le
2
(
N=
3
2
0
)
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
d
ata
in
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
.
W
e
u
s
e
a
s
eq
u
en
c
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
d
ata
in
to
th
e
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ata
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
til
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
3
3
1
was
in
clu
d
ed
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
1
an
d
th
e
r
est
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
2
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
d
ata
o
f
ML
SS
in
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
S
u
b
s
a
m
p
l
e
1
S
u
b
s
a
m
p
l
e
2
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
63
1
9
.
0
3
84
2
6
.
2
5
F
e
mal
e
2
6
8
8
0
.
9
7
2
3
6
7
3
.
7
5
A
g
e
<
1
9
t
h
1
0
6
3
2
.
0
2
1
1
6
3
6
.
2
5
2
0
t
h
1
1
4
3
4
.
4
4
1
1
1
3
4
.
6
9
2
1
t
h
63
1
9
.
0
3
53
1
6
.
5
6
2
2
t
h
34
1
0
.
2
7
26
8
.
1
3
>
2
3
t
h
14
4
.
2
3
14
4
.
3
8
Le
v
e
l
F
r
e
sh
ma
n
(
1
)
1
0
1
3
0
.
5
1
1
2
2
3
8
.
1
3
S
o
p
h
o
mo
r
e
(
2
)
61
1
8
.
4
3
88
2
7
.
5
0
Ju
n
i
o
r
(
3
)
1
5
7
4
7
.
4
3
1
0
0
3
1
.
2
5
S
e
n
i
o
r
(
≥
4
)
12
3
.
6
3
10
3
.
1
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
C
o
u
n
sel
i
n
g
10
3
.
0
2
36
1
1
.
2
5
En
g
l
i
sh
l
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n
g
u
a
g
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e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
13
3
.
9
3
2
0
.
0
0
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
e
d
u
c
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t
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n
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1
0
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5
7
-
0
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0
0
I
n
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si
a
n
l
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c
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t
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n
9
2
.
4
2
28
8
.
7
5
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
s
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
15
4
.
5
3
-
0
.
0
0
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
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d
u
c
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t
i
o
n
17
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.
1
4
-
0
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0
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h
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mi
s
t
r
y
e
d
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c
a
t
i
o
n
16
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.
8
3
17
5
.
3
1
M
a
t
h
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ma
t
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d
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c
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t
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19
5
.
7
4
77
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4
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6
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d
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c
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t
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n
8
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7
2
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2
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8
1
H
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st
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d
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c
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t
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n
37
1
1
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1
8
67
2
0
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9
4
En
g
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n
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r
i
n
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d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
20
6
.
0
4
37
1
1
.
5
6
P
r
i
mary
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
36
1
0
.
8
8
-
0
.
0
0
Ea
r
l
y
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
87
2
6
.
2
8
17
5
.
3
1
N
o
n
-
f
o
r
m
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
9
2
.
7
2
30
9
.
3
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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.
14
,
No
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4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
2
5
6
5
-
2
5
7
3
2568
T
ab
le
2
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
d
ata
o
f
M
L
SS
o
n
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
M
e
a
su
r
e
/
G
r
o
u
p
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
R
a
n
g
e
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
S
k
e
w
n
e
ss
K
u
r
t
o
si
s
M
LSS
(
s
ub
-
s
a
mp
l
e
1
)
3
.
9
0
.
3
4
2
.
4
0
2
.
6
0
5
.
0
0
.
1
7
1
.
3
9
M
LSS
(
s
ub
-
s
a
mp
l
e
2
)
3
.
8
2
.
3
6
2
.
4
5
2
.
5
5
5
.
0
0
-
.
1
9
1
.
4
3
B
o
th
d
ata
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
1
a
n
d
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
2
ev
alu
ated
th
e
ir
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ass
ess
e
d
b
y
b
o
th
s
co
r
es
o
f
s
k
ewn
ess
an
d
k
u
r
to
s
is
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
k
ewn
ess
s
co
r
e,
b
o
th
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
1
an
d
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
2
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
was
a
s
lig
h
t
r
ig
h
twar
d
s
k
ew
(
s
u
b
-
s
a
m
p
le
1
)
an
d
o
th
er
wis
e
(
s
u
b
-
s
a
m
p
le
2
)
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
r
e
m
ai
n
s
r
elativ
ely
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
(
asy
m
m
etr
y
o
u
ts
id
e
-
1
a
n
d
+1
)
[
3
8
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
k
u
r
to
s
is
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
clo
s
e
to
n
o
r
m
al
with
s
lig
h
tly
h
ea
v
ier
tails
th
an
a
p
u
r
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Hig
h
lig
h
tin
g
b
o
t
h
s
co
r
es
o
f
s
k
ewn
ess
an
d
k
u
r
to
s
is
in
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
lack
s
ex
tr
em
e
d
ev
iatio
n
s
an
d
i
t c
an
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
tely
n
o
r
m
al
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
3
.
2
.
Co
ns
t
ruct
v
a
lid
it
y
T
h
e
E
FA
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
1
,
an
d
a
KM
O
s
tatis
tically
wa
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
f
.
8
4
9
(
≥
.
7
0
)
in
d
icatin
g
g
o
o
d
s
am
p
le
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
[3
9
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
,
B
ar
tlett’s
test
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
(
χ
2
=4
3
2
7
.
4
5
8
;
d
f
=5
2
8
;
p
<.
0
0
1
)
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
n
o
t
eq
u
al.
Hig
h
lig
h
ti
n
g
b
o
th
r
esu
lts
o
f
KM
O
an
d
B
ar
tlett’s
tes
t
s
u
g
g
ested
t
h
e
d
ata
f
u
lf
illed
to
E
FA.
I
n
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
PAF
with
th
e
Pro
m
ax
r
o
tatio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
E
FA
ex
p
lain
s
a
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
5
0
.
6
3
%
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
ian
ts
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
1
4
item
s
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
4
0
-
item
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ac
ce
p
te
d
item
s
in
e
ac
h
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
t
o
r
.
T
h
e
C
FA
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
s
u
b
s
am
p
le
2
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
f
iv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
with
1
6
item
s
f
o
llo
win
g
E
FA
r
esu
lts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
4
,
th
e
i
n
itial
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
o
t f
it,
an
d
s
u
g
g
ested
to
m
o
d
if
y
b
y
ex
clu
d
in
g
th
e
item
co
d
e
FM
7
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
el.
E
v
al
u
atin
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
el,
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
d
icate
s
a
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
b
u
t
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
l
o
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
item
c
o
d
e
FM
6
is
less
th
an
.
5
0
.
W
e
ex
clu
d
ed
th
at
item
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
f
in
ally
,
o
v
er
all
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
ad
eq
u
at
e.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
in
d
ices o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el.
T
ab
le
3
.
Facto
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
M
L
SS
o
n
E
FA (
<.
5
0
r
em
o
v
e
d
)
C
o
d
e
A
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
e
d
i
t
e
m
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
M
e
a
n
±
S
D
1
2
3
4
5
F
M
1
F
a
mi
l
i
e
s
g
e
t
a
l
o
n
g
w
e
l
l
4
.
5
6
±
.
6
5
.
7
2
F
M
2
D
o
i
n
g
f
u
n
t
h
i
n
g
s w
i
t
h
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
4
.
4
0
±
.
7
1
.
6
9
F
M
3
P
a
r
e
n
t
s
t
r
e
a
t
f
a
i
r
l
y
4
.
5
6
±
.
6
7
.
6
5
F
M
7
En
j
o
y
b
e
i
n
g
a
t
h
o
me
w
i
t
h
f
a
mi
l
y
4
.
3
4
±
.
8
4
.
6
2
F
M
6
Li
k
e
s
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
t
i
me
w
i
t
h
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
4
.
0
7
±
.
8
7
.
6
1
F
R
7
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
e
l
p
w
h
e
n
n
e
e
d
e
d
4
.
1
6
±
.
7
5
.
7
6
F
R
3
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
a
r
e
n
i
c
e
t
o
m
e
4
.
2
8
±
.
6
7
.
7
6
F
R
5
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
a
r
e
g
r
e
a
t
4
.
2
2
±
.
6
5
.
7
2
F
R
2
H
a
v
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
4
.
1
1
±
.
8
7
.
6
1
C
M
6
C
a
m
p
u
s
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
g
4
.
2
0
±
.
6
3
.
6
0
C
M
8
Le
a
r
n
a
l
o
t
o
n
c
a
m
p
u
s
4
.
3
3
±
.
6
3
.
5
2
EM
5
W
i
sh
t
o
l
i
v
e
i
n
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
h
o
u
se
3
.
0
6
±
1
.
2
1
.
6
6
EM
1
W
i
sh
t
o
l
i
v
e
s
o
m
e
w
h
e
r
e
e
l
s
e
2
.
9
3
±
1
.
3
3
.
6
3
EM
4
W
i
sh
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
3
.
3
4
±
1
.
1
6
.
6
0
S
F
1
F
u
n
t
o
b
e
a
r
o
u
n
d
3
.
6
9
±
.
9
7
.
7
3
S
F
6
M
o
s
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
l
i
k
e
m
e
3
.
7
5
±
.
91
.
6
6
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
(
%
)
2
4
.
6
3
1
.
8
3
7
.
6
4
2
.
9
5
0
.
6
N
o
t
e
:
F
M
=
F
a
mi
l
y
,
F
R
=
F
r
i
e
n
d
s,
C
M
=
C
a
m
p
u
s
,
E
M
=
En
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
,
S
F
=
S
e
l
f
T
ab
le
4
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
f
it in
d
ices o
n
C
FA
M
o
d
e
l
χ
2
df
p
C
F
I
G
F
I
A
G
F
I
R
M
S
EA
N
F
I
TLI
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
2
2
2
.
1
8
94
.
0
0
.
9
2
.
9
2
.
8
8
.
0
6
.
8
7
.
9
0
1
st
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
1
6
9
.
4
1
80
.
0
0
.
9
3
.
9
3
.
9
0
.
0
6
.
8
8
.
9
1
2
nd
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
1
5
0
.
6
5
67
.
0
0
.
9
4
.
9
4
.
9
0
.
0
6
.
8
9
.
9
1
3
.
3
.
Co
nv
er
g
ent
v
a
lid
it
y
,
dis
cr
imi
na
nt
v
a
lid
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
f
iv
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
ices
ar
e
f
u
lf
illed
an
d
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
1
4
item
s
was
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
AVE
,
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
wer
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
ML
SS
s
tat
is
tical
ly
f
u
lf
ills
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
.
Facto
r
l
o
ad
in
g
s
,
AVE
,
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
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2569
T
ab
le
5
.
Facto
r
l
o
ad
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r
r
elatio
n
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etwe
en
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n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
r
e
liab
ilit
y
o
f
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SS
(
N=
3
2
0
)
No
A
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
e
d
i
t
e
m
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
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e
a
n
±
S
D
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
1
2
3
4
5
1
F
a
mi
l
y
(
C
R
=
.
7
5
;
α
=
.
8
3
)
4
.
4
7
±
.
7
6
(
A
V
E=
.
5
0
)
.
5
6
.
4
4
.
5
6
-
.
1
0
.
6
7
F
a
mi
l
i
e
s
g
e
t
a
l
o
n
g
w
e
l
l
4
.
4
7
±
.
7
6
.
7
0
D
o
i
n
g
f
u
n
t
h
i
n
g
s w
i
t
h
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
4
.
3
6
±
.
7
7
.
8
0
P
a
r
e
n
t
s
t
r
e
a
t
f
a
i
r
l
y
4
.
5
9
±
.
6
9
.
6
0
2
F
r
i
e
n
d
s (
C
R
=
.
8
0
;
α
=
.
7
4
)
4
.
1
6
±
.
5
0
(
A
V
E=
.
5
5
)
.
7
4
.
6
9
-
.
0
8
.
6
1
H
a
v
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
4
.
1
4
±
.
8
2
.
5
2
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
a
r
e
n
i
c
e
t
o
m
e
4
.
3
1
±
.
66
.
7
1
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
a
r
e
g
r
e
a
t
4
.
2
3
±
.
5
6
.
7
0
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
e
l
p
w
h
e
n
n
e
e
d
e
d
4
.
1
9
±
.
6
8
.
7
2
3
C
a
m
p
u
s
(
C
R
=
.
6
6
;
α=.
7
0
)
4
.
2
8
±
.
5
4
(
A
V
E=
.
5
8
)
.
7
6
-
.
0
8
.
6
8
C
a
m
p
u
s
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
g
4
.
1
8
±
.
6
8
.
7
2
Le
a
r
n
a
l
o
t
o
n
c
a
m
p
u
s
4
.
3
7
±
.
6
1
.
5
6
4
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
C
R
=
.
7
5
;
α=
.
7
3
)
3
.
1
7
±
.
9
3
(
A
V
E=
.
5
1
)
.
7
1
-
.
1
2
W
i
sh
t
o
l
i
v
e
s
o
m
e
w
h
e
r
e
e
l
s
e
3
.
0
4
±
1
.
2
6
.
8
0
W
i
sh
t
o
l
i
v
e
i
n
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
h
o
u
se
3
.
0
9
±
1
.
1
5
.
7
1
W
i
sh
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
3
.
3
8
±
1
.
0
4
.
5
7
5
S
e
l
f
(
C
R
=
.
6
7
;
α=.
7
0
)
3
.
8
0
±
.
6
9
(
A
V
E=
.
6
4
)
.
8
0
F
u
n
t
o
b
e
a
r
o
u
n
d
3
.
7
4
±
.
87
.
6
2
M
o
s
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
l
i
k
e
m
e
3
.
8
6
±
.
8
1
.
5
7
Li
f
e
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
α=
.
7
1
)
4
.
0
0
±
.
3
9
N
o
t
e
:
C
R
=
C
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
T
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
AVE
in
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ex
ce
ed
s
its
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
with
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
I
t is d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
ea
s
u
r
es a
d
is
tin
ct
co
n
ce
p
t w
ith
o
u
t o
v
er
la
p
p
in
g
wit
h
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
iv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts o
f
ML
SS
with
1
4
item
s
s
tatis
tically
f
u
lf
ill
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
was
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
alp
h
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
with
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
.
7
0
as
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
v
alu
e
[
40
]
.
T
h
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t
al
p
h
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
o
f
ML
SS
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
.
7
1
a
n
d
it
in
d
icate
s
en
o
u
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
E
v
alu
atin
g
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
ML
SS
is
r
eliab
ly
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
its
ass
o
ciate
d
ite
m
s
.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ML
SS
am
o
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
C
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
ata
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
1
,
E
FA
ex
p
lain
s
a
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
an
d
a
to
tal
o
f
1
4
item
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
ata
in
s
u
b
-
s
am
p
le
2
,
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
e
in
itial
C
FA
in
d
icate
s
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
id
n
o
t
f
it
an
d
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
et
th
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
in
d
ex
in
t
h
e
th
ir
d
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
f
iv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
as
f
a
m
ily
,
f
r
ie
n
d
s
,
ca
m
p
u
s
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
s
elf
,
an
d
it
is
in
lin
e
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
41
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
E
ac
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
et
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
AVE
an
d
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Facto
r
lo
ad
in
g
f
o
r
ea
ch
item
was
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
,
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e
o
n
t
h
e
item
“d
o
in
g
f
u
n
th
in
g
s
with
p
ar
en
ts
”
an
d
th
e
item
“wi
s
h
to
liv
e
s
o
m
ewh
er
e
else”.
T
h
ese
two
item
s
ar
e
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est in
ex
p
lain
in
g
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
b
y
I
zz
o
et
a
l.
[4
3
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
f
am
ily
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
h
ap
p
in
ess
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
b
y
So
ar
es
et
a
l.
[4
4
]
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
f
am
ily
a
n
d
p
ar
en
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
’
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
I
n
lin
e
with
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
it
is
r
e
lev
an
t
th
at
th
e
item
“d
o
in
g
f
u
n
th
in
g
s
with
p
ar
en
ts
”
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ex
p
lain
s
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
ML
SS
s
h
o
ws
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
d
it
in
d
icate
s
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
ef
f
icien
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
ea
c
h
AVE
.
I
n
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
in
d
icate
s
ad
eq
u
ate
an
d
o
n
ly
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
“f
am
ily
”
in
d
icate
s
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
lin
e
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
o
f
ML
SS
in
th
e
Per
s
ian
v
er
s
io
n
[4
5
]
an
d
th
e
T
u
r
k
is
h
v
er
s
io
n
[4
6
]
.
Ov
er
all,
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
f
o
r
m
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
i
s
ad
eq
u
ate
an
d
r
eliab
le
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
f
iv
e
life
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
also
ar
e
i
n
li
n
e
with
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Pit
tm
an
et
a
l.
[4
7
]
wh
ich
f
o
u
n
d
a
b
r
ief
m
o
d
el
o
f
ML
SS
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
g
g
ested
in
d
i
v
er
s
e
s
am
p
les o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
s
ev
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
with
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ML
SS
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
cr
o
s
s
cu
ltu
r
es
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
S
ch
n
ettler
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
C
h
ilean
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
(
3
0
item
s
)
f
o
r
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
(
C
FA)
an
d
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
“f
r
ien
d
s
”
h
av
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est s
co
r
e
in
b
o
th
AVE
=.
5
6
an
d
C
R
=.
8
8
.
I
n
o
u
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est s
co
r
e
o
f
b
o
th
C
R
=.
8
0
an
d
AVE
=.
6
4
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
“f
r
ie
n
d
s
”
an
d
“self
”
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
J
o
v
an
o
v
ic
an
d
Z
u
ljev
ic
[4
8
]
,
Ser
b
ian
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
(
2
5
item
s
)
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
t
s
also
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
E
FA
a
n
d
C
FA)
with
a
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
.
4
1
to
.
8
6
.
I
n
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
a
f
ac
t
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
2
5
6
5
-
2
5
7
3
2570
lo
ad
in
g
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
.
5
2
to
.
8
0
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
esian
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
ex
p
lain
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
wh
ich
r
o
b
u
s
t p
s
y
ch
o
m
et
r
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
r
elate
d
lit
er
atu
r
e
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
b
o
tto
m
-
u
p
th
eo
r
y
-
b
ased
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
ML
SS
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
r
o
ad
e
n
s
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
with
in
a
cu
lt
u
r
al
co
n
tex
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
ele
v
an
t
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Pra
ctica
l
im
p
licati
o
n
s
,
th
is
s
ca
le
o
f
f
er
s
a
tr
u
s
t
wo
r
th
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
l
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
co
u
n
s
elo
r
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
an
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
in
th
is
f
ield
ca
n
also
u
s
e
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
to
c
o
llect
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
will
g
et
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
tiv
ities
s
o
th
at
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
f
e
r
ed
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e.
I
t
will
h
elp
n
av
ig
ate
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
to
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
am
o
n
g
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
th
at
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ac
tiv
ities
o
n
ca
m
p
u
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
itati
o
n
s
as
th
e
s
am
p
le
is
r
es
tr
icted
to
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
r
eg
io
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
b
ias,
an
d
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
ev
alu
atio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
wer
e
lim
ited
to
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
co
n
ten
t,
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t,
an
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
aim
to
b
r
o
a
d
en
th
e
s
am
p
le
to
in
clu
d
e
c
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
r
e
g
io
n
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ML
SS
o
v
er
tim
e,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
o
l
’
s
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
co
lle
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
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o
f
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r
t
h
er
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ML
SS
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
also
co
n
s
id
er
co
r
r
elatin
g
th
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
with
o
th
e
r
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
ML
SS
am
o
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esi
an
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
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estab
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h
in
g
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
g
o
o
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
f
am
ily
,
f
r
ien
d
s
,
ca
m
p
u
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
s
elf
,
r
ep
r
esen
t
k
ey
a
r
ea
s
r
elate
d
to
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
B
o
th
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
v
alid
ity
s
u
ch
as
co
n
ten
t,
co
n
s
tr
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ct,
co
n
v
er
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t,
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d
d
is
cr
im
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an
t.
T
h
e
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f
icien
t
r
eliab
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is
ex
p
lain
ed
well
e
n
o
u
g
h
.
Desp
ite
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
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s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
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e
o
n
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
r
eli
ab
le
an
d
cu
ltu
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ally
ap
p
r
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p
r
iate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
lleg
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s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
b
r
o
a
d
en
th
e
s
am
p
le,
test
lo
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g
itu
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in
al
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tab
ilit
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,
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
v
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o
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th
e
I
n
d
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n
esian
ML
SS
th
r
o
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g
h
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
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to
t
h
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k
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ap
p
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en
ts
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e
p
ar
tm
en
t c
o
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r
d
in
ato
r
s
,
an
d
lea
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er
s
at
Un
iv
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s
i
tas Nu
s
a
C
en
d
an
a.
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UNDING
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NF
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an
t
No
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tio
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Scien
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s
–
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C
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a.
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CO
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h
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C
o
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.
DATA AV
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AB
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h
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ata
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[
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PAA]
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eq
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est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
G
.
Ts
i
t
s
a
s,
P
.
N
a
n
o
p
o
u
l
o
s,
a
n
d
A
.
P
a
sch
a
l
i
,
“
L
i
f
e
S
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
A
n
x
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y
Le
v
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s
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mo
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g
U
n
i
v
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r
s
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t
y
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t
u
d
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t
s
,
”
C
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
Ed
u
c
a
t
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o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
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n
o
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5
,
p
p
.
9
4
7
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6
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,
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0
1
9
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o
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:
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0
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4
2
3
6
/
c
e
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
0
5
0
7
1
.
[
2
]
A
r
u
n
a
,
O
.
M
y
a
g
m
a
r
,
a
n
d
E.
O
k
t
y
a
b
r
i
j
a
r
g
a
l
,
“
A
S
t
u
d
y
o
n
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
Li
f
e
S
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
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o
n
,
”
L
a
v
a
i
-
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n
t
e
r
n
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t
i
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n
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o
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rn
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o
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c
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t
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l
.
2
0
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0
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4
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l
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v
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.
v
2
0
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3
0
.
3
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1
1
.
[
3
]
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
C
.
P
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
C
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
M
e
n
t
a
l
h
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a
l
t
h
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
:
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n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
me
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t
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t
h
,
se
l
f
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l
,
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e
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r
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n
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o
l
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e
g
e
,
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t
a
Psy
c
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c
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l
.
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4
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,
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g
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4
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.
a
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p
s
y
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
4
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5
1
.
[
4
]
M
.
T
.
O
c
a
ñ
a
-
M
o
r
a
l
,
Ó
.
G
a
v
í
n
-
C
h
o
c
a
n
o
,
E.
P
é
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e
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-
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a
v
í
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
D
.
C
.
M
a
r
t
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n
e
z
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e
r
r
a
n
o
,
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e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
a
mo
n
g
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
S
t
r
e
ss,
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f
e
S
a
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sf
a
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o
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d
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t
y
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f
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n
a
f
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e
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m
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.
[
5
]
J.
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[
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5
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Y
.
K
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[
1
6
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S
.
B
.
Ta
v
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.
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[
1
7
]
L.
-
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1
8
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I
.
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