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r
i
n
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
was
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
i
n
cid
en
tal
s
am
p
lin
g
.
B
o
th
b
o
y
s
an
d
g
ir
ls
ag
ed
1
4
-
1
8
y
ea
r
s
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
ar
e
willin
g
to
b
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
jects
b
ec
am
e
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
,
wh
i
le
th
e
d
eter
m
in
in
g
v
ar
iab
le
is
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
a
s
p
ec
t (
an
x
iety
s
co
r
e)
.
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
i
ns
t
rum
ent
s
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
d
ata
o
n
ag
e,
g
e
n
d
e
r
,
an
d
an
x
iety
lev
el.
s
elf
-
r
atin
g
an
x
iety
s
ca
le
(
SAS/
SR
A
S)
was
u
s
ed
t
o
ass
ess
an
x
iety
lev
el.
T
h
e
s
u
b
jects
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
f
o
r
th
eir
weig
h
t
an
d
h
eig
h
t
.
B
o
d
y
weig
h
t
an
d
h
eig
h
t
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
ca
le
an
d
h
eig
h
t
m
eter
(
Sm
ic
Sella)
.
T
h
e
b
o
d
y
m
ass
in
d
ex
(
B
MI
)
was
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
d
iv
i
d
in
g
weig
h
t
(
k
g
)
b
y
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
h
eig
h
t
(
m
)
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
jects
th
en
f
illed
o
u
t
t
h
e
SAS/
S
R
A
S
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
a
s
s
es
s
an
x
iety
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
an
g
e
is
2
0
-
8
0
,
with
g
r
o
u
p
s
n
a
m
ely
,
s
co
r
es
2
0
-
4
4
(
m
ild
an
x
iety
)
,
4
5
-
5
9
(
m
o
d
er
a
te
an
x
iety
)
,
6
0
-
7
4
(
s
ev
er
e
an
x
i
ety
)
,
an
d
7
5
-
8
0
(
p
an
ic
a
n
x
iety
)
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
w
e
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
v
e
l
y
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
t
h
at
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
S
p
ea
r
m
a
n
'
s
b
i
v
a
r
i
at
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
t
es
t
w
as
c
a
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
T
h
e
s
u
b
jects we
r
e
1
5
4
ad
o
lescen
t b
o
y
s
an
d
g
ir
ls
.
Ag
e
r
an
g
e
1
4
-
1
8
y
ea
r
s
,
weig
h
t b
et
wee
n
3
6
-
1
2
0
k
g
,
h
eig
h
t
b
etwe
en
1
4
6
-
1
8
2
c
m
,
a
n
d
B
MI
b
etwe
en
1
5
.
5
-
2
2
.
8
6
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
B
MI
is
3
9
.
5
8
,
a
n
d
th
e
lo
west
is
1
5
.
5
.
A
B
MI
o
f
3
9
.
5
8
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
te
g
o
r
y
o
f
o
b
esit
y
class
I
I
.
A
B
MI
o
f
1
5
.
5
was
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
s
ev
er
ely
u
n
d
er
weig
h
t,
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
weig
h
t
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
e
m
e
an
an
x
iety
s
co
r
e
wa
s
3
0
.
7
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
an
x
iet
y
s
co
r
es
is
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
ca
te
g
o
r
y
o
f
m
ild
an
x
iety
.
Fo
u
r
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
m
o
d
er
ate
an
x
iet
y
.
T
h
e
r
est
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ild
an
x
iety
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tic
al
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
an
x
iety
a
n
d
B
MI
(
p
=
0
.
7
4
1
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
r
es
ea
r
ch
s
u
b
jects
D
a
t
a
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
M
e
a
n
±
S
D
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
s)
14
18
1
5
.
7
8
±
1
.
6
9
B
o
d
y
w
e
i
g
h
t
(
k
g
)
36
1
2
0
5
8
.
6
9
±
1
4
.
4
1
H
e
i
g
h
t
(
c
m)
1
4
6
1
8
2
1
5
9
.
8
4
±
6
.
6
4
B
M
I
1
5
.
5
3
9
.
5
8
2
2
.
8
6
±
4
.
7
7
T
ab
le
2
.
An
x
iety
s
co
r
e
D
a
t
a
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
M
e
a
n
±
S
D
A
n
x
i
e
t
y
sc
o
r
e
20
56
3
0
.
7
±
6
.
7
3
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
jects
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
o
b
esit
y
I
I
class
an
d
s
ev
er
e
th
in
n
ess
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
weig
h
t
n
u
tr
itio
n
.
Similar
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Ma
eh
ar
a
et
a
l
.
an
d
L
ar
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
6
]
,
[
1
1
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
8
.
7
%
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
t
s
ag
ed
1
3
-
1
5
y
ea
r
s
an
d
8
.
1
%
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
ag
ed
2
0
wer
e
class
if
ied
as
th
in
o
r
v
e
r
y
th
i
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
alen
c
e
o
f
o
v
er
weig
h
t
an
d
o
b
esit
y
was
1
6
%
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
ag
ed
1
3
-
1
5
y
ea
r
s
an
d
1
3
.
5
% a
m
o
n
g
th
o
s
e
ag
ed
1
6
-
1
8
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
al
n
u
tr
i
tio
n
al
s
tatu
s
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ac
h
i
ev
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
s
u
ch
as
u
n
d
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
o
v
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
an
d
o
b
esit
y
ar
e
s
till
co
m
m
o
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
is
s
till
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
m
aln
u
tr
itio
n
(
DB
M)
h
as
b
e
co
m
e
a
g
lo
b
al
c
o
n
ce
r
n
.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
in
clu
d
i
n
g
u
n
d
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
an
d
o
v
e
r
n
u
tr
itio
n
(
o
v
er
weig
h
t
an
d
o
b
esit
y
)
is
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
6
]
,
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
an
x
iety
s
co
r
e
is
3
0
.
7
,
w
h
ich
is
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
m
ild
an
x
iety
.
Fo
u
r
p
eo
p
le
a
r
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
m
o
d
er
a
te
an
x
iety
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
est
ar
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
4
36
-
1
4
40
1438
m
ild
an
x
iet
y
.
Sev
e
r
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
an
x
iety
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
a
r
e
m
e
n
tal
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
t
h
at
o
f
te
n
o
cc
u
r
in
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
ad
o
lescen
ts
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
s
ta
t
is
tic
all
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
r
e
lat
io
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
twe
en
an
x
i
et
y
a
n
d
n
u
tr
iti
o
n
al
s
ta
tu
s
.
Sev
er
al
s
im
i
la
r
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
r
esu
lts
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
So
m
e
p
e
o
p
le
h
a
v
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
c
o
p
in
g
s
i
n
d
ea
l
i
n
g
wit
h
s
t
r
ess
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
d
ap
p
e
tit
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
n
a
ck
in
g
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
a
r
e
als
o
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
d
o
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
i
te
.
Ma
n
y
f
a
ct
o
r
s
af
f
e
ct
a
p
p
e
tit
e
a
n
d
e
ati
n
g
p
a
tte
r
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
af
f
e
cts
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
l
if
e,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
n
u
tr
iti
o
n
al
s
t
at
u
s
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ic
al
as
p
ec
ts
o
f
ad
o
l
esc
en
ts
[
5
]
,
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
is
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lth
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
b
o
th
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
wh
ich
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
o
th
er
n
u
t
r
ien
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
f
o
o
d
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
at
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
eir
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
th
r
o
p
o
m
etr
ically
.
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
o
p
tim
al
if
th
e
in
tak
e
o
f
n
u
tr
ien
ts
with
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
is
b
alan
ce
d
.
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
i
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
ty
p
e
a
n
d
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
m
aln
u
tr
itio
n
,
w
h
ich
o
cc
u
r
s
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
ea
ch
o
th
er
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
8
]
.
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
is
a
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
ex
is
ts
at
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
lev
el,
a
f
ac
to
r
th
at
is
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
in
tak
e
an
d
in
f
ec
tio
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tate
o
f
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ietar
y
m
etr
ics.
Ma
l
n
u
tr
itio
n
h
as
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
a
p
ath
o
lo
g
ical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
in
wh
i
ch
th
e
b
o
d
y
h
as
an
ex
ce
s
s
o
r
lack
o
f
n
u
tr
itio
n
in
r
elativ
e
o
r
ab
s
o
lu
te
ter
m
s
.
Hu
n
g
er
an
d
m
aln
u
tr
itio
n
ar
e
s
till
m
ajo
r
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
all
p
o
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies.
I
n
th
e
w
o
r
ld
,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
clu
d
e
i
n
ad
eq
u
ate
in
tak
e
r
elativ
e
to
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
as
well
as
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
f
o
o
d
in
tak
e.
I
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
o
r
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
ar
o
u
n
d
lack
o
f
in
tak
e,
ca
u
s
in
g
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
tein
-
en
er
g
y
d
ef
icien
c
y
,
an
em
i
a,
io
d
in
e
d
ef
icien
c
y
,
an
d
o
th
er
m
icr
o
n
u
tr
ien
t
d
ef
icien
cies.
D
ata
o
n
weig
h
t
f
o
r
ag
e
a
n
d
a
b
o
u
t
2
3
0
we
r
e
s
tu
n
ted
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
h
eig
h
t
f
o
r
a
g
e.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
in
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
ad
o
lescen
ts
af
f
ec
ts
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
an
d
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
n
atio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
h
a
s
a
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
g
r
o
wth
,
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
,
co
g
n
itiv
e,
b
eh
av
io
r
,
an
d
m
o
o
d
as we
ll a
s
ch
an
g
es in
o
th
er
b
o
d
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
a
f
f
e
cts
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
ets
o
f
ex
is
ten
ce
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
f
am
ilies
h
av
e
s
ee
n
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
in
co
m
e,
r
en
d
er
in
g
th
em
less
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
in
g
g
o
o
d
an
d
n
u
tr
itio
u
s
m
ea
l
s
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
.
Failu
r
e
to
p
r
o
m
p
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
p
r
ev
en
tativ
e
a
n
d
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
s
e
r
v
ices
f
o
r
c
h
ild
r
en
f
ac
in
g
n
u
t
r
itio
n
al
is
s
u
es
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
a
r
is
e
in
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
is
ea
s
es
an
d
f
atalities
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
m
m
ed
iate
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
av
er
t
an
d
m
itig
ate
ch
ild
n
u
tr
iti
o
n
is
s
u
es
en
co
m
p
ass
en
h
an
cin
g
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
p
r
e
v
en
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies,
en
s
u
r
in
g
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
n
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
an
d
au
g
m
en
tin
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
lo
ca
lly
s
o
u
r
ce
d
v
ital
co
m
m
o
d
ities
f
o
r
b
etter
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
Nu
tr
itio
n
s
er
v
ices
f
o
r
at
-
r
is
k
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
f
a
m
ilies
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
g
r
o
wth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
m
icr
o
n
u
t
r
ien
t
d
e
liv
er
y
,
m
ater
n
al
ass
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
b
a
b
y
a
n
d
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
f
e
ed
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
an
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t f
o
r
m
aln
u
tr
itio
n
in
c
h
ild
r
en
a
n
d
a
d
o
lescen
ts
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
n
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
ta
t
u
s
a
n
d
a
n
x
ie
t
y
o
f
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
h
a
d
n
o
s
t
a
ti
s
t
i
c
al
r
e
la
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
i
es
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
a
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
ee
n
a
n
x
i
et
y
a
n
d
m
a
l
n
u
t
r
it
i
o
n
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
d
i
d
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
a
r
e
l
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
.
T
h
is
m
a
y
b
e
d
u
e
t
o
co
n
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
n
e
e
d
to
b
e
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
.
N
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
f
f
e
ct
s
g
r
o
wt
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
M
a
l
n
u
t
r
it
i
o
n
h
as
a
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
g
r
o
w
th
,
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
,
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
h
e
al
t
h
,
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e,
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
a
n
d
m
o
o
d
a
s
w
e
l
l
as
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
o
t
h
e
r
b
o
d
il
y
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
s
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
Me
d
ical
an
d
Hea
lth
Scien
ce
s
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
y
a
h
Y
o
g
y
ak
a
r
ta
(
ap
p
r
o
v
al
n
u
m
b
er
:
KE
/FKIK
/2
5
4
/EC/2
0
2
2
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
N
a
v
e
e
d
,
T.
L
a
k
k
a
,
a
n
d
E
.
A
.
H
a
a
p
a
l
a
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
n
t
h
e
a
ss
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
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e
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n
h
e
a
l
t
h
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
a
n
d
b
r
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e
a
l
t
h
i
n
c
h
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l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
l
e
sce
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
s
p
e
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i
a
l
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
t
o
d
i
e
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
9
5
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
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p
h
1
7
0
3
0
9
5
3
.
[
2
]
S
.
P
.
A
d
h
i
k
a
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
c
o
p
i
n
g
r
e
v
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e
w
o
f
2
0
1
9
N
o
v
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l
C
o
r
o
n
a
v
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r
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s
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u
r
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n
g
t
h
e
e
a
r
l
y
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
k
p
e
r
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o
d
:
E
p
i
d
e
m
i
o
l
o
g
y
,
c
a
u
s
e
s
,
c
l
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i
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m
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t
a
t
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o
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d
d
i
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g
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s
,
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r
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d
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,
”
P
r
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r
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t
,
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
S
q
u
a
r
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,
p
p
.
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0
,
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o
i
:
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.
2
1
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0
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/
r
s
.
2
.
2
4
4
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4
/
v
1
.
[
3
]
Z.
W
u
a
n
d
J.
M
.
M
c
G
o
o
g
a
n
,
“
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
a
n
d
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
l
e
ss
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
C
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
d
i
se
a
se
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
)
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
k
in
C
h
i
n
a
:
su
mm
a
r
y
o
f
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
7
2
3
1
4
c
a
s
e
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f
r
o
m t
h
e
C
h
i
n
e
se
c
e
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
d
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s
e
a
se
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
AM
A
-
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Am
e
ri
c
a
n
Me
d
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c
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l
Ass
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o
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v
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l
.
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,
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o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
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:
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0
.
1
0
0
1
/
j
a
ma
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
6
4
8
.
[
4
]
M
.
O
m
i
w
o
l
e
,
C
.
R
i
c
h
a
r
d
s
o
n
,
P
.
H
u
n
i
e
w
i
c
z
,
E
.
D
e
t
t
mer,
a
n
d
G
.
P
a
sl
a
k
i
s,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
mi
n
d
f
u
l
n
e
ss
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
e
r
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e
n
t
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o
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