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m
e
a
pr
i
or
i
t
y
t
o s
a
f
e
g
u
a
r
d bot
h t
he
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
a
nd publ
i
c
he
a
l
t
h.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
hi
s
i
s
s
ue
,
v
a
r
i
ous
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d,
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
t
hr
oug
h
t
he
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
da
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
t
e
c
hni
que
s
s
uc
h
a
s
da
t
a
m
i
ni
ng
a
nd
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
.
T
he
s
e
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
e
na
bl
e
t
he
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
pa
t
t
e
r
ns
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
i
n
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
da
t
a
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
t
o
opt
i
m
i
z
e
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
a
nd
di
s
pos
a
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
M
e
t
hods
s
uc
h
a
s
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
ha
v
e
p
r
o
v
e
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
c
a
t
e
g
or
i
z
i
ng
a
nd
pr
e
di
c
t
i
ng
w
a
s
t
e
t
y
pe
s
ba
s
e
d
on
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
l
i
ke
pH
,
B
O
D
(
bi
oc
he
m
i
c
a
l
oxy
g
e
n
de
m
a
nd
)
,
C
O
D
(
c
he
m
i
c
a
l
oxyge
n
de
m
a
nd
)
,
a
nd
h
e
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
l
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
ons
[
4]
.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
hi
s
i
s
s
ue
,
v
a
r
i
ous
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
e
m
pl
oye
d,
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
t
hr
oug
h
t
he
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
da
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
s
uc
h
a
s
da
t
a
m
i
ni
n
g
a
nd
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
e
t
e
c
hni
que
s
e
na
bl
e
t
he
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
pa
t
t
e
r
ns
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
i
n
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
da
t
a
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
t
o
opt
i
m
i
z
e
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
a
nd
di
s
pos
a
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
M
e
t
hods
s
uc
h
a
s
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
ha
v
e
pr
o
v
e
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
c
a
t
e
g
or
i
z
i
n
g
a
nd
pr
e
di
c
t
i
ng
w
a
s
t
e
t
y
pe
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
l
i
ke
pH
,
B
O
D
,
C
O
D
,
a
nd
he
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
l
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
ons
[
5]
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
c
ha
l
l
e
ng
e
i
n
m
a
na
g
i
n
g
t
e
xt
i
l
e
i
ndus
t
r
y
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
l
i
e
s
i
n
t
he
i
nc
o
m
pl
e
t
e
ne
s
s
of
da
t
a
a
nd
t
he
hi
g
h
v
a
r
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
E
f
f
l
ue
nt
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
of
t
e
n
c
ont
a
i
n
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
a
nd
e
xhi
bi
t
v
a
r
y
i
ng
s
c
a
l
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
c
om
pr
o
m
i
s
e
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
[
6]
.
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
pr
opos
e
s
t
he
us
e
of
t
he
K
-
m
e
doi
ds
a
l
g
or
i
t
h
m
f
or
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
da
t
a
.
P
r
i
or
t
o
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
,
t
w
o
m
e
t
hods
f
or
ha
ndl
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
w
i
l
l
be
c
om
p
a
r
e
d:
K
-
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
i
g
h
bor
(
K
N
N
)
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
a
nd
t
he
r
e
pl
a
c
e
m
e
nt
of
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o.
A
ddi
t
i
ona
l
l
y
,
da
t
a
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
us
i
ng
t
he
Z
-
S
c
or
e
m
e
t
hod
w
i
l
l
be
a
ppl
i
e
d
t
o
e
ns
ur
e
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y
i
n
t
he
s
c
a
l
e
of
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
[
7]
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
pr
e
v
i
ous
s
t
udi
e
s
ha
v
e
de
v
e
l
ope
d
m
e
t
hodol
og
i
e
s
f
or
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
d
a
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
.
F
or
i
n
s
t
a
nc
e
,
r
a
ndo
m
f
or
e
s
t
w
a
s
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d
t
o
pr
e
di
c
t
s
ur
f
a
c
e
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
i
n
I
ndi
a
,
de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
i
ng
s
upe
r
i
or
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
m
e
t
hods
s
uc
h
a
s
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
ne
ur
a
l
ne
t
w
or
k
(
A
N
N
)
a
nd
s
uppor
t
v
e
c
t
or
m
a
c
hi
ne
(
S
V
M
)
[
8]
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
g
r
a
di
e
nt
boos
t
i
ng
,
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
C
a
t
B
oos
t
,
w
a
s
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d
a
s
t
he
opt
i
m
a
l
m
ode
l
f
or
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
on
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
a
nd
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
da
t
a
,
a
c
hi
e
v
i
n
g
a
pe
r
f
e
c
t
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
ope
r
a
t
i
ng
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
-
a
r
e
a
unde
r
t
he
c
ur
v
e
(
R
O
C
-
A
U
C
)
s
c
or
e
of
1.0
[
9]
.
I
n
t
he
c
on
t
e
xt
of
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
,
A
G
N
E
S
(
a
gg
l
o
m
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
ne
s
t
i
ng
)
e
xhi
bi
t
e
d
t
he
hi
g
he
s
t
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
w
i
t
h
a
pur
i
t
y
s
c
or
e
of
0.955,
w
hi
l
e
D
B
S
C
A
N
pr
o
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
ha
ndl
i
ng
noi
s
y
da
t
a
[
10]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
e
s
t
udi
e
s
di
d
not
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
he
c
ha
l
l
e
ng
e
s
of
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
ha
ndl
i
ng
a
nd
da
t
a
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
i
n
t
he
c
on
t
e
xt
of
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
t
e
xt
i
l
e
i
ndus
t
r
y
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
. O
t
he
r
r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
s
t
udi
e
s
ha
v
e
e
xpl
or
e
d i
m
put
a
t
i
on m
e
t
hods
f
or
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
da
t
a
.
F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
a
c
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
udy
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
v
a
r
i
ous
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,
i
nc
l
ud
i
n
g
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
di
s
t
a
nc
e
w
e
i
g
ht
i
n
g
(
I
D
W
)
,
r
a
ndo
m
f
or
e
s
t
r
e
gr
e
s
s
or
(
R
F
R
)
, a
nd K
-
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
i
g
hbor
s
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
or
(
K
N
N
R
)
, a
nd f
ound t
ha
t
o
v
e
r
76%
of
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
r
e
s
ul
t
s
w
e
r
e
de
e
m
e
d
"
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
or
y
,
"
w
i
t
h
I
D
W
y
i
e
l
di
ng
t
he
b
e
s
t
out
c
om
e
s
[
11]
.
S
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
a
not
he
r
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
on
e
xa
m
i
n
e
d
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
of
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
c
onc
l
udi
ng
t
ha
t
t
he
s
uc
c
e
s
s
of
t
he
s
e
t
e
c
hni
que
s
he
a
v
i
l
y
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
c
a
s
e
,
t
he
c
hos
e
n
m
e
t
hod,
t
he
c
hos
e
n
m
e
t
hod,
a
nd
t
he
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
of
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
[
12]
.
A
ddi
t
i
ona
l
l
y
,
a
c
o
m
pr
e
he
ns
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
hi
g
hl
i
g
ht
e
d
v
a
r
i
ou
s
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
t
o
ha
ndl
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
i
n
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
,
e
m
pha
s
i
z
i
ng
t
he
i
m
por
t
a
n
c
e
of
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
ppr
opr
i
a
t
e
m
e
t
hods
t
o pr
e
s
e
r
v
e
da
t
a
i
nt
e
gr
i
t
y
[
13]
.
T
he
pr
i
m
a
r
y
c
ont
r
i
but
i
on
of
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
i
s
t
o
c
o
m
pa
r
e
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
of
K
N
N
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
a
nd
t
he
r
e
pl
a
c
e
m
e
nt
of
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o
i
n
t
he
c
ont
e
xt
of
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
da
t
a
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
m
pl
oy
s
t
he
K
-
m
e
doi
ds
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
t
o c
l
us
t
e
r
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
da
t
a
b
a
s
e
d on ke
y
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
s
uc
h a
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
, p
H
,
B
O
D
, a
nd
c
onduc
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
T
he
qua
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
r
e
s
ul
t
s
i
s
t
he
n
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
us
i
ng
t
he
D
B
I
.
T
he
obj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
of
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
a
r
e
t
hr
e
e
f
ol
d:
(
i
)
t
o
i
de
nt
i
f
y
t
he
m
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
m
e
t
hod
f
or
h
a
ndl
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
,
(
ii
)
t
o
de
v
e
l
op
a
n
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
m
ode
l
,
a
nd
(
iii
)
t
o
pr
ov
i
de
a
c
t
i
ona
bl
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
nda
t
i
ons
f
or
m
or
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
.
T
he
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
be
ne
f
i
t
s
of
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
nc
l
ude
e
nha
nc
i
ng t
he
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
of
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
i
n i
ndus
t
r
i
a
l
s
e
t
t
i
ng
s
, r
e
duc
i
ng
t
he
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
of
pol
l
ut
i
on, a
nd e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
hi
ng
a
f
ounda
t
i
on
f
or
t
he
de
v
e
l
op
m
e
nt
of
a
d
v
a
nc
e
d
m
e
t
hods
f
or
e
f
f
l
ue
nt
da
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ut
i
l
i
z
e
s
da
t
a
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
K
a
gg
l
e
i
n
C
S
V
f
or
m
a
t
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
i
t
us
i
ng
m
a
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
e
t
hods
.
T
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
c
ons
i
s
t
s
of
2
0
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
c
ol
um
ns
a
nd
620
r
ow
s
,
a
l
t
houg
h
not
a
l
l
a
t
t
r
i
bu
t
e
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
da
t
a
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
.
O
nl
y
t
hos
e
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
e
xt
i
l
e
i
ndus
t
r
y
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
da
t
a
a
r
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
d
f
ur
t
he
r
.
A
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
1,
t
hi
s
s
t
a
ge
of
t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
s
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
a
s
da
t
a
p
r
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
.
A
t
t
hi
s
s
t
a
g
e
,
i
r
r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
or
unne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
da
t
a
w
i
l
l
be
r
e
m
o
v
e
d,
w
hi
l
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
da
t
a
w
i
l
l
be
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
o
r
us
e
i
n
t
he
ne
xt
s
t
e
ps
.
T
he
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
c
a
us
a
l
i
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
da
t
a
s
e
t
i
s
a
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
v
e
c
ol
l
e
c
t
i
on
of
da
t
a
de
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
e
xpl
or
e
c
a
us
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
ps
be
t
w
e
e
n
v
a
r
i
ous
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
nd
t
he
f
a
c
t
or
s
i
nf
l
ue
nc
i
ng
t
he
m
.
T
hi
s
da
t
a
s
e
t
t
y
pi
c
a
l
l
y i
nc
l
ude
s
de
t
a
i
l
e
d i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on on w
a
t
e
r
pol
l
ut
i
on l
e
v
e
l
s
,
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
a
l
c
ondi
t
i
ons
, a
nd t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
hum
a
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
i
ndus
t
r
i
a
l
di
s
c
ha
r
g
e
a
n
d
a
g
r
i
c
ul
t
ur
a
l
r
unof
f
,
on
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
.
I
t
s
e
r
v
e
s
a
s
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
s
our
c
e
f
or
unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng
how
t
he
s
e
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
i
m
pa
c
t
t
he
he
a
l
t
h
a
nd
s
us
t
a
i
na
bi
l
i
t
y
of
a
qua
t
i
c
e
c
os
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
H
andl
i
ng m
i
s
s
i
ng v
al
ue
s
an
d
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
al
l
i
qui
d
w
as
t
e
…
(
R
at
i
h H
af
s
ar
ah M
ahar
r
ani
)
1413
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
m
a
y
c
ont
a
i
n
noi
s
e
,
e
r
r
or
s
,
i
nc
ons
i
s
t
e
nc
i
e
s
,
e
xc
e
pt
i
ons
,
or
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
.
T
he
s
e
i
s
s
ue
s
c
a
n
i
nt
r
oduc
e
c
onf
us
i
on
a
nd i
na
c
c
ur
a
c
i
e
s
dur
i
ng
t
he
pa
t
t
e
r
n
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
n
da
t
a
m
i
ni
n
g
.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
u
e
s
, i
m
put
a
t
i
on m
e
t
hods
w
e
r
e
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d.
I
m
put
a
t
i
on i
s
one
of
t
he
m
e
t
hods
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d t
o ha
ndl
e
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n t
he
da
t
a
by
pr
o
v
i
di
n
g
a
n a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
of
t
hos
e
v
a
l
ue
s
[
14]
,
[
15]
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1. R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
t
a
g
e
s
2.1. H
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
m
i
s
s
i
n
g d
at
a w
i
t
h
K
N
N
i
m
p
u
t
at
i
on
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
,
K
N
N
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
w
a
s
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d
t
o
ha
ndl
e
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
due
t
o
i
t
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o
pr
oduc
e
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
by
l
e
v
e
r
a
g
i
ng
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
f
r
o
m
t
he
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
i
g
hbor
s
i
n
t
he
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
pa
c
e
[
14]
.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
hni
que
f
i
l
l
s
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
by
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ng
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
ge
(
or
m
od
e
)
of
t
he
k
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
i
g
hb
or
s
w
i
t
h
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
v
a
l
ue
s
,
t
he
r
e
b
y
m
a
i
nt
a
i
ni
ng
t
he
i
nt
e
g
r
i
t
y
of
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
a
nd
i
m
pr
o
v
i
n
g
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l
s
[
16]
.
T
he
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
v
ol
v
e
s
t
hr
e
e
s
t
e
ps
:
(
i
)
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ng
t
he
E
uc
l
i
de
a
n
di
s
t
a
nc
e
be
t
w
e
e
n
da
t
a
poi
nt
s
w
i
t
h
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
a
nd
t
he
r
e
s
t
of
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
,
(
ii
)
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
ng
t
he
K
N
N
w
i
t
h
c
om
pl
e
t
e
v
a
l
ue
s
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d
di
s
t
a
nc
e
,
a
nd
(
iii
)
i
m
put
i
ng
t
he
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
us
i
ng
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
ge
(
or
m
ode
)
of
t
he
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
ne
i
g
hbor
s
.
T
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
of
K
N
N
I
m
put
a
t
i
on w
a
s
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d us
i
ng
r
oot
m
e
a
n s
qua
r
e
e
r
r
or
(
R
M
S
E
)
, w
hi
c
h
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
t
he
i
m
put
e
d
v
a
l
ue
s
a
nd
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
s
c
om
p
a
r
i
s
ons
be
t
w
e
e
n
m
e
t
hods
[
17]
,
[
18]
.
R
M
S
E
s
e
r
v
e
s
a
s
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
m
e
t
r
i
c
f
or
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
i
m
put
a
t
i
on t
e
c
hni
que
s
i
n a
ddr
e
s
s
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
u
e
pr
obl
e
m
s
.
2.2. H
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
m
i
s
s
i
n
g d
at
a
(
r
e
p
l
ac
i
n
g m
i
s
s
i
n
g val
u
e
s
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o
)
T
he
s
e
c
ond
m
e
t
hod
i
n
v
ol
v
e
s
r
e
pl
a
c
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o,
w
he
r
e
e
a
c
h
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
i
n
e
a
c
h
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
i
s
s
u
bs
t
i
t
ut
e
d
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o
w
i
t
hout
c
ons
i
de
r
i
ng
t
he
unde
r
l
y
i
ng
da
t
a
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
pa
t
t
e
r
n
[
19]
.
W
hi
l
e
t
hi
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h
i
s
s
i
m
pl
e
r
,
i
t
m
a
y
i
nt
r
oduc
e
bi
a
s
i
f
t
he
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
a
r
e
not
r
a
ndo
m
l
y
di
s
t
r
i
but
e
d.
T
hi
s
m
e
t
hod
i
s
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
us
e
f
ul
i
n s
c
e
na
r
i
os
w
he
r
e
c
o
m
put
a
t
i
ona
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
i
s
pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
e
d o
v
e
r
pr
e
c
i
s
i
on.
2.3. D
at
a
n
or
m
al
i
z
at
i
on
D
a
t
a
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
w
a
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
t
o
e
ns
ur
e
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y
i
n
t
he
s
c
a
l
e
of
t
he
da
t
a
,
a
v
oi
d
bi
a
s
i
n
di
s
t
a
nc
e
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ons
, a
nd i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
i
m
put
a
t
i
on r
e
s
ul
t
s
. T
he
Z
-
s
c
or
e
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
m
e
t
hod
w
a
s
a
ppl
i
e
d,
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
i
n
g
t
he
da
t
a
i
nt
o
a
nor
m
a
l
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
w
i
t
h
a
m
e
a
n
of
0
a
nd
a
s
t
a
nda
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
on
of
1
[
20]
,
[
21]
. T
he
f
or
m
ul
a
f
o
r
Z
-
s
c
or
e
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on i
s
a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
Z
=
(
−
)
σ
(
1)
w
he
r
e
Z
i
s
t
he
nor
m
a
l
i
z
e
d
v
a
l
ue
,
X
i
s
t
he
or
i
g
i
na
l
v
a
l
ue
,
μ
i
s
t
he
m
e
a
n
of
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
,
a
nd
σ
i
s
t
he
s
t
a
nda
r
d
de
v
i
a
t
i
on of
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
.
F
or
K
N
N
I
m
put
a
t
i
on,
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
w
a
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
be
f
or
e
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
be
c
a
us
e
K
N
N
r
e
l
i
e
s
he
a
v
i
l
y
on di
s
t
a
nc
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
(
e
.
g
., E
uc
l
i
de
a
n or
M
a
nha
t
t
a
n)
t
o c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
pr
oxi
m
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n da
t
a
poi
nt
s
. I
f
t
he
s
c
a
l
e
s
o
f
t
he
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
di
f
f
e
r
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
,
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
w
i
t
h
l
a
r
g
e
r
s
c
a
l
e
s
m
a
y
do
m
i
na
t
e
t
he
di
s
t
a
nc
e
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on,
l
e
a
di
ng
t
o
bi
a
s
e
d
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
r
e
s
ul
t
s
.
I
n
c
ont
r
a
s
t
,
f
or
t
he
m
e
t
hod
of
r
e
pl
a
c
i
ng
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
v
a
l
ue
s
w
i
t
h
z
e
r
o,
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
w
a
s
a
ppl
i
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
i
m
put
a
t
i
on t
o e
ns
ur
e
a
l
l
da
t
a
poi
nt
s
(
i
nc
l
udi
ng
i
m
put
e
d
v
a
l
ue
s
)
w
e
r
e
on t
he
s
a
m
e
s
c
a
l
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
3
9
, N
o.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
20
25
:
1
411
-
1
420
1414
2.4. C
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
K
-
m
e
d
oi
d
s
al
gor
i
t
h
m
T
he
K
-
m
e
doi
ds
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
w
a
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
or
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
t
he
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
da
t
a
due
t
o
i
t
s
r
obu
s
t
ne
s
s
i
n
ha
ndl
i
ng
noi
s
e
a
nd out
l
i
e
r
s
[
22]
.
U
nl
i
ke
K
-
m
e
a
ns
,
w
hi
c
h us
e
s
c
e
nt
r
oi
ds
, K
-
m
e
doi
ds
s
e
l
e
c
t
s
a
c
t
ua
l
da
t
a
poi
nt
s
(
m
e
doi
ds
)
a
s
c
l
us
t
e
r
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
v
e
s
.
A
m
e
doi
d
i
s
t
he
da
t
a
poi
nt
w
i
t
hi
n
a
c
l
us
t
e
r
t
ha
t
ha
s
t
he
m
i
ni
m
u
m
t
ot
a
l
di
s
t
a
nc
e
t
o
a
l
l
ot
he
r
poi
n
t
s
i
n
t
he
c
l
us
t
e
r
,
m
a
ki
n
g
i
t
m
or
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
v
e
a
nd
l
e
s
s
s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
out
l
i
e
r
s
[
23]
–
[
25]
.
T
h
e
K
-
m
e
doi
ds
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
be
g
i
ns
w
i
t
h
t
he
i
ni
t
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
s
t
e
p,
w
he
r
e
K
-
m
e
doi
ds
a
r
e
r
a
ndo
m
l
y
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
.
N
e
xt
,
i
n
t
he
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
nt
s
t
e
p,
e
a
c
h
d
a
t
a
poi
nt
i
s
a
s
s
i
g
ne
d
t
o
t
he
ne
a
r
e
s
t
m
e
doi
d us
i
ng
E
uc
l
i
de
a
n di
s
t
a
nc
e
, w
hi
c
h i
s
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d a
s
:
(
,
)
=
‖
−
‖
=
√
∑
(
−
)
2
;
1
,
2
,
3
,
…
.
=
1
(
2)
w
he
r
e
x
a
nd
y
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
da
t
a
poi
nt
s
,
a
nd
n
i
s
t
he
num
be
r
of
di
m
e
ns
i
ons
.
A
f
t
e
r
a
s
s
i
g
ni
n
g
a
l
l
da
t
a
poi
nt
s
t
o
t
he
i
r
ne
a
r
e
s
t
m
e
doi
ds
,
t
he
upda
t
e
m
e
doi
ds
s
t
e
p
i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
b
y
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
ng
a
ne
w
m
e
doi
d
w
i
t
hi
n
e
a
c
h
c
l
us
t
e
r
t
ha
t
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
s
t
he
t
ot
a
l
di
s
t
a
nc
e
t
o
a
l
l
ot
he
r
p
oi
nt
s
i
n
t
he
c
l
us
t
e
r
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
t
he
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
i
t
e
r
a
t
e
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
nt
a
nd
upda
t
e
s
t
e
ps
unt
i
l
t
h
e
m
e
doi
ds
no
l
ong
e
r
c
ha
n
g
e
or
a
pr
e
de
f
i
ne
d
s
t
oppi
ng
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
on
i
s
m
e
t
.
T
hi
s
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
ns
ur
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
op
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
a
nd
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
v
e
of
t
he
unde
r
l
y
i
ng
da
t
a
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
.
2.
5
. C
l
u
s
t
e
r
e
val
u
at
i
on
u
s
i
n
g D
avi
e
s
-
B
ou
l
d
i
n
i
n
d
e
x
T
he
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
r
e
s
ul
t
s
w
a
s
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d us
i
ng t
he
D
B
I
. D
B
I
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
o
f
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
b
y
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ng
t
he
r
a
t
i
o
of
w
i
t
hi
n
-
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
t
o
be
t
w
e
e
n
-
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
e
pa
r
a
t
i
on.
A
l
o
w
e
r
D
B
I
v
a
l
u
e
i
ndi
c
a
t
e
s
w
e
l
l
-
s
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d
a
nd
c
o
m
pa
c
t
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
,
w
hi
l
e
a
hi
g
he
r
v
a
l
ue
s
ugge
s
t
s
ov
e
r
l
a
ppi
ng
or
poor
l
y
de
f
i
ne
d
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
[
26]
.
T
he
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on of
t
he
D
B
I
v
a
l
ue
c
a
n be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
D
B
I
=
∑
≠
1
=
1
(
+
)
(
3)
w
he
r
e
:
S
i
i
s
t
he
s
i
z
e
(
v
a
r
i
a
nc
e
)
of
c
l
us
t
e
r
i,
d
ij
i
s
t
he
di
s
t
a
nc
e
be
t
w
e
e
n c
l
us
t
e
r
c
e
nt
e
r
s
I
a
nd
j,
a
nd
n
i
s
t
he
num
b
e
r
of
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
.
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
3.1. D
at
a
p
r
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
i
n
g
T
he
i
ni
t
i
a
l
s
t
a
g
e
of
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
i
nv
ol
v
e
d
pr
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
r
a
w
da
t
a
t
o
e
ns
ur
e
i
t
s
s
ui
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
f
or
f
ur
t
he
r
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
.
T
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
,
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
K
a
gg
l
e
,
c
ons
i
s
t
s
of
620
da
t
a
po
i
nt
s
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
ous
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
t
o
i
ndus
t
r
i
a
l
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
.
A
s
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
2,
onl
y
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
w
e
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
or
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
i
nc
l
udi
ng
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
,
di
s
s
ol
v
e
d
ox
yg
e
n
(
D
O
)
,
p
H
,
c
onduc
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
nd
B
O
D
.
T
he
s
e
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
w
e
r
e
c
hos
e
n
due
t
o
t
he
i
r
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
i
m
pa
c
t
on
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
a
l
he
a
l
t
h.
F
or
i
ns
t
a
nc
e
,
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
s
c
he
m
i
c
a
l
r
e
a
c
t
i
ons
i
n
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
,
w
i
t
h
hi
g
he
r
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
s
i
ndi
c
a
t
i
ng
t
he
r
m
a
l
pol
l
ut
i
on
[
27]
.
S
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
D
O
l
e
v
e
l
s
s
e
r
v
e
a
s
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
i
ndi
c
a
t
or
of
or
g
a
ni
c
pol
l
ut
i
on,
w
hi
l
e
pH
a
nd
c
onduc
t
i
v
i
t
y
pr
o
v
i
d
e
i
ns
i
g
ht
s
i
nt
o t
he
s
ui
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
w
a
t
e
r
f
or
a
qua
t
i
c
l
i
f
e
[
28]
.
B
O
D
l
e
v
e
l
s
,
on
t
he
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
he
e
xt
e
nt
of
or
g
a
ni
c
pol
l
ut
i
on,
w
i
t
h
hi
g
he
r
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
ndi
c
a
t
i
ng
s
t
r
on
g
e
r
pol
l
ut
i
on
due
t
o
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
e
d
ba
c
t
e
r
i
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
a
n
d
oxyg
e
n de
pl
e
t
i
on
[
29]
.
F
i
g
ur
e
2
.
W
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
H
andl
i
ng m
i
s
s
i
ng v
al
ue
s
an
d
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
al
l
i
qui
d
w
as
t
e
…
(
R
at
i
h H
af
s
ar
ah M
ahar
r
ani
)
1415
3.2.
H
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
m
i
s
s
i
n
g val
u
e
s
a
n
d
d
at
a n
or
m
al
i
z
at
i
on
T
he
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
c
ont
a
i
ne
d
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
ue
s
,
a
s
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1,
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e
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2)
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1. D
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No
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)
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pH
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22
N
or
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
i
s
i
m
por
t
a
nt
,
c
ons
i
de
r
i
ng
t
ha
t
T
a
bl
e
1
c
ont
a
i
ns
da
t
a
w
i
t
h
l
a
r
g
e
r
v
a
l
ue
s
c
a
l
e
s
.
I
f
t
he
da
t
a
i
s
not
nor
m
a
l
i
z
e
d
be
f
or
e
t
he
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
i
t
c
a
n
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
m
p
a
c
t
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
i
ng
R
M
S
E
v
a
l
ue
.
W
i
t
hout
nor
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on,
t
he
K
N
N
m
ode
l
t
e
nds
t
o
g
i
v
e
m
or
e
w
e
i
g
ht
t
o
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
w
i
t
h
l
a
r
g
e
r
s
c
a
l
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
l
e
a
d t
o l
e
s
s
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
pr
e
di
c
t
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ons
a
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nc
r
e
a
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s
t
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m
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t
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on e
r
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or
.
A
f
t
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t
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t
, t
he
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t
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t
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nue
s
w
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t
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pr
oc
e
s
s
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ng
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s
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ng
K
N
N
i
m
put
a
t
i
on.
M
e
a
n
w
hi
l
e
,
i
n
t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
r
e
pl
a
c
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n
g
m
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s
s
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ng
v
a
l
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s
w
i
t
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r
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,
nor
m
a
l
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z
a
t
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on i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
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d
a
f
t
e
r
f
i
l
l
i
ng
i
n t
he
v
a
l
ue
of
0.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
3
9
, N
o.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
20
25
:
1
411
-
1
420
1416
3.3.
K
N
N
i
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
, r
oot
m
e
an
s
q
u
ar
e
e
r
r
or
T
he
pr
e
s
e
n
c
e
of
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
i
s
a
s
e
r
i
ous
pr
obl
e
m
,
a
s
i
t
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
d
a
t
a
-
ba
s
e
d
a
na
l
y
s
e
s
a
nd
de
c
i
s
i
ons
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
i
t
i
s
ur
g
e
nt
t
o
pe
r
f
or
m
m
i
s
s
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n
g
v
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l
ue
i
m
put
a
t
i
on
us
i
ng
t
he
K
N
N
m
e
t
hod.
T
hi
s
m
e
t
hod not
onl
y
he
l
ps
f
i
l
l
i
n t
he
m
i
s
s
i
ng
v
a
l
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s
b
a
s
e
d on t
he
c
l
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e
s
t
r
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l
e
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nt
d
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t
a
but
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l
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m
a
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nt
a
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ns
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nt
e
g
r
i
t
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a
nd r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
ps
be
t
w
e
e
n
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
i
n t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
.
F
i
g
ur
e
3
s
how
s
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
t
he
K
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m
ode
l
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
us
i
ng
R
M
S
E
.
T
he
m
ode
l
w
a
s
t
e
s
t
e
d
w
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t
h
v
a
r
i
ous
v
a
l
ue
s
of
K
,
na
m
e
l
y
1,
5,
10,
15,
a
nd
20,
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
he
opt
i
m
a
l
v
a
l
ue
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K
t
ha
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o
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de
s
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pr
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di
c
t
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on
e
r
r
or
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n
T
a
bl
e
3.
W
he
n
K
=
1,
t
he
R
M
S
E
w
a
s
0.884,
i
n
di
c
a
t
i
ng
a
hi
g
h
e
r
r
or
r
a
t
e
due
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o
t
he
K
N
N
m
ode
l
'
s
s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
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t
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o
noi
s
e
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t
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v
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s
.
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
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ng
K
t
o
5
r
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duc
e
d
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1419
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C
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S
[
1]
B
.
J
.
S
i
ngh
,
A
.
C
h
a
kr
a
bor
t
y,
a
n
d
R
.
S
e
hg
a
l
,
“
A
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
o
f
i
n
dus
t
r
i
a
l
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
e
va
l
u
a
t
i
ng
c
h
a
l
l
e
ng
e
s
a
n
d
e
n
a
bl
e
r
s
,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
M
anage
m
e
nt
,
vol
.
348,
pp.
1
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2023
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doi
:
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j
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j
e
n
v
m
a
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230.
[
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M
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S
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I
.
A
f
r
a
d
,
M
.
B
.
M
o
ni
r
,
M
.
E
.
H
a
que
,
A
.
A
.
B
a
r
a
u,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
H
a
que
,
“
I
m
pa
c
t
of
i
n
dus
t
r
i
a
l
e
f
f
l
ue
n
t
o
n
w
a
t
e
r
,
s
oi
l
a
n
d
r
i
c
e
pr
oduc
t
i
o
n
i
n
B
a
ng
l
a
de
s
h
:
a
c
a
s
e
of
T
ur
a
g
R
i
ve
r
B
a
n
k
,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
H
e
al
t
h
Sc
i
e
nc
e
and
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
vol
.
18,
n
o.
2,
pp.
825
–
834,
2020,
doi
:
10.
1007/
s
40201
-
020
-
00506
-
8.
[
3]
L
.
L
i
n
,
H
.
Y
a
ng
,
a
n
d
X
.
X
u
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
w
a
t
e
r
pol
l
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
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n
d
di
s
e
a
s
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h
e
t
e
r
o
g
e
n
e
i
t
y:
a
r
e
vi
e
w
,
”
F
r
ont
i
e
r
s
i
n
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
vol
.
10,
no.
J
un
e
,
2022
,
doi
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f
e
n
vs
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2022.
880246.
[
4]
R
.
S
h
r
i
va
s
t
a
va
a
n
d
N
.
K
.
S
i
ngh,
“
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
of
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
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t
y
o
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f
f
l
ue
n
t
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n
d
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t
s
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
by
us
i
ng
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oa
gul
a
n
t
s
a
n
d
pl
a
nt
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
,
”
M
a
t
e
r
i
al
s
T
oday
:
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
,
vol
.
43,
n
o.
5,
pp.
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2021,
doi
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j
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m
a
t
p
r
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2021.
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[
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T
.
U
.
R
a
hm
a
n
e
t
al
.
,
“
T
h
e
a
dva
n
c
e
m
e
nt
i
n
m
e
m
br
a
n
e
bi
or
e
a
c
t
or
(
M
B
R
)
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
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o
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r
d
s
us
t
a
i
n
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bl
e
i
n
dus
t
r
i
a
l
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
,
”
M
e
m
br
ane
s
,
vol
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no.
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2023,
doi
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e
m
b
r
a
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e
s
13020181.
[
6]
B
.
C
h
e
n
e
t
al
.
,
“
I
n
s
e
a
r
c
h
of
ke
y:
pr
ot
e
c
t
i
ng
hu
m
a
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
c
os
ys
t
e
m
f
r
o
m
w
a
t
e
r
pol
l
ut
i
o
n
i
n
C
hi
n
a
,
”
J
our
nal
of
C
l
e
ane
r
P
r
oduc
t
i
on
,
vol
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pp.
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–
111,
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j
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j
c
l
e
p
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2019.
04.
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P
.
K
.
J
e
n
a
,
S
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M
.
R
a
h
a
m
a
n,
P
.
K
.
D
a
s
M
o
h
a
pa
t
r
a
,
D
.
P
.
B
a
r
i
k
,
a
n
d
D
.
S
.
P
a
t
r
a
,
“
S
ur
f
a
c
e
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
b
y
r
a
n
do
m
f
or
e
s
t
,
”
W
at
e
r
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
and
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
,
vol
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n
o.
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w
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[
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I
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G
ul
s
h
i
n
a
n
d
O
.
K
u
z
i
n
a
,
“
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
m
e
t
hods
f
or
t
h
e
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n
of
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
a
n
o
m
a
l
y
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
l
a
c
k
of
h
i
s
t
or
i
c
a
l
da
t
a
,
”
A
pp
l
i
e
d
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
Sw
i
t
z
e
r
l
and)
,
vol
.
14,
n
o.
22,
2024
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doi
:
10.
3390/
a
pp
142210689.
[
9]
K
.
C
h
e
n
e
t
al
.
,
“
U
s
i
ng
u
n
s
upe
r
v
i
s
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
t
o
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
i
nl
e
t
w
a
t
e
r
f
or
m
o
r
e
s
t
a
bl
e
de
s
i
gn
of
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
us
e
i
n
i
ndus
t
r
i
a
l
pa
r
ks
,
”
W
at
e
r
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
hno
l
ogy
,
vol
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89,
n
o.
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1757
–
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2024.
[
10]
N
i
t
ya
N
a
n
d
J
h
a
,
“
C
o
m
p
ut
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
a
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
a
n
a
l
yt
i
c
s
f
or
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n
of
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
,
”
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
ons
on
A
ppl
i
e
d
N
onl
i
ne
ar
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
vol
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31,
n
o.
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,
pp.
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465,
2024,
doi
:
10.
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c
a
n
a
.
v31.
942.
[
11]
R
.
R
odr
í
g
ue
z
e
t
al
.
,
“
W
a
t
e
r
-
qua
l
i
t
y
da
t
a
i
m
put
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
gh
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
g
e
of
m
i
s
s
i
ng
va
l
ue
s
:
a
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
,
”
Sus
t
ai
nabi
l
i
t
y
(
Sw
i
t
z
e
r
l
and)
,
vol
.
13,
n
o.
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pp.
1
–
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2021,
doi
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[
12]
M
.
S
.
O
s
m
a
n,
A
.
M
.
A
bu
-
M
a
h
f
ou
z
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
.
P
a
g
e
,
“
A
s
ur
ve
y
o
n
da
t
a
i
m
put
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
:
w
a
t
e
r
di
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
a
s
a
us
e
c
a
s
e
,
”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
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vol
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E
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S
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[
13]
Y
.
F
.
Z
h
a
ng
,
P
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J
.
T
h
or
bur
n,
M
.
P
.
V
i
l
a
s
,
a
n
d
P
.
F
i
t
c
h
,
“
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
a
ppr
oa
c
h
e
s
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
a
n
d
pr
e
di
c
t
w
a
t
e
r
qua
l
i
t
y
da
t
a
,
”
23r
d
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
ongr
e
s
s
on
M
ode
l
l
i
ng
a
nd
Si
m
ul
at
i
on
-
Supp
or
t
i
ng
E
v
i
de
n
c
e
-
B
as
e
d
D
e
c
i
s
i
on
M
ak
i
n
g:
T
he
R
ol
e
of
M
ode
l
l
i
ng
and
Si
m
ul
at
i
on,
M
O
D
SI
M
2019
,
n
o.
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
,
pp.
491
–
497,
2019
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doi
:
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36334/
m
o
ds
i
m
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2019.
d5.
z
h
a
ng
yi
f
.
[
14]
D
.
M
.
P
.
M
ur
t
i
,
U
.
P
u
j
i
a
n
t
o
,
A
.
P
.
W
i
ba
w
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
I
.
A
kba
r
,
“
K
-
n
e
a
r
e
s
t
n
e
i
gh
b
or
(
K
-
N
N
)
ba
s
e
d
m
i
s
s
i
ng
da
t
a
i
m
p
ut
a
t
i
o
n,
”
i
n
2019
5t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on
T
e
c
hnol
o
gy
(
I
C
SI
T
e
c
h)
,
O
c
t
.
2019,
vol
.
5,
pp.
83
–
88,
doi
:
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I
C
S
I
T
e
c
h
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2019.
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30.
[
15]
L
.
M
uf
l
i
k
h
a
h
,
N
.
H
i
da
ya
t
,
a
nd
D
.
J
.
H
a
r
i
ya
n
t
o,
“
P
r
e
di
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
ype
r
t
e
nt
i
o
n
dr
u
g
t
h
e
r
a
py
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e
s
po
n
s
e
us
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ng
K
-
N
N
i
m
p
ut
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
S
V
M
a
l
gor
i
t
hm
,
”
I
ndone
s
i
an
J
our
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
vol
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15,
n
o.
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pp.
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–
467,
2019,
doi
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i
j
e
e
c
s
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v15.
i
1.
pp460
-
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[
16]
R
.
M
.
S
ya
uqi
,
P
.
N
.
S
a
br
i
n
a
,
a
n
d
I
.
S
a
n
t
i
ka
r
a
m
a
,
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K
-
m
e
a
n
s
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
w
i
t
h
K
N
N
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n
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m
e
a
n
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m
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t
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c
al
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t
e
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our
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ne
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gy
St
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l
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,
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r
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or
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h
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i
an
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our
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of
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h
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SE
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m
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l
us
t
e
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ng
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o
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n
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h
e
2020
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m
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l
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nni
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o
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i
n
S
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e
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R
e
g
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nt
hus
i
as
t
i
c
:
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nt
e
r
nat
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our
nal
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f
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ppl
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t
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s
ur
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or
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-
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s
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n
d
da
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s
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di
n
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de
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g
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S
t
u
di
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s
on
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h
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l
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i
o
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a
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body
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l
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i
n
d
us
t
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f
f
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n
t
s
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n
L
a
g
os
,
N
i
g
e
r
i
a
,
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J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
i
e
d
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
i
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E
nv
i
r
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San
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[
O
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va
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t
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i
t
y
i
n
di
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a
n
d
di
s
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ol
ve
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ox
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e
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n
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i
c
a
t
or
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or
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i
ve
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w
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m
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