I
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ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
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Co
m
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er
Science
Vo
l.
39
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2
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1
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Im
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R
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No
v
2
9
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Mar
11
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
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ted
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u
l
1
,
2
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2
5
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
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a
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
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ly
sis
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
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a
l
m
u
ltip
le
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in
p
u
t
m
u
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tp
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t
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IM
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ste
m
s
a
n
d
sp
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ti
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lo
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k
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d
in
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TBC)
e
n
h
a
n
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e
d
M
I
M
O
sy
ste
m
s
a
c
ro
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th
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d
isti
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t
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s
c
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a
n
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l
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s:
flat
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h
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d
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g
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m
u
lt
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p
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th
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lay
,
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
a
t
h
d
e
lay
with
c
o
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c
h
a
n
n
e
l
in
terfe
re
n
c
e
.
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e
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
S
T
BC
to
e
x
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m
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lt
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t
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ter
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l
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wh
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tri
e
d
t
o
re
p
re
se
n
t
th
ro
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g
h
th
is
wo
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k
.
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in
g
M
ATLAB
sim
u
latio
n
s,
we
e
v
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lu
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te
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th
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k
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tri
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it
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te
(BER)
.
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su
lt
s
s
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o
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t
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n
ifi
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n
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ly
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terfe
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lad
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e
n
v
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m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
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d
s
:
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R
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h
f
ad
in
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ch
an
n
el
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MS
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elay
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Sp
atial
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iv
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ity
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em
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s
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CC B
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uth
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r
:
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g
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Dep
ar
tm
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t o
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lectr
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ics an
d
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m
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in
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g
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K.
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o
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d
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h
n
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y
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lap
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r
,
4
1
3
0
0
1
,
Ma
h
ar
ash
tr
a
,
I
n
d
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m
ail: sh
in
d
eu
jwala@y
ah
o
o
.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Mu
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
a
c
o
r
n
e
r
s
to
n
e
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
an
d
wid
th
o
r
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
.
As
wir
el
ess
n
etwo
r
k
s
co
n
tin
u
e
to
ev
o
lv
e
to
war
d
s
5
G
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
,
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
d
ata
r
ates,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
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eliab
il
ity
,
an
d
b
etter
co
v
er
ag
e
h
as
in
ten
s
if
ied
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
a
d
v
an
ce
d
MI
MO
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Sp
ac
e
-
tim
e
b
l
o
ck
co
d
in
g
(
STBC
)
,
wh
en
co
m
b
in
ed
with
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
,
o
f
f
er
s
an
attr
ac
tiv
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
en
h
an
ci
n
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
p
r
em
is
e
o
f
MI
MO
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lies
in
its
ab
ilit
y
to
e
x
p
lo
it
m
u
ltip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
d
r
awb
ac
k
in
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
to
cr
ea
te
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
p
atial
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
is
s
p
atial
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
allo
ws
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
ata
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
lin
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
STB
C
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
a
n
ce
s
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
tem
p
o
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
d
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
als ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
s
p
ac
e
an
d
tim
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
t
o
co
m
b
at
f
ad
in
g
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
M
I
MO
-
STBC
s
y
s
tem
s
i
s
h
ea
v
ily
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
th
e
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
R
e
al
-
wo
r
ld
wir
eless
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
p
r
esen
t
v
a
r
io
u
s
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
u
ltip
a
th
d
elay
s
p
r
ea
d
an
d
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
,
wh
ich
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Un
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
th
ese
ef
f
ec
ts
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
39
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
94
1
-
95
1
942
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
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en
s
iv
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co
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p
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n
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ct
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io
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p
r
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ess
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ely
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ch
an
n
el
im
p
air
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
ex
am
i
n
es
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
id
ea
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
f
lat
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
a
r
io
in
tr
o
d
u
c
es
m
u
ltip
ath
d
ela
y
ef
f
ec
ts
,
r
ef
lectin
g
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
co
m
m
o
n
ly
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
u
r
b
an
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
.
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h
e
th
ir
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
co
m
b
in
es
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
with
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
ch
allen
g
in
g
b
u
t
r
ea
lis
tic
o
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atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
in
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
n
etwo
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k
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
an
M
x
N
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
in
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
els.
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h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
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we
aim
to
q
u
an
tify
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
en
ef
its
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tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
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C
im
p
lem
en
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n
in
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MO
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y
s
tem
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
es
e
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ar
y
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g
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n
n
el
co
n
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itio
n
s
.
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r
an
aly
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is
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o
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s
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n
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ey
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er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
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etr
ics,
in
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d
in
g
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
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B
E
R
)
,
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
,
an
d
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
er
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
la
n
n
e
r
s
in
s
elec
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t scen
ar
io
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
M
×N
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
T
h
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
is
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
tim
ely
g
iv
e
n
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
6
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es,
wh
er
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
MI
MO
te
ch
n
iq
u
es p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
m
ee
tin
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
d
em
an
d
s
an
d
r
eliab
il
ity
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
MI
MO
-
ST
B
C
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
a
n
n
el
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
STBC
w
ith
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
s
tu
d
ied
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
STBC
en
h
an
ce
s
s
y
s
tem
r
elia
b
ilit
y
b
y
ex
p
lo
itin
g
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
co
u
n
ter
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
f
ad
in
g
a
n
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
in
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
ar
ly
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
es
ea
r
ch
,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
io
n
ee
r
i
n
g
wo
r
k
b
y
Alam
o
u
ti
o
n
a
s
im
p
le
y
et
p
o
we
r
f
u
l
STBC
s
ch
em
e,
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
in
th
i
s
f
ield
[
1
]
.
Alam
o
u
ti’s
s
ch
em
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
STBC
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ig
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
id
ea
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
ettin
g
th
e
s
tag
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
STBC
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
esear
c
h
h
a
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
c
h
allen
g
e
s
s
u
ch
as
m
u
ltip
ath
d
ela
y
s
p
r
ea
d
,
in
ter
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
SI)
,
an
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
eg
r
ad
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
S
T
B
C
-
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
L
in
[
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tap
s
elec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
b
ased
o
n
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
e
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
OR
L
S)
an
d
Ma
tch
in
g
Pu
r
s
u
it
(
MP)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ch
an
n
el
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
in
u
ltra
-
wid
eb
an
d
(
UW
B
)
m
u
ltip
ath
c
h
an
n
els
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
I
SI
a
n
d
u
n
k
n
o
wn
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was e
x
ten
d
ed
t
o
h
ig
h
-
d
ata
-
r
ate
UW
B
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
r
ec
eiv
e
an
ten
n
a
s
elec
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
n
ar
r
o
wb
an
d
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
NB
I
)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
D’
Or
az
io
et
a
l.
[
3
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
ad
a
p
tiv
e
m
in
im
u
m
-
B
E
R
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
d
etec
ti
o
n
(
MU
D)
in
STBC
-
MI
MO
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
C
DM
A
s
y
s
tem
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
o
v
er
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
in
im
u
m
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
MM
SE
)
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
eir
w
o
r
k
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
M
UD
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
B
E
R
o
f
STBC
-
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
in
co
m
p
lex
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Similar
ly
,
Ait
-
I
d
ir
et
a
l.
[
4
]
e
x
am
in
e
d
a
t
u
r
b
o
p
ac
k
et
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
MI
MO
h
y
b
r
id
-
AR
Q
s
y
s
tem
s
with
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
e
r
en
c
e,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
u
n
d
e
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
co
u
l
d
ac
h
iev
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
u
n
e
q
u
al
-
p
o
wer
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
r
s
o
n
MI
MO
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
L
i
et
a
l
.
[
5
]
d
er
iv
e
d
cl
o
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
e
n
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ter
m
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
MI
M
O
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
.
Du
o
n
g
an
d
Z
ep
e
r
n
ick
[
6
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
d
esig
n
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
m
ax
im
u
m
r
atio
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
(
MRT)
s
y
s
tem
s
with
im
p
e
r
f
ec
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
,
e
m
p
h
as
izin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
m
a
th
em
atica
l m
o
d
elin
g
to
a
d
d
r
ess
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
is
s
u
e
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f m
u
ltip
a
th
d
ela
y
a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
terf
eren
ce
o
n
MIMO
a
n
d
S
TBC
-
MIMO
(
Ujw
a
la
B
o
n
g
a
le
)
943
Pli
ca
n
ic
an
d
L
au
[
7
]
i
n
v
es
tig
ated
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
an
d
h
eld
MI
MO
ter
m
i
n
als
in
u
r
b
an
m
icr
o
ce
llu
lar
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
e
x
am
in
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
n
o
is
e
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
ey
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
'
s
p
o
wer
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
MI
MO
ter
m
in
als
u
n
d
er
n
o
is
e
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
lim
ited
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
an
o
th
e
r
d
o
m
ain
,
Z
h
o
u
et
a
l.
[
8
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
elec
tiv
e
tim
e
-
r
ev
er
s
al
r
ec
eiv
er
f
o
r
s
h
allo
w
wate
r
ac
o
u
s
tic
MI
MO
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
m
b
in
in
g
tim
e
-
r
ev
er
s
al
with
m
u
lti
-
ch
an
n
el
d
ec
is
io
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
e
q
u
aliza
tio
n
(
DFE)
to
en
h
an
ce
ca
p
ac
ity
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
ch
allen
g
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
wate
r
ch
an
n
els.
L
astl
y
,
W
ittn
eb
en
’
s
[
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
el
tr
an
s
m
it
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
ch
em
e
aim
ed
at
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
ef
f
icien
cy
in
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
lin
ea
r
d
ig
ital m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
alter
n
ativ
e
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
tech
n
iq
u
es b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
tr
an
s
m
it d
iv
er
s
ity
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
an
d
wid
th
o
r
p
o
wer
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
STB
C
-
en
h
an
ce
d
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
d
er
th
r
ee
d
i
s
tin
ct
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
STBC
in
en
h
an
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
in
g
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
its
b
en
ef
its
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t le
v
els
o
f
ch
an
n
el
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
2.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
R
a
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
f
lat
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
el
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
id
ea
lized
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
with
n
o
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
s
p
r
ea
d
o
r
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
er
v
es
as
a
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
allo
win
g
ea
ch
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
to
b
e
ev
al
u
ated
u
n
d
e
r
o
p
tim
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
co
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
with
o
u
t e
x
ter
n
al
s
ig
n
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
a
g
e
n
er
al
f
o
r
m
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
v
e
cto
r
y
(
t)
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
h
(
t)
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
ec
t
o
r
x
(
t)
,
an
d
th
e
n
o
is
e
v
ec
to
r
n
(
t)
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
(
)
=
(
)
∗
ℎ
(
)
+
(
)
(
1
)
=
[
1
2
⋮
]
=
[
1
2
⋮
]
h
=
[
ℎ
11
ℎ
12
…
ℎ
1
ℎ
21
ℎ
22
…
ℎ
2
ℎ
31
ℎ
32
…
ℎ
3
ℎ
1
ℎ
2
⋯
ℎ
]
=
[
1
2
⋮
]
(
2
)
wh
er
e:
y
(
t)
is
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
v
ec
to
r
(
s
ize
×1
)
,
(
)
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
v
ec
to
r
(
s
ize
×1
)
,
ℎ
(
)
is
th
e
ch
an
n
el
m
atr
i
x
(
s
ize
×
),
(
)
is
th
e
n
o
is
e
v
ec
to
r
(
s
ize
×1
)
as sh
o
wn
in
m
atr
ix
(
2
)
T
h
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
m
atr
ix
ℎ
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
g
ain
s
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
els
b
etwe
en
ea
ch
tr
an
s
m
it
-
r
ec
eiv
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
air
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
ℎ
(
)
=
[
ℎ
(
)
]
wh
e
r
e
ℎ
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
ain
f
r
o
m
th
e
ℎ
tr
an
s
m
it a
n
ten
n
a
to
t
h
e
ℎ
r
ec
eiv
e
an
ten
n
a
at
tim
e
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
2.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
a
m
ultipa
t
h dela
y
R
a
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
m
u
l
tip
ath
d
elay
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
n
R
ay
leig
h
c
h
an
n
el,
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
ef
f
ec
ts
,
em
u
latin
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
u
r
b
an
wir
eless
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
h
er
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
lecti
o
n
s
ca
u
s
e
d
elay
e
d
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
s
etu
p
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
test
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
co
p
e
with
d
elay
-
in
d
u
ce
d
in
te
r
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
,
a
co
m
m
o
n
ch
allen
g
e
in
u
r
b
an
s
ettin
g
s
wh
er
e
s
ig
n
als
en
co
u
n
ter
m
u
ltip
le
o
b
s
tacle
s
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
.
H
er
e
two
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
alo
n
g
with
f
ix
ed
d
elay
o
f
0
an
d
2
m
icr
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
in
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
ath
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
two
p
ath
s
b
etwe
en
ea
c
h
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
n
ten
n
a
o
v
er
th
e
s
am
e
R
ay
lei
g
h
ch
an
n
el.
So
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
R
MS
d
elay
s
p
r
ea
d
d
u
e
to
two
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
o
n
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
s
ig
n
al
h
as
b
ee
n
v
er
if
i
ed
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
m
atr
ix
h
(
)
in
clu
d
es
m
u
ltip
ath
ef
f
ec
ts
with
d
elay
s
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
ig
n
al
(
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
all
p
ath
s
p
lu
s
AW
GN
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
(
)
=
∑
ℎ
(
)
∗
(
−
)
+
(
)
2
=
1
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
39
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
94
1
-
95
1
944
wh
er
e:
∗
d
en
o
tes co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
,
is
th
e
d
elay
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
th
p
ath
,
ℎ
(
)
is
th
e
im
p
u
ls
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
th
p
ath
(
−
)
is
d
elay
ed
in
p
u
t sig
n
al
(
)
is
Ad
d
itiv
e
wh
ite
Gau
s
s
ian
No
is
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
n
o
t
s
u
s
tai
n
th
e
Dela
y
s
p
r
ea
d
d
u
e
to
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
o
v
er
th
e
R
ay
leig
h
ch
an
n
el,
s
o
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
is
d
eg
r
a
d
ed
m
o
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mu
ltip
at
h
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
with
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
2.
3
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
m
ultipa
t
h dela
y
ra
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
wit
h
inte
rf
er
ence
s
T
h
e
th
ir
d
an
d
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
le
x
s
ce
n
ar
io
is
th
e
Mu
ltip
at
h
Dela
y
with
C
o
-
C
h
an
n
el
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
etu
p
co
m
b
in
es
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
with
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
s
im
u
latin
g
th
e
i
n
tr
icate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
a
d
e
n
s
ely
p
o
p
u
lated
u
r
b
a
n
a
r
ea
wh
e
r
e
b
o
th
d
elay
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
im
p
ac
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
p
u
s
h
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
to
th
eir
lim
its
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
h
ig
h
ly
ch
allen
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
H
er
e,
two
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
r
iv
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
an
g
les
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
etwe
en
ea
ch
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
as
o
v
er
th
e
s
am
e
m
u
ltip
ath
R
MS
d
elay
ed
R
ay
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
.
A
s
im
p
le
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
with
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
ath
d
ela
y
ed
ch
an
n
el
alo
n
g
with
2
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
as [
1
4
]
.
(
)
=
∑
(
)
ℎ
(
)
2
=
1
(
−
)
+
∑
(
,
)
ℎ
,
(
)
2
=
1
(
−
)
+
(
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
(
)
=
[
1
−
,
…
…
,
−
(
−
1
)
]
(
5
)
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
teer
in
g
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ar
r
iv
al
,
s
im
ilar
ly
(
,
)
is
th
e
s
teer
in
g
an
g
le
o
f
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
in
ter
f
e
r
e
n
ce
.
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
m
o
r
e
d
u
e
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
an
d
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
2.
4
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
ST
B
C
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
ra
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
STBC
MI
MO
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
e
v
alu
ated
th
r
ee
k
ey
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
m
etr
ics.
B
E
R
wa
s
ca
lcu
lated
as
th
e
r
atio
o
f
in
c
o
r
r
ec
tly
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
its
to
th
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
its
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
p
r
im
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
r
elia
b
ilit
y
.
An
STBC
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
th
e
R
a
y
leig
h
Fad
in
g
C
h
an
n
el
was
al
s
o
test
ed
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
an
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
STBC
s
y
m
b
o
ls
S
0
,
S
1
,
S
2
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
ar
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ally
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
n
2
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
as
an
d
r
e
ce
iv
ed
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a.
STBC
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
b
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
s
p
atial
a
n
d
tem
p
o
r
al
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
to
r
ed
u
c
e
B
E
R
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
At
tim
e
t
th
e
s
p
ac
e
-
tim
e
en
co
d
er
co
n
s
tr
u
cts a
m
atr
i
x
o
f
m
o
d
u
lated
s
y
m
b
o
ls
g
iv
en
as:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f m
u
ltip
a
th
d
ela
y
a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
terf
eren
ce
o
n
MIMO
a
n
d
S
TBC
-
MIMO
(
Ujw
a
la
B
o
n
g
a
le
)
945
(
)
=
[
,
1
1
,
2
1
…
,
1
,
1
2
,
2
2
…
,
2
,
1
,
2
…
,
]
=
W
h
er
e
n
t =
No
o
f
T
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
An
ten
n
as
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
(
)
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
to
e
n
c
o
d
e
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
y
m
b
o
ls
a
cr
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
an
te
n
n
as
an
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
ts
.
E
ac
h
r
o
w
o
f
(
)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tr
an
s
m
it
an
ten
n
a
an
d
ea
ch
co
lu
m
n
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
s
p
e
cif
ic
tim
e
s
lo
t.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
(
)
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as a
×
m
atr
ix
,
Wh
er
e
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
it a
n
ten
n
as,
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
STBC
s
y
m
b
o
ls
p
er
tim
e
s
lo
t,
,
1
,
,
2
,
,
ar
e
th
e
ℎ
STB
C
-
m
o
d
u
lated
s
y
m
b
o
ls
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
y
th
e
i
th
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
a
i
n
th
e
t
th
tim
e
s
lo
t.
STBC
co
d
in
g
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
ch
an
n
el
im
p
air
m
e
n
ts
o
cc
u
r
in
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
ch
an
n
el
in
n
o
n
-
lin
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
.
I
t
m
ain
tain
s
th
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
to
th
e
s
im
p
le
MI
MO
ch
an
n
el
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
So
,
it
is
a
g
r
ea
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
all
ad
v
an
ce
d
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Alam
o
u
ti 2
x
1
Sp
ac
e
-
T
im
e
C
o
d
in
g
(
STC)
b
lo
ck
d
i
ag
r
am
2
.
5
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
ST
B
C
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
m
ultipa
t
h dela
y
e
d r
a
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
T
h
e
co
d
in
g
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
m
itig
ate
er
r
o
r
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ch
an
n
el
im
p
air
m
en
ts
.
I
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
STBC
in
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
lo
w
e
r
r
o
r
r
ates,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
n
o
is
y
o
r
c
h
allen
g
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
.
STBC
is
a
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
an
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
MI
M
O
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
e
r
e
m
in
im
al
er
r
o
r
r
ates a
r
e
c
r
itical
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
R
ec
eiv
ed
STBC
S
ig
n
al
o
v
er
2
m
u
lti
-
p
ath
s
with
d
ela
y
.
(
)
=
∑
ℎ
(
)
(
−
)
+
(
)
2
=
1
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
k
is
n
o
o
f
Path
s
ℎ
=
ℎ
is
th
e
p
ath
R
ay
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
−
)
is
d
elay
ed
in
p
u
t ST
B
C
s
ig
n
al
Sp
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
u
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
a
n
ten
n
as a
t th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
s
id
e
th
an
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
id
e
is
q
u
ite
u
s
ef
u
l to
co
m
b
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
o
v
er
th
e
R
ay
leig
h
c
h
an
n
el.
2.
6
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
ST
B
C
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
m
ultipa
t
h dela
y
e
d r
a
y
leig
h c
ha
nn
el
wit
h inte
rf
er
ence
s
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
ese
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
th
r
ee
-
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
s
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
STBC
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
STBC
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
B
E
R
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ch
allen
g
in
g
m
u
ltip
ath
a
n
d
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
its
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
h
a
n
ce
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
,
co
m
p
lex
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
R
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
at
h
ch
an
n
el
alo
n
g
with
2
I
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
ℎ
(
)
2
=
1
(
−
)
+
∑
(
,
)
ℎ
,
(
)
2
=
1
(
−
)
+
(
)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
(
)
=
[
1
−
,
…
…
…
.
,
−
(
−
1
)
]
T
nc
o
de
T
De
c
o
de
p
ace
T
i
m
e
o
d
i
n
g
T
A
l
a
m
o
u
t
i
2
x
1
p
a
c
e
T
i
m
e
o
d
i
n
g
T
b
l
o
c
d
i
a
g
ra
m
y
m
b
o
l
s
,
1
,
2
.
,
1
,
2
r
o
,
r
1
..
1
,
..
,
1
O
T
e
c
h
n
i
u
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
39
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
94
1
-
95
1
946
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
a
r
r
ay
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
teer
in
g
in
th
e
an
g
le
o
f
ar
r
iv
al
(
AOA)
.
S
im
ilar
ly
,
(
,
)
is
th
e
s
teer
in
g
an
g
le
o
f
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
v
er
2
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
in
th
e
R
ay
leig
h
ch
an
n
el
an
d
(
)
is
AW
G
N
n
o
is
e
.
STBC
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
d
e
lay
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ch
allen
g
e
s
o
v
er
n
o
n
lin
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t w
ir
eless
ch
an
n
el
d
u
e
to
i
ts
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
p
r
o
p
er
ty
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
Simu
latio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
,
with
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
r
ef
u
lly
ch
o
s
en
to
r
e
f
lect
r
ea
lis
tic
MI
MO
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
in
clu
d
ed
a
QPSK
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
s
ch
em
e,
two
tr
an
s
m
it
an
ten
n
as,
f
o
u
r
r
ec
e
i
v
e
an
ten
n
as,
a
n
d
a
n
SNR
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
3
0
d
B
,
wit
h
ea
ch
s
im
u
latio
n
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
to
tal
o
f
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
b
its
.
T
wo
m
u
ltip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
wer
e
d
ef
in
ed
to
s
im
u
late
m
u
ltip
ath
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
with
f
ix
ed
d
elay
s
o
f
0
an
d
2
m
ic
r
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
d
elay
e
d
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
le
c
tio
n
s
.
I
n
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
cr
ea
te
a
r
ea
lis
tic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
ar
r
iv
al
f
o
r
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
was
s
et
to
2
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
wh
ile
two
in
ter
f
er
in
g
s
ig
n
als
ar
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
-
6
0
a
n
d
4
0
d
e
g
r
ee
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
p
o
wer
was
s
et
at
-
2
d
B
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al’
s
p
o
wer
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
t
h
at
test
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
r
ejec
t
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
e
p
icts
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
er
s
u
s
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
i
s
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
f
o
r
th
r
ee
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
a
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
:
MI
MO
(
with
o
u
t
im
p
air
m
en
ts
)
,
MI
MO
with
Path
Dela
y
,
an
d
MI
MO
with
Path
Dela
y
an
d
I
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
MI
MO
with
o
u
t
ch
an
n
el
im
p
ai
r
m
en
ts
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ates
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
e
r
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
MI
MO
+
Path
d
elay
i
n
d
icate
s
a
h
ig
h
e
r
B
E
R
th
an
th
e
b
aselin
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
d
u
e
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
ath
d
elay
.
W
h
ile
th
e
B
E
R
s
till
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
SN
R
,
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
p
ath
d
ela
y
r
esu
lts
in
r
ed
u
c
ed
o
v
er
all
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
I
n
MI
MO
+
Path
d
elay
al
o
n
g
with
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ce
n
ar
io
ex
h
ib
its
th
e
wo
r
s
t
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
as
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
ath
d
ela
y
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
d
e
g
r
ad
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
r
em
ain
s
alm
o
s
t
co
n
s
tan
t
f
o
r
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
SNR
v
alu
es,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
tr
u
g
g
les to
co
m
b
a
t in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
e
v
en
at
h
ig
h
SN
R
lev
els.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
E
R
Vs SNR
f
o
r
2
X
4
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
R
ay
le
ig
h
ch
an
n
el
with
m
u
ltip
ath
d
el
ay
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
e
p
icts
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
er
s
u
s
SNR
f
o
r
th
r
ee
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
a
STBC
s
y
s
te
m
:
STB
C
(
with
o
u
t
im
p
air
m
en
ts
)
,
STBC
with
Path
Dela
y
,
an
d
ST
B
C
with
Path
Dela
y
an
d
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e,
th
e
id
ea
l
STBC
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
i
n
im
izes
B
E
R
,
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
its
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
in
a
n
id
ea
l
ch
an
n
el.
I
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
am
o
n
g
th
e
th
r
ee
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
v
e
r
y
lo
w
B
E
R
v
alu
es a
t h
ig
h
er
SNR
s
.
I
n
STBC
with
Pa
th
d
elay
s
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
p
ath
d
elay
c
au
s
es
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
t
h
e
id
ea
l
STBC
s
y
s
tem
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
B
E
R
s
till
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
s
t
ea
d
ily
as
th
e
SNR
in
cr
ea
s
es,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
p
ar
tially
co
m
b
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
ath
d
ela
y
.
I
n
th
e
th
ir
d
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
,
STBC
p
lu
s
Path
d
elay
s
in
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
2
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
s
,
th
e
B
E
R
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
wit
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
SNR
,
an
d
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
is
m
u
c
h
s
lo
wer
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
o
th
er
two
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f m
u
ltip
a
th
d
ela
y
a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
terf
eren
ce
o
n
MIMO
a
n
d
S
TBC
-
MIMO
(
Ujw
a
la
B
o
n
g
a
le
)
947
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
n
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
o
th
p
ath
d
elay
an
d
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
e
v
er
e
ly
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
is
a
m
ajo
r
lim
itin
g
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
STBC
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
MI
MO
an
d
STBC
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
an
id
ea
l
R
ay
lei
g
h
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
MI
M
O
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
ws
th
at
at
lo
wer
SNR
s
,
th
e
B
E
R
i
s
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
er
r
o
r
s
in
n
o
is
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
E
v
en
at
h
ig
h
er
SNR
s
,
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
in
f
er
io
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
STBC
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
lim
ited
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
in
th
is
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
MI
MO
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
i
v
er
s
ity
g
ain
s
,
it
lack
s
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
p
r
esen
t
in
STBC
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
h
ig
h
er
B
E
R
,
esp
ec
ially
in
lo
w
to
m
o
d
e
r
a
te
SNR
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
E
R
Vs SNR
f
o
r
2
X
4
STBC
MI
MO
o
v
er
r
ay
lei
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el
with
m
u
ltip
ath
d
el
ay
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
E
R
Vs SNR
f
o
r
2
X
4
MI
MO
an
d
STBC
o
v
er
r
a
y
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el
with
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
T
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
STBC
s
y
s
tem
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
etter
th
an
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
MI
M
O
s
y
s
tem
at
all
SNR
v
alu
es.
At
lo
wer
SN
R
s
,
th
e
STB
C
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
a
m
u
ch
s
teep
er
d
ec
lin
e
in
B
E
R
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
STBC
in
h
an
d
li
n
g
n
o
is
e
an
d
c
h
an
n
el
im
p
air
m
en
ts
.
At
h
ig
h
er
SNR
s
,
th
e
STBC
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
n
ea
r
-
ze
r
o
B
E
R
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
m
in
im
izin
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
er
r
o
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
39
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
94
1
-
95
1
948
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
STBC
s
y
s
tem
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
ac
r
o
s
s
all
SN
R
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
STBC
s
ee
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
,
as
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
e
lo
wer
B
R
in
th
e
r
ed
c
u
r
v
e.
TB
’
s
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
co
m
p
en
s
ates
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
d
elay
e
d
m
u
ltip
ath
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
wh
ich
is
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
th
e
p
lain
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
MI
MO
an
d
STBC
s
y
s
tem
s
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
in
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
e
2
c
o
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
.
At
lo
w
SNR
v
alu
es,
th
e
B
E
R
is
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
,
b
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
es
d
r
ast
ically
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
SNR
.
T
h
i
s
tr
en
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
STB
C
s
y
s
tem
in
m
itig
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
d
u
e
to
its
in
h
er
en
t
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
STBC
in
h
an
d
lin
g
ch
allen
g
in
g
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
p
at
h
d
elay
s
an
d
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
u
f
f
er
s
in
s
u
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
lack
o
f
d
iv
er
s
ity
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
ca
n
m
itig
ate
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
at
h
ef
f
e
cts.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
b
en
ef
i
ts
o
f
STBC
MI
MO
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
wh
ich
is
a
k
ey
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
.
T
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
p
a
t
h
d
e
l
a
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
li
t
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
wi
r
e
l
es
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
E
R
Vs SNR
f
o
r
2
X
4
MI
MO
an
d
STBC
o
v
er
r
a
y
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el
with
2
m
u
ltip
at
h
d
elay
a
n
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
E
R
Vs SNR
f
o
r
2
X
4
MI
MO
an
d
STBC
o
v
er
r
a
y
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el
with
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f m
u
ltip
a
th
d
ela
y
a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
terf
eren
ce
o
n
MIMO
a
n
d
S
TBC
-
MIMO
(
Ujw
a
la
B
o
n
g
a
le
)
949
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
MI
M
O
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
STBC
-
en
h
an
ce
d
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
c
h
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
:
f
lat
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
,
m
u
ltip
ath
d
elay
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
m
u
lti
p
ath
d
elay
with
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
.
MI
MO
-
STBC
s
y
s
t
em
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
MI
MO
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
wh
en
d
ea
lin
g
with
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
.
I
n
a
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
with
two
-
p
ath
d
elay
,
th
e
STBC
s
ch
em
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
u
p
t
o
a
f
o
u
r
-
f
o
l
d
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
B
E
R
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
MI
MO
at
m
o
d
er
ate
SNR
lev
els.
T
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,
p
p
.
3
7
6
–
3
9
9
.
[
7
]
V
.
P
l
i
c
a
n
i
c
,
H
.
A
s
p
l
u
n
d
,
a
n
d
B
.
K
.
La
u
,
“
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e
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ma
n
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n
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h
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d
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mi
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se
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n
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t
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r
i
o
s,
”
I
EEE
T
ra
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sa
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t
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t
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/
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2
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7
2
.
[
8
]
Y
.
Z
h
o
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,
F
.
T
o
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,
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.
Ze
n
g
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h
e
n
,
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l
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3
.
[
9
]
A
.
W
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t
t
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n
,
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A
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,
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i
n
Pro
c
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C
C
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9
3
-
I
EEE
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n
t
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6
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.
[
1
0
]
J.
W
i
n
t
e
r
s,
“
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p
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me
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t
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EEE
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[
1
1
]
V
.
T
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k
h
,
H
.
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d
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.
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.
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n
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p
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me
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:
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e
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I
EEE
J
o
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3
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3
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.
[
1
2
]
T.
.
R
a
p
p
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p
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sey
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[
1
3
]
H
.
Jafar
k
h
a
n
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,
S
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o
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0
5
.
[
1
4
]
G
.
J.
F
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sc
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.
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a
n
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[
1
5
]
T.
K
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“
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[
1
6
]
V
.
T
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r
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h
,
H
.
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h
a
n
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,
a
n
d
A
.
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a
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n
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me
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g
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s,
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I
EEE
T
ra
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[
1
7
]
M.
t
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e
,
.
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r
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l
,
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n
d
G
.
F
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t
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s,
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o
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s,
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i
n
I
EEE
VT
S
5
3
r
d
V
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h
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c
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l
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p
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2
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Pro
c
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.
[
1
8
]
D
.
G
e
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e
r
t
,
M
.
S
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,
D
.
h
i
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.
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mi
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.
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b
,
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w
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ms
,
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EEE
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8
.
[
1
9
]
.
H
e
n
,
“
O
a
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t
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l
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t
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o
n
,
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n
t
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l
T
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[
2
0
]
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M
.
C
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t
e
s
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n
a
,
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O
sp
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me
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:
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m
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s
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g
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Pr
o
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c
t
:
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rs
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,
2
0
0
9
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[
2
1
]
A
.
K
h
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t
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d
.
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
,
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y
mb
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w
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mu
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c
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.
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3
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[
2
2
]
.
N
.
R
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n
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N
.
.
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,
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.
[
2
3
]
D
.
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,
.
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