Inter national J our nal of Inf ormatics and Communication T echnology (IJ-ICT) V ol. 14, No. 3, December 2025, pp. 1163 ∼ 1171 ISSN: 2252-8776, DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1163-1171 ❒ 1163 Soil moistur e pr ototype soil moistur e sensor YL-69 f or Gaharu ( Aquilaria malaccensis ) tr ee planting media Rikie Kartadie 1 , Muhammad Agung Nugr oho 2 , Adiyuda Prayitna 1 , Adi K usjani 3 , Ardeana Galih Mardika 4 1 Department of Computer Engineering, Uni v ersitas T eknologi Digital Indonesia, Y ogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Department of Informatics, Uni v ersitas T eknologi Digital Indonesia, Y ogyakarta, Indonesia 3 Computer Engineering V ocational Program, Uni v ersitas T echnologi Digital Indonesia, Y ogyakarta, Indonesia 4 Department of Information T echnology Education, Uni v ersitas Bhineka PGRI T ulung agung, T ulung agung, Indonesia Article Inf o Article history: Recei v ed Oct 24, 2024 Re vised Mar 16, 2025 Accepted Jun 9, 2025 K eyw ords: Humidity Plant gro wth Prototype tool Root absorption Soil moisture ABSTRA CT Soil moisture, dened as the amount of w ater present in the spaces between soil particles, plays a critical role in plant gro wth. Excessi v e soil moisture can lead to issues such as root rot, de viating from the ideal conditi ons required for root absorption. T o address this, we de v eloped a prototype tool using the YL-69 soil moisture sensor to monitor and control the soil moisture le v els in Ag ar - w ood/Gaharu tree planting media. The prototype w as designed to acti v ate a w ater pump when soil moisture e xceeded 80%, ensuring optimal humidity for plant gro wth. Once the moisture le v el dropped belo w 80%, the pump w as de- acti v ated to pre v ent o v erw atering. The YL-69 sensor demonstrated an accurac y of 88.76% under controlled conditions. This study highlights the potential of using lo w-cost sensors for automated soil moisture management in small-scale Gaharu culti v ation. This is an open access article under the CC BY -SA license . Corresponding A uthor: Rikie Kartadie Department of Computer Engineering, Uni v ersitas T eknologi Digital Indonesia Jl. Raya Janti Karang Jambe No. 143 Y ogyakarta 55198, Indonesia Email: rikie@utdi.ac.id 1. INTR ODUCTION Ag arw ood (Gaharu) from Aquilaria malaccensis is a v aluable non-timber forest product (NTFP) due to its high mark et price, dri v en by quality and essential oil grades [1], and demand, especially in the Middle East [2]. In 2001, in Pujang an, East Kalimantan, Gaharu reached Rp. 600,000/kg, with e xport v alues rising from US $2 million (1990-1998) to US $39.9 million in 2020 [3]–[5]. F ound across Asia [6], this threatened species thri v es in well-drained, sandy loam soils (pH 6.15, 80% humidity , 22-28 °C), not ooded areas [7], [8]. Ov ere xploitation has made it rare, necessitating culti v ation with suitable media [9], [10]. Soil moist ure, critical for nutrient transport and gro wth, is addressed by this prototype, which measures moisture in Gaharu planting media using the YL-69 sensor and Arduino to aid f armers. 2. TECHNIQ UES FOR MEASURING SOIL MOISTURE In addition, k eeping soil moisture at an ideal le v el for plants i s essential. Soil moisture content can be measured using se v eral dif ferent methods [11]–[13]. It is important to ensure that the soil remains moist, as this supports optimal plant gro wth and de v elopment [14]. Also, re gular monitoring of soil moisture ca n help pre v ent problems such as a drought or w aterlogging that can af fect plant health. The most signicant aspects J ournal homepage: http://ijict.iaescor e .com Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1164 ❒ ISSN: 2252-8776 of soil moisture af fect the balance of k e y nat ural ecosystems such as seed germination, w ater inltration, plant transpiration, redistrib ution, e v aporation, and percolation are all aspects of plant nutrition and de v elopment. A plethora of e xperimental approaches for measuring soil moisture ha v e been de v eloped in recent decades [15]. 2.1. Electrical methods The standard for electrical estimation of soil moisture w as rst introduced in 1897 [16]. The frame- w ork measures the adjustment of the w ater mass from a metal barrel in the shape of a mousing circle e xample, using an accurac y bala n c e, while the soil moisture measurement approach emplo ys the electrical resisti vity technique. Resisti vity is needed in the estimated clock for this plastic co v er . Using uctuations in moisture content, the electrical resistance test calculates the soil’ s resisti vity . The resisti vity dec reased from 338 Ω M to 8 Ω M while the v olumetric moisture content increased from 5.8% to 38.5%. F or dry soils, v alues greater than 50 Ω m cause the resisti vity to react [17]. T ime domain reectometry (TDR) method is a method that util izes the dielectric properties of dirt to estimate soil humidity le v els. Dielectric stability estimate by estimating the electromagnetic w a v e’ s full circle v elocity time at a consistent repeat (high repeatability from 30 MHz to 3 GHz) to and from the ground-co v ered metal terminal. The link analyzer pro vides high repeating electromagnetic pulses and lters out reected w a v es, ground embedded poles, and links connecting analyzer and rods [18]. TDR estimates a small v olume of soil, so no data of horizontal spatialization notice [19]. TDR sensors assess soil moisture by deli v ering electromagnetic pulses into the soil and e v aluating ho w long the pulses tak e to tra v el through the soil. TDR of fers precise depth measurements and is frequently utilized in en vironmental research and monitoring [20], [21]. The capacitance technique, this method estimates w ater content by estimating the dielectric c o ns is- tenc y , which can estimate by capacitance. The dielectric steady of w ater is around 81 for wet soil, around 3 to 5 for dry soil, and 1 for air . The capacitance technique utilizes to g auge soil dampness content because of the consistent dielectric increments with e xpanding air content. Capacitance, C is straightforw ardly relati v e to the dielectric steady . Gc addresses the structure f actor , which relies upon the size and state of the sensor capac- itance, and the distance between the electrode’ s ar content estimates by estimating the dielectric consistenc y , which estimates by capacitance. The dielectric steady of w ater is around 81 for wet soil, around 3 to 5 for dry soil, and 1 for air . C = G c K d (1) The capacitance strate gy utilizes to g auge soil dampness content K d , because of the consistent dielectric incre- ments with e xpanding air content. Capacitance, C is straightforw ardly relati v e to the dielectric steady Where G c addresses the structure f actor which relies upon the size and state of the sensor capacitance and the distance between the anodes, the equation can see on (1) [22]. Figure 1 sho ws a capacitance technique for measuring soil moisture. T w o electrode rods that enter into the ground mak e up the capacitance sensor . The ground serv es as a dielectric and the tw o electrodes to- gether mak e up a capacitor . On reading equipment, changes in electrical capacity are read and sho w changes in soil moisture [22]. By k eeping the v olume of each sample constant and concurrently measuring the mass of each sample, we reliably estimate soil moisture. This is achie v ed by using one of the containers with graduated markings and ensuring that the soil le v el remains constant while introducing w ater to the soil [23]. Figure 1. Schematic for the capacitance method of measuring soil moisture [22] Int J Inf & Commun T echnol, V ol. 14, No. 3, December 2025: 1163–1171 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J Inf & Commun T echnol ISSN: 2252-8776 ❒ 1165 2.2. Non electrical methods W etness, the most frequent approach for measuring soil moisture is to collect a ph ysical sam ple from the measurement location. The samples were weighed, then dried in an o v en at 100 °C to 110 °C for 24 to 48 hours before being re weighed. In (2) calculates the gra vimetric moisture content, often kno wn as wettability (w). w = S oil M ass w et − S oil M ass dr y S oil M ass dr y (2) The adv antage of this system is that the sample is easy to obtain, and the moisture content is easy to determine. The destructi v e nature of the method of fsets the possibility of repeating sampling at the e xact location in the eld. Second, w(Mg Mg-1), although a good indication of moisture status, is not as v aluable for plant scientists as v olumetric and potenc y humidity [24]. The amount of w ater that is accessible to plants (for transpiration) or the ener gy status of w ater cannot al w ays be determined by measuring the w ater content of soil (or other porous media). W ater will o w from high-ener gy to lo w-ener gy re gions, with w ater potential indicating the ener gy condition [24]. The v olumetric moisture content, other non electrical method is v olumetric moisture content [24]. Groundw ater status can determine by v olume ( m 3 m − 3 ), where is the v olume of the liquid phase per unit v olume of b ulk soil. This method is a popular method for pro viding soil moisture status information. Ho we v er , measurements at the site must be repeated, especially during irrig ation scheduling. If Θ is the de gree of wetnes s, and the density of the soil is kno wn, it can calculate by (3). Θ = w × ρ b ρ w (3) Where Θ is the de gree of wetness, w is wetness ( M g M g − 1 ), ρ b is the b ulk density of the soil ( M g m − 3 ), and ρ w is the b ulk density of w ater ( M g m − 3 ). The b ulk density of the soil can be calculated with a formula on (4). ρ b = dr y soil w eig ht V ol ume of sampl er (4) In this prototype, we combine tw o methods, t he electrical capacitance technique and the wetness non-electrical technique. T o get data from electrical de vices which use the YL-69 sensor , we collect data by connecting it to Arduino. 3. RESEARCH METHOD W e conducted this study on 3 Ag arw ood (Gaharu) tree planting media (can see on subsection 4.2) with identical treatments. Sensors were placed on each medium, and the sensor measurements’ results were recorded for each medium. W e carried out this process by studying the characteristics of Ag arw ood trees, creating prototypes, and comparing the sensor measurement results with manual calculations. 3.1. Resear ch model The soil moisture control system for Ag arw ood trees uses a YL-69 sensor , 16x2 LCD, Arduino Me g a 2560, motor dri v er , and DC pump. The sensor measures soil moisture, and the Arduino process es the data (Khalaf, 2021), displaying results on the LCD to control the pump. 3.2. Pr ototype design 3.2.1. Hard war e design This stage includes design using fritzing softw are, softw are design (source code compilation), and component design. Each step in the design stage will be interconnected so that the researcher can return to the pre vious step if there is a f ailure. The design uses a fritzing application to support the primary data collection of components and the placement of the pin wires that need in the de v elopment of the prototype. The design results are a reference in the form of components used in conducting de v elopment. More details can be seen in Figure 2. Soil moistur e pr ototype soil moistur e sensor YL-69 for Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) ... (Rikie Kartadie) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1166 ❒ ISSN: 2252-8776 Figure 2. Design using fritzing 3.2.2. Softwar e design The proposed design for the soil moisture control system for Gaharu tree planting media utilizes v ar - ious hardw are components, including a soil moisture sensor (YL-69), a 16x2 LCD screen, an Arduino Me g a 2560 micro-controller , dri v er motors, and DC w ater pumps. The system operates by measuring the moisture le v el of the soil using the YL-69 sensor and sending the data to the micro-controller , which then processes the information according to predened procedures. The results of this processing are displayed on the LCD screen, which serv es as a reference for acti v ating the DC w ater pump to control the moisture le v el of the soil. The o v erall design of the system is illustrated in a diagram o w block design as sho wn in Figure 3. A basic outline of the process can be vie wed in the algorithm referenced as Algorithm 1. Figure 3. Process o wchart Int J Inf & Commun T echnol, V ol. 14, No. 3, December 2025: 1163–1171 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J Inf & Commun T echnol ISSN: 2252-8776 ❒ 1167 Algorithm 1. Soil moisture control system Initialize and calibrate the YL-69 sensor and the Arduino Me g a 2560 microcontroller . while true do Continuously measure the moisture le v el of the soil using the YL-69 sensor . Send the soil moisture data to the micro-controller for processing. if soil moisture le v el < threshold then Acti v ate the DC w ater pump to add w ater to the soil. end if Display the current soil moisture le v el on the 16x2 LCD screen. end while Repeat steps 2-6 continuously to maintain proper soil moisture le v els for the Gaharu trees. 3.2.3. Sensor calibration The YL-69 sensor w as calibrated using gra vimetric w ater content, follo wing a standardized procedure. Soil samples were dried at 105 °C for 24 hours to establish a baseline. The sensor readings were recorded and compared with manual calculations at 10% interv als of added w ater , from 0% to 100% soil saturat ion. The calibration process using gra vimetric w ater content; i) Prepare tw o containers lled with soil from the e xact loca tion (tak en at the same time and depth) with a net weight of 100 gr each (container A and container B). ii) The soil in container A dried using an o v en at a temperature of 100-110 °C for 24 hours until constant weight. iii) Calculate wettability ( w ) using gratimatric methods, using (2). w = S oil M ass w et − S oil M ass dr y S oil M ass dr y i v) Calculate analog sensor v oltage with a formula on (5) [25]. V sensor = anal og r ead 1023 × 5 V (5) 4. RESUL T AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Non electrical and electrical gap Our study suggests that after calibration of the sensor , we calculate the dif ference between the s ensor readings used by manual calculations (nonelectrical). The weight of the soil used is 100 gr per sample and in dry condition (o v en-dried for 24 hours and until the weight is stable). Then add w ater by spraying it slo wly with a certain amount of w ater . The calculation results can see in T able 1. T able 1. Soil moisture calculation results No. Soil dry weight (gr) W ater weight (gr) Soil moisture (%) Gap per e xp. Manual W ith a sensor Med. A Med. B Med. C 1 100 0 0 0.96 0.99 0.93 0.96 2 100 10 10 10.95 10.5 11.00 0.82 3 100 20 20 29.97 29.00 29.81 9.59 4 100 30 30 48.40 48.49 48.01 18.30 5 100 40 40 54.90 54.79 53.10 14.23 6 100 50 50 71.00 55.00 72.50 16.17 7 100 60 60 77.70 75.00 75.06 15.92 8 100 70 70 77.98 77.8 77.52 7.77 9 100 80 80 82.54 82.06 83.00 2.53 10 100 90 90 85.35 85.50 86.02 4.38 11 100 100 100 85.45 85.5 86.02 14.34 A vg. g ap 9.55 Soil moistur e pr ototype soil moistur e sensor YL-69 for Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) ... (Rikie Kartadie) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1168 ❒ ISSN: 2252-8776 In Figure 4, it can see that there is a reasonably high uctuation in sensor measurements. The lo w g ap is at 10%, 20%, 80%, and 90% humidity measurements. Although the measurement uctuations are pretty high, with an a v erage g ap of 9.55%, the prototype can be done because the desired soil moisture requirement is at the le v el of 80%. K e y ndings: the YL-69 sensor demonstrated reliable accurac y at humidity le v els up to 80%, making it s uitable for small-scale agricultural applications. Be yond this threshold, the sensor’ s accurac y signicantly decreased, with uctuations rea ching a maximum g ap of 18.3% at 70% humidity . This limitation highlights the importance of sensor calibration and careful application in scenarios requiring precise soil moisture monitoring. Interpreting results: the ndings align with pre vious research on lo w-cost soil moisture sensors, which also report diminished accurac y at higher humidity le v els due to the sensor’ s limited dielectric sensiti vity . F or instance, [26] found that sensors similar to YL-69 had reduced reliability in detec ting soil moisture abo v e 75% humidity . Ho we v er , unlik e pre vious studies that primarily focused on lar ge-scale agricultural applications, our research emphasizes the practical viability of the YL-69 sensor for controlled en vironments and small-scale agriculture, particularly in Gaharu culti v ation. Figure 4 illustrates the sensor’ s performance across dif ferent humidity le v els, hi ghlighting signicant g aps between 30% and 70% humidity . This indicates that while the YL-69 sensor is ef fecti v e for small-scale applications, it sho ws limitations in maintaining accurac y for higher humidity ranges, which may impact its reliability for lar ge-scale agricultural use. The prototype w as done well, and the sensor has been able to detect soil moisture in the Gaharu planting media, where w ater pumps can w ater the soil at the desired humidity le v el. There are se v eral disadv antages of the YL-69 sensor , as sho wn in Figure 4, where the sensor has a high g ap at 30% to 70% humidity and then seems to continue to record v alues that do not change too much at 80 humidity . Figure 4. Calculation graph 4.2. Pr ototype The prototype is designed as sho wn in Figure 5. There are three samples of Gaharu tree planting media with three w ater pumps. The three planting media used the same s oil with the same humidity conditions.     P r o t o t y p e P u m p P u m p G a h a r u P l a n t i n g   M e d i a   M e d .   A M e d .   B M e d .   C Figure 5. Prototype Int J Inf & Commun T echnol, V ol. 14, No. 3, December 2025: 1163–1171 Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J Inf & Commun T echnol ISSN: 2252-8776 ❒ 1169 The soil moisture re gulator on Gaharu tree planting material i s po wered by a soil moisture sensor YL-69 and a specially programmed Arduino Me g a 2560. The soil moisture sensor will detect the moisture le v el in the Gaharu tree soil medium. If the soil is dry , the Arduino Me g a will command the w ater pump (a programmable w ater f aucet) to turn on and irrig ate the plants [27]. If the soil is wet, as the plant needs, the w ater pump will die, and the w ater will not o w . At 0% soil moisture, the w at er pump will irrig ate the soil until it reaches the specied v alue, as sho wn in T able 2. In T able 2, it can see that the soil moisture sensor on Media A, B, and C reads 10% soil moisture data, so the w ater pump is on, and the w ater pump will still turn on if the soil moisture sensor reads the humidity data soil to 80%, then the w ater pump will stop. T able 2. W ater pump response to humidity W ater presentation (%) 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Med. A √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × Med. B √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × Med. C √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × √ W ater pump running on media × W ater pump stop on media 5. CONCLUSION The prototype successfully demonstrated the capability of the YL-69 sensor in detecting soil mois ture for Gaharu planting media. Ho we v er , the sensor sho wed limitations in maintaining accurac y at cert ain humidity le v els, indicating a need for impro v ement for lar ger -scale applications. The YL-69 sensor can be used for small scales, b ut lar ger scales, the sensor cannot measure humidi ty steadily . A more sensiti v e sensor can be used on a lar ger scale on agricultural land and potted planting media or polybags. From the data presented, we can see ho w changes in the weight of added w ater af fect the results of soil moisture calculations both manually and using sensors. Additionally , we can also see ho w accurate the sensor is in measuring soil moisture compared to manual calculations, as wel l as ho w the accurac y of the sensor v aries depending on the amount of w ater added to the soil. It can be said that the YL-69 sensor has li mitations in measuring humidity le v els abo v e 80%, so this prototype can be rede v eloped using a dif ferent sensor or a more sensiti v e sensor can be used on a lar ger scale on agricultural land and potted planting media or polybags. FUNDING INFORMA TION The authors declare that this research did not recei v e an y funding from an y agenc y , whether public, pri v ate, or commercial. A UTHOR CONTRIB UTIONS ST A TEMENT Name of A uthor C M So V a F o I R D O E V i Su P Fu Rikie Kartadie ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Muhammad Agung Nugroho ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Adiyuda Prayitna ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Adi K usjani ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Ardeaana Galih Mardika ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ C : C onceptualization I : I n v estig ation V i : V i sualization M : M ethodology R : R esources Su : Su pervision So : So ftw are D : D ata Curation P : P roject Administration V a : V a lidation O : Writing - O riginal Draft Fu : Fu nding Acquisition F o : F o rmal Analysis E : Writing - Re vie w & E diting Soil moistur e pr ototype soil moistur e sensor YL-69 for Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) ... (Rikie Kartadie) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1170 ❒ ISSN: 2252-8776 CONFLICT OF INTEREST ST A TEMENT The authors declare that the y ha v e no nancial, personal, or professional interests that c o ul d inuence the results of this study . D A T A A V AILABILITY The authors declare that no ne w data were generated or analyzed in this study . All information used is from published literature and is referenced in the article. REFERENCES [1] N. Ismail, M. H. F . Rahiman, M. N. T aib, M. Ibrahim, S. Zareen, and S. N. T ajuddin, “ A re vie w on Ag arw ood and its quality determination, ” in Pr oceedings - 2015 6th IEEE Contr ol and System Gr aduate Resear c h Colloquium, ICSGRC , 2016, pp. 103–108, doi: 10.1109/ICSGRC.2015.7412473. [2] N . A. M. Ali, N. Ismail, and M. N. T aib, “ Analysi s of Ag arw ood oil ( Aquilaria Malaccensis ) based on GC-MS data, ” in Pr o- ceedings - 2012 IEEE 8th International Colloqui um on Signal Pr ocessing and Its Applications, CSP A , 2012, pp. 470–473, doi: 10.1109/CSP A.2012.6194771. [3] P . D. 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Int J Inf & Commun T echnol ISSN: 2252-8776 ❒ 1171 [24] B. H. Geor ge, “Comparison of techniques for measuring the w ater content of soil and other porous media, ” The Uni v ersity of Sydne y , 1999. [Online]. A v ailable: https://ses.library .usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/491. [25] I. Setyo w ati, D. No vianto, and E. Purnomo, “Preliminary design and soil moisture sensor yl-69 calibration for implementation of smart irrig ation, ” J ournal of Physics: Confer ence Series , v ol. 1517, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012078. [26] M. Mukhlisin, H. W . Astuti, E. D. W ardihani, and S. J. Matlan, “T echniques for ground-based soil moisture measurement: a detailed o v ervie w , ” Ar abian J ournal of Geosciences , v ol. 14, no. 19, p. 2032, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12517-021-08263-0. [27] M. T ig a, “ Automatic w aste w ater control system for soil fertility use fuzzy logic and IoT -based, ” Internet of Things and Articial Intellig ence J ournal , v ol. 1, no. 3, pp. 176–197, 2021, doi: 10.31763/iota.v1i3.500. BIOGRAPHIES OF A UTHORS Rikie Kartadie recei v ed his Master of computer science from Amik om Y ogyakarta Uni- v ersity (2014). No w a lecturer at the Depa rtment of Computer Engineering, Uni v ersitas T echnologi Digital Indonesia. In addition, he also has an assessment of the national professional certication agenc y , computer netw ork competence, he has a professional lecturer certication from the Min- istry of Research, T echnology and Higher Education. In 2018 he w as assigned by the Ministry of Education, Cul ture, Research and T echnology as a lecturer w orkload assessor . He is also one of the re vie wers of the SINT A 3, 4 inde x ed national journals. He has published more than 35 journal papers, 2 written books, and 2 journal Scopus papers. Research interests are computer netw orks, SDN, and IoT , teaching in the eld of netw orking. Ha v e recei v ed se v eral grants from the Ministry of Research, T echnology and Higher Education. He can be contacted at email: rikie@utdi.ac.id. Muhammad Agung Nugr oho is a lecturer and researcher at the Uni v ersi tas T eknologi Digital Indonesia. Has more than 15 ye ars of e xperience in the eld of open source t echnology and Linux serv ers. In addition, he studies areas of interest that are linear with computer netw orks such as cloud technology , serv er automation, information system and c yber security , container technology , de v ops, and big data. He can be contacted at email: m.agung.n@utdi.ac.id. Adiyuda Prayitna recei v ed his Master of Computer Science from Uni v ersiti Master of engineering from the F aculty of Electrical Engineering, Gadjah Mada Uni v ersity Y ogyakarta (2014) is no w at the Department of Computer Engineering, Uni v ersitas T echnologi Digital Indonesia. Re- search interests in sensing and datalogging, IoT , netw ork infrastructure, has recei v ed research grants from the go v ernment. He can be contacted at email: yudha pr@utdi.ac.id. Adi K usjani recei v ed his Master of Computer Science from Uni v ersiti Master of Electrical Engineering from the F aculty of Electrical Engineering, Gadjah Mada Uni v ersity Y ogyakarta (2014) is no w a lecturer at the Computer Engineering V ocational Program, Uni v ersitas T echnologi Digital Indonesia. Research interests in computer netw orks and IoT . He has recei v ed se v eral grant programs from the Mini stry of Education and Culture of the R epublic of Indonesia, written se v eral books and published 10 scientic articles both in journals and seminars. He can be contacted a t email: adikusjani@utdi.ac.id. Ardeana Galih Mardika Graduated Bachelor in Information T echnology Education De- partment, Uni v ersitas Bhineka PGRI T ulung agung, T ulunggung, Indonesia. Research interests are computer netw orks and IoT . He can be contacted at email: ardeanag alihmardiika4@gmail.com. Soil moistur e pr ototype soil moistur e sensor YL-69 for Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) ... (Rikie Kartadie) Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.