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an
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ws.
Sectio
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2
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lo
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f
o
llo
wed
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r
t
h
e
liter
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r
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r
ev
i
ew.
Sectio
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3
g
iv
es
th
e
liter
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r
e
r
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v
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I
t
is
ca
teg
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ized
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n
to
th
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.
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d
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T
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d
th
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f
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b
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th
p
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co
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T
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A
s
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ed
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s
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eq
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v
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f
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co
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tr
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b
u
tio
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i
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s
ec
tio
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4
.
Sectio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
RE
VI
E
W
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
a
d
d
r
ess
p
r
i
v
ac
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
in
I
o
T
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ev
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w
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Fo
r
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
I
o
T
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
en
t
ex
is
tin
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
p
r
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v
id
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d
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
1
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
d
iv
i
d
ed
i
n
to
f
iv
e
ca
teg
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r
ies
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
ics
c
o
v
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e
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
a.
Priv
ac
y
-
en
h
a
n
cin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
I
o
T
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
:
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
en
h
an
cin
g
p
r
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ac
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p
r
o
tectio
n
in
I
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T
-
b
ased
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
an
d
h
i
er
ar
ch
ical
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
m
o
d
els.
b.
Dif
f
er
en
tial
p
r
i
v
ac
y
i
n
I
o
T
[
1
7
]
:
Dif
f
e
r
en
tial
p
r
iv
ac
y
is
a
co
n
ce
p
t
in
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
th
a
t
aim
s
to
p
r
o
tect
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
r
an
d
o
m
n
o
is
e
to
q
u
er
y
r
esu
lts
o
r
d
ata
its
elf
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
if
f
er
en
tial p
r
iv
ac
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es a
n
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
es to
e
n
h
an
ce
p
r
iv
ac
y
i
n
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
c.
I
o
T
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
[
1
8
]
:
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
p
r
esen
t
a
g
en
er
ic
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ata
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
ey
a
n
aly
ze
p
o
ten
ti
al
p
r
iv
ac
y
th
r
ea
ts
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
p
r
o
tect
I
o
T
u
s
er
s
'
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
d.
Priv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ata
a
n
aly
tics
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
2
]
:
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
e
s
er
v
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ata
a
n
aly
tics
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
i
v
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
f
ac
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
ch
em
es,
r
aw
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
o
te
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
in
ter
ac
tio
n
m
o
d
els.
e.
Priv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
I
o
T
s
m
ar
t
c
ity
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
:
T
h
ese
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
-
b
ased
s
m
ar
t
city
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
lev
er
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ef
in
ed
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN)
,
i
d
en
tity
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
ch
em
es,
an
d
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
ac
c
o
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
d
ata
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
d
ev
ice
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
in
I
o
T
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
en
t
ex
is
tin
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
t
h
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
au
t
h
en
tic
atio
n
an
d
tr
u
s
t
in
I
o
T
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
2
.
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
to
p
ics
co
v
er
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
a.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
-
b
ased
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
in
I
o
T
[
2
6
]
–
[
2
9
]
:
T
h
ese
p
ap
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
au
th
en
ticatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
in
g
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
m
ar
t
cities.
T
h
ey
lev
er
a
g
e
li
g
h
tweig
h
t
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ch
em
es,
m
ess
ag
e
in
teg
r
ity
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
an
d
f
ac
ial
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ch
em
es
to
en
h
an
ce
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
,
n
o
n
-
r
ep
u
d
iatio
n
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
b.
T
r
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
b
io
m
etr
ic
-
b
ased
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
in
I
o
T
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
:
T
h
ese
p
a
p
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
lig
h
tweig
h
t
m
u
lti
-
b
io
m
etr
ic
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
r
ed
u
ce
late
n
cy
,
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ey
a
lter
n
ate
b
etwe
en
uni
-
b
io
m
et
r
ic
an
d
m
u
lti
-
b
io
m
etr
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
b
ased
o
n
tr
u
s
t
lev
els,
co
m
p
u
te
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
es
u
s
in
g
lig
h
tweig
h
t c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ai
n
s
t v
ar
i
o
u
s
attac
k
s
tar
g
etin
g
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices.
c.
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
I
o
T
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
:
T
h
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
I
o
T
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
t
o
s
af
eg
u
a
r
d
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
in
teg
r
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
4
2
4
9
-
4258
4252
An
o
th
er
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
to
p
ic
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
in
clu
d
in
g
ML
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
to
p
ic
is
ca
teg
o
r
i
ze
d
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies as f
o
l
lo
ws:
a.
Priv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
d
ata
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
[
3
4
]
–
[
3
7
]
:
T
h
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
cl
u
d
es
wo
r
k
s
t
h
at
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
lev
er
a
g
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
I
o
T
d
ata
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
s
en
s
iti
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
t
en
em
p
lo
y
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
if
f
er
en
ti
al
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
f
ed
e
r
ated
lear
n
in
g
,
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
g
e
n
er
ativ
e
AI
to
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
.
b.
An
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
th
r
ea
t
id
en
tific
atio
n
[
3
8
]
–
[
4
1
]
:
I
n
th
i
s
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
th
e
em
p
h
asis
is
o
n
u
s
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
to
d
etec
t
an
o
m
alies
an
d
id
en
tify
p
o
ten
tial
t
h
r
ea
ts
to
p
r
iv
ac
y
with
in
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
em
p
lo
y
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
an
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
,
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
g
e
n
er
ativ
e
a
d
v
er
s
ar
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
tr
an
s
f
er
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
to
id
en
tif
y
ab
n
o
r
m
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
attem
p
ts
.
c.
Secu
r
e
d
a
ta
s
h
a
r
in
g
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
[
4
2
]
:
W
o
r
k
s
in
th
is
c
ateg
o
r
y
aim
to
en
ab
le
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
en
f
o
r
ce
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l p
o
licies
in
I
o
T
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
u
s
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies ex
am
in
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
e
r
an
d
th
ei
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ca
teg
o
r
i
es.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
R
ev
iewe
d
p
ap
er
s
o
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
in
I
o
T
3.
RE
VI
E
W
ST
UD
Y
3
.
1
.
Rela
t
ed
wo
rk
t
o
priv
a
cy
in t
he
I
o
T
I
n
th
is
p
ar
t,
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
en
t
ex
is
tin
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
I
o
T
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
1
5
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
b
o
ls
ter
p
r
iv
ac
y
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
in
I
o
T
-
d
r
iv
en
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
lev
er
a
g
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
to
f
o
r
tif
y
p
r
iv
ac
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
in
teg
r
ate
s
s
m
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
with
in
th
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
to
r
eg
u
late
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
d
elin
ea
te
d
ata
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
p
o
lic
ies.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
estab
lis
h
es
an
au
d
it
tr
ail
f
o
r
all
d
ata
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
e
n
h
an
cin
g
b
o
t
h
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
i
n
g
d
a
ta
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
wh
ile
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
E
s
f
ah
an
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
esen
t
a
n
alter
n
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
th
r
ee
-
lay
er
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
m
o
d
el
d
esig
n
e
d
to
b
o
ls
ter
d
at
a
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
ag
ai
n
s
t
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
th
r
ea
ts
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
o
f
f
e
r
s
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
au
th
en
ticatio
n
,
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
,
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
Secu
r
ity
an
al
y
s
es
co
n
d
u
cte
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ag
ain
s
t
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
attac
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
Ali
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
th
r
ee
-
way
d
ec
is
io
n
s
-
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
an
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
g
r
o
u
p
attr
ib
u
tes.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
iva
cy
a
n
d
co
n
fid
en
tia
lity in
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
:
a
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
Hib
a
K
a
n
d
il
)
4253
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
i
n
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
m
eth
o
d
to
au
g
m
en
t th
e
o
v
er
all
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial p
r
iv
ac
y
with
in
I
o
T
co
n
tex
ts
.
Ab
u
lad
el
an
d
B
am
asag
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
tack
led
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
u
n
p
r
o
t
ec
ted
d
ata
e
x
ch
an
g
e
am
o
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
with
in
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
ey
o
u
tlin
e
two
u
s
e
-
c
ase
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
I
o
T
u
s
er
s
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
d
ata
a
n
d
lo
ca
t
io
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
I
o
T
d
ata
a
n
d
l
o
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
p
r
o
ce
ed
t
o
an
aly
ze
p
o
te
n
tial
p
r
iv
ac
y
th
r
ea
ts
with
in
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Xu
e
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
i
v
a
cy
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
f
ac
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
ch
em
e
with
in
th
e
B
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
p
a
ce
.
Un
lik
e
m
an
y
ex
is
tin
g
s
ch
em
es
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
an
aly
tic
m
o
d
els
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
s
to
r
ed
f
ac
e
d
ata,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
d
r
ess
es
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
at
th
e
en
d
-
d
e
v
ice
lev
el.
B
y
d
o
i
n
g
s
o
,
it
ca
ter
s
to
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices,
en
ab
lin
g
a
n
aly
tics
task
s
to
o
p
er
ate
o
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
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f
ac
e
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ata
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ep
r
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ile
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r
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ig
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ata
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tili
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o
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an
aly
tics
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r
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I
n
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
d
etailed
in
[
2
0
]
,
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
r
aw
d
ata
co
llectio
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s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
I
o
T
is
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tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
an
o
n
y
m
izes
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ar
ticip
an
t
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ata
b
y
m
e
r
g
in
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it
with
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
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er
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
with
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
p
r
i
v
ac
y
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s
af
eg
u
ar
d
ed
.
No
tab
l
y
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o
r
ig
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o
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m
at
o
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al
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ata
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etai
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its
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s
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ilit
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r
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m
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Mo
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e
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ates w
ith
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t r
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al
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th
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ity
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k
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r
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l
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s
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Ad
d
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n
ally
,
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f
icien
c
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n
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cte
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th
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o
u
g
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s
im
u
latio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
r
ac
ticality
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
k
n
o
w
n
as
r
i
n
g
-
lo
o
p
r
o
u
tin
g
(
SLPR
R
)
f
o
r
th
e
I
o
T
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
'
s
b
ac
k
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
tim
e,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
c
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
g
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
to
s
en
d
r
ea
l
p
ac
k
ets
to
a
b
ase
r
in
g
.
Ad
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i
tio
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ally
,
p
h
a
n
to
m
n
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es,
f
a
k
e
p
ac
k
ets,
an
d
a
c
o
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f
o
u
n
d
in
g
r
in
g
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
.
An
al
y
s
is
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
h
av
e
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
s
ec
u
r
ity
with
o
u
t im
p
ac
tin
g
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
tim
e.
An
o
th
er
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
in
itiativ
e
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
,
wh
er
e
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
in
tr
icate
in
ter
ac
tio
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m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
a
th
r
ee
-
p
ar
ty
g
a
m
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
tack
les
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
p
r
iv
ate
d
ata
tr
ad
in
g
in
I
o
T
b
y
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
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n
t
th
e
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
with
in
o
n
lin
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
ata
tr
a
d
in
g
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
a
n
d
th
e
a
d
v
er
s
ar
y
as
a
Nash
b
ar
g
ain
in
g
g
am
e,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
ex
am
in
e
d
th
e
Na
s
h
b
ar
g
ain
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
t
h
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
aly
s
is
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
h
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
elin
ea
ted
th
e
d
ata
tr
ad
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
a
n
d
th
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
es in
I
o
T
.
T
o
ad
d
r
e
s
s
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
p
r
iv
a
c
y
ch
a
l
l
en
g
e
s
,
B
o
u
s
s
a
d
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
3
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
in
n
o
v
a
t
iv
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
-
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
i
n
t
er
n
e
t
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
-
b
a
s
ed
e
-
h
e
a
l
t
h
s
o
lu
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
m
e
e
t
s
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
an
d
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
p
r
iv
a
c
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
em
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
o
l
u
t
io
n
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
t
e
s
th
e
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o
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r
c
e
-
c
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s
t
r
a
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e
d
n
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tu
r
e
o
f
I
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T
d
e
v
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s
b
y
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b
a
s
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d
en
c
r
y
p
t
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ch
e
m
e.
F
u
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th
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m
o
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e
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
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s
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eh
en
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c
u
r
i
t
y
an
a
l
y
s
is
t
o
v
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t
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h
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i
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p
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l
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n
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ac
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-
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
s
o
l
u
t
io
n
s
,
G
h
ei
s
a
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
h
av
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
d
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f
in
e
d
n
e
t
wo
r
k
i
n
g
(
S
D
N
)
p
a
r
a
d
ig
m
t
o
I
o
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-
b
a
s
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
ci
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
y
h
av
e
d
ev
e
l
o
p
e
d
an
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t
p
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iv
a
cy
-
p
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s
e
r
v
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n
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m
e
t
h
o
d
t
o
m
an
ag
e
th
e
f
l
o
w
o
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d
a
t
a
p
a
ck
e
ts
f
r
o
m
s
h
a
r
ed
I
o
T
d
e
v
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ce
d
a
t
a
.
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d
d
i
t
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o
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y
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x
t
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n
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iv
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m
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g
M
i
n
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e
t
-
W
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F
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h
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e
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n
co
n
d
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t
e
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to
s
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a
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ch
.
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v
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lu
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p
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d
t
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x
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p
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c
y
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p
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s
e
r
v
i
n
g
s
o
lu
t
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o
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
t
h
o
d
ex
h
ib
i
t
s
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
p
en
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
,
a
c
cu
r
a
c
y
,
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
f
o
r
s
m
a
r
t
c
i
ty
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
c
o
n
tex
t,
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
h
av
e
d
e
v
is
ed
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
au
th
en
ticatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
with
wea
k
e
r
i
d
en
titi
es.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
i
n
teg
r
ates
an
a
d
ap
ted
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
an
d
a
s
ec
r
et
-
s
h
a
r
in
g
s
ch
em
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
ex
am
i
n
e
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
ag
ain
s
t
s
ix
ty
p
ical
attac
k
s
an
d
v
er
if
ied
i
ts
f
o
r
m
al
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
in
p
r
ac
tice.
3
.
2
.
Rela
t
ed
wo
rk
o
n a
uthent
ica
t
io
n a
nd
t
rus
t
in t
he
I
o
T
T
h
is
p
ar
t
d
is
cu
s
s
es
s
o
m
e
p
ap
er
s
th
at
tr
ea
t
au
th
en
ticatio
n
a
n
d
tr
u
s
t
in
I
o
T
.
I
n
s
tu
d
y
[
2
6
]
,
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
au
th
en
ticatio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
b
le
n
d
in
g
ce
n
tr
alize
d
an
d
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
elem
en
ts
,
lev
er
a
g
in
g
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
an
d
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
is
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
lig
h
tweig
h
t
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ch
em
es
to
e
n
h
an
ce
au
t
h
en
tica
tio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
aly
s
e
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
r
esil
ien
ce
ag
ain
s
t
attac
k
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
in
g
its
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
f
u
lf
ill th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
n
ee
d
s
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
[
2
7
]
,
a
n
alter
n
ativ
e
I
o
T
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
b
ased
o
n
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
u
g
g
est
an
au
th
en
ticatio
n
an
d
m
ess
ag
e
in
teg
r
ity
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
cr
o
s
s
-
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
An
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
its
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
u
itab
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f
o
r
d
is
tr
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u
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
r
eq
u
ir
in
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cr
o
s
s
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
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t J E
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&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
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u
s
t
20
25
:
4
2
4
9
-
4258
4254
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
I
n
[
2
8
]
,
a
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
o
n
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
-
b
ased
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
is
o
u
tlin
ed
,
wh
er
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
e
v
is
e
a
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
au
th
e
n
ti
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
cities
u
s
in
g
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ey
s
h
o
wca
s
e
a
tan
g
ib
le
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
city
ass
ets.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
ey
d
ev
is
e
a
h
y
b
r
id
a
p
p
licatio
n
aim
ed
at
d
eliv
er
in
g
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
in
te
r
f
ac
e
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
a
n
d
i
n
ter
a
ctin
g
with
th
e
d
iv
e
r
s
e
o
b
jects
with
in
s
m
ar
t
city
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
[
2
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
lev
er
ag
in
g
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
is
t
r
ib
u
ted
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
le
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
I
t
f
ac
ilit
ates
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
in
tr
u
s
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co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
au
th
en
ti
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
I
o
T
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
b
y
i
n
itiatin
g
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tu
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in
itial
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tatic
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ticatio
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etwe
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o
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es
to
estab
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a
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e
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cr
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n
el.
Ad
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ally
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ates
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ec
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in
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to
id
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tify
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u
tlier
s
an
d
an
o
m
alo
u
s
ac
ce
s
s
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
a
u
th
en
tic
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n
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
ala
n
ce
s
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
th
u
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
m
m
o
n
attac
k
s
tar
g
etin
g
th
e
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Mo
d
u
et
a
l
.
[
3
0
]
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
m
u
lti
-
b
io
m
etr
ic
s
y
s
tem
f
o
u
n
d
ed
o
n
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
aim
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
ac
cu
r
ac
y
wh
ile
m
i
n
im
izin
g
laten
c
y
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
I
t
ac
h
iev
es
th
is
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
u
n
i
-
b
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m
etr
ic
tech
n
iq
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f
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tr
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s
ted
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s
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d
a
m
u
lti
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b
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m
etr
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
u
n
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
a
r
e
ev
alu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
an
d
d
is
cr
ete
ev
en
t
s
im
u
latio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics.
Ap
te
et
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
tr
u
s
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
ce
n
ter
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
g
atew
ay
s
a
n
d
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
tr
u
s
t
in
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
io
r
itizes
lig
h
tweig
h
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
wit
h
in
d
e
v
ices,
estab
lis
h
in
g
tr
u
s
t
b
etwe
en
two
o
b
jects
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices a
g
ain
s
t d
iv
er
s
e
attac
k
s
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
ed
a
t
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
i
n
g
d
ata
co
n
f
id
en
t
iality
an
d
f
o
r
tify
i
n
g
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
d
ev
ices
ag
ain
s
t
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
at
tack
s
,
Stu
d
y
by
Sb
ay
tr
i
et
a
l.
[
3
2
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
el
lig
h
tweig
h
t
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
/
d
e
cr
y
p
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
e
m
p
lo
y
s
ir
r
ev
e
r
s
ib
le
elem
en
tar
y
ce
llu
lar
au
to
m
ata
to
g
en
er
ate
s
ub
-
k
e
y
s
an
d
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
r
ev
e
r
s
ib
le
ce
llu
lar
au
to
m
ata
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
p
er
m
u
tatio
n
s
.
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
h
ig
h
a
v
alan
ch
e
ef
f
ec
t
,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
ec
u
r
ity
lev
el.
An
o
th
er
p
ap
e
r
f
o
r
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
aim
ed
o
n
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
is
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
k
ey
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izat
io
n
u
p
d
ate
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
a
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
ag
ain
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
a
ttack
s
lik
e
r
ep
lay
a
n
d
m
an
-
in
-
th
e
-
m
id
d
le
attac
k
s
.
Fo
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
u
s
in
g
T
am
ar
in
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
w
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
v
er
o
th
e
r
s
ch
em
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
u
tili
ty
.
3
.
3
.
M
L
-
ba
s
ed
s
o
lutio
ns
f
o
r
priv
a
cy
a
nd
co
nfi
dentia
lity
i
n Io
T
Z
h
u
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
ML
tr
ai
n
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
n
am
e
d
Hed
a
.
T
h
e
Hed
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
es
er
v
in
g
ML
tr
ain
in
g
u
s
in
g
p
a
r
tial h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
co
llu
s
io
n
.
Secu
r
ity
a
n
a
ly
s
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
p
r
o
tectio
n
in
h
o
n
est
-
but
-
c
u
r
io
u
s
m
o
d
els
an
d
a
g
ain
s
t
co
llu
s
io
n
,
with
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
v
er
if
y
in
g
i
ts
ef
f
icien
cy
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
m
o
d
el
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
n
e
ce
s
s
itate
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
i
cien
cy
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
in
g
ML
tr
ai
n
in
g
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
te
x
t,
th
e
p
a
p
er
[
3
5
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
p
r
eser
v
in
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
I
o
T
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
d
ata,
is
o
latin
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
th
e
u
s
er
-
en
d
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
at
th
e
clo
u
d
-
e
n
d
.
A
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
o
d
u
le
b
ased
o
n
c
o
n
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
,
wit
h
ex
ten
s
iv
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
,
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
p
o
ten
tial
d
ata
b
r
ea
c
h
es
ar
e
ad
m
itted
.
B
esid
es,
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
in
I
o
T
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
em
an
d
s
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
A
n
o
th
er
wo
r
k
ab
o
u
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
I
o
T
s
u
g
g
ests
in
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
q
u
an
tu
m
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
f
ed
er
ated
lear
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
6
G
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
is
cu
s
s
an
d
an
aly
ze
r
ec
e
n
t
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
an
d
is
s
u
es
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
p
ap
e
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
teg
r
atin
g
q
u
a
n
tu
m
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
f
e
d
er
ated
lear
n
i
n
g
with
in
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
alle
v
iate
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
I
o
T
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
c
o
u
n
t
er
s
d
if
f
icu
lties
d
u
e
to
tech
n
i
ca
l
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Qu
an
tu
m
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
es f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
I
o
T
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
I
n
[
3
7
]
,
an
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
ata
leak
s
an
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
is
s
u
es
in
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
m
o
d
els.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
p
ap
e
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
with
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
n
o
d
es,
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
t
o
f
f
a
ilu
r
e,
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
o
f
p
r
iv
at
e
d
ata
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
ir
d
-
p
ar
t
y
AI
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
ec
u
r
es
u
s
er
d
ata
an
d
p
r
eser
v
es
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
th
e
AI
m
o
d
els.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
iva
cy
a
n
d
co
n
fid
en
tia
lity in
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
:
a
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
Hib
a
K
a
n
d
il
)
4255
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
s
ca
lab
le
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
p
lits
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
laten
cy
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
r
eq
u
i
r
es
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
in
d
ata
lo
ad
/o
f
f
lo
ad
am
o
n
g
d
ev
ic
es,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
ls
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Fo
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
o
m
al
y
d
etec
t
io
n
,
Sh
a
k
y
a
et
a
l
.
[
3
8
]
p
r
esen
t
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
ec
u
r
ity
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
e
s
ze
r
o
-
tr
u
s
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
AI
/ML
-
d
r
iv
en
th
r
ea
t
d
etec
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
ca
lab
le
a
n
d
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ati
v
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
o
r
5
G/6
G
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
e
x
am
in
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
f
iv
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
(
XGBo
o
s
t,
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
(
R
F)
,
k
-
n
ea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
r
(
KNN
)
,
s
to
ch
asti
c
g
r
ad
ien
t
d
escen
t
(
SGD)
,
an
d
n
aïv
e
B
ay
es)
f
o
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
en
ial
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
DDo
S
)
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
is
d
eliv
er
ed
.
W
h
i
le
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ML
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
XGBo
o
s
t,
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Yet,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
m
ay
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
ass
o
ciate
d
with
AI
/ML
m
o
d
els
to
p
r
eser
v
e
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
an
d
tr
u
s
t
in
a
u
to
m
ated
t
h
r
e
at
d
etec
tio
n
.
Ullah
a
n
d
Ma
h
m
o
u
d
[
3
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
an
o
m
aly
-
b
ased
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
I
o
T
n
et
wo
r
k
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
a
l
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Valid
a
ti
o
n
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
d
atasets
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
lear
n
in
g
p
r
i
n
cip
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
r
ec
all,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e,
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
s
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
C
NN
)
-
b
ased
an
o
m
aly
d
ete
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
o
m
p
t
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
an
d
d
em
an
d
s
ex
ten
s
iv
e
tu
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ed
er
ated
-
lear
n
in
g
(
FL)
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
4
0
]
em
p
lo
y
s
o
n
-
d
ev
ice
d
ata
f
o
r
an
o
m
al
y
d
etec
tio
n
in
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
r
e
s
er
v
in
g
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
b
y
s
h
ar
in
g
o
n
ly
lear
n
e
d
weig
h
ts
.
Utilizi
n
g
g
ated
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
u
n
its
(
GR
Us)
m
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le
tech
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ttack
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ed
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alize
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I
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T
d
e
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ab
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Yao
et
a
l
.
[
4
1
]
p
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d
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tr
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ted
s
y
s
tem
f
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co
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L
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l.
[
4
2
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d
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4.
SUM
M
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SCUS
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h
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b
y
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
ad
d
r
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s
s
m
u
l
t
i
p
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ap
p
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F
o
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m
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A
l
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l.
[
1
5
]
p
r
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v
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p
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v
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y
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3
4
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,
[
3
5
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w
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3
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[
4
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w
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[
4
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√
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
ex
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i
n
ed
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e
c
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s
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u
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d
in
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p
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ac
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d
co
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f
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th
e
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ter
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T
h
in
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s
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h
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d
etailed
r
ev
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f
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ec
en
t
ex
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tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
.
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h
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p
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lm
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an
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tr
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t,
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at
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T
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b
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tech
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o
r
d
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p
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tectio
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an
d
an
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m
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f
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wh
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p
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as
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lo
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d
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s
ev
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lv
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g
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r
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
A
.
H
u
sn
o
o
,
A
.
A
n
w
a
r
,
R
.
K
.
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h
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k
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t
t
y
,
R
.
D
o
ss,
a
n
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.
J.
R
y
a
n
,
“
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
p
r
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v
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y
f
o
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T
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e
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t
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c
a
l
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f
r
a
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e
:
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c
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m
p
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h
e
n
si
v
e
su
r
v
e
y
,
”
I
EE
E
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
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l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
2
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6
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5
3
3
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/
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C
C
ESS
.
2
0
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1
.
3
1
2
4
3
0
9
.
[
2
]
N
.
W
a
h
e
e
d
,
X
.
H
e
,
M
.
I
k
r
a
m,
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.
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s
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.
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.
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a
sh
m
i
,
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d
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.
U
sm
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n
,
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e
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p
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T
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d
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k
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i
n
,
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p
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t
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n
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S
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s
,
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.
5
3
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.
6
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p
p
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–
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,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
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5
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3
4
1
7
9
8
7
.
[
3
]
F
.
H
u
ssai
n
,
R
.
H
u
ss
a
i
n
,
S
.
A
.
H
a
s
san
,
a
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E.
H
o
ssa
i
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,
“
M
a
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l
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n
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n
g
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I
o
T
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c
u
r
i
t
y
:
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r
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so
l
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s
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n
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t
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c
h
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l
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e
s,”
I
E
EE
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o
m
m
u
n
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c
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t
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o
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s
S
u
rve
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2
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O
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2
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4
.
[
4
]
E.
R
o
d
r
í
g
u
e
z
,
B
.
O
t
e
r
o
,
a
n
d
R
.
C
a
n
a
l
,
“
A
su
r
v
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f
mac
h
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n
e
a
n
d
d
e
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p
l
e
a
r
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n
g
m
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t
h
o
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s
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p
r
i
v
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t
e
c
t
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o
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t
h
e
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n
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s,
”
S
e
n
s
o
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
2
5
2
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
2
3
0
3
1
2
5
2
.
[
5
]
H
.
Y
z
z
o
g
h
,
H
.
K
a
n
d
i
l
,
a
n
d
H
.
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n
a
b
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,
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v
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v
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w
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v
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s,
”
i
n
T
h
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Ar
t
o
f
C
y
b
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r De
f
e
n
se
,
B
o
c
a
R
a
t
o
n
:
C
R
C
P
r
e
ss,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
–
5
1
.
[
6
]
J.
H
o
u
,
L
.
Q
u
,
a
n
d
W
.
S
h
i
,
“
A
s
u
r
v
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n
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t
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t
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