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I
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2
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ev
is
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J
u
n
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e
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o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(AI)
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
tern
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(Io
T),
k
n
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wn
a
s
th
e
a
rti
f
icia
l
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
in
g
s
(AI
o
T),
re
p
re
se
n
ts
a
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
v
e
lea
p
in
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
so
c
ieta
l
re
a
d
in
e
ss
fo
r
AIo
T
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
id
e
n
ti
fied
k
e
y
fa
c
to
rs
i
n
flu
e
n
c
in
g
th
e
re
a
d
i
n
e
ss
.
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e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
u
se
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
re
a
d
in
e
ss
in
d
e
x
(TRI)
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
b
r
o
k
e
n
d
o
wn
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
in
to
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
su
r
v
e
y
’s
in
stru
m
e
n
t
.
Th
e
stu
d
y
u
se
d
a
b
o
u
t
1
2
9
sa
m
p
les
fo
r
e
x
a
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
u
se
d
v
a
riab
les
,
i
.
e
.
,
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
sk
il
ls,
so
c
ial
a
n
d
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
s,
re
g
u
lato
ry
fa
c
to
rs,
a
n
d
d
ig
it
a
l
li
tera
c
y
.
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
rs
e
m
p
lo
y
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d
p
a
rti
a
l
lea
st
s
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u
a
re
s
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
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a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
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g
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P
LS
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S
EM
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m
e
th
o
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sin
g
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m
a
rtP
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3
.
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o
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ly
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e
th
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
s
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
v
a
riab
les
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
te
d
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
s
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
d
riv
e
r
o
f
so
c
ieta
l
re
a
d
in
e
ss
,
wh
il
e
fa
c
to
rs
li
k
e
d
isc
o
m
fo
rt
h
a
v
e
a
les
se
r
i
m
p
a
c
t.
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ism
a
lso
p
lay
e
d
m
o
d
e
ra
te
ro
les
in
sh
a
p
i
n
g
re
a
d
in
e
ss
.
Th
e
se
fin
d
in
g
s
o
ffe
r
c
r
u
c
ia
l
in
sig
h
ts
f
o
r
sta
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
rs
o
f
th
e
AIo
T
imp
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
b
y
p
ro
v
id
i
n
g
a
f
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
stra
teg
ies
th
a
t
p
r
o
m
o
te
t
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
fu
l
in
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
AIo
T
in
t
o
s
o
c
iety
.
Th
e
stu
d
y
c
o
n
tri
b
u
tes
t
o
th
e
b
ro
a
d
e
r
d
isc
o
u
rse
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
,
o
ffe
rin
g
a
ro
a
d
m
a
p
fo
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
so
c
ieta
l
p
re
p
a
re
d
n
e
ss
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
o
f
th
in
g
s
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
So
cieta
l r
ea
d
in
ess
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
d
ex
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Dwi
Yu
n
iar
to
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics,
Facu
lty
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Seb
elas A
p
r
il Un
iv
er
s
ity
An
g
k
r
ek
Sit
u
1
9
,
Su
m
ed
an
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
d
wiy
u
n
iar
to
@
u
n
s
ap
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
AI
o
T
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
h
ad
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
ac
t
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
u
m
an
life
.
AI
o
T
co
m
b
in
es
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
with
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
to
cr
ea
te
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ca
n
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
co
llect,
a
n
aly
ze
,
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
b
y
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Desp
ite
its
v
ast
p
o
ten
tial,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
also
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
er
io
u
s
ly
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
p
ar
t
icu
la
r
ly
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
o
cieta
l
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
aim
to
id
en
tify
a
n
d
an
aly
ze
th
e
is
s
u
es
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
AI
o
T
a
n
d
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
o
ciety
'
s
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
n
ess
to
co
n
f
r
o
n
t
th
e
m
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
life
r
atio
n
o
f
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
g
en
er
atin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ata
r
aises
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
d
at
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
r
ea
t
s
s
u
ch
as
d
ata
b
r
ea
ch
es,
h
ac
k
i
n
g
,
an
d
th
e
m
is
u
s
e
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
u
n
d
er
m
in
e
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t
in
AI
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
AI
o
T
’
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ca
n
lead
to
a
h
ig
h
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
A
n
y
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
o
r
f
ailu
r
es
in
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
co
u
ld
h
av
e
s
ev
e
r
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
n
o
t
ev
e
r
y
o
n
e
h
as
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
AI
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
o
ten
tially
d
e
ep
en
in
g
s
o
cial
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
i
n
eq
u
alities
b
etwe
e
n
th
o
s
e
wh
o
h
a
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
t
h
o
s
e
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
u
n
ev
en
lear
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
au
to
m
atio
n
en
a
b
led
b
y
AI
o
T
m
ay
a
ls
o
lead
to
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
h
u
m
an
lab
o
r
in
ce
r
tain
s
ec
to
r
s
,
ca
u
s
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
n
ec
es
s
itatin
g
r
etr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
r
esk
ill
wo
r
k
er
s
[
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
o
f th
in
g
s
:
s
o
ciety
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
Dw
i Yu
n
ia
r
to
)
2591
T
h
e
au
to
m
atic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
y
AI
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
co
u
ld
r
aise
co
m
p
lex
eth
ical
an
d
leg
al
q
u
esti
o
n
s
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
wh
o
is
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
if
a
n
au
t
o
m
ated
d
ec
is
io
n
lead
s
to
n
eg
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
?
Ho
w
s
h
o
u
ld
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
e
a
p
p
lied
t
o
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
o
T
?
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
ca
n
alter
th
e
way
we
in
ter
ac
t a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
,
d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
o
cial
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
d
y
n
am
ics an
d
cr
ea
ti
n
g
n
ew
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
s
o
ci
al
h
ab
its
an
d
n
o
r
m
s
.
So
ciety
’
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
f
ac
e
th
ese
ch
an
g
es
will
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
em
er
g
in
g
is
s
u
es.
I
t
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
co
llab
o
r
ate
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
an
d
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
AI
o
T
ad
o
p
tio
n
wh
il
e
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
s
o
ciety
to
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
m
an
ag
e
its
im
p
ac
ts
[
9
]
.
As
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
ad
v
an
ce
,
we
ca
n
ex
p
ec
t
m
o
r
e
AI
o
T
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
co
u
ld
e
n
h
an
ce
co
m
f
o
r
t,
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
,
a
n
d
q
u
ality
o
f
life
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
aily
liv
i
n
g
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
is
s
u
es
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
u
s
e
o
f
AI
o
T
,
we
ca
n
r
elate
th
em
to
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
d
ex
(
T
R
I
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Par
asu
r
am
a
n
an
d
C
o
lb
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
R
I
is
a
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
o
r
s
o
cieties
to
ad
o
p
t
a
n
d
u
s
e
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
co
n
n
ec
t sev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
T
R
I
,
i.e
.
: o
p
tim
is
m
,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
n
ess
,
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
an
d
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
B
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
AI
o
T
is
s
u
es
with
th
e
T
R
I
co
n
ce
p
t,
we
c
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
s
o
ciety
’
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
f
ac
e
t
h
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
AI
o
T
im
p
le
m
en
tat
io
n
an
d
u
s
ag
e.
T
h
e
g
r
o
win
g
p
r
o
m
in
en
ce
o
f
AI
o
T
in
s
h
ap
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
o
th
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
cieta
l
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
W
h
ile
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as a
cr
u
cia
l d
r
iv
er
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
o
ciety
t
o
ad
ap
t to
an
d
e
m
b
r
ac
e
r
ap
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
o
th
er
f
a
cto
r
s
lik
e
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
an
d
in
s
e
cu
r
ity
r
em
ai
n
s
less
ex
p
lo
r
ed
.
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
em
p
o
wer
s
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
to
h
ar
n
ess
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
o
u
t
ad
e
q
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
—
s
u
ch
as
f
ea
r
o
f
jo
b
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t,
lo
s
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l,
o
r
a
lack
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
AI
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
—
s
o
cieta
l a
cc
ep
tan
ce
m
ay
b
e
h
in
d
er
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
esp
ec
ially
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
d
a
ta
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies,
also
p
lay
s
a
cr
itical
r
o
le.
I
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
d
o
n
o
t
f
ee
l
th
at
th
eir
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
ad
eq
u
ately
p
r
o
tecte
d
,
th
i
s
ca
n
lea
d
to
h
esit
an
cy
o
r
o
u
tr
i
g
h
t
r
esis
tan
ce
to
en
g
ag
in
g
with
A
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
o
p
tim
is
m
to
war
d
s
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
t
o
en
h
an
ce
s
o
cieta
l
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
a
s
th
o
s
e
with
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tlo
o
k
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
b
en
ef
its
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
AI
o
T
o
f
f
er
s
.
E
x
p
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
es
e
i
n
t
er
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ad
d
s
d
e
p
th
t
o
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
,
r
e
v
e
ali
n
g
h
o
w
ea
c
h
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
tes
to
t
h
e
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
s
o
c
iet
al
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e
an
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
ir
n
u
a
n
ce
d
r
o
le
s
s
h
a
p
e
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
an
d
p
o
te
n
t
ial
r
es
is
ta
n
c
e
to
A
I
o
T
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
.
U
n
d
e
r
s
t
an
d
in
g
t
h
es
e
d
y
n
am
ics
i
n
g
r
e
ate
r
d
et
ail
al
lo
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
i
n
s
i
g
h
tf
u
l
co
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tic
al
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
at
io
n
s
f
o
r
f
o
s
te
r
i
n
g
s
o
c
iet
al
p
r
e
p
a
r
ed
n
ess
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
s
t
o
i
n
v
es
tig
ate
t
h
e
e
x
t
en
t
t
o
wh
i
ch
t
h
es
e
f
a
ct
o
r
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
cie
tal
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
a
n
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
p
o
te
n
ti
a
l
s
tr
ate
g
i
es
t
o
e
n
h
an
ce
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
ess
f
o
r
th
e
AI
o
T
r
e
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
p
r
o
b
le
m
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
:
to
w
h
a
t
e
x
te
n
t
d
o
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
,
d
is
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
,
i
n
s
e
c
u
r
i
ty
,
an
d
o
p
tim
is
m
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
c
iet
y
'
s
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
f
o
r
t
h
e
im
p
l
em
en
tat
io
n
o
f
A
I
o
T
,
a
n
d
h
o
w
ca
n
t
h
ese
f
ac
t
o
r
s
b
e
l
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
o
c
iet
al
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
o
f
A
I
o
T
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
?
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
v
alu
ab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
o
ciety
’
s
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
AI
o
T
in
a
n
er
a
o
f
r
ap
i
d
ly
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
is
ar
ticle
is
s
tag
ed
with
in
f
o
u
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
b
asis
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
ec
tio
n
will
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
s
am
p
le,
an
d
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Nex
t,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
tag
es
an
d
its
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
th
eo
r
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
r
esear
ch
lim
itatio
n
s
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
Fin
a
lly
,
th
is
ar
ticle
clo
s
es
by
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
h
av
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ch
an
g
es
to
d
aily
life
,
with
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
AI
o
T
em
e
r
g
in
g
as
a
n
ew
p
ar
ad
ig
m
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
es
AI
an
d
I
o
T
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ted
th
e
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
o
T
in
s
ec
to
r
s
lik
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
,
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
ellig
en
t,
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ev
ices
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
ee
p
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
b
etter
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
ted
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
ef
f
i
cien
t
u
r
b
a
n
tr
af
f
ic
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
t
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
its
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
p
o
ten
tial,
ch
all
en
g
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
an
d
eth
ical
is
s
u
es
r
em
ain
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
in
r
esear
ch
an
d
s
cien
tific
d
e
b
ates
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
s
tu
d
y
in
g
s
o
cieta
l r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
AI
o
T
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
t
io
n
an
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
o
cieta
l
lay
er
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
in
tel
,
AI
o
T
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
I
o
T
an
d
AI
,
wh
er
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
with
AI
'
s
an
aly
tical
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
AI
o
T
en
ab
les
d
ev
ices
to
in
tellig
en
tly
co
llect
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
ata,
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
et
ter
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
Mc
Kin
s
ey
d
ef
in
es
AI
o
T
as
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
with
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
allo
win
g
d
e
v
ices
to
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
p
r
ed
ict,
an
d
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r
esp
o
n
d
to
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
AI
o
T
ca
n
o
p
tim
ize
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
cr
ea
te
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ee
p
er
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
[
1
5
]
.
Fo
r
b
es
d
escr
ib
es
AI
o
T
as
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
u
s
e
d
at
a
g
en
er
ated
b
y
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
AI
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
to
tak
e
ac
tio
n
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
en
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
AI
o
T
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
i
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
AI
o
T
is
to
co
m
b
in
e
two
m
ain
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
I
o
T
an
d
AI
,
to
cr
ea
te
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ar
e
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
en
t,
a
d
ap
tiv
e,
an
d
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
a
k
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
[
1
]
.
I
o
T
r
e
f
er
s
to
a
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ev
ices
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
v
i
a
th
e
in
ter
n
et,
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
d
ata.
T
h
ese
d
ev
ices
ca
n
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
a
n
d
v
eh
icles
to
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
I
o
T
is
to
g
ath
er
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
m
it
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
an
d
u
s
e
in
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
AI
is
a
b
r
an
ch
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
o
r
m
ac
h
in
es
th
at
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
task
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
h
u
m
an
in
tellig
en
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
n
a
tu
r
al
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
AI
o
T
i
n
teg
r
ates
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
r
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
:
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
—
AI
q
u
ick
ly
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
an
al
y
ze
s
th
e
v
a
s
t
an
d
co
m
p
lex
d
ata
g
en
er
at
ed
b
y
I
o
T
d
ev
ices,
id
en
tify
in
g
p
atter
n
s
,
tr
en
d
s
,
an
d
u
s
ef
u
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
;
au
to
m
atic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
—
AI
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ase
d
o
n
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
d
etec
ted
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
s
m
ar
t sy
s
tem
ca
n
r
eg
u
late
h
o
m
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
b
ased
o
n
wea
th
e
r
d
ata
an
d
r
esid
en
t
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
;
p
r
ed
ictio
n
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
—
AI
o
T
ca
n
p
r
e
d
ict
f
u
tu
r
e
e
v
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
an
d
d
etec
ted
f
ac
to
r
s
,
ap
p
licab
le
i
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
lik
e
p
r
ed
ictin
g
m
ac
h
in
e
f
ailu
r
es
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
em
a
n
d
;
au
to
m
at
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
—
AI
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
au
to
m
atica
lly
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
a
n
g
es.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
e
h
icles,
AI
o
T
h
elp
s
ca
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
r
ea
ct
to
tr
af
f
ic
c
h
an
g
es
o
r
em
er
g
en
cies;
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
—
AI
o
T
o
p
tim
izes
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e,
s
u
ch
as
en
er
g
y
o
r
r
aw
m
ater
ials
,
b
ased
o
n
co
llected
d
a
ta.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
AI
o
T
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
ca
n
m
an
ag
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
o
i
l m
o
is
tu
r
e
lev
els;
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
—
AI
o
T
lear
n
s
f
r
o
m
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
h
a
b
its
,
tailo
r
in
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Stre
am
in
g
s
er
v
ices
m
i
g
h
t
s
u
g
g
est
m
u
s
ic
b
ased
o
n
a
u
s
er
'
s
l
is
ten
in
g
h
is
to
r
y
;
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t
—
AI
o
T
is
also
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
n
etw
o
r
k
s
an
d
t
h
e
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
d
b
y
I
o
T
d
ev
ices [
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
AI
o
T
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
h
av
e
s
ee
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
s
o
cieta
l
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
is
a
k
ey
s
ec
to
r
wh
er
e
AI
o
T
h
as
m
ad
e
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
ac
ts
.
Dev
ices
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
twatch
es
an
d
wea
r
ab
le
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
tr
ac
k
h
ea
lth
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
lik
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
b
lo
o
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els.
T
h
is
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
d
etec
t
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ea
r
ly
war
n
in
g
s
to
u
s
er
s
o
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
tim
ely
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
ati
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
3
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es,
AI
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
at
e
d
ev
ices
s
u
ch
as
lig
h
ts
,
k
itch
en
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
s
ea
m
less
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
a
u
t
o
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
h
a
n
ce
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
b
u
t
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
ap
p
lian
ce
u
s
ag
e
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
lead
to
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
ef
f
o
r
ts
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
,
AI
o
T
is
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
ad
a
p
tiv
e
le
ar
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
tailo
r
ed
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les.
I
n
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
a
n
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
AI
o
T
h
as
d
r
iv
en
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
e
h
icle
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
with
AI
en
ab
lin
g
o
b
s
tacle
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
n
av
ig
atio
n
,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
r
o
a
d
.
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
eh
icles
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
A
I
o
T
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
s
af
er
d
r
iv
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
u
m
a
n
er
r
o
r
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
also
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
Ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
u
s
e
AI
o
T
to
tailo
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t
t
o
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
n
ee
d
s
,
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les,
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
s
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
at
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
ized
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
5
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
AI
o
T
in
d
iv
er
s
e
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
ts
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
v
ea
l
h
o
w
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
v
ar
y
.
R
esear
ch
in
E
a
s
t
Asi
an
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
J
ap
an
an
d
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
s
o
cieta
l
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
AI
o
T
,
d
r
iv
en
b
y
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es
em
p
h
asizin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
c
em
en
t
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
al
an
d
d
i
g
ital
liter
ac
y
ch
allen
g
es
b
ef
o
r
e
AI
o
T
ca
n
b
e
f
u
lly
in
te
g
r
ated
in
to
s
o
ciety
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
at
wh
il
e
AI
o
T
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
ten
tial,
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
d
ee
p
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
s
o
ci
al,
cu
ltu
r
al,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
en
s
u
r
e
eq
u
itab
le
b
en
e
f
its
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
e
r
en
t so
cieties.
T
h
e
T
R
I
m
o
d
el,
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
b
y
Par
asu
r
am
an
a
n
d
C
o
lb
y
[
1
0
]
,
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
ad
o
p
t
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Par
asu
r
am
a
n
an
d
C
o
lb
y
[
1
0
]
,
p
lay
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
p
r
ed
ictin
g
h
o
w
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ad
o
p
t
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
r
elev
an
t
wh
en
s
tu
d
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
cieta
l
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
f
o
r
AI
o
T
,
as
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
p
eo
p
le'
s
p
r
ed
is
p
o
s
itio
n
to
war
d
s
em
b
r
ac
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
s
s
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
o
u
t
e
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
s
i
n
S
E
M
-
P
L
S
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
T
R
I
m
o
d
el
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
i
n
f
o
u
r
k
e
y
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
r
e
f
le
ct
b
o
t
h
p
o
s
iti
v
e
a
n
d
n
e
g
at
iv
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
r
e
ad
in
ess
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
o
f th
in
g
s
:
s
o
ciety
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
Dw
i Yu
n
ia
r
to
)
2593
i
)
o
p
ti
m
is
m
:
t
h
is
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
n
c
a
p
t
u
r
es
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
o
u
t
lo
o
k
th
a
t
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
h
a
v
e
t
o
wa
r
d
s
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
r
ef
le
cti
n
g
th
e
ir
b
eli
ef
t
h
at
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
f
e
r
s
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,
f
le
x
i
b
i
l
ity
,
an
d
ef
f
i
cie
n
cy
i
n
t
h
e
ir
li
v
es.
T
h
o
s
e
wi
th
h
ig
h
o
p
ti
m
is
m
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
li
k
el
y
t
o
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
AI
o
T
as
a
b
e
n
e
f
ic
ial
ad
d
i
ti
o
n
t
o
t
h
ei
r
d
a
il
y
r
o
u
t
in
es,
v
i
ewi
n
g
it
as
a
m
ea
n
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
ei
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
li
v
es
;
ii
)
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
n
ess
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
te
n
d
e
n
c
y
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
to
b
e
p
i
o
n
e
er
s
o
r
ea
r
l
y
a
d
o
p
te
r
s
o
f
n
ew
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
Pe
o
p
le
s
co
r
i
n
g
h
ig
h
in
th
i
s
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
n
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
to
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
wit
h
a
n
d
i
n
te
g
r
a
te
AI
o
T
in
to
t
h
e
ir
l
iv
es,
o
f
te
n
s
er
v
i
n
g
as o
p
i
n
i
o
n
lea
d
er
s
w
h
o
in
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
t
h
er
s
i
n
th
e
ir
s
o
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
;
iii
)
d
i
s
co
m
f
o
r
t
r
e
f
le
cts
t
h
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
f
e
eli
n
g
s
t
h
at
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
ls
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
t
o
w
ar
d
s
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
a
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
b
ei
n
g
o
v
e
r
w
h
el
m
e
d
o
r
o
u
t
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
w
h
e
n
in
te
r
a
cti
n
g
w
ith
n
ew
d
e
v
ices
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
o
s
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
en
ci
n
g
d
is
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
m
ay
b
e
h
esit
an
t
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
A
I
o
T
,
f
e
ar
i
n
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
i
ty
o
r
p
o
te
n
ti
al
ch
all
en
g
es
ass
o
cia
te
d
w
it
h
it
s
u
s
e
;
a
n
d
iv
)
i
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
w
h
i
ch
p
e
r
tai
n
s
t
o
co
n
ce
r
n
s
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
a
r
ti
c
u
la
r
l
y
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
p
r
i
v
ac
y
,
s
e
cu
r
it
y
,
an
d
th
e
r
el
ia
b
il
it
y
o
f
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ic
al
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
wit
h
h
i
g
h
le
v
els
o
f
in
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
m
a
y
r
esis
t
A
I
o
T
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
d
u
e
t
o
f
e
ar
s
a
b
o
u
t
d
at
a
b
r
e
ac
h
es
,
m
is
u
s
e
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
o
r
t
h
e
in
a
b
i
lit
y
t
o
f
u
ll
y
tr
u
s
t
a
u
t
o
m
at
e
d
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
a
q
u
a
n
t
it
a
t
iv
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
s
o
cie
t
y
'
s
r
e
a
d
i
n
es
s
f
o
r
A
I
o
T
i
m
p
l
em
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
m
e
t
h
o
d
u
s
e
d
i
s
p
a
r
t
i
al
l
e
as
t
s
q
u
a
r
es
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
(
P
L
S
-
SE
M
)
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
le
x
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
v
a
r
iab
les
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
ased
o
n
co
n
ce
p
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
T
R
I
m
o
d
el
an
d
r
elate
d
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
AI
o
T
an
d
s
o
ciet
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
[
2
5
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
id
e
n
tifie
s
k
ey
v
ar
ia
b
les
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ts
th
em
with
in
a
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
m
o
d
el.
Data
was
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
u
r
v
ey
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
to
3
5
0
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
,
with
1
2
9
co
m
p
leted
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
co
v
er
i
n
g
to
p
ics
s
u
ch
as
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
ef
its
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
k
ills
,
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
d
ig
it
al
liter
ac
y
in
r
elatio
n
to
AI
o
T
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
T
h
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
we
n
t
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
q
u
ali
ty
,
in
clu
d
in
g
clea
n
in
g
,
v
ar
iab
le
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
h
a
n
d
lin
g
o
f
m
is
s
in
g
d
ata.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
1
2
9
m
ay
s
ee
m
s
m
all
f
o
r
b
r
o
ad
er
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
,
it
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
th
is
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
itial
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
E
x
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
wo
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
'
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
.
Su
m
ed
a
n
g
Dis
tr
ict
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
it
s
d
iv
er
s
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
m
ak
in
g
it
id
e
al
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
in
g
AI
o
T
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
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ict
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ig
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ac
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o
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atio
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h
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m
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k
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Su
m
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itab
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ess
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T
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ile
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ce
s
s
ib
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u
r
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f
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icien
t d
ata
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llectio
n
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h
e
T
R
I
q
u
esti
o
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n
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e
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d
esi
g
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iv
id
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als
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tio
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es to
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d
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ct
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r
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et
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
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t
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m
p
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iv
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ey
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im
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m
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ile
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atio
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ew
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ies
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atio
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h
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r
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ata
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ar
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iv
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er
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al'
s
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ess
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r
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ess
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eg
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s
with
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
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n
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ts
r
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ess
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o
r
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T
im
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tatio
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ased
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w,
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e
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o
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el,
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o
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u
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eth
o
d
s
an
d
th
e
PLS
-
SEM
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
o
u
tlin
es
h
o
w
th
e
r
esear
ch
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ts
o
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ed
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A
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icall
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m
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ity
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Su
m
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elo
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ed
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ased
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el
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
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esti
o
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air
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er
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o
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Sm
ar
tPLS
3
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allo
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ip
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p
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s
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in
ess
f
o
r
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T
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
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lts
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ata
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aly
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iled
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ich
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lts
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im
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s
.
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4.
RE
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S AN
D
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h
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r
esp
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'
wo
r
k
ex
p
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T
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eg
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r
d
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s
e,
5
0
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f
r
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p
ab
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wh
ile
4
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with
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7
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f
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ex
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ce
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Par
ticip
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in
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ain
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t
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p
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e;
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f
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il
e
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ly
,
6
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p
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ter
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f
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r
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ile
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p
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ile
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ex
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ter
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r
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ess
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d
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ab
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tech
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n
ter
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r
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ly
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e
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r
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ess
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g
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ter
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n
s
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cy
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with
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m
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s
ite
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(
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R
)
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e
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ld
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7
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as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
,
alth
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
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p
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ato
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y
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0
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6
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d
0
.
7
0
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e
o
f
te
n
co
n
s
id
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e
d
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p
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le,
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te
r
m
s
o
f
in
s
t
atis
tical
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d
s
o
cial
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r
e.
I
n
ad
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itio
n
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o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a,
o
th
er
m
e
tr
ics
s
u
ch
as
C
R
an
d
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er
a
g
e
v
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ian
ce
e
x
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
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also
ass
i
s
t
in
ev
alu
atin
g
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n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
PLS
-
SEM
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
CR
f
o
r
all
r
ef
lectiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
wh
ich
ex
ce
ed
s
0
.
7
0
8
,
in
d
icati
n
g
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
in
te
r
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
r
eliab
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y
.
T
h
is
s
tr
o
n
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
th
at
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
ei
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts,
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r
o
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id
in
g
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
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aly
s
is
.
T
ab
le
2
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
d
icato
r
s
—
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NV2
,
I
SC
3
,
OPT1
,
an
d
R
2
—
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at
h
av
e
o
u
ter
l
o
ad
in
g
s
b
elo
w
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
7
.
As
a
r
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lt,
th
ese
in
d
ica
to
r
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
el
to
en
h
an
c
e
o
v
er
all
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
r
em
o
v
al
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
an
aly
ze
d
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
its
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f
ec
t
o
n
AV
E
an
d
CR
.
I
f
th
e
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
th
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in
d
icato
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s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
th
ey
wo
u
ld
b
e
p
e
r
m
an
en
tly
e
x
clu
d
ed
;
c
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
if
n
o
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
t
h
e
in
d
icato
r
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
etain
ed
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
es
in
T
ab
le
3
,
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
CR
f
o
r
all
r
ef
lecti
v
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
till
ex
ce
ed
s
0
.
7
0
8
af
ter
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
in
d
icat
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
s
th
at
elim
in
atin
g
I
NV2
,
I
SC
3
,
OPT1
,
an
d
R
2
h
as
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el.
T
ab
le
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
all
r
em
ain
in
g
r
ef
lectiv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
n
o
w
h
a
v
e
o
u
ter
lo
a
d
in
g
s
ab
o
v
e
th
e
0
.
7
0
8
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
o
m
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
ies
h
av
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
u
r
th
er
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
o
t
h
CR
an
d
AVE
a
f
ter
r
em
o
v
in
g
in
d
icato
r
s
I
NV2
,
I
SC
3
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,
an
d
R
2
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
is
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
e
r
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an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts with
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el,
u
ltima
tely
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
f
in
d
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(
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b
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e
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l
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d
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14
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2596
T
ab
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5
clea
r
ly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
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o
u
ter
l
o
ad
in
g
s
o
f
th
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r
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f
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tr
u
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s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
ei
r
cr
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s
s
-
lo
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in
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with
o
th
er
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts,
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
6
:
t
h
e
c
r
o
s
s
lo
ad
in
g
s
af
ter
in
d
icato
r
d
eleti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
in
d
ica
tes
th
at
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
i
ts
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
r
eliab
ili
ty
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
t
h
is
ev
id
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ce
,
T
ab
le
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
elate
d
to
th
e
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ar
ck
er
cr
iter
io
n
,
wh
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s
tates th
at
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t o
f
th
e
AVE
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
ce
e
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
o
th
er
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
cts.
T
h
is
cr
iter
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n
is
cr
u
c
ial
f
o
r
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
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in
th
e
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el.
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n
th
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s
e,
it
i
s
o
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er
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at
th
e
s
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o
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n
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ct
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n
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e
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r
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f
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ir
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at
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ch
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n
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tr
u
ct
is
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o
r
e
clo
s
ely
r
elate
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r
s
th
an
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s
e
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o
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n
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Ad
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ally
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e
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is
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e
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al
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o
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in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
v
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ian
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
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t
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r
(
VI
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v
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es
f
o
r
e
ac
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p
r
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n
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ct
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i
g
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an
0
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n
5
.
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ld
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r
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e
r
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s
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e
n
ec
ess
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r
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th
e
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r
cr
ea
te
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ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
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n
s
tr
u
cts
to
m
itig
ate
p
o
te
n
tial
co
llin
ea
r
ity
is
s
u
es.
T
ab
le
8
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
b
y
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
e
in
n
er
VI
F
v
a
lu
es
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
—
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
o
p
tim
is
m
,
an
d
r
ea
d
in
ess
—
ar
e
all
b
elo
w
5
an
d
ab
o
v
e
0
.
2
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
in
d
icate
s
th
at
co
llin
ea
r
ity
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
is
n
o
t
a
co
n
ce
r
n
,
t
h
er
eb
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
alid
atin
g
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
tab
les
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
p
ellin
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t a
n
aly
s
es.
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
f
ir
t c
r
o
s
s
lo
ad
in
g
D
C
F
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N
V
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C
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9
0
1
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
lo
ad
in
g
s
af
ter
in
d
icato
r
d
eletio
n
s
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V
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T
ab
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.
Fo
r
n
ell
L
ar
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er
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s
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r
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a
b
l
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t
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n
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0
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6
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n
sec
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ab
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.
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n
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r
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R
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a
d
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ss
T
ab
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9
p
r
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th
e
m
eth
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lo
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s
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f
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r
ass
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n
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ap
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m
a
r
y
,
w
h
i
l
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i
n
n
o
v
a
t
io
n
,
s
e
cu
r
i
ty
,
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n
d
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m
i
s
m
d
r
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s
o
c
i
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t
a
l
r
ea
d
in
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s
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t
eg
r
a
t
in
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o
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a
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n
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cu
l
t
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p
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a
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er
s
t
a
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d
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o
f
A
I
o
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a
d
o
p
t
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.
R
e
c
o
g
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z
i
n
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d
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v
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t
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ch
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ch
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a
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y
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f
o
s
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er
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t
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ie
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h
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ap
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c
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c
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
o
ciety
'
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
.
T
h
r
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g
h
F2
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aly
s
is
,
th
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co
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tr
ib
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tio
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f
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icate
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at
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n
o
v
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f
ac
to
r
s
s
ig
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if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
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f
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AI
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T
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with
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o
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b
ein
g
th
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p
r
im
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d
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p
r
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g
s
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ac
e
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ap
id
te
ch
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o
lo
g
ical
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
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o
n
v
er
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ely
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t
h
e
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
f
ac
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im
p
ac
t,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
co
m
f
o
r
t
in
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
AI
o
T
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
.
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h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
o
p
tim
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m
h
av
e
a
m
o
d
er
ate
in
f
lu
e
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ce
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n
s
o
cieta
l
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ess
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h
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d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
o
p
tim
is
m
in
s
tim
u
latin
g
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
c
o
n
clu
s
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o
m
m
en
d
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ca
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a
d
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r
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m
e
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t:
i
)
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
c
r
u
cial
in
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
s
o
ciety
f
o
r
th
e
AI
o
T
er
a.
De
v
elo
p
in
g
ac
tiv
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
e
d
u
c
atio
n
ca
n
h
elp
t
h
e
pu
b
lic
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
o
T
an
d
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
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ca
n
b
r
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g
,
ii
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r
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r
en
ess
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
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f
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ata
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f
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ter
in
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o
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is
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to
wa
r
d
AI
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tech
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o
lo
g
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el
p
s
o
ciety
f
ee
l
m
o
r
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co
n
f
id
en
t
an
d
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
f
o
r
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
an
g
e.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
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an
d
AI
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T
b
en
ef
its
ca
n
h
elp
ad
d
r
ess
co
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ce
r
n
s
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d
en
h
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ce
r
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d
i
n
ess
,
an
d
iii
)
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
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th
er
f
ac
to
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s
th
at
m
a
y
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f
lu
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s
o
cieta
l
r
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d
i
n
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f
o
r
AI
o
T
,
s
u
ch
as
cu
ltu
r
al
asp
e
c
ts
,
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
.
F
UNDING
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NF
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M
A
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Au
th
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AUTHO
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h
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8
9
3
8
A
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s
:
s
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ciety
r
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(
Dw
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r
to
)
2599
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
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av
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RE
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NC
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[
1
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J.
Zh
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.
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M
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7
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