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1.
I
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I
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d
u
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m
o
to
r
s
(
I
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f
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th
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p
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d
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ap
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s
o
win
g
to
th
eir
r
elia
b
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d
ef
f
icien
c
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.
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h
ese
m
o
to
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s
co
n
s
titu
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ar
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6
7
%
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t
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s
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g
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d
em
an
d
in
t
h
ese
m
o
to
r
s
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
W
ith
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
s
till
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
s
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ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
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o
r
elec
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en
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r
atio
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o
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tim
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o
f
m
o
to
r
l
o
s
s
es
h
as
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as
a
k
ey
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f
o
cu
s
.
I
Ms
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
tr
aig
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tf
o
r
war
d
s
tr
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r
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th
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o
r
m
a
n
ce
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s
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s
is
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t,
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s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
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ea
s
y
to
o
p
er
ate
an
d
m
ain
tain
,
an
d
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
icien
t
[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
ef
f
icien
cy
ev
en
f
u
r
th
er
,
it is
im
p
er
ativ
e
t
o
ac
c
u
r
ately
p
r
ed
ict
t
h
eir
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
wh
ich
will a
llo
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
d
esig
n
s
.
E
f
f
icien
cy
is
a
cr
itical
co
n
ce
r
n
—
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ar
o
u
n
d
6
9
%
o
f
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
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n
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n
th
e
in
d
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s
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ec
to
r
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n
d
ar
o
u
n
d
3
6
%
in
th
e
s
er
v
ice
s
ec
to
r
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
lo
s
s
es
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
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o
to
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s
(
I
Ms)
co
n
s
is
ts
at
s
ta
to
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
,
co
r
e
lo
s
s
as
well
as
f
r
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n
a
n
d
win
d
ag
e
lo
s
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
en
er
g
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h
as
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ec
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e
m
o
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n
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m
o
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e
em
p
h
asis
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an
ev
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le
ar
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ed
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g
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ig
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-
ef
f
icien
cy
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es
an
d
ap
p
lian
ce
s
[
3
]
.
No
w,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
es
u
lt,
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
will
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
r
ad
itio
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al
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
esti
m
atin
g
ir
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ay
n
o
lo
n
g
er
s
u
f
f
i
ce
to
m
ee
t
to
d
a
y
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
d
e
m
an
d
s
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
t
o
r
u
s
in
g
…
(
C
h
itti
milla
S
h
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
R
ed
d
y
)
641
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
ail
to
ac
cu
r
ately
co
n
v
ey
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es.
T
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
r
o
tatio
n
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d
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atin
g
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
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s
o
t
h
at
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
esti
m
ated
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
ely
[
5
]
.
I
ts
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
r
e
q
u
ir
es
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
to
tak
e
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
(
2
D)
m
ag
n
etic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
to
tr
u
ly
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
in
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wr
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ab
o
u
t,
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
t
ies
in
elec
tr
ical
s
teels
at
th
e
tim
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
p
r
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ce
s
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
o
f
a
r
,
as
s
tato
r
c
o
r
e
s
h
ap
es
ar
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
ed
,
th
eir
u
s
e
is
lim
ited
[
6
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
d
ee
d
co
v
er
ed
t
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
n
s
tater
p
o
les
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
as
f
ar
b
ac
k
as
th
e
1
9
5
0
s
,
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
r
em
ain
e
d
ir
r
elev
an
t
[
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
n
ewly
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
r
e
lo
s
s
ev
alu
atio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
liter
atu
r
e,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
in
n
er
co
r
e
ex
citatio
n
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
ex
citatio
n
m
eth
o
d
[
8
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
m
at
er
ial
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
p
er
ties
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
an
d
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es
o
n
s
ilico
n
s
teel
s
h
ee
t c
o
r
es b
ein
g
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
th
an
wo
r
k
ed
o
u
t y
et.
W
ith
o
u
t in
-
d
ep
th
r
esear
ch
,
h
o
w
ca
n
o
n
e
b
e
s
u
r
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
b
est
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ield
[
9
]
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
lo
s
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
ar
e
v
er
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
s
ilico
n
s
teel
s
h
ee
ts
.
E
lectr
ical
m
ac
h
in
e
d
esig
n
er
s
will
o
f
ten
f
in
d
th
at
in
co
m
p
lete
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
o
f
lo
s
s
es will r
e
s
u
lt in
s
im
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
f
ailin
g
to
m
ee
t th
eir
d
esire
d
lev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
1
0
]
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
attem
p
ted
to
p
r
ed
ict
ir
o
n
co
r
e
lo
s
s
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
with
s
m
al
l
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
eith
er
o
n
th
e
co
r
e
-
lo
s
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
r
o
n
d
er
iv
in
g
co
r
e
-
lo
s
s
f
o
r
m
u
las
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
p
r
o
jects
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
m
all
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
u
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
cu
r
a
te
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
an
d
th
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
b
est
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
c
o
r
e
m
ater
ial,
o
r
i
g
in
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
m
ea
n
s
m
u
s
t b
e
f
o
u
n
d
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it is
cr
itical
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
d
esig
n
[
1
3
]
.
2.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
th
e
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
te
d
elec
tr
ical
s
teel
wh
ich
is
m
o
s
t
s
u
ita
b
le
as
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
tato
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
co
r
e
l
o
s
s
es
ar
e
esti
m
ated
b
y
n
u
m
er
ical
an
aly
s
is
b
ased
o
n
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
r
e
l
o
s
s
es
wil
l
b
e
test
ed
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
u
s
in
g
a
test
f
r
am
e,
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
r
esu
lts
with
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
r
ate
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
o
f
en
g
i
n
es a
s
o
p
p
o
s
ed
t
o
th
o
s
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
.
3.
CO
RE
L
O
S
S E
Q
UA
T
I
O
N
AND
CO
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
NT
S
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
lo
s
s
m
o
d
els
h
as
r
ec
e
iv
ed
f
a
r
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
th
an
in
th
e
p
ast
b
ec
au
s
e
ex
is
tin
g
o
n
es
h
a
v
e
ch
an
g
ed
o
u
t
o
f
all
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
in
s
ilic
o
n
s
teel
lam
in
atio
n
s
m
ay
b
e
esti
m
ated
with
h
ig
h
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
th
is
is
d
ec
id
ed
ly
n
o
t
th
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
r
y
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
d
ev
iatio
n
is
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
r
o
tatin
g
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
ity
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
an
d
u
n
ev
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
lu
x
with
in
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
c
o
r
e.
W
h
ile
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
m
ak
e
ca
lcu
lat
in
g
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt th
a
n
with
s
ilico
n
s
teel
lam
in
atio
n
s
,
th
is
is
ea
s
ily
p
lag
u
ed
.
C
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es m
ain
ly
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
c
o
r
es o
f
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
ese
lo
s
s
es c
an
b
e
m
o
d
eled
u
s
in
g
em
p
i
r
ical
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
d
ata.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Stein
m
etz
eq
u
atio
n
,
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
q
u
ick
ly
esti
m
ated
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
s
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
co
r
e
to
tal
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
g
iv
en
i
n
(
1
)
an
d
th
e
y
co
m
p
r
is
e
two
m
ain
elem
en
ts
:
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
e
s
(
Ph
)
an
d
e
d
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es
(
Pe)
.
T
h
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
d
o
m
ain
walls
with
in
th
e
co
r
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
es
en
er
g
y
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
es.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
ch
an
g
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
in
d
u
ce
s
cir
c
u
latio
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
in
t
h
e
co
r
e,
w
h
ich
r
esu
lts
in
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
two
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
in
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es.
=
ℎ
+
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
P
c
is
t
h
e
to
tal
co
r
e
lo
s
s
,
P
h
is
t
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
,
an
d
P
e
is
t
h
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
Ma
x
w
ell's
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
as sh
o
wn
in
(
2
)
.
=
.
2
.
2
6
.
.
2
.
2
(
2)
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ex
p
lain
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
ar
e
d
e
f
i
n
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
σ
is
th
e
v
o
lu
m
etr
ic
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
d
is
th
e
s
teel
lam
in
atio
n
th
ick
n
ess
,
ρ
is
th
e
m
ass
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
s
teel
lam
in
atio
n
,
f
is
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e’
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
a
n
d
B
m
is
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
[
1
7
]
.
E
d
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es,
in
ter
ef
e
r
e
with
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
f
l
u
x
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
u
lts
in
a
m
is
m
atch
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
t
o
r
q
u
e;
h
en
ce
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
af
f
ec
t
ed
n
eg
ativ
el
y
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
lo
s
s
es
in
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
way
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
n
ee
d
e
d
co
m
es
in
to
f
o
cu
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
4
0
-
646
642
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
th
at
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
f
o
r
in
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
,
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
s
h
o
u
ld
al
s
o
b
e
c
o
m
p
en
s
ated
f
o
r
in
r
o
t
o
r
to
r
q
u
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
W
ith
p
r
o
p
er
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
r
o
to
r
f
lu
x
an
d
r
o
to
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
,
an
d
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
o
u
t
p
u
t c
an
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
=
ℎ
+
+
(
3
)
=
ℎ
(
)
2
+
(
)
2
+
(
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
k
h
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
,
k
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
lo
s
s
,
an
d
k
ex
d
en
o
tes
ex
ce
s
s
lo
s
s
.
In
(
4
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ewr
itten
as (
5
)
[
1
9
]
.
=
1
2
+
2
1
.
5
(
5
)
T
h
e
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
ca
n
b
e
c
o
m
b
in
ed
o
r
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
as
(
6
)
.
1
=
ℎ
+
2
an
d
2
=
1
.
5
(
6
)
T
h
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t lo
s
s
co
ef
f
ici
en
t c
an
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
.
=
2
2
6
(
7
)
T
h
e
v
alu
es o
f
K
1
an
d
K
2
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
m
i
n
im
izin
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
d
r
atic
f
o
r
m
p
r
esen
ted
in
(
8
)
.
(
1
,
2
)
=
[
−
(
1
2
+
2
1
.
5
)
]
2
=
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
W
ci
an
d
B
mi
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
i
-
th
p
o
in
t
o
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
lo
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
cu
r
v
e
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
two
lo
s
s
co
ef
f
icien
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws:
ℎ
=
1
−
0
2
0
an
d
=
2
0
1
.
5
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
lo
s
s
cu
r
v
e,
"f
0
"
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
test
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
"Kh
"
an
d
"Ke
x
"
ar
e
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
esti
m
ated
b
y
cu
r
v
e
f
itti
n
g
o
n
th
e
co
r
e
lo
s
s
co
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
co
r
e
lo
s
s
is
in
W
/k
g
at
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
o
f
1
.
2
T
esla,
th
e
m
ater
ial
d
en
s
ity
is
in
k
g
/m
³
,
an
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
lo
o
k
in
g
ab
s
o
lu
te
p
e
r
m
ea
b
ilit
y
is
f
o
r
th
r
ee
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
elec
tr
ical
s
teel
g
r
ad
es o
f
eq
u
al
t
h
ick
n
ess
at
5
0
H
z
.
T
h
e
B
-
H
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
th
r
ee
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
elec
tr
ical
s
teel
g
r
ad
es,
D
I
-
MA
X
-
M
-
1
5
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
1
9
,
an
d
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
3
6
,
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
to
3
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
in
te
n
s
ities
at
wh
ich
th
e
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
ac
h
iev
es
1
.
2
T
ar
e
1
3
5
A/m
,
1
3
7
A/m
,
an
d
1
5
0
A/m
f
o
r
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
1
5
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
1
9
,
an
d
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
3
6
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
1
5
h
as
th
e
lo
west
f
ield
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
am
o
n
g
th
ese
g
r
ad
es,
s
o
it
is
m
o
r
e
p
er
m
ea
b
le.
T
h
ese
d
is
cr
ep
a
n
ci
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
m
ater
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
n
m
a
g
n
etic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
wh
e
n
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
th
e
m
ater
ial
q
u
ality
f
o
r
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
d
ev
ice
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
d
icate
s
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
it
is
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
g
r
ad
es
o
f
s
teels
i
n
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
t
o
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
eti
c
d
ev
ices.
Ma
ter
ial
o
p
tim
izatio
n
e
n
ab
les
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
t
h
e
l
o
s
s
es
an
d
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
an
d
m
a
g
n
etic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
2
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
s
teel,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
5
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
lo
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel
g
r
ad
es
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
5
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
9
,
an
d
DI
-
MA
X
-
M3
6
wit
h
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
3
6
m
m
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
es
5
an
d
6
.
W
h
en
co
r
e
l
o
s
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
W
/k
g
,
is
p
lo
tted
a
g
ain
s
t m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
in
T
,
th
e
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
v
alu
es in
cr
e
ase
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tially
as
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
1
5
h
as
th
e
b
est
co
r
e
lo
s
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
all
lev
els
o
f
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
ity
,
wh
ile
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
9
a
n
d
DI
-
MA
X
-
M3
6
f
o
l
lo
w.
T
h
ese
i
n
d
icate
c
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
es
ar
e
v
e
r
y
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
,
in
d
icatin
g
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
is
v
er
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
ater
ials
[
2
2
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
ce
s
in
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
ch
o
o
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
g
r
ad
e
o
f
s
teel
to
m
ai
n
tain
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
l
o
s
s
m
in
im
izatio
n
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
d
e
v
ices
th
at
wo
r
k
with
alter
n
atin
g
a
n
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
a
n
g
ed
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ities
.
T
h
is
also
h
elp
s
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
e
liab
ilit
y
in
s
y
s
tem
s
elec
tr
ical
a
n
d
m
ag
n
etic
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
t
o
r
u
s
in
g
…
(
C
h
itti
milla
S
h
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
R
ed
d
y
)
643
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
-
H
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
15
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
-
H
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel
,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
19
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
-
H
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M
-
36
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
5
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M1
9
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
0
.
3
6
m
m
non
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
teel,
DI
-
MA
X
-
M3
6
T
ab
le
1
.
Pro
p
er
ties
o
f
co
r
e
m
a
g
n
etic
m
ater
ials
u
tili
ze
d
Ty
p
e
o
f
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
Th
i
c
k
n
e
ss
(
mm
)
C
o
r
e
l
e
ss
(
W
/
k
g)
@
1
.
2
T
D
e
n
si
t
y
(
k
g
/
m
3
)
M
a
x
.
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
me
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
DI
-
M
A
X
-
M
-
15
0
.
3
6
1
.
8
3
7
6
5
0
7
0
7
7
.
1
4
DI
-
M
A
X
-
M
-
19
0
.
3
6
1
.
8
9
7
6
5
0
6
9
7
3
.
8
2
DI
-
M
A
X
-
M
-
36
0
.
3
6
2
.
2
7
7
0
0
6
3
6
9
.
4
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
4
0
-
646
644
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
is
to
em
p
h
asiz
e
th
r
ee
n
o
n
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
elec
tr
ica
l
s
teels
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
co
r
es
an
d
,
a
n
alo
g
o
u
s
ly
,
t
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
its
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
a
p
r
o
p
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
m
ater
ial.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
u
m
e
r
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
is
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
FEM
b
y
o
b
tain
in
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
o
d
el
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
ANSOFT
Ma
x
well
2
D
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
im
u
late
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
5
HP
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
l
v
es
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
Ma
x
well'
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
all
elem
en
ts
at
ea
ch
tim
e
s
tep
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
ity
v
alu
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
later
u
s
ed
in
f
u
r
th
er
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
f
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es.
Sin
ce
2
D
tim
e
-
s
tep
p
in
g
FEM
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
tim
e
s
tep
s
an
d
im
m
en
s
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
ca
lc
u
latio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
is
h
ig
h
ly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
m
esh
q
u
ality
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
c
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
es
ar
e
cr
itical
at
th
e
v
icin
ity
o
f
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
p
o
le
co
r
n
er
s
.
T
h
ese
m
ay
b
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
with
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
p
ea
k
f
lu
x
lev
el
an
d
L
T
I
o
f
f
lu
x
o
r
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
S
.
C
h
e
n
a
n
d
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.
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.
Ts
a
i
,
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m
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o
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Ap
p
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0
.
[
2
]
P
.
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u
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Ph
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s:
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[
3
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B
.
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.
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[
5
]
P
.
B
a
n
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l
,
E.
V
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a
n
d
O
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“
A
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[
6
]
A
.
S
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K
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i
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o
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P
h
y
s
i
c
s:
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[
7
]
A
.
B
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,
P
.
F
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lai
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g
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in
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rters
,
with
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tern
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s.
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h
e
c
a
n
b
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tac
ted
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m
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il
:
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z
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d
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il
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o
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a
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h
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re
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m
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s
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is
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ste
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re
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ra
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m
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is
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u
rre
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tl
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rv
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g
a
s
a
n
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iate
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ro
fe
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n
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h
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p
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rtme
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t
o
f
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tri
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l
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tro
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g
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n
d
a
s
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a
n
o
f
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t
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d
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n
t
Affa
irs
a
t
J.B.
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
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n
g
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n
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rin
g
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n
d
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h
n
o
l
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g
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d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
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n
d
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th
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
p
u
b
li
c
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ti
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s
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n
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o
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h
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ti
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d
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tern
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ti
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o
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r
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ls,
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is
re
se
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rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
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d
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ss
m
o
d
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m
a
g
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ti
c
m
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teria
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n
d
th
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it
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tan
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m
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s.
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c
a
n
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n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
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:
j.
k
a
rti
g
e
y
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n
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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