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tern
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C
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1.
I
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talled
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s
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a
ll
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s
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
ch
al
len
g
e
is
p
ar
tic
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lar
l
y
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ev
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w
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lo
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g
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[
3
]
.
C
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m
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in
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w
it
h
a
h
y
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r
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(
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.
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s
to
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atter
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[
4
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,
[
5
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.
T
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.
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(
E
SMS)
m
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s
t b
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m
p
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ed
[
6
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,
[
7
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.
Sin
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eq
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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B
a
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to
ex
te
n
d
its
li
f
esp
a
n
f
r
o
m
an
e
n
er
g
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
it
co
n
clu
d
ed
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
tab
le
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
An
o
th
er
s
t
u
d
y
r
elied
o
n
p
r
ed
ictin
g
th
e
b
atter
y
li
f
e
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
test
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
'
B
ea
ch
W
ater
Qu
a
lit
y
–
Au
t
o
m
a
ted
Se
n
s
o
r
s
'
d
ata
s
et,
w
h
i
ch
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
i
n
a
n
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
C
h
ica
g
o
,
US
A
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
a
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
9
7
%
i
n
p
r
ed
ictin
g
t
h
e
b
atte
r
y
li
f
e
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
a
p
latf
o
r
m
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
e
s
s
e
n
s
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
w
ir
e
les
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
I
o
T
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
t
in
cl
u
d
es
a
n
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
i
t
(
IC
)
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
l
y
ef
f
i
cien
t
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
in
g
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
p
lat
f
o
r
m
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ates
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
p
tio
n
s
a
n
d
in
te
g
r
ates
a
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
An
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
u
tili
z
in
g
a
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
lear
n
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
o
u
tli
n
ed
i
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
E
SMS
f
u
l
f
ill
s
s
ev
er
al
s
tr
i
n
g
e
n
t
cr
i
ter
ia,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
s
el
f
-
s
u
f
f
icie
n
c
y
in
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
an
d
d
ata
b
ac
k
u
p
to
h
an
d
le
u
n
ex
p
ec
ted
f
ailu
r
e
s
.
E
n
er
g
y
is
co
llected
v
ia
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
a
n
d
s
to
r
ed
in
s
u
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
a
p
p
lied
to
a
p
h
y
s
ica
l
E
SMS
d
ev
ice
an
d
te
s
ted
in
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
g
a
th
er
p
r
ac
tical
d
ata.
A
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
m
u
lt
ip
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
o
p
tim
ize
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
b
atter
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
lif
e
s
p
an
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
ex
a
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
telec
o
m
s
ite
b
ac
k
u
p
s
an
d
ev
al
u
ate
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
n
b
atter
y
li
f
e,
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
b
atter
y
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
,
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
o
d
el,
s
u
c
h
as
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
L
ST
M)
an
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
B
P
NN)
,
ar
e
u
ti
lized
to
p
r
ed
ic
t
s
o
lar
p
lan
t
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
r
es
u
lts
clo
s
el
y
ali
g
n
ed
w
it
h
ac
tu
al
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Dh
ak
ed
an
d
B
ir
la
[
1
7
]
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
a
s
o
lar
-
t
h
er
m
al
d
is
h
-
Sti
r
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
b
atter
y
s
t
o
r
ag
e
in
a
n
i
s
lan
d
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
,
in
te
g
r
atin
g
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
to
m
an
a
g
e
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ac
h
ie
v
es
3
0
%
e
f
f
icien
c
y
,
r
eliab
l
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
s
tead
y
-
s
ta
te
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
i
le
th
e
b
atter
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
lo
ad
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
ie
n
t p
er
io
d
s
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
b
atter
ies
to
s
to
r
e
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
r
ain
f
lo
w
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
is
u
s
ed
to
e
s
ti
m
ate
b
atter
y
l
if
e,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
tate
o
f
a
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
b
as
ed
o
n
av
a
ilab
le
en
er
g
y
,
b
atter
y
s
ta
tu
s
,
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
ap
ac
it
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
elp
s
ad
ap
t
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
to
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
ex
ten
d
t
h
e
b
atter
y
li
f
esp
a
n
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etailed
d
es
cr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
llo
w
ed
i
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
j
u
s
t
if
icat
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
ch
o
s
e
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
o
u
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
co
n
clu
d
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DS
A
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ch
a
llen
g
e
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
s
e
E
SMS
i
s
b
atter
y
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
e
to
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
h
i
g
h
cu
r
r
en
t
d
e
m
a
n
d
[
9
]
.
Hig
h
ch
a
r
g
e/d
is
ch
ar
g
e
r
ates
ar
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
y
p
es
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
atter
ie
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
o
u
r
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
w
ir
e
l
ess
n
o
d
es
o
f
an
I
o
T
b
ased
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
ass
u
m
i
n
g
th
eir
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
ar
e
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
a
n
e
n
er
g
y
r
ec
o
v
er
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
llected
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
s
to
r
ed
eith
er
i
n
t
h
e
b
atter
y
o
r
i
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
i
a
a
p
r
e
-
in
s
talled
(
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
)
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
with
i
n
li
m
ited
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
a
ls
,
w
it
h
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
v
er
e
q
u
al
ti
m
e
d
u
r
atio
n
s
,
ca
lled
ti
m
e
-
s
lo
t
a
n
d
d
en
o
ted
as
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
ar
r
i
v
e
p
er
io
d
icall
y
a
n
d
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ti
m
e
-
s
lo
t
.
A
g
e
n
er
ated
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
i
s
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
u
n
le
s
s
d
ee
m
ed
u
n
n
ec
ess
a
r
y
(
e.
g
.
,
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
)
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
ch
a
n
n
el
r
e
m
ai
n
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
ea
ch
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
er
io
d
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
i
s
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
ith
a
n
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
h
ar
v
ested
e
n
er
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
in
eit
h
er
th
e
b
atter
y
o
r
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
p
er
io
d
,
b
y
a
p
o
w
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
le
v
e
ls
s
to
r
ed
in
b
o
th
d
ev
ice
s
(
b
atter
y
/cap
ac
ito
r
)
.
T
h
e
E
SMS
s
elec
t
s
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it,
eith
er
th
e
b
atter
y
o
r
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
ea
ch
u
n
it.
C
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
ar
e
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
en
e
r
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
P
MS)
to
ad
ap
t
th
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
r
elate
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
it
s
d
u
r
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
s
(
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
ca
p
tu
r
ed
d
ata)
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
ester
o
f
te
n
ex
h
ib
its
u
n
s
tab
le
v
o
lta
g
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
p
o
w
er
lev
els
t
h
at
ar
e
n
o
t
d
ir
e
ctl
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
60
0
-
61
2
602
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
ter
m
i
t
ten
t
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
s
ca
v
e
n
g
ed
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
cir
cu
it
m
u
s
t
d
etec
t
th
e
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
p
o
w
er
l
e
v
el
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tiall
y
s
w
itc
h
t
o
an
id
le
s
tate
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
i
s
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t (
i.e
.
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t c
ir
cu
it e
x
ce
ed
s
t
h
e
s
ca
v
e
n
g
ed
p
o
w
er
)
.
2
.
1
.
E
nerg
y
ha
r
v
esting
T
h
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
c
a
n
b
e
h
ar
v
ested
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
ex
t
er
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
h
a
r
v
es
t
-
s
to
r
e
-
u
s
e
an
d
h
ar
v
e
s
t
-
u
s
e
[
1
9
].
T
h
e
h
ar
v
ested
en
er
g
y
i
s
d
en
o
te
d
as
.
Sin
ce
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
d
i
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
in
n
at
u
r
e,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
m
u
s
t
i
n
clu
d
e
a
P
MS
an
d
a
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
s
ca
v
e
n
g
ed
en
er
g
y
.
So
,
a
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
en
er
g
y
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
m
a
k
e
it
co
m
p
atib
le
a
n
d
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
u
s
e.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
a
tr
an
s
d
u
ce
r
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
ad
ap
t
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
en
er
g
y
to
t
h
e
u
s
u
al
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
;
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
tr
an
s
d
u
ce
r
s
ar
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
i
n
[
20
]
,
[
21
]
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
o
f
a
t
y
p
ical
m
o
b
ile
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
es
tin
g
i
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
is
s
ca
v
en
g
ed
b
y
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
tr
an
s
d
u
ce
r
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
it c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
f
o
r
m
to
p
o
w
er
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Sto
r
ag
e
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t s
y
s
te
m
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
2
.
2
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
f
e
a
t
ures a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
t
h
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
b
atter
y
is
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
it
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
d
ail
y
li
f
e,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
k
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
it
ical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
a
n
y
I
o
T
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
is
t
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
b
atter
ies.
T
h
at
i
s
w
h
y
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t b
atter
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
ar
t d
ev
ice
is
a
c
h
alle
n
g
in
g
ta
s
k
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
a
m
e
te
r
s
[
22
]
.
A
ls
o
,
b
atter
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
e
ts
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
t
w
o
s
id
es,
p
h
y
s
ica
l
an
d
ch
e
m
ical.
Ge
n
er
all
y
,
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
li
f
e
f
o
r
b
atter
ies
i
s
d
e
f
in
ed
as
8
0
%
o
f
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
i.e
.
,
th
e
b
atter
y
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
d
ea
d
w
h
e
n
it
l
o
s
es
8
0
%
o
f
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
ca
p
ac
it
y
)
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
b
atter
ies
f
ad
es
m
ai
n
l
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
tr
ess
f
ac
to
r
s
[
23
]
,
as
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cle
s
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
th
e
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
(
So
C
)
s
w
i
n
g
,
th
e
C
-
r
ate,
th
e
w
aiti
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
,
an
d
th
e
So
C
in
w
aiti
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
b
atter
ies
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
ai
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
So
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
B
a
tter
y
cy
cle
life a
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
w
ir
eless
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
ystem
… (
Oma
r
E
n
a
s
s
ir
i
)
603
an
d
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
y
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
atter
y
at
t
h
e
r
ated
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
i
n
(
1
)
.
=
.
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
k
is
th
e
P
eu
k
er
t
ex
p
o
n
en
t
(
t
y
p
icall
y
k
ϵ
{1
.
0
,
1
.
3
}
as
s
tated
in
[
24
]
,
is
th
e
c
ap
ac
ity
,
is
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t
,
an
d
is
th
e
ti
m
e
at
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
So
C
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
av
ai
lab
le
f
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
e.
I
t c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as (
2
)
.
=
0
(
2
)
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
am
p
er
e
-
h
o
u
r
s
(
Ah
)
,
0
is
th
e
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
is
en
er
g
y
o
f
b
atter
y
.
An
o
t
h
er
p
ar
a
m
eter
t
h
at
i
s
also
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
is
th
e
d
ep
th
o
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Do
D)
.
I
t
is
d
e
f
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
t
h
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
c
h
ar
g
ed
.
=
.
−
.
(
3
)
T
h
e
So
C
a
n
d
Do
D
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
a
f
f
ec
t
b
atter
y
l
if
e,
alo
n
g
w
i
th
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
s
l
ik
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
So
C
a
n
d
Do
D
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
ac
to
r
s
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
ca
len
d
ar
an
d
c
y
cle
ag
in
g
o
f
b
atter
ies.
C
alen
d
ar
ag
i
n
g
r
elate
s
to
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
v
er
ti
m
e,
w
h
il
e
cy
c
le
ag
i
n
g
i
s
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
d
ep
th
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
-
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
c
y
cle
s
[
25
]
.
B
o
th
ty
p
es
o
f
ag
i
n
g
ar
e
i
n
ter
r
elate
d
an
d
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
b
atter
y
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
.
I
n
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
i
v
e
th
e
b
atter
ie
s
lo
s
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
v
er
ti
m
e
a
n
d
u
s
e
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ad
e
f
o
r
ca
len
d
ar
an
d
c
y
cle
a
g
in
g
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
is
g
iv
e
n
as
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
.
.
(
,
)
=
×
×
×
(
4
)
.
(
,
)
=
×
×
×
(
5
)
Th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
p
ar
a
m
et
e
r
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
:
is
th
e
ti
m
e
in
m
o
n
th
,
is
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
n
Kelv
i
n
,
an
d
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
a
lith
i
u
m
ir
o
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
at
e
(
LF
P
o
r
L
iFeP
O4
)
b
atter
y
ar
e
as
:
α
t
=
3
.
087
.
10
−
7
,
α
NC
=
6
.
87
.
10
−
5
,
β
t
=
0
.
05146
,
β
NC
=
0
.
027
,
an
d
n
=
0
.
5
.
R
ec
all
th
at
t
h
e
m
ain
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
h
er
e
is
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
o
f
a
b
atter
y
b
y
a
s
u
itab
l
e
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
ain
f
lo
w
-
co
u
n
ti
n
g
(
R
F
C
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
u
s
ef
u
l
m
eth
o
d
th
e
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
b
atter
y
c
y
cles
n
u
m
b
er
[
28
]
.
R
FC
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ea
ch
So
C
c
u
r
v
e
to
r
e
tu
r
n
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles
a
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
Do
D.
C
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
r
ai
n
f
lo
w
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
u
le
o
f
P
al
m
g
r
en
M
i
n
er
[
29
]
,
[
30
]
,
th
e
b
atter
y
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
a
g
i
v
e
n
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
6
)
.
(
%
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
=
100
∑
=
1
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
D
is
th
e
to
tal
d
a
m
a
g
e
t
h
at
is
w
h
e
n
=
1
,
th
e
b
atter
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ep
lace
d
.
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cle
s
r
etu
r
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ain
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lo
w
alg
o
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ith
m
f
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ch
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m
p
lit
u
d
e
,
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e
Do
D
,
w
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ile
t
h
e
N
m
ax
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
y
cles
t
h
e
b
atter
y
ca
n
e
n
d
u
r
e
f
o
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ch
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i
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Do
D
.
A
cc
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d
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g
to
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u
r
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i
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e
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u
m
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er
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er
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id
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e
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atas
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m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
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o
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th
e
b
atter
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VL
3
0
P
ce
lls
t
y
p
e
f
r
o
m
S
A
FT
b
atter
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co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
i
s
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ap
er
an
d
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ased
o
n
[
3
1
]
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles
(
N
ma
x
is
r
ea
ch
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f
th
e
c
ap
ac
it
y
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eg
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ad
atio
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attain
s
3
0
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ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ated
as (
7
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.
(
DoD
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=
3
.
10
7
×
(
%
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−
1
.
825
(
7
)
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
cu
r
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
o
f
th
e
V
L
3
0
P
b
atter
y
,
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
(
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.
(
80
%
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%
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×
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(
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B
y
esti
m
ati
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
ed
c
ap
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
y
at
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
R
C
%,
it
w
i
ll
b
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
lif
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
(
E
O
L
)
in
y
ea
r
s
as e
x
p
lain
ed
i
n
(
9
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
60
0
-
61
2
604
1
−
=
×
.
×
(
12
)
+
[
×
.
×
]
×
(
9
)
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
(
9
)
ca
n
ex
p
ec
t
th
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
in
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
li
f
eti
m
e
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tep
s
il
lu
s
tr
ated
in
A
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
1
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
1
.
B
atter
y
li
f
eti
m
e
esti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
I
n
p
u
t:
-
SOC
v
ec
to
r
(
ti
m
e
s
er
ies o
f
s
ta
te
o
f
ch
ar
g
e)
I
n
itializatio
n
:
-
Set r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
: R
C
←
7
0
%
-
E
s
ti
m
a
te
Nc
y
cl
(
DO
D)
u
s
i
n
g
r
ain
f
lo
w
co
u
n
tin
g
(
R
FC
)
ap
p
lied
to
SOC
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
tep
s
:
-
Use
e
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
(
D%)
-
R
ep
lace
D% in
to
e
q
u
atio
n
(
8
)
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
c
les
(
NC
)
-
So
lv
e
e
q
u
atio
n
(
9
)
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
atter
y
li
f
eti
m
e
2
.
3
.
C
a
pa
ci
t
o
r
f
e
a
t
ures
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
v
er
s
a
til
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
s
w
it
h
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
ic
l
es,
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
,
an
d
g
r
id
s
tab
iliza
tio
n
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
li
k
e
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
,
lo
n
g
l
if
ec
y
cle,
an
d
w
id
e
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
e.
T
h
eir
k
e
y
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
clu
d
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
,
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e,
to
ler
an
ce
,
leak
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t,
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
p
o
lar
i
za
tio
n
,
an
d
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
s
er
ie
s
r
esi
s
tan
ce
[
32
]
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial t
o
r
ep
lace
b
atter
ies d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
,
w
h
ich
s
h
o
r
ten
s
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
ti
m
e
s
an
d
lo
n
g
er
l
if
e
c
y
cle
[
33
]
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
f
o
r
g
i
v
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
o
v
er
u
s
ed
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tall
y
f
r
ien
d
l
y
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
m
id
ea
l
f
o
r
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
i
n
te
r
m
ed
iate
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
i
n
g
b
atter
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
o
r
o
f
f
l
in
e
p
er
i
o
d
s
,
an
d
as
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
tib
le
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
(
UP
S)
in
e
m
er
g
e
n
cies.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
licatio
n
s
co
m
b
in
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
it
h
b
atter
ies
c
an
o
p
ti
m
ize
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
a
g
e
a
n
d
in
c
r
ea
s
e
b
atter
y
lif
esp
a
n
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
i
t o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
3.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
T
h
e
lif
esp
a
n
o
f
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
[
34
]
,
w
it
h
lea
k
ag
e
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
,
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
s
er
ies
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
s
er
ie
s
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
p
lay
in
g
k
e
y
r
o
les.
T
h
e
d
ielec
t
r
ic
in
a
r
ea
l
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
li
m
ited
r
esis
ta
n
ce
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
ize
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
late
s
w
h
e
n
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
ap
p
lied
.
L
ea
k
a
g
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
t
y
p
icall
y
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
1
MΩ
to
1
0
0
MΩ
an
d
ca
n
i
m
p
ac
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
test
s
a
n
d
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
d
ata
ar
e
es
s
e
n
tial
f
o
r
e
s
ti
m
ati
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
lif
esp
an
.
T
h
e
A
r
r
h
e
n
iu
s
eq
u
atio
n
is
a
k
e
y
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
lif
esp
a
n
[
35
]
,
w
it
h
ag
in
g
b
ein
g
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
=
×
×
(
1
0
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
ab
s
o
l
u
te
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
(
Kel
v
e
n
)
,
is
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
o
n
ti
m
e
f
o
r
in
(
ℎ
)
,
is
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
to
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
(
ℎ
)
,
an
d
is
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ac
ti
v
atio
n
in
.
W
h
er
ea
s
is
g
iv
e
n
by
(
1
1
)
.
=
×
ln
(
1
2
)
1
1
−
1
2
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
B
a
tter
y
cy
cle
life a
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
w
ir
eless
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
ystem
… (
Oma
r
E
n
a
s
s
ir
i
)
605
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
is
cited
i
n
[
3
6
]
,
w
h
ile
:
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
a
f
et
y
f
ac
t
o
r
,
d
ef
in
ed
as:
I
f
0
=
105
℃
th
e
n
f
o
r
>
0
,
=
4
,
an
d
if
0
=
105
℃
,
th
en
f
o
r
<
0
,
=
2
,
also
if
0
=
85
℃
th
e
n
=
2
.
I
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
th
e
li
f
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
l
y
t
ic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
1
2
)
.
=
0
×
2
0
−
10
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
li
f
e
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
is
th
e
li
f
e
at
t
h
e
r
ated
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
f
o
r
ev
er
y
10
℃
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
th
e
lif
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
ti
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
ed
u
ce
s
b
y
h
al
f
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ag
in
g
is
o
f
ten
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
ex
tr
ac
ts
b
ased
o
n
f
ail
u
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
A
r
r
h
e
n
iu
s
'
la
w
,
t
h
e
li
f
esp
a
n
o
f
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
ass
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
it,
an
d
th
e
ap
p
lied
elec
tr
ical
v
o
ltag
e
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
o
f
f
er
,
in
th
eir
ca
talo
g
u
es,
a
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
li
f
es
p
an
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
)
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
[
3
8
].
=
0
×
×
×
(
1
3
)
W
ith
0
is
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
li
f
e
(
h
o
u
r
s
)
i
n
ex
tr
e
m
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
m
ax
i
m
u
m
allo
w
a
b
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e)
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
o
th
er
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
ar
e
is
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
ac
to
r
an
d
K
T
=
2
T
0
−
T
c
10
w
it
h
0
is
u
p
p
er
ca
teg
o
r
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
is
th
e
a
m
b
i
en
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
in
t
h
e
ap
p
lica
tio
n
.
is
t
h
e
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ac
t
o
r
=
∆
0
10
w
it
h
=
1
−
(
0
)
2
an
d
=
1
.
4
,
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
th
e
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
n
o
r
m
alize
d
r
ip
p
le
c
u
r
r
en
t,
0
is
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
r
ip
p
le
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
u
p
p
er
ca
teg
o
r
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
d
∆T
0
is
c
o
r
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
ac
to
r
is
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
b
y
=
(
0
)
,
w
h
er
e
V
0
an
d
V
x
ar
e
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
t
h
e
r
ated
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
a
ctu
al
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
lta
g
e.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
n
ca
n
v
ar
y
b
et
w
ee
n
1
an
d
6
,
alth
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
d
atash
ee
t
s
cited
in
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
].
T
h
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
0
.
5
≤
0
≤
0
.
8
→
=
3
0
.
8
≤
0
≤
1
→
=
5
cit
ed
in
[
40
].
2
.
4
.
E
nerg
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ai
m
s
to
f
in
d
o
p
ti
m
al
ac
tio
n
s
t
h
at
le
a
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
an
d
th
e
b
atter
y
lif
e
ti
m
e
as
w
ell.
At
e
ac
h
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
d
en
o
ted
as
n
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
ec
id
es
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
b
atter
y
o
r
ca
p
ac
ito
r
)
,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
(
tr
a
n
s
m
it
o
r
n
o
t)
,
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
i
f
it
d
ec
id
es
to
tr
an
s
m
it
.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
et
o
f
ac
tio
n
s
i
s
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
0
∈
{
0
,
1
}
is
th
e
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
in
th
e
b
atter
y
f
o
r
0
=
1
,
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
o
r
0
=
0
at
t
h
e
m
o
m
en
t
n
;
ii)
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
in
d
icato
r
is
1
∈
{
0
,
1
}
w
h
er
e
1
=
1
in
d
icate
s
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
atter
y
an
d
1
=
0
in
d
icate
s
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
;
a
n
d
iii)
T
h
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
d
icato
r
i
s
2
∈
{
0
,
1
}
in
d
i
ca
tes
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
is
d
r
o
p
p
ed
if
2
=
0
o
r
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
i
f
2
=
1
.
P
o
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
a
b
atter
y
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
ith
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
th
e
b
atter
y
’
s
li
f
esp
a
n
,
po
ten
tiall
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cle
s
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
d
ata
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
.
T
h
is
o
p
tim
izatio
n
i
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
S
y
n
o
p
tic
e
n
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
60
0
-
61
2
606
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
b
atter
y
o
n
l
y
v
s
.
b
atte
r
y
+
ca
p
ac
ito
r
:
(
a)
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
(
b
)
d
ata
s
en
t c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
en
er
g
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
lear
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
eg
in
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ic
h
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
in
telli
g
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l.
R
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
lear
n
i
n
g
is
t
h
en
le
v
er
a
g
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
.
2
.
4
.
1
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n a
nd
f
o
rm
u
la
t
io
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
lif
et
i
m
e
.
It
also
ai
m
s
to
tr
an
s
m
i
t
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
ata
w
ith
o
u
t
lo
s
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ti
m
e,
as ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
(
1
4
)
.
ma
x
{
}
∞
=
0
l
im
→
∞
∑
=
0
(
1
4
)
W
h
er
e
0
≤
γ
<
1
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ter
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
it
s
o
p
er
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
ti
m
e
s
lo
t.
I
n
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
h
ec
k
s
th
e
b
atter
y
s
ta
te
B
n
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
n
,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
d
ata
D
n
,
an
d
th
e
ch
an
n
el
s
tate.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
e
s
ti
m
at
e
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
en
er
g
y
to
tr
a
n
s
m
it
th
e
in
co
m
i
n
g
d
ata,
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
elec
t th
e
u
s
ed
eq
u
ip
m
en
t to
p
o
w
er
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
,
t
h
is
e
n
er
g
y
n
o
ted
m
u
s
t
m
ee
t t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
0
.
≤
1
+
(
1
−
1
)
(
1
5
)
0
≤
≤
(
1
6
)
0
≤
≤
(
1
7
)
Du
r
in
g
ea
ch
p
h
ase
,
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
n
ee
d
s
E
n
T
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
t
o
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata
f
r
o
m
B
n
o
r
C
n
(
in
th
e
b
atter
y
o
r
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
)
.
I
n
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
ep
o
ch
,
th
e
d
e
v
ices
r
e
ce
iv
e
B
n+
1
o
r
C
n+
1
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
en
er
g
y
at
ea
ch
ep
o
ch
ca
n
b
e
u
p
d
ated
(
1
8
)
an
d
(
1
9
)
.
+
1
=
{
−
1
2
+
0
,
}
(
1
8
)
+
1
=
{
−
(
1
−
1
)
2
+
(
1
−
0
)
;
}
(
1
9
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
e
f
in
ed
ab
o
v
e
i
s
NP
-
h
ar
d
s
i
n
ce
v
ar
iab
le
s
X
n
0
,
X
n
1
,
an
d
X
n
2
ar
e
b
in
ar
y
.
B
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
p
r
o
b
lem
h
as
a
f
f
i
n
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
,
it
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
m
i
x
ed
i
n
te
g
er
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
MI
L
P
)
.
B
r
an
ch
an
d
B
o
u
n
d
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
o
s
o
lv
e
th
is
k
i
n
d
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
4
1
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
u
s
e
t
h
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
all
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
ata,
ch
an
n
el
s
tate
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
ar
r
iv
als
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
n
o
wn
in
ad
v
a
n
ce
.
I
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
lo
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
MI
L
P
b
ased
o
n
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
lear
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atter
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ated
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Fi
g
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6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
A
p
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o
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E
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I
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2252
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8792
B
a
tter
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life a
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607
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ein
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m
e
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ased
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ith
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h
e
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ai
n
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b
j
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eter
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est
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n
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a
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1
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h
is
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p
r
o
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h
at
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h
e
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itter
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T
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atter
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o
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llected
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ata
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e
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Set o
f
ac
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n
s
A
={
<
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X
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>
}
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-
T
h
e
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ew
ar
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w
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g
f
u
n
ct
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n
:
R
t
(
S
n
,
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n
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X
n
D
n
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
2
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ep
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t
h
e
p
s
e
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d
o
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co
d
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o
f
th
e
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lear
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n
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al
g
o
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ith
m
.
A
l
g
o
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ith
m
2
. Q
-
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
I
n
itializatio
n
-
Fo
r
ea
ch
s
tate
S
i
∈
S
an
d
ea
c
h
ac
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j
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A
,
d
o
:
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S
i
, x
j
)
←
0
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E
v
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a
te
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e
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n
itial
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W
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ile
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m
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is
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o
t r
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s
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g
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ee
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y
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ased
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r
r
en
t Q
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E
x
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u
te
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j
a
n
d
o
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er
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e:
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T
h
e
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m
m
ed
iate
r
e
w
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R
t
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h
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n
ex
t
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-
Up
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ate
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Q
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ate
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[
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a
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,
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-
Set th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t sta
te:
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n
d
w
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ile
T
h
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lear
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al
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ith
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d
et
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e
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t
h
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a
l
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y
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ti
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ati
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e
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t
Q
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n+
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Si,
x
i)
.
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h
is
esti
m
atio
n
i
s
ac
h
iev
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b
y
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m
b
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t
h
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p
r
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u
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est
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m
ate,
Q
n
-
1
(
Si,
x
i)
,
w
it
h
th
e
esti
m
ated
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p
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ted
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alu
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o
f
t
h
e
b
est
ac
tio
n
at
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
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e
n
t
s
tate
S
n
+1
.
Du
r
in
g
e
ac
h
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
(
)
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ef
i
n
e
s
its
esti
m
ates a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
s
tep
s
:
-
No
tices th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t sta
te
S
n
=S
j
ϵ
S
.
-
Selects a
n
d
ex
ec
u
tes an
ac
t
io
n
X
n
=x
i
ϵ
A
.
-
Ob
s
er
v
es t
h
e
n
e
x
t s
tate
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d
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co
r
r
esp
o
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d
in
g
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w
ar
d
,
th
e
n
u
p
d
ates its
es
ti
m
ate
o
f
Q
u
s
i
n
g
(
2
0
)
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
esen
te
d
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
et
er
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
h
as
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
en
er
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y
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p
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it
y
o
f
b
atter
y
t
h
at
i
s
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ted
in
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a
x
=
{2
0
.
2
.
5
10
−5
,
5
0
.
2
.
5
10
−5
,
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0
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2
.
5
10
−5
}
J
.
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h
e
en
er
g
y
lev
e
l
in
th
e
b
atter
y
is
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{0
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a
x
}.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
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izes
ar
e
D
=
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b
its
w
i
th
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
tate
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
p
d
(
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1
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d
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2
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2
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=
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.
9
9
an
d
th
e
c
h
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n
el
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tate
Hn
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{0
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0
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0
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}.
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h
e
en
er
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y
h
ar
v
es
te
d
in
t
i
m
e
-
s
lo
tted
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s
=
1
0
0
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
w
o
r
th
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
60
0
-
61
2
608
E
n
T
=
0
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5
×1
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−
5
J
.
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h
e
n
o
is
e
p
o
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er
d
en
s
it
y
i
s
N0
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−1
6
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d
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m
/Hz,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ti
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e
is
Δ
T
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=
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0
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s
.
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h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ca
p
ac
ity
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
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to
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4
0
µF.
T
h
e
Q
-
lear
n
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e:
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
r
ate
f
i
x
ed
at
α
=
0
.
8
5
,
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ili
t
y
is
ε
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0
.
1
,
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d
th
e
d
is
co
u
n
t
f
a
cto
r
γ
=
0
.
9
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
ep
ic
ts
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
b
y
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
al
u
es.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
at
es
th
at
th
e
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
tted
d
ata
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
a
cito
r
.
No
tab
ly
,
b
e
y
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n
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a
ce
r
tain
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p
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it
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v
al
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e,
t
h
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ata
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n
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o
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o
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ea
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
s
a
f
u
n
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o
f
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p
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ito
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ac
it
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t
d
if
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er
e
n
t
te
m
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e
v
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d
e
m
o
n
s
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atin
g
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h
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ef
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ec
ti
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e
n
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h
e
b
atter
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’
s
li
f
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m
e
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ea
s
es
lin
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ef
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r
e
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ilizi
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g
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h
a
s
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h
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a
u
g
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e
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.
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h
is
in
d
icate
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at
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
u
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ed
in
t
h
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s
y
s
te
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o
p
tim
izes
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e
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atter
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li
f
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n
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y
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m
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ar
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n
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w
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h
o
th
er
s
o
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tio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
o
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l
y
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h
e
b
atter
y
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w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
in
cl
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s
io
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f
a
ca
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ito
r
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th
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r
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ce
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en
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it
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m
e
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tio
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r
lier
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
d
ata
t
r
an
s
m
itted
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
alu
e
s
:
(
a)
2
0
°C
,
(
b
)
2
5
°C
,
(
c)
3
5
°C
,
an
d
(
d
)
4
5
°C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
B
a
tter
y
cy
cle
life a
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
w
ir
eless
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
ystem
… (
Oma
r
E
n
a
s
s
ir
i
)
609
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
lif
eti
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
alu
es,
i
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
:
(
a)
2
0
°C
,
(
b
)
2
5
°C
,
(
c)
3
5
°C
,
an
d
(
d
)
4
5
°C
Ou
r
n
u
m
er
ical
r
es
u
lts
h
av
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
th
eo
r
etic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
lead
s
to
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
w
ith
o
u
t
b
ein
g
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
eq
u
ip
p
ed
b
y
a
d
ev
ice
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
es
it
s
en
er
g
y
in
a
b
atter
y
o
r
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
alo
n
g
s
i
d
e
a
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
lear
n
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
tati
o
n
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
s
u
r
p
a
s
s
es t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
As
f
o
r
th
e
b
atter
y
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
co
m
b
in
atio
n
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
th
is
E
SM
S
h
a
v
e
ex
p
an
d
ed
th
e
b
atter
y
li
f
esp
a
n
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
c
h
ar
g
e
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
c
y
cle
s
.
U
n
li
k
e
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
9
]
,
w
h
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
r
ed
u
c
in
g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
en
h
an
ce
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
o
u
r
o
n
lin
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
f
f
li
n
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
i
n
d
y
n
a
m
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
w
h
er
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
[
1
2
]
.
Of
f
lin
e
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
te
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
u
p
d
ates
w
h
e
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
c
h
an
g
e,
w
h
er
ea
s
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
ap
ts
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
m
ee
ts
it
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
b
y
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
w
o
k
e
y
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
.
First,
it
e
x
te
n
d
s
th
e
b
atter
y
l
if
e
s
p
an
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
w
h
ich
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
b
atter
y
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
al
l
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
.
Seco
n
d
,
it
e
n
h
an
ce
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
b
y
le
v
er
ag
i
n
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
b
alan
ce
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
m
i
n
i
m
ized
b
u
t
also
th
at
a
g
r
ea
ter
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ac
h
iev
e
s
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
alan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
m
ee
ti
n
g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
ee
d
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
th
at
ad
ap
ts
to
v
ar
y
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
e
m
a
n
d
s.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
an
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ca
p
a
cito
r
s
an
d
b
atter
ies
to
s
to
r
e
h
ar
v
es
ted
en
er
g
y
an
d
t
h
en
p
o
w
er
a
w
ir
eless
tr
an
s
m
itter
n
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
r
ain
f
lo
w
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
esti
m
ate
s
b
atter
y
li
f
e
,
w
h
ile
t
he
Q
-
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
tr
ateg
y
,
to
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata
o
r
to
s
to
r
e
g
at
h
er
ed
en
er
g
y
i
n
a
n
o
d
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
,
b
atter
y
s
tate
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
a
ted
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
er
io
d
.
Ou
r
r
es
u
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
b
atter
y
li
f
esp
a
n
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
w
h
ich
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
b
atter
y
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
b
y
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
b
alan
ce
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
is
o
p
tim
ized
b
u
t
al
s
o
t
h
at
a
g
r
e
ater
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
w
i
th
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
u
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies
co
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
u
p
o
n
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
to
v
al
id
ate
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
d
er
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
tr
ain
ed
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ata
co
u
ld
p
r
ed
ic
t
en
er
g
y
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
allo
w
i
n
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
ch
ed
u
le
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
p
o
ten
t
iall
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
l
s
o
,
ex
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
h
o
w
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.