I
nte
rna
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l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
5
2
2
~
5
3
2
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
14
.
i
3
.
pp
522
-
532
522
J
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l ho
m
ep
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g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
r
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co
m/
Desig
n and
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ly
sis
of t
wo
sw
itch
DC
-
D
C conv
ert
er
s for
E
-
v
ehicle applica
t
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ns
J
a
y
a
nthi K
a
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hiresa
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na
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him
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nfo
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ticle
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to
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y:
R
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Feb
3
,
2
0
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4
R
ev
is
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Dec
2
7
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4
Acc
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5
A
n
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is
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late
d
DC
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DC
c
o
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v
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rter
to
p
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is
p
ro
p
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d
i
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
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r
,
wh
ich
is
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u
is
h
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d
b
y
it
s
s
u
p
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ri
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a
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in
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v
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Th
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d
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tu
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sp
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c
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a
p
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it
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To
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h
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t
in
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tu
re
s,
a
th
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s
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t
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ste
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ti
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s.
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d
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it
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o
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a
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rd
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2
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it
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p
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k
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f
9
4.
3
%
,
t
h
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p
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ty
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e
sh
o
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e
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wit
h
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ly
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sts.
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ste
d
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o
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is
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v
iab
le
o
p
ti
o
n
f
o
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re
n
e
wa
b
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e
n
e
rg
y
a
p
p
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a
ti
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s
b
e
c
a
u
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it
s
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v
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lt
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g
a
in
,
sm
a
ll
siz
e
,
a
n
d
e
ffici
e
n
c
y
.
Th
is
is
e
sp
e
c
ially
tru
e
fo
r
so
lar
sy
ste
m
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
d
istri
b
u
te
d
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
r
c
e
s,
wh
e
re
lo
w co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
c
o
u
n
ts an
d
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
ra
ti
o
s a
re
p
re
fe
rre
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
E
-
v
eh
icle
Po
wer
co
n
v
er
te
r
Vo
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
Vo
ltag
e
g
ain
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
J
ay
an
th
i K
ath
ir
esan
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Me
p
co
Sch
len
k
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
C
o
lleg
e
Siv
ak
asi,
T
am
il Na
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
k
jay
an
th
i@
m
ep
co
en
g
.
ac
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
au
to
m
o
b
iles
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
witch
ed
m
o
d
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
av
e
b
e
co
m
e
m
o
r
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
a
tio
n
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
d
o
es
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
io
d
es.
N
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
v
o
l
tag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
[
1
]
.
T
ec
h
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
r
aisi
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
tr
ess
s
witch
in
g
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tatic
g
ain
ar
e
b
r
ief
l
y
co
v
er
ed
.
I
n
.
An
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
e
v
iew
is
p
r
esen
ted
o
f
a
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
h
ig
h
g
ain
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
lift
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
[
2
]
.
A
v
o
ltag
e
r
ai
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
with
an
ex
te
n
d
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
m
ay
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
[
3
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t,
an
ef
f
icie
n
cy
o
f
ab
o
u
t
9
3
.
5
%
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
a
1
2
V
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
A
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
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ter
b
as
ed
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
ce
lls
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
4
]
f
o
r
r
a
is
in
g
s
tatic
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
R
eg
en
er
ativ
e
clam
p
in
g
c
ir
cu
itry
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
ce
ll
in
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
f
u
r
t
h
er
less
en
s
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
EMI
)
is
s
u
e
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
5
]
s
h
o
wca
s
es
an
im
p
r
ess
iv
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
n
e
ar
ly
9
3
%.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
clam
p
in
g
cir
cu
it
an
d
a
v
o
lt
ag
e
b
o
o
s
t
ce
ll,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
a
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
th
at
co
n
n
ec
ts
th
e
clam
p
in
g
cir
cu
it
an
d
f
ly
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
te
r
to
b
o
o
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
A
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
witch
co
n
v
e
r
ter
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
in
v
e
r
s
e
W
atk
in
s
-
J
o
h
n
s
o
n
(
C
I
W
J
)
co
n
v
er
te
r
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
wh
ich
aim
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
g
ain
b
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f tw
o
s
w
itch
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ter
s
fo
r
E
-
ve
h
icle
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
Ja
ya
n
th
i
K
a
th
ir
esa
n
)
523
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
elem
en
t c
o
u
n
t
[
6
]
.
I
n
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
esen
t
a
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
f
ast
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
r
ig
h
t
h
alf
p
lan
e
ze
r
o
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
h
ich
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t iss
u
e
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
ev
itab
ly
ad
d
r
e
s
s
ed
a
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
-
b
ased
co
n
v
er
ter
in
[
9
]
–
[
1
1
]
th
at
l
o
wer
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
s
witch
es.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e'
s
r
ev
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
t
im
e
is
a
m
ajo
r
d
o
wn
s
id
e
o
f
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
Sh
ep
p
ar
d
-
T
ay
lo
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
2
]
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
r
eg
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
less
r
ip
p
le
in
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
r
elatio
n
o
r
ig
i
n
ally
lim
ited
its
o
p
er
a
tio
n
to
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
b
atter
y
s
elec
tio
n
in
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle
(
EV
)
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
[
1
4
]
.
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
eso
n
an
t
wir
eless
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
s
ch
em
e
is
ad
o
p
ted
to
ch
a
r
g
e
th
e
E
Vs
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
5
]
.
A
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
f
o
r
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
b
r
u
s
h
less
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
B
L
DC
)
m
o
to
r
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
2
]
,
au
th
o
r
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
em
p
l
o
y
ed
in
E
V
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
s
wi
tch
in
g
-
b
ased
co
n
v
er
t
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
an
d
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t stra
teg
ies em
p
lo
y
ed
w
h
ile
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
E
V
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
av
ailab
le
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
s
tatic
g
ain
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
a
n
d
lo
s
s
es,
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
lo
t
o
f
s
co
p
e
f
o
r
r
esear
c
h
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
ies,
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
with
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
cir
cu
it
elem
e
n
ts
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
to
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
elem
e
n
t
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
an
in
d
u
cto
r
a
n
d
a
s
witch
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
s
tatic
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
te
r
is
ex
p
lain
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
1
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
an
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Sectio
n
3
elab
o
r
ates
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
elab
o
r
ated
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
Sectio
n
5
d
is
cu
s
s
es
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
6
an
d
7
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
an
d
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
.
2.
E
XP
L
A
NAT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
M
B
C
C
I
RCU
I
T
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
MBC
)
cir
cu
it i
s
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
co
m
p
r
is
es o
f
s
witch
es,
S
1
an
d
S
2
,
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
L
1
an
d
L
2
,
a
d
io
d
e,
D,
an
d
an
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
C
.
T
h
is
MB
C
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
y
p
lacin
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
s
witch
in
g
in
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
s
witch
es,
S
1
an
d
S
2
,
o
p
er
ate
at
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
(
f
s
).
C
er
tain
p
r
esu
m
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
MBC
's
s
tab
le
s
tate
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
First,
it
is
as
s
u
m
ed
th
at
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
elem
en
ts
ar
e
id
eal
,
an
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
witch
es’
p
ar
asit
ic
r
esis
tan
ce
,
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
io
d
e,
an
alo
g
o
u
s
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
an
d
L
2
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
alik
e.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
is
d
ee
m
e
d
to
b
e
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
h
u
g
e
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
lo
a
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
ass
u
m
ed
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
MBC
o
p
er
ates in
two
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
es,
ea
ch
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
u
n
iq
u
e
V
a
n
d
I
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it e
le
m
en
ts
.
2
.
1
.
M
o
de
1
(
t
0
<
t
<
t
1
)
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
e,
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
a
r
e
in
c
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
s
tate,
an
d
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
ar
e
en
er
g
ized
in
p
ar
allel
with
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
V
in
.
T
h
e
I
L1
a
n
d
I
L2
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
lin
ea
r
l
y
with
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e.
Dio
d
e
D
b
ec
o
m
es
o
f
f
,
an
d
th
e
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
is
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
to
th
e
R
L
r
esis
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
a
th
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
Usi
n
g
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
’
s
v
o
ltag
e
law
(
KVL
)
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
(
1
)
t
o
(
4
)
.
1
=
2
=
(
1
)
1
=
1
(
2
)
2
=
2
(
3
)
=
0
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
MBC
is
g
iv
en
in
(
5
)
an
d
(
6)
.
(
1
2
)
=
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
−
1
)
(
1
2
)
+
(
1
1
1
2
0
)
(
)
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
5
2
2
-
532
524
0
=
(
0
0
1
)
(
1
2
)
(
6
)
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
Kir
c
h
h
o
f
f
’
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t la
w
(
KC
L
)
to
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
c
u
r
r
en
t i
c
is
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as
(
7
)
an
d
(
8
)
.
+
0
=
0
(
7
)
=
−
0
∗
(
8
)
2
.
2
.
M
o
de
2
(
t
1
<
t
<
t
2
)
Du
r
in
g
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
s
witch
es a
r
e
in
o
f
f
s
tate,
an
d
L
1
an
d
L
2
el
em
en
ts
ar
e
in
s
er
ies with
Vin
.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
D
co
n
d
u
cts,
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
s
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
1
,
D,
C
,
an
d
L
2
.
Hen
ce
,
I
L1
an
d
I
L2
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
I
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
elem
en
ts
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
'
s
law.
T
h
e
V
L1
an
d
V
L2
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
L
1
an
d
L
2
ar
e
g
iv
en
i
n
(
9
)
an
d
(
1
0
)
.
1
=
−
2
(
9
)
2
=
−
2
(
1
0
)
Similar
ly
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
c
u
r
r
en
t I
c
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
KC
L
is
g
iv
en
as
(
1
1
)
an
d
(
1
2
)
.
+
=
1
(
1
1
)
=
1
−
∗
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
in
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
ar
e
g
i
v
en
in
(
1
3
)
an
d
(
1
4
)
.
(
1
2
)
=
(
0
0
−
1
2
1
0
0
−
1
2
2
1
0
−
1
)
(
1
2
)
+
(
1
1
1
2
0
)
(
)
(
1
3
)
0
=
(
0
0
1
)
(
1
2
)
(
1
4
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mo
d
if
ied
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
a
n
d
(
b
)
m
o
d
e
1
cir
c
u
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f tw
o
s
w
itch
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ter
s
fo
r
E
-
ve
h
icle
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
Ja
ya
n
th
i
K
a
th
ir
esa
n
)
525
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
d
if
ied
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
m
o
d
e
2
cir
cu
it
an
d
(
b
)
V
an
d
I
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
P
RO
CE
DU
RE
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
alan
cin
g
p
r
in
ci
p
le,
th
e
s
tatic
g
ain
o
f
th
e
MBC
is
d
er
iv
ed
.
T
h
is
d
er
iv
atio
n
u
s
es th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
2
)
an
d
(
9
)
,
as sh
o
wn
in
(
1
5
)
an
d
(
1
6
)
.
∫
1
0
+
∫
1
=
0
(
1
−
)
(
1
5
)
∫
1
+
∫
−
2
1
=
0
(
1
−
)
0
(
1
6
)
On
s
im
p
lify
in
g
(
1
6
)
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
is
:
V
0
V
in
=
1
+
d
1
−
d
(
1
7
)
3
.
1
.
I
nd
uct
o
r
s
elec
t
io
n
So
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e,
r
i
p
p
le
cu
r
r
e
n
t
,
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
an
d
d
u
ty
r
atio
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
an
d
L
2
.
T
h
e
(
1
8
)
–
(
2
0
)
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
v
alu
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
g
ain
m
o
d
if
ied
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
.
=
=
(
1
8
)
=
∆
∆
=
(
1
9
)
T
h
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
r
ip
p
le
is
ca
lcu
lated
as:
1
=
2
=
∆
(
2
0
)
3
.
2
.
Ca
pa
ci
t
o
r
s
elec
t
io
n
T
h
e
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
r
atin
g
(
P),
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e,
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
(
2
1
)
.
=
0
∆
(
2
1
)
3
.
3
.
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
re
s
s
o
n po
wer
s
wit
ch
a
nd
dio
de
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
tr
ess
V
DS1
an
d
V
DS2
o
n
p
o
wer
s
witch
es
S
1
an
d
S
2
is
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
(
2
2
)
.
1
=
2
=
+
0
2
(
2
2
)
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
io
d
e
VD
is
g
iv
en
in
(
2
3
)
.
=
+
(
2
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
5
2
2
-
532
526
4.
DYNA
M
I
C
ANA
L
Y
SI
S A
N
D
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
F
O
R
M
B
C
T
h
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
a
p
o
wer
co
n
v
e
r
ter
o
v
er
a
tim
e
ca
n
b
e
ar
ticu
lat
ed
b
y
its
g
en
er
alize
d
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
av
er
ag
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
2
4
)
an
d
(
2
5
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
(
2
4
)
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
(
2
5
)
W
h
er
e
A=
1
+
2
(
1
−
)
,
=
1
+
2
(
1
−
)
,
=
1
+
2
(
1
−
)
,
=
1
+
2
(
1
−
)
,
an
d
d
is
d
u
ty
cy
cle
.
Fro
m
(
5
)
,
(
6
)
,
(
1
3
)
,
an
d
(
1
4
)
,
th
e
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
MBC
is
g
iv
en
in
(
2
6
)
a
n
d
(
2
7
)
.
(
1
2
)
=
(
0
0
−
(
1
−
)
2
1
0
0
−
(
1
−
)
2
2
1
−
0
−
1
)
(
1
2
)
+
(
1
+
2
1
1
+
2
2
0
)
(
)
(
2
6
)
0
=
(
0
0
1
)
(
1
2
)
(
2
7
)
T
h
e
o
p
e
n
lo
o
p
tr
an
s
f
er
e
q
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
with
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
in
T
a
b
l
e
1
y
ield
s
in
(
2
8
)
.
=
0
=
2
.
269
5
(
2
+
5
.
739
+
4
.
95
4
)
(
2
8
)
T
h
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
s
tated
tr
an
s
f
er
eq
u
atio
n
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
to
b
e
a
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
(
2
8
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
u
n
d
er
o
p
en
lo
o
p
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
en
-
l
o
o
p
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
a
p
h
ase
m
ar
g
in
o
f
0
.
7
6
2
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
with
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
ju
g
ate
p
o
les
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
(
-
2
.
8
7
-
j2
2
2
)
an
d
(
2
.
8
7
+
j2
2
2
)
with
in
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
r
ea
l
ax
is
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
h
ase
m
ar
g
in
,
a
le
ad
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
is
d
esig
n
ed
.
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
ali
z
ed
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
lead
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
is
g
iv
en
in
(
2
9
)
.
(
)
=
(
1
+
1
+
)
(
2
9
)
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
M
B
C
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
co
m
p
u
ted
f
r
o
m
V
r
ef
an
d
V
mea
is
g
iv
en
as
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
lead
c
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
G
c
(
s
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
e
c
is
f
ed
to
th
e
p
lan
t
tr
an
s
f
er
eq
u
atio
n
G(
s
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
lan
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
G(
s
)
is
m
u
lt
ip
lied
with
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
H(
s
)
to
g
et
th
e
V
mea
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
H(
s
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
e
x
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
i
n
c
l
o
s
e
d
lo
o
p
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
(
3
0
)
.
=
0
=
1
.
008
6
2
+
3
.
468
8
4
+
1534
3
+
1
.
067
6
2
+
4
.
225
8
(
3
0
)
T
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ev
id
en
t w
ith
an
i
n
f
in
ite
g
ain
m
ar
g
in
,
a
n
d
th
e
cl
o
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
a
p
h
ase
m
ar
g
in
o
f
7
6
.
8
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
o
p
en
lo
o
p
co
n
d
itio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f tw
o
s
w
itch
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ter
s
fo
r
E
-
ve
h
icle
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
Ja
ya
n
th
i
K
a
th
ir
esa
n
)
527
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
MBC
with
o
th
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
B
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
Ref
.
[
4
]
Ref
.
[
5
]
Ref
.
[
1
0
]
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
b
o
o
s
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
g
a
i
n
1
/
1
-
D
(
1
+
D
)
/
(
1
-
D)
1
/
D
(
1
-
D)
(3
-
2
D
)
)
/
(
1
-
2D
(
1
+
D
)
/
(
1
-
D)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
r
e
ss
o
n
s
w
i
t
c
h
V
0
-
(
co
−
S2
)
(V
0
-
V
in
)
/
2
(V
0
+V
in
)
/
2
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
r
e
ss
o
n
d
i
o
d
e
V
0
V
c2
−
V
c3
-
(V
0
-
V
in
)
(V
0
+V
in
)
S
w
i
t
c
h
c
o
u
n
t
1
1
2
2
2
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
s
c
o
u
n
t
1
2
2
1
2
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
c
o
u
n
t
1
3
2
3
1
D
i
o
d
e
c
o
u
n
t
1
3
3
4
1
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
lo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
h
ig
h
g
ain
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
cl
o
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
d
itio
n
5.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE CO
M
P
A
RIS
O
N
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
MBC
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
th
at
o
f
o
th
er
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
.
A
d
u
ty
r
atio
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
MBC
'
s
s
tati
c
g
ain
with
v
a
r
io
u
s
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
MBC
d
eliv
er
s
th
e
u
p
p
er
m
o
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
o
f
1
9
,
wh
ich
is
1
.
8
tim
es
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
at
o
f
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
T
h
e
MBC
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
i
n
[
4
]
h
av
e
a
s
im
ilar
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
in
[
4
]
u
s
es
a
v
o
lta
g
e
lift
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
o
au
g
m
en
t
th
e
s
t
atic
g
ain
.
T
h
e
MBC
’
s
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
a
tio
is
1
9
.
1
5
%
elev
ated
th
an
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
[
5
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
ar
o
u
n
d
7
0
%
m
o
r
e
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
wh
en
o
p
er
ated
at
0
.
7
d
u
t
y
r
atio
.
W
h
ile
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
co
n
v
er
ter
n
ec
ess
itate
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
p
o
wer
s
witch
es,
it
ac
h
iev
es
p
ar
ity
with
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
d
io
d
es
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
[
5
]
an
d
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
em
p
lo
y
s
f
ewe
r
cir
cu
it
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
r
ed
esig
n
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
esti
m
ated
to
b
e
6
0
%
o
f
th
e
p
o
t
en
tial
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
p
o
wer
s
witch
v
o
ltag
e
l
o
s
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
1
0
0
%
o
f
th
e
l
o
ad
s
id
e
p
o
ten
tial
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
o
wer
s
witch
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
is
lo
wer
in
th
e
MBC
th
an
in
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
s
witch
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
lead
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
in
s
witch
e
s
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
lead
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
life
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
witch
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
[
5
]
a
n
d
[
1
0
]
u
s
e
eith
er
s
witch
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
lift
m
eth
o
d
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
less
er
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
p
lace
d
in
s
er
ies
wi
th
th
e
s
wi
tch
s
to
r
es
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
ON
tim
e
an
d
r
elea
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
5
2
2
-
532
528
d
u
r
in
g
OFF
tim
e.
T
h
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
MBC
at
th
e
r
ated
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
4
.
6
%.
T
h
e
M
B
C
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
o
n
b
o
ar
d
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
u
n
it
in
E
-
v
eh
icles.
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
lar
g
e
ex
ten
t
,
lead
s
to
r
ev
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
MBC
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
in
th
e
MBC
f
o
r
f
ast
ch
ar
g
in
g
ar
e
r
ep
lacin
g
s
ili
co
n
d
ev
ices
with
wid
e
b
an
d
g
a
p
d
ev
ices;
r
ep
lace
d
io
d
es
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
es
en
ab
les
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
in
t
h
e
MBC
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
co
s
t
b
u
t
im
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Vo
ltag
e
g
ain
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
6.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
MA
T
L
AB
Simu
lin
k
to
o
l
is
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
d
s
im
u
la
te
th
e
MBC
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
ie
d
c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
f
o
r
1
00
W
p
o
wer
,
o
p
er
atin
g
with
a
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
4
8
V.
T
h
e
p
lan
n
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
ain
tain
s
a
p
o
ten
tial
at
th
e
lo
ad
s
id
e
to
2
0
0
V
dc
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
a
n
aly
s
is
with
cir
cu
it
p
ar
am
eter
s
tab
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
2.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
i
d
ea
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
o
p
er
atin
g
in
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
(
CCM
)
is
v
alid
ated
b
y
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
a
v
ir
t
u
al
an
d
e
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
e
Simu
lin
k
d
iag
r
am
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
io
d
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
cto
r
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
7
(
a
)
-
7(
c)
(
s
ee
Ap
p
en
d
ix
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e,
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
(
s
ee
Ap
p
en
d
ix
)
an
d
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
7
(
e
)
-
7
(
g)
(
s
ee
Ap
p
e
n
d
ix
)
.
Gatin
g
p
u
ls
es
wer
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
PIC
1
8
F4
5
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
u
tili
zin
g
its
C
C
P
u
n
it
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
1
k
Hz.
W
ith
a
s
o
u
r
ce
in
p
u
t
o
f
48
V,
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ac
h
iev
ed
a
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
o
f
9
.
5
3
,
r
es
u
ltin
g
in
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
0
0
V,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
e
)
.
T
h
ese
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
clo
s
ely
with
th
e
s
im
u
lated
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
v
al
u
es,
v
alid
at
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
s
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
esig
n
.
Fig
u
r
es
7
(
f
)
a
n
d
7
(
g
)
d
ep
ict
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
in
d
u
c
to
r
an
d
d
io
d
e’
s
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ese
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
r
ev
ea
led
an
a
v
er
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
.
3
6
A
f
o
r
a
lo
ad
p
o
wer
o
f
1
0
0
W
,
with
an
av
e
r
ag
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
490
m
A
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
lo
ad
p
o
wer
.
N
o
tab
ly
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
d
i
o
d
e
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
b
e
th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
es
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t,
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
atin
g
th
e
th
e
o
r
e
tical
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
m
ea
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
was
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
5
8
V,
i
n
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
es
S
1
an
d
S
2
av
er
ag
ed
th
e
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
MBC
in
m
in
im
izin
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
es wh
ile
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
g
ain
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
t
h
e
MBC
was f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
9
4
.
6
%
u
n
d
er
r
ate
d
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icien
cy
f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
ates
th
e
p
r
ac
t
ical
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
MBC
d
esig
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Simu
latio
n
s
p
ec
if
icati
o
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
S
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
4
8
V
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
0
.
3
6
mH
O
u
t
p
u
t
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
1
0
0
µ
F
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
0
0
V
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
1
k
H
z
O
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
1
00
W
P
o
w
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
I
R
F
P
4
6
0
P
o
w
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
M
U
R
3
0
2
0
P
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f tw
o
s
w
itch
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ter
s
fo
r
E
-
ve
h
icle
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
Ja
ya
n
th
i
K
a
th
ir
esa
n
)
529
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
MBC
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
i
n
im
ize
v
o
ltag
e
lo
s
s
o
n
s
witc
h
es
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tatic
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
v
o
ltag
e,
th
is
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
an
i
n
d
u
cto
r
in
s
er
ies
with
a
s
wit
ch
.
T
h
is
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
p
er
ates
in
p
ar
allel
with
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
n
ce
th
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
clo
s
ed
an
d
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
n
ce
th
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
o
n
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ica
cy
m
ak
e
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
ex
ce
llen
t
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
d
i
r
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
m
icr
o
g
r
id
n
etwo
r
k
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
also
,
with
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
0
0
V
dc
an
d
a
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
1
.
8
tim
es
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
t
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tr
ess
.
A
1
0
0
W
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
al
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
its
ef
f
icac
y
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
an
k
t
h
eir
in
s
titu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
eir
ex
ten
d
ed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
is
wo
r
k
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
th
er
e
is
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
l
v
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
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