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8
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a
n
d
t
o
r
e
a
d
i
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
es
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
K
r
a
k
a
h
p
a
l
m
l
e
a
f
m
a
n
u
s
c
r
i
p
t
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
h
as
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
B
ali
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
b
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
it
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
s
c
h
o
o
ls
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
lo
ca
l,
n
ati
o
n
al,
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
e
v
en
ts
to
u
s
e
th
e
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
ag
e
alo
n
g
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
lan
g
u
ag
es
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
m
u
s
t
s
y
n
er
g
ize
with
r
esear
ch
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
r
elate
d
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
p
r
eser
v
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
is
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
[
9
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
two
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
,
n
a
m
ely
,
t
r
an
s
liter
atio
n
o
f
L
atin
tex
t
in
to
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
an
d
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
o
f
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
to
L
atin
tex
t
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lted
f
r
o
m
r
esear
c
h
th
at
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
th
e
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
o
f
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
in
to
L
atin
tex
t,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
an
em
p
ty
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
with
a
s
im
p
le
u
s
er
g
u
id
e
o
n
T
o
L
atin
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e,
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
a
QW
E
R
T
Y
-
lik
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
k
ey
p
ad
f
o
r
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
in
p
u
t,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
L
atin
o
u
tp
u
t
r
elate
d
to
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
in
p
u
t
,
an
d
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ad
d
itio
n
al
k
ey
p
ad
la
y
e
r
(
u
p
o
n
lo
n
g
-
p
r
ess
in
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
u
tto
n
o
f
th
e
k
ey
p
ad
,
i.e
.
,
s
ig
n
b
u
tto
n
)
th
at
c
o
n
s
is
t o
f
s
ig
n
s
o
f
v
o
wel
o
r
co
n
s
o
n
a
n
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
L
atin
a
p
p
licatio
n
with
(
a)
em
p
ty
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
,
(
b
)
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t in
p
u
t,
an
d
(
c
)
L
atin
o
u
t
p
u
t
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
’
s
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
as
Ab
u
g
id
a
[
1
4
]
th
at
u
s
ed
a
m
at
h
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
f
in
ite
-
s
tate
m
ac
h
in
e
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
an
d
u
ti
lized
a
Un
ico
d
e
f
o
n
t
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
t
o
r
e
n
d
er
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
o
n
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
in
p
u
t
(
k
ey
p
a
d
an
d
tex
t
ar
ea
)
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
at
th
e
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
el
in
B
u
lelen
g
R
eg
en
cy
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lear
n
in
g
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t.
Me
an
in
g
f
u
l
lea
r
n
in
g
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
r
e
in
s
p
ir
ed
,
e
x
cited
,
c
h
allen
g
ed
,
a
n
d
m
o
tiv
ated
.
I
t
was
ex
p
ec
ted
to
o
cc
u
r
u
s
in
g
T
o
L
a
tin
u
n
d
er
a
c
er
tain
lev
el
o
f
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
lear
n
in
g
.
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
'
s
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
,
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
e
v
alu
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(T
AM
)
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
th
e
DeL
o
n
e
&
Mc
L
ea
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
cc
ess
m
o
d
e
l (
D&
MI
SS
M)
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
u
s
e
r
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ea
r
l
y
in
d
i
ca
t
o
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
u
t
ili
zi
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
AM
h
as
b
e
e
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
u
s
e
d
t
o
a
n
al
y
ze
u
s
e
r
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
u
ch
as
in
an
al
y
zi
n
g
i
n
te
n
ti
o
n
s
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
Z
o
o
m
p
lat
f
o
r
m
[
2
2
]
a
n
d
m
et
av
e
r
s
e
-
b
ase
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
804
-
8
1
6
806
in
t
en
ti
o
n
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
Z
o
o
m
p
l
atf
o
r
m
,
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
les
f
r
o
m
T
AM
w
er
e
u
s
ed
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
,
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e
,
a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
r
a
l
i
n
te
n
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
m
et
a
v
e
r
s
e
-
b
ase
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
u
s
e
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
a
r
i
ab
les
b
u
t
a
d
d
e
d
o
n
e
n
ew
v
ar
i
a
b
le
r
e
lat
e
d
t
o
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
i
n
n
o
v
ati
o
n
i
n
th
e
I
T
f
i
el
d
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
D
&
M
I
SS
M
i
n
an
al
y
zi
n
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
was
a
ls
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ly
c
ar
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
s
e
v
e
r
al
o
f
i
ts
v
a
r
i
ab
les
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
p
l
at
f
o
r
m
q
u
al
it
y
p
o
s
it
iv
el
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
es
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
o
n
li
n
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
4
]
.
E
a
c
h
m
o
d
el
h
as
v
a
r
ia
b
l
es
th
at
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
e
v
al
u
ate
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Us
in
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
m
o
d
el
wi
ll
lim
i
t
t
h
e
v
a
r
ia
b
l
es th
at
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
in
t
h
e
T
A
M
m
o
d
el,
w
h
ic
h
o
n
l
y
h
as
t
h
r
ee
v
ar
ia
b
l
es,
a
n
d
Del
o
n
e
&
Mc
L
e
a
n
,
wh
i
ch
h
as
s
i
x
v
ar
i
a
b
les
,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
less
i
n
-
d
ep
th
s
y
s
te
m
ev
al
u
at
io
n
r
esu
lts
.
W
h
il
e
T
A
M
h
as
b
ee
n
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
in
ex
p
l
ai
n
i
n
g
m
an
y
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
e
(
i
.
e
.
,
e
-
le
a
r
n
in
g
,
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
an
d
w
e
b
p
o
r
t
als
)
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
is
r
ese
ar
c
h
,
o
t
h
e
r
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
s
li
k
e
t
h
e
h
ed
o
n
ic
-
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
m
o
d
el
(
HM
SA
M)
[
2
5
]
ar
e
s
u
i
ted
to
e
x
p
lai
n
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
p
u
r
el
y
i
n
t
r
i
n
s
ic
o
r
h
e
d
o
n
i
c
s
y
s
tem
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
o
n
li
n
e
g
a
m
es
,
m
u
s
ic
,
a
n
d
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
le
asu
r
e
)
.
Ot
h
e
r
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
s
a
r
e
r
ela
ti
v
el
y
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
T
AM
.
R
el
ate
d
to
DeL
o
n
e
&
M
cL
ea
n
,
o
t
h
e
r
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
s
[
2
6
]
,
l
ik
e
th
e
Gr
o
v
e
r
m
o
d
el
,
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
e
d
ex
te
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
m
a
r
k
et
im
p
ac
ts
,
wh
ic
h
is
n
o
t
s
u
it
ab
le
f
o
r
t
h
is
f
r
ee
le
ar
n
in
g
ap
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
Sm
it
h
s
o
n
-
Hi
r
s
c
h
h
ei
m
m
o
d
el
,
wh
i
ch
is
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
lt
t
o
ap
p
l
y
i
n
p
r
ac
ti
ce
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
ta
te
a
ct
u
a
l s
u
cc
ess
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
an
d
ass
o
c
i
ate
d
m
e
as
u
r
es.
Hid
ay
ah
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
a
n
aly
ze
d
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
T
A
M
an
d
D&
MI
SS
M
to
a
n
aly
z
e
th
e
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
AI
S)
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
th
r
ee
v
a
r
iab
les
f
r
o
m
T
AM
,
n
a
m
ely
p
er
ce
i
v
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d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
an
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
I
T
,
an
d
th
r
ee
f
r
o
m
D&
MI
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M,
n
am
ely
in
f
o
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m
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q
u
ality
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
d
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ce
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
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s
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t
an
d
d
atab
ase
ce
n
ter
.
Ad
e
y
em
i
an
d
I
s
s
a
[
2
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
tu
d
en
t
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
m
o
d
el
o
n
web
p
o
r
tals
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
T
AM
an
d
D&
MI
SS
M.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
ad
o
p
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
f
r
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m
T
AM
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
web
p
o
r
tals
an
d
p
r
ed
ict
s
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
u
s
er
s
atis
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.
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n
D&
MI
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th
e
v
ar
iab
les
s
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s
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u
ality
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i
n
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m
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at
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s
ex
ter
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v
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An
is
y
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
q
u
al
ity
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Ng
an
ju
k
s
m
ar
t
city
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
T
AM
an
d
D&
MI
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SM
ap
p
r
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ac
h
.
T
h
e
r
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lt
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f
q
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ality
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
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was
in
th
e
h
ig
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ca
teg
o
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co
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wh
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u
cc
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l
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was in
th
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teg
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%.
T
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e
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elo
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e
d
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c
o
m
b
i
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m
o
d
el
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f
T
AM
with
D
&
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to
an
aly
ze
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
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o
f
T
o
L
atin
u
s
er
s
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n
th
e
d
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m
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d
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ly
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f
ew
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s
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ased
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eir
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ad
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s
t
th
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o
n
d
itio
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L
atin
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T
ab
le
1
s
h
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ws
th
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n
d
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ar
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ased
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th
e
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r
e
r
ev
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lts
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o
L
atin
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an
o
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tio
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al
a
p
p
licatio
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in
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alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
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o
th
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n
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tio
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to
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s
e
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m
u
s
t
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e
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h
e
r
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ar
e
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en
v
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s
ed
in
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y
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ely
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tem
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n
d
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ta
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T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
r
atio
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ali
za
tio
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M
e
t
h
o
d
V
a
r
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a
b
l
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a
t
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t
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F
u
n
c
t
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TA
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P
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v
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s
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f
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A
p
p
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M
e
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sef
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e
r
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v
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e
a
s
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o
f
u
se
A
p
p
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su
r
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e
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s
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c
c
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t
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n
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o
f
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p
p
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e
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a
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D
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Lo
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f
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m
q
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m
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a
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y
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r
v
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o
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p
p
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a
p
p
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t
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sers.
I
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
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se
A
p
p
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M
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sa
g
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ser sa
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i
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a
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p
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M
e
a
su
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ser s
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t
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c
t
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n
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t
b
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f
i
t
N
o
t
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p
p
l
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e
t
B
e
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t
a
n
d
p
e
r
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v
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d
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s
e
f
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l
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h
a
v
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m
i
l
a
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t
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e
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n
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e
a
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r
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n
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t
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e
t
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
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p
l
a
c
e
d
b
y
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
u
sefu
l
n
e
ss.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
with
d
ata
co
llectio
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th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
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d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
B
u
lelen
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R
eg
en
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.
Data
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aly
s
is
u
s
ed
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e
im
p
o
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tan
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-
p
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f
o
r
m
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ce
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al
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is
(
I
PA)
m
eth
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r
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s
er
(
p
er
f
o
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m
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n
ce
)
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
I
PA
an
aly
s
is
g
av
e
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
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n
an
d
d
etec
ted
s
er
v
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e
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
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al
p
r
io
r
ities
th
at
n
ee
d
im
p
r
o
v
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t.
T
h
r
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es
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r
r
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u
t
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s
in
g
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m
eth
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,
n
am
ely
s
u
itab
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an
aly
s
is
,
g
ap
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
an
aly
s
is
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
b
y
p
r
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d
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cin
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to
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aly
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s
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ac
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p
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s
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tem
/p
r
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d
u
ct.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
wer
e
th
en
u
s
ed
as
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
at
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n
s
f
o
r
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d
u
ca
tio
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s
tak
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s
an
d
r
ese
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ch
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r
s
to
co
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s
id
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f
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r
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lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
T
o
L
atin
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
lear
n
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
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l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
To
La
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p
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cc
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lity e
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a
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(
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807
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Fig
u
r
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u
r
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.
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D&
MI
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M
2
.
1
.
I
nitia
l st
a
g
e
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e
,
o
b
s
er
v
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s
an
d
p
r
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b
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id
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tific
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n
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cte
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ir
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tly
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b
jects to
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b
tain
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f
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o
L
atin
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s
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y
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ig
h
s
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h
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l stu
d
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eg
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h
e
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lts
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s
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ct
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liter
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r
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ev
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atin
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h
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ts
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er
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ed
as th
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b
asis
f
o
r
f
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m
u
latin
g
t
h
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to
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ied
.
2
.
2
.
P
l
a
nn
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g
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T
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r
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en
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f
T
o
L
atin
u
s
er
s
,
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ep
r
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les
wer
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Slo
v
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o
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m
u
la.
T
h
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
co
ef
f
icien
t su
g
g
ested
in
th
e
r
esear
c
h
was 9
5
%,
s
o
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
an
er
r
o
r
r
ate
o
f
5
%
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
all
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
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u
lelen
g
R
eg
en
cy
,
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ali,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
i
n
th
e
2
0
2
4
/2
0
2
5
ac
ad
em
ic
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ea
r
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
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ain
d
a
ta
o
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ed
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ca
tio
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Dap
o
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ik
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ap
p
licatio
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[
3
5
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,
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er
e
wer
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1
0
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2
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8
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ti
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e
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tu
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en
ts
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0
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4
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2
5
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ad
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ic
y
e
ar
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
Slo
v
in
f
o
r
m
u
la
[
3
6
]
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
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a
s
r
esp
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en
ts
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o
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th
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ch
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eter
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o
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(
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=
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1
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R
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en
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wh
o
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o
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atin
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h
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r
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en
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s
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im
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le
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n
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o
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s
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m
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h
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e
,
n
am
ely
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y
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o
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ly
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le
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em
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er
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t
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a
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tr
ata
in
t
h
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o
p
u
latio
n
to
a
v
o
id
b
iases
[
3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
R
esp
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n
d
en
ts
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e
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an
d
o
m
ly
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elec
ted
f
r
o
m
2
9
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ig
h
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ch
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ls
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u
lelen
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en
cy
,
wh
ic
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h
av
e
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n
ag
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1
5
-
1
8
y
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r
s
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
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r
o
r
s
d
u
e
to
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
le
s
elec
tio
n
,
s
elec
tin
g
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
also
in
v
o
lv
e
d
t
h
e
B
alin
ese
teac
h
er
wo
r
k
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
(
MG
MP)
o
f
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u
lelen
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R
eg
en
cy
in
ea
c
h
s
ch
o
o
l
in
p
r
o
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id
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tu
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t
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o
m
m
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s
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em
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atin
g
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o
r
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D
a
t
a
w
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
804
-
8
1
6
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r
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tal
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o
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ia
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les
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
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e
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ig
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tr
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m
en
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ev
iate.
On
e
o
f
th
e
v
alid
ity
test
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
was
Pear
s
o
n
'
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
-
m
o
m
e
n
t
.
I
n
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
u
le,
wh
er
e
if
r
co
u
n
t
>
r
tab
le,
th
e
n
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
was
v
alid
;
if
r
co
u
n
t
<
r
tab
le,
th
en
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t u
s
ed
was n
o
t
v
alid
[
4
2
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
te
s
tin
g
d
eter
m
in
es
wh
eth
er
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
ir
ec
ts
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
ce
r
tain
an
s
wer
ch
o
ices.
A
g
o
o
d
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
ce
r
tain
an
s
wer
ch
o
ices
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
with
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
s
aid
to
b
e
r
eliab
le
if
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
>0
.
7
[
4
3
]
.
Af
ter
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
o
n
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
was
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
th
e
I
PA
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
i
)
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
,
ii
)
g
ap
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
iii
)
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
a
n
aly
s
is
[
3
2
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
S
u
itab
ilit
y
a
n
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
t
o
co
m
p
ar
e
an
o
b
ject'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
alu
e
to
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
ex
p
ec
t
atio
n
o
r
lev
el
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
wa
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
lev
el
to
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
lev
el
o
f
a
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
ich
attr
ib
u
tes
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
io
r
itiz
ed
.
A
g
o
o
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
h
as
a
s
u
itab
ilit
y
lev
el
o
f
1
0
0
%
[
4
5
]
.
In
(
2
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
lev
el
an
aly
s
is
ca
lcu
latio
n
[
4
6
]
,
wh
e
r
e
Tki
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
To
La
tin
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
cc
ep
t
a
b
i
lity e
va
lu
a
tio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t B
a
li
n
ese
s
crip
t
…
(
Lu
h
Jo
n
i E
r
a
w
a
ti De
w
i
)
809
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t’
s
s
u
itab
ilit
y
l
ev
el,
Xi
is
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
co
r
e,
an
d
Yi
i
s
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t'
s
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t sco
r
e.
=
×
100%
(
2
)
Gap
an
aly
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
s
er
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ex
p
ec
te
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
was
g
o
o
d
if
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
e
t
th
e
u
s
er
’s
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
g
ap
h
a
d
a
v
alu
e
o
f
Qi
≥
0
.
Oth
er
th
a
n
th
at
v
alu
e
,
s
er
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
s
tated
as
n
o
t
m
ee
ti
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
o
r
Qi
<
0
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
.
Gap
lev
el
a
n
aly
s
is
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
,
wh
er
e
Qi
(
Gap
)
is
t
h
e
g
ap
lev
el,
P
e
r
f
(
i)
is
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
s
er
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
I
mp
(
i)
is
th
e
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ex
p
e
cted
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
–
(
)
(
3
)
Qu
ad
r
an
t
a
n
aly
s
is
id
en
tifie
d
i
tem
s
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
io
r
itize
d
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
a
n
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
attr
ib
u
tes
wer
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
X
-
ax
is
an
d
th
e
Y
-
ax
is
[
4
6
]
,
[
4
9
]
.
I
PA q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t a
n
aly
s
is
was d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
q
u
a
d
r
an
ts
o
f
th
e
C
ar
tesi
an
d
iag
r
am
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
th
e
C
ar
tesi
an
d
iag
r
am
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fro
m
th
e
co
llected
3
8
5
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
d
ata,
th
er
e
wer
e
s
ev
er
al
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
u
ch
as
ag
e
an
d
g
en
d
e
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
.
B
ased
o
n
a
g
e,
th
e
r
e
wer
e
3
0
1
5
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
7
.
7
9
%),
1
7
5
1
6
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
4
5
.
4
5
%),
1
3
0
1
7
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
3
3
.
7
7
%),
an
d
5
0
1
8
-
y
ea
r
-
o
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
1
2
.
9
9
%).
B
ased
o
n
g
en
d
e
r
,
th
er
e
wer
e
2
2
5
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
5
8
.
4
4
%)
an
d
1
6
0
f
e
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
4
1
.
5
6
%).
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
b
y
ag
e
an
d
g
en
d
e
r
3
.
1
.
Va
lid
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
t
est
re
s
ults
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
s
aid
to
b
e
v
alid
if
r
co
u
n
t
>
r
tab
le.
T
h
e
r
tab
le
v
alu
e
was
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
m
o
m
en
t
with
3
8
5
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
5
%,
wh
ich
was
0
.
1
1
3
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
d
ec
lar
ed
v
alid
if
th
e
r
co
u
n
t
>0
.
1
1
3
.
Oth
er
wis
e,
it
was
d
e
clar
ed
in
v
alid
.
T
a
b
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
v
alid
ity
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
v
alid
i
ty
test
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
all
in
d
icat
o
r
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
v
alid
ity
test
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
T
ab
le
4
,
it c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
all
s
tatem
en
ts
0
50
100
150
200
250
15 Y
e
ar
s
16 Y
e
ar
s
17 Y
e
ar
s
18 Y
e
ar
s
M
al
e
F
e
m
al
e
A
g
e
G
e
nd
e
r
F
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
Re
spo
ndent
cat
eg
or
i
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
804
-
8
1
6
810
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
in
d
icat
o
r
s
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
wer
e
v
alid
b
ec
au
s
e
r
co
u
n
t
>
r
tab
le,
wh
er
e
r
tab
le
wa
s
eq
u
al
to
0
.
1
1
3
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
o
n
all
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
al
l
s
t
atem
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
in
d
icato
r
s
in
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
ai
r
e
wer
e
r
eliab
le.
I
t
was
s
h
o
wn
b
y
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
a
l
p
h
a
v
alu
es
o
n
all
in
d
icato
r
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
0
.
7
.
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
.
T
ab
le
4
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
v
alid
ity
test
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
r
c
o
u
n
t
r
t
a
b
l
e
S
t
a
t
u
s
r
c
o
u
n
t
r
t
a
b
l
e
S
t
a
t
u
s
I
Q
1
0.
5
2
2
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
3
3
7
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
I
Q
2
0.
5
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
4
5
2
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
I
Q
3
0.
3
9
1
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
2
6
7
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
I
Q
4
0.
5
2
1
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
3
6
5
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
S
y
sQ
1
0.
5
4
9
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
4
2
2
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
S
y
sQ
2
0.
4
9
8
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
4
2
4
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
S
y
sQ
3
0.
5
4
8
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
4
4
1
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
I
U
1
0.
5
0
3
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
0.
4
4
4
0
.
1
1
3
V
a
l
i
d
I
U
2
0.
4
6
4
0
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3
.
2
.
I
m
po
r
t
a
nce
perf
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
na
ly
s
is
re
s
ults
A
f
t
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
v
a
l
i
d
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t
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n
d
r
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t
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p
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h
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t
h
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e
q
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t
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o
n
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d
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t
a
f
r
o
m
3
8
5
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
I
P
A
m
et
h
o
d
:
s
u
i
t
a
b
il
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
,
g
a
p
a
n
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l
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s
is
,
a
n
d
q
u
a
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s
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s
.
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s
u
it
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it
y
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p
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ts
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p
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i
o
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n
B
a
li
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e
s
e
s
c
r
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p
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l
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a
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n
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a
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t
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t
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es
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G
a
p
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a
p
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'
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.
Q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
w
as
d
o
n
e
b
y
m
a
p
p
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p
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r
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t
y
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a
c
h
a
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p
t
a
n
c
e
i
n
d
ic
a
t
o
r
i
n
t
o
f
o
u
r
q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
s
w
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t
h
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
c
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n
t
h
e
X
a
x
is
a
n
d
i
m
p
o
r
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a
n
c
e
o
n
th
e
Y
a
x
i
s
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Su
it
a
bil
it
y
a
na
ly
s
is
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
m
a
d
e
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
lev
el
in
t
h
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ice.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
u
itab
il
ity
lev
els
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
in
ter
est
f
o
r
all
in
d
icato
r
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
at
h
as b
e
en
d
o
n
e,
it c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
8
7
.
9
1
%.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
s
h
o
ws
th
at
o
v
er
all,
it
was
s
till
u
n
d
er
1
0
0
%,
o
r
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
was
<1
0
0
%.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
s
till
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
o
r
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
m
et
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
,
wh
o
wer
e
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
B
u
lelen
g
R
eg
en
cy
.
So
,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ic
e
q
u
ality
was
s
til
l
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ee
t th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
/ex
p
ec
tat
io
n
s
o
f
T
o
L
atin
a
p
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
s
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
G
a
p a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
g
ap
was
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
wee
n
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
T
ab
le
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
in
ter
est
g
ap
s
in
all
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
was
s
aid
to
b
e
g
o
o
d
i
f
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
et
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
with
a
g
ap
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
alu
e
o
r
≥
0
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
was
s
aid
to
b
e
lack
in
g
o
r
h
a
d
n
o
t
m
et
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
er
s
if
th
e
g
ap
was
n
e
g
ativ
e
o
r
<0
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
a
p
p
licatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
p
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
s
ev
en
ac
ce
p
tan
c
e
v
ar
iab
les
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
n
eg
ativ
e
v
alu
es.
Fr
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
lev
el
o
f
g
ap
o
f
all
v
ar
ia
b
les
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
g
ap
v
alu
e
o
f
-
0
.
5
4
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
,
wh
ic
h
id
ea
lly
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e.
So
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
was
s
till
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
n
ee
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t in
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ice'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
o
s
u
it th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
T
o
L
atin
a
p
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
To
La
tin
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
cc
ep
t
a
b
i
lity e
va
lu
a
tio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t B
a
li
n
ese
s
crip
t
…
(
Lu
h
Jo
n
i E
r
a
w
a
ti De
w
i
)
811
T
ab
le
6
.
L
e
v
el
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
s
c
o
r
e
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
s
c
o
r
e
Le
v
e
l
o
f
s
u
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
Q
1
1
5
4
5
1
7
3
9
8
8
.
84
8
8
.
49
I
Q
2
1
5
1
6
1
7
0
0
8
9
.
18
I
Q
3
1
5
2
9
1
7
3
7
8
8
.
03
I
Q
4
1
4
9
9
1
7
0
5
8
7
.
92
S
y
sQ
1
1
5
0
2
1
7
0
5
8
8
.
09
8
7
.
75
S
y
sQ
2
1
5
1
7
1
7
2
2
8
8
.
10
S
y
sQ
3
1
5
0
7
1
7
3
1
8
7
.
06
I
U
1
1
5
2
9
1
7
2
8
8
8
.
48
8
8
.
16
I
U
2
1
5
1
7
1
7
2
7
8
7
.
84
U
S
1
1
5
0
9
1
7
0
6
8
8
.
45
8
7
.
90
U
S
2
1
4
9
7
1
7
1
4
8
7
.
34
U
S
3
1
5
0
3
1
7
1
0
8
7
.
89
P
U
1
1
5
0
0
1
7
0
6
8
7
.
92
8
7
.
16
P
U
2
1
4
8
6
1
7
1
2
8
6
.
80
P
U
3
1
5
2
2
1
7
3
6
8
7
.
67
P
U
4
1
4
8
0
1
7
1
6
8
6
.
25
P
EU
1
1
5
0
1
1
6
9
9
8
8
.
35
8
7
.
89
P
EU
2
1
5
1
7
1
7
2
9
8
7
.
74
P
EU
3
1
4
8
9
1
7
0
0
8
7
.
59
A
C
C
1
1
4
9
4
1
7
0
3
8
7
.
73
8
8
.
03
A
C
C
2
1
5
2
2
1
7
2
3
8
8
.
33
T
ab
le
7
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
g
ap
lev
els
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
M
e
a
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
M
e
a
n
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
Le
v
e
l
o
f
t
h
e
g
a
p
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
Q
1
4
.
0
1
3
4
.
5
1
7
-
0
.
5
0
-
0
.
5
1
I
Q
2
3
.
9
3
8
4
.
4
1
6
-
0
.
4
8
I
Q
3
3
.
9
7
1
4
.
5
1
2
-
0
.
5
4
I
Q
4
3
.
8
9
4
4
.
4
2
9
-
0
.
5
4
S
y
sQ
1
3
.
9
0
1
4
.
4
2
9
-
0
.
5
3
-
0
.
5
5
S
y
sQ
2
3
.
9
4
0
4
.
4
7
3
-
0
.
5
3
S
y
sQ
3
3
.
9
1
4
4
.
4
9
6
-
0
.
5
8
I
U
1
3
.
9
7
1
4
.
4
8
8
-
0
.
5
2
-
0
.
5
3
I
U
2
3
.
9
4
0
4
.
4
8
6
-
0
.
5
5
U
S
1
3
.
9
1
9
4
.
4
3
1
-
0
.
5
1
-
0
.
5
4
U
S
2
3
.
8
8
8
4
.
4
5
2
-
0
.
5
6
U
S
3
3
.
9
0
4
4
.
4
4
2
-
0
.
5
4
P
U
1
3
.
8
9
6
4
.
4
3
1
-
0
.
5
4
-
0
.
5
7
P
U
2
3
.
8
6
0
4
.
4
4
7
-
0
.
5
9
P
U
3
3
.
9
5
3
4
.
5
0
9
-
0
.
5
6
P
U
4
3
.
8
4
4
4
.
4
5
7
-
0
.
6
1
P
EU
1
3
.
8
9
9
4
.
4
1
3
-
0
.
5
1
-
0
.
5
4
P
EU
2
3
.
9
4
0
4
.
4
9
1
-
0
.
5
5
P
EU
3
3
.
8
6
8
4
.
4
1
6
-
0
.
5
5
A
C
C
1
3
.
8
8
1
4
.
4
2
3
-
0
.
5
4
-
0
.
5
3
A
C
C
2
3
.
9
5
3
4
.
4
7
5
-
0
.
5
2
3
.
2
.
3
.
Q
ua
dra
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
Qu
ad
r
an
t
an
aly
s
is
was
d
o
n
e
b
y
m
ap
p
in
g
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
o
f
ea
ch
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
in
d
icato
r
in
to
f
o
u
r
q
u
ad
r
a
n
ts
.
T
h
e
I
PA
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
r
esu
lt
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
X
-
ax
is
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
n
th
e
Y
-
ax
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
m
ap
p
in
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
q
u
ad
r
an
ts
o
n
th
e
C
ar
tesi
an
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
T
o
L
atin
.
Qu
ad
r
an
t
I
was
th
e
m
ain
p
r
io
r
ity
,
an
d
u
s
er
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
is
q
u
ad
r
an
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
b
u
t
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
id
n
o
t
m
ee
t
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
Sy
s
Q3
i
n
d
icato
r
in
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
I
was
th
e
m
ain
p
r
io
r
ity
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
T
o
L
atin
s
er
v
i
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Sy
s
Q3
was
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
wh
er
e
u
s
er
s
f
elt
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
esen
te
d
s
o
m
eth
i
n
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
.
Qu
ad
r
an
t
I
I
s
h
o
ws
in
d
icato
r
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
y
u
s
er
s
,
an
d
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
g
o
o
d
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
th
o
s
e
in
d
icato
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
ain
tain
ed
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
g
o
o
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices
th
at
m
ee
t
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
I
n
d
icato
r
s
in
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
I
I
wer
e
i
)
I
Q1
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
m
p
leten
ess
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
es;
ii
)
I
Q3
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
;
iii
)
Sy
s
Q2
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
;
iv
)
I
U1
r
elate
d
to
h
o
w
o
f
te
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
was
u
s
ed
;
v
)
I
U2
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
u
s
e;
vi
)
PU3
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
;
v
ii
)
PEU2
r
ela
ted
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
tr
a
n
s
liter
atio
n
r
esu
lts
;
an
d
v
iii
)
AC
C
2
is
r
elate
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
u
s
e.
Qu
ad
r
an
t
I
I
I
s
h
o
ws
in
d
icato
r
s
with
lo
w
p
r
io
r
ity
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
y
wer
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
n
o
t
to
o
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
d
icato
r
s
in
th
is
q
u
ad
r
an
t
d
o
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
p
r
io
r
iti
ze
d
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
ar
e
lo
w.
I
n
d
i
ca
to
r
s
in
q
u
ad
r
an
t
I
I
I
wer
e
i
)
I
Q4
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
t
o
t
h
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
lear
n
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t;
ii
)
Sy
s
Q1
,
wh
ich
w
as
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
in
tr
an
s
liter
atin
g
;
iii
)
US2
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
;
iv
)
US3
,
wh
ic
h
was
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
;
v
)
PU1
,
wh
ich
was r
elate
d
to
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
th
at
lear
n
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
ca
n
b
e
f
aster
;
vi
)
PU2
,
wh
ic
h
was
r
elate
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
u
s
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
lear
n
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t,
v
ii
)
PU4
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
to
f
ac
ilit
a
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t;
v
iii
)
PEU1
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
to
u
s
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
;
ix
)
PEU3
,
wh
ich
was
r
el
ated
to
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
lea
r
n
in
g
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t;
an
d
x
)
AC
C
1
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
to
m
ee
tin
g
u
s
e
r
ex
p
ec
t
atio
n
s
.
Qu
ad
r
an
t
I
V
ten
d
s
to
b
e
o
v
e
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
er
e
th
is
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
c
o
n
tain
s
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
th
at
u
s
er
s
co
n
s
id
er
lo
w.
I
n
d
i
ca
to
r
s
in
q
u
ad
r
an
t
I
V
wer
e
i
)
US1
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
e;
an
d
ii
)
I
Q2
,
wh
ich
was
r
elate
d
to
th
e
e
ase
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
tcu
ts
o
f
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
k
ey
b
o
a
r
d
wh
e
n
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
r
s
p
ec
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
in
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t.
As
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
th
r
ee
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
th
e
I
PA
,
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
till
n
ee
d
s
to
m
ee
t
u
s
er
s
'
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
s
u
it
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
7
.
9
1
%,
an
d
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
g
a
p
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
-
0
.
5
4
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
T
o
L
atin
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
s
till
n
ee
d
s
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ice
to
s
u
it th
e
in
ter
ests
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
atin
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
u
s
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
804
-
8
1
6
812
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
I
PA q
u
ad
r
an
t
3.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
es
th
e
lev
el
o
f
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
o
f
T
o
L
atin
as
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
B
alin
ese
-
to
-
L
atin
tr
an
s
liter
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
au
th
o
r
s
'
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
a
r
ea
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
ap
p
licatio
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
as
th
e
o
b
ject
o
f
t
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Acc
ep
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
T
AM
-
DeL
o
n
e
&
Mc
L
ea
n
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
tin
u
ed
with
s
u
itab
ilit
y
,
g
ap
,
an
d
q
u
ad
r
an
t
an
aly
s
is
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
a
g
o
o
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
h
as
a
s
u
itab
ilit
y
lev
el
o
f
1
0
0
%
[
4
4
]
,
an
d
th
e
g
ap
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
alu
e
o
f
Qi
≥
0
[
4
8
]
.
W
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
was
n
o
t
y
et
o
p
tim
al,
with
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
v
alu
e
o
f
8
7
.
9
1
%,
a
n
d
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
le
v
e
l
o
f
g
a
p
was
-
0
.
5
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ten
d
s
to
h
av
e
an
in
o
r
d
i
n
ately
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
d
i
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
'
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
wh
er
e
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
q
u
ad
r
an
t
an
aly
s
is
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
m
o
d
el
we
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
s
e
v
en
v
ar
iab
les
with
2
1
in
d
icato
r
s
h
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ev
alu
ated
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
was
n
o
t
o
p
tim
al,
wh
er
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
co
u
ld
b
e
p
r
io
r
itized
o
n
th
e
Sy
s
Q3
in
d
i
ca
to
r
in
q
u
ad
r
a
n
t
I
.
User
s
f
elt
th
at
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
esen
ted
s
o
m
eth
i
n
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
o
r
lear
n
i
n
g
th
e
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
till
h
as
lim
itatio
n
s
,
as
th
e
d
etails
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
to
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
.
Deta
ils
o
f
th
ese
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
o
t
h
er
ev
alu
a
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
e
n
d
-
u
s
er
s
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
ex
p
er
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
u
s
er
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
is
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Usab
ilit
y
ev
a
l
u
atio
n
is
a
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ev
alu
atin
g
h
o
w
well
u
s
er
s
ca
n
lear
n
an
d
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
h
o
w
s
atis
f
ied
u
s
er
s
ar
e
with
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
it
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
elt
b
y
u
s
er
s
[
5
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
t
an
aly
s
is
[
5
2
]
–
[
5
4
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
ia
b
les
in
t
h
e
T
A
M
an
d
th
e
Delo
n
e
&
Mc
lean
co
m
b
in
atio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
an
aly
s
is
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
/p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
5
5
]
a
n
d
also
d
eter
m
i
n
es
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
t
h
er
v
a
r
iab
les th
at
af
f
ec
t u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
5
6
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ac
ce
p
ta
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
B
u
lelen
g
R
eg
en
cy
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
b
iq
u
it
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
o
f
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
s
h
o
w
th
at
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
was
n
o
t
y
et
o
p
tim
al.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
u
i
tab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
8
7
.
9
1
%,
wh
ic
h
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
till
n
ee
d
ed
to
m
ee
t
w
h
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
B
u
lelen
g
R
eg
en
cy
,
ex
p
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
g
ap
a
n
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
s
ev
en
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
v
ar
ia
b
les
u
s
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
n
eg
ativ
e
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
lev
el
o
f
g
ap
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
-
0
.
5
4
,
wh
e
r
e
a
n
eg
ativ
e
g
a
p
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
a
tin
ap
p
licatio
n
was
n
o
t
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
So
,
it
is
s
til
l
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
to
m
ee
t
th
e
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
q
u
a
d
r
an
t
a
n
aly
s
is
,
th
e
m
a
in
p
r
io
r
ity
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
T
o
L
atin
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ice
c
an
b
e
d
o
n
e
o
n
th
e
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
(
Sy
s
Q3
)
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
v
ar
ia
b
le.
T
h
is
in
d
icato
r
ca
n
b
e
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
ad
d
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
l
ea
r
n
in
g
b
etter
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
till
h
as
l
im
itatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
d
etailed
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
o
r
u
s
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
el.
Fu
r
th
er
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
u
s
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
To
La
tin
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
cc
ep
t
a
b
i
lity e
va
lu
a
tio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t B
a
li
n
ese
s
crip
t
…
(
Lu
h
Jo
n
i E
r
a
w
a
ti De
w
i
)
813
with
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
s
tatis
t
ical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
ia
b
les
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
.
A
CK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
u
s
e
d
as
th
e
o
b
ject
f
o
r
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
,
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
L
aw
an
d
Hu
m
a
n
R
ig
h
ts
an
d
g
r
an
ted
a
c
o
p
y
r
ig
h
t
ce
r
tific
ate
with
No
.
0
0
0
4
9
4
2
9
1
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Scien
ce
,
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
R
esear
ch
Gr
an
t
i
n
th
e
a
r
ea
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
lo
ca
l
wis
d
o
m
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
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