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p
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Stru
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b
eh
av
io
r
is
th
e
r
ea
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r
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p
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d
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b
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g
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f
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ce
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
esp
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s
e
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ass
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ciate
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w
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in
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ic
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s
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s
tiff
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ess
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tr
en
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,
an
d
d
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tili
ty
[
2]
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
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r
ee
o
f
r
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s
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th
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s
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ates
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lo
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r
r
ied
o
u
t
t
h
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e
x
p
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im
en
tal
test
s
u
n
d
e
r
b
o
t
h
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
s
tatic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
walls
an
d
th
e
lik
e,
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
u
f
f
icien
t stre
n
g
th
an
d
d
u
ctility
to
en
s
u
r
e
o
v
er
all
s
af
ety
u
n
d
e
r
s
eismic
f
o
r
ce
s
[
4
]
.
Sin
ce
Per
u
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t seis
m
ically
ac
tiv
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
t
h
e
a
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
m
eth
o
d
s
o
r
ad
v
an
c
ed
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ty
p
e
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t m
eth
o
d
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
in
o
r
d
er
to
as
s
ess
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
g
en
e
r
ated
i
n
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
ev
en
tu
alities
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
ev
e
n
ts
[
6
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
i
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
s
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ese
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
allo
ws
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
ad
s
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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14
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3
,
Sep
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20
25
:
711
-
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2
3
712
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s
tep
p
ed
,
a
n
d
co
ate
d
with
a
co
m
p
ac
t m
ix
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sid
e
v
iew
o
f
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il wa
ll u
n
d
er
t
h
e
T
er
r
am
esh
® sy
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Plan
v
iew
o
f
th
e
l
o
c
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il wa
ll u
n
d
er
th
e
T
e
r
r
am
esh
s
y
s
tem
®
T
h
is
wall
was
d
esig
n
ed
as
a
co
n
tain
m
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
th
e
b
ac
k
f
ill
s
o
il
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
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te
el
an
d
r
ein
f
o
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ce
d
co
n
c
r
ete
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
with
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
s
to
r
ag
e
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
(
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
d
ea
d
lo
a
d
s
)
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
t
r
ailer
lo
a
d
s
(
tr
an
s
it
o
r
y
liv
e
lo
ad
s
)
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
r
,
Ma
cc
af
er
r
i,
u
s
in
g
Ma
cstar
s
s
o
f
twar
e,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
with
th
e
lim
it
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
m
eth
o
d
.
Ver
if
ica
tio
n
o
f
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
ter
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
was
co
n
tem
p
lated
,
as
well
as
g
lo
b
al
s
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
tatic
an
d
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
ese
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic
s
tab
ilit
y
v
er
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
in
th
e
wall
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
eismic
ac
tio
n
.
I
n
a
r
elate
d
co
n
tex
t,
ea
r
lier
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
asp
ec
ts
th
at
alig
n
with
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Xu
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
s
eismic
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
walls
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
h
ak
i
n
g
tab
le
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
T
h
e
y
em
p
h
asized
th
at
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
am
p
lific
atio
n
in
th
e
u
p
p
er
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
wall,
as
well
as
th
e
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
p
ea
k
later
al
ea
r
th
p
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
in
er
tial f
o
r
ce
ac
tin
g
o
n
th
e
b
ac
k
f
ill,
ca
n
lead
to
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
Similar
ly
,
L
in
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
i
n
v
e
s
tig
ated
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
a
f
lex
i
b
le
g
eo
g
r
id
-
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
l
o
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
n
o
ted
t
h
a
t
th
e
wall'
s
d
y
n
am
ic
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ib
r
atio
n
cy
c
les,
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
,
an
d
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
th
e
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
.
As
th
e
lo
ad
am
p
litu
d
e
in
cr
ea
s
es,
d
y
n
am
ic
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
,
an
d
af
ter
a
cu
m
u
lativ
e
v
ib
r
atio
n
o
f
2
0
0
×1
0
⁻¹
tim
es,
b
o
th
th
e
later
al
an
d
v
er
tical
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
r
atio
s
o
f
th
e
wall
f
ac
e
r
e
m
ain
u
n
d
er
1
%.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
Ham
d
i
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
s
ettlem
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
an
d
y
f
ill
s
o
il
b
eh
in
d
th
e
r
etain
in
g
wall
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
s
,
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
s
af
et
y
(
F
o
S),
an
d
as
th
e
l
o
ad
in
cr
e
ases
f
r
o
m
0
k
P
a
to
1
0
0
k
Pa,
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
it is
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
id
-
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
r
etain
in
g
wall
is
u
n
s
tab
le
wh
en
lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
es
ex
ce
ed
9
0
k
Pa.
T
h
e
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
r
eq
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
s
tab
ilit
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
eq
u
al
to
1
.
5.
W
ith
in
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
J
o
h
ar
i
an
d
Ma
r
o
u
f
i
[
1
5
]
co
n
d
u
cted
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
a
g
eo
g
r
id
-
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
r
etain
in
g
wall
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
was
to
ass
e
s
s
later
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t,
ca
lcu
lated
as
t
h
e
r
atio
b
etwe
en
th
e
allo
wab
le
later
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
wall’
s
m
ax
im
u
m
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
F
o
S
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
eo
g
r
id
;
s
p
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
g
eo
g
r
id
is
lo
ca
ted
n
ea
r
e
r
to
th
e
t
o
p
o
f
th
e
wall.
I
n
a
r
elate
d
s
tu
d
y
,
L
u
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
s
eismic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
s
teel
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
u
tf
itted
with
p
r
ec
ast
ex
ter
n
al
walls
an
d
a
n
ewly
d
esig
n
ed
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Nu
m
er
ical
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
AB
AQUS
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
ec
ast
wa
lls
an
d
th
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
p
r
ec
ast
e
x
ter
n
al
walls
an
d
th
e
n
ew
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
d
esig
n
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
s
eismic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
teel
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
estre
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
ce
o
f
th
e
to
p
jo
i
n
t
b
o
lts
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
o
n
ly
a
m
in
o
r
ef
f
ec
t
,
s
lig
h
tly
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
s
tr
ess
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
teel
f
r
am
e
an
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
jo
in
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
Ak
b
ar
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
a
n
aly
ze
d
th
e
s
eismic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
ea
r
th
r
etain
in
g
walls
with
g
eo
g
r
id
s
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
f
in
i
te
elem
en
t
m
o
d
elin
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e,
th
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
S
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l b
eh
a
vio
r
o
f rein
fo
r
ce
d
s
o
il w
a
lls
u
n
d
er seis
mic
lo
a
d
s
(
R
ey
n
a
l
d
o
Melq
u
ia
d
es R
e
ye
s
R
o
q
u
e
)
713
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
m
o
d
elin
g
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
g
e
o
g
r
id
s
(
T
er
r
am
esh
®
s
y
s
tem
)
as
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
etain
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
in
a
s
im
u
lated
s
eismic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
ev
id
en
tly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
g
eo
g
r
id
-
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
walls
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
an
d
r
eso
r
ted
to
s
im
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
els.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
with
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
s
,
as
well
as
in
s
im
u
lated
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
in
th
e
s
am
e
s
p
ac
e
an
d
tim
e,
wa
s
lack
in
g
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
s
p
ec
if
ically
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
th
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
is
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
u
s
in
g
Plax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
twar
e.
Seis
m
o
s
o
f
t
s
o
f
twar
e
is
also
u
s
ed
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l,
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
o
b
tain
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
o
b
jecti
v
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
a
g
eo
g
r
id
-
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
(
T
er
r
am
e
s
h
®
s
y
s
tem
)
u
n
d
er
s
tatic,
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic,
an
d
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
-
s
im
u
lated
s
eismic
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
wer
e
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
in
th
e
later
al
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ei
s
m
ic
lo
ad
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
later
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
s
ta
tic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
o
f
a
s
h
o
p
p
i
n
g
ce
n
ter
i
n
T
r
u
jill
o
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
in
th
e
s
ettlem
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
eismic
lo
ad
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
ettlem
e
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tat
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
o
f
a
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ce
n
ter
in
T
r
u
jill
o
was d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
ca
lcu
lated
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
lo
a
d
was
s
p
ec
if
ied
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
a
d
v
an
ce
s
in
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
h
av
e
o
p
en
e
d
u
p
a
f
ield
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
an
aly
tic
al
tech
n
iq
u
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
r
ef
in
em
en
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
eso
lv
e
cr
itical
s
itu
atio
n
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
g
eo
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
eism
ic
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
ater
ial
co
n
s
titu
tiv
e
m
o
d
els
an
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
p
o
r
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
s
es
o
f
an
y
ty
p
e
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
m
ix
e
d
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
8
]
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
[
1
9
]
,
with
a
n
o
n
-
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
[
2
0
]
o
f
an
aly
tical
-
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
co
p
e
[
2
1
]
.
Similar
ly
,
a
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
Plax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
twar
e,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
S
eismo
s
o
f
t
,
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
o
b
tain
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
I
t
wa
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
two
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
b
o
th
in
th
e
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
s
tate
s
,
to
th
en
co
m
p
a
r
e
an
d
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
an
d
s
im
ilar
ities
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at,
tech
n
ically
,
th
is
is
a
s
tu
d
y
f
r
am
e
d
with
in
th
e
g
u
id
eli
n
es
o
f
g
eo
tech
n
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
an
aly
s
is
with
f
in
ite
elem
en
ts
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
a
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
s
eism
ic
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
o
il
wall
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
with
t
h
e
T
er
r
a
m
esh
® sy
s
tem
.
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
a
d
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
wo
r
k
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
:
a
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
a
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
ed
as
a
b
asis
f
o
r
o
r
d
e
r
in
g
a
n
d
tab
u
latin
g
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
tain
e
d
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
[
2
2
]
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
b
u
ild
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
E
0
3
0
.
E
ar
th
q
u
a
k
e
-
r
esis
tan
t
d
esig
n
[
2
3
]
.
Plax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
is
s
o
f
twar
e
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
n
u
m
er
ical
m
atr
ix
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
[
2
4
]
.
Seis
m
o
Sig
n
al
V.
2
0
2
2
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
e
ctio
n
o
f
ac
ce
ler
o
g
r
am
s
[
2
5
]
.
Seis
m
o
Ma
tch
V.
2
0
2
2
s
o
f
twar
e
[
2
6
]
to
m
ak
e
th
e
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
s
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
e
E
0
3
0
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
wh
ich
h
a
s
a
r
etu
r
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
4
7
5
y
e
ar
s
,
an
d
a
cc
eler
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
r
ec
o
r
d
s
[
2
7
]
.
2
.
2
.
M
et
ho
ds
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
e
d
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
eth
o
d
s
:
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
[
2
8
]
,
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
o
n
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
an
aly
s
is
[
2
9
]
,
d
y
n
am
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
tim
e
-
h
is
to
r
y
m
o
d
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
[
3
0
]
,
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
o
u
t
s
eismic
lo
ad
(
O1
)
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
with
s
eismic
lo
ad
(
O2
)
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
as
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
estab
lis
h
es
two
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
an
o
r
am
as,
o
n
e
in
a
s
tatic
s
tate
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
Wo
rk
pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ix
(
6
)
p
h
ases
th
at
d
ev
e
lo
p
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ac
tiv
ities
:
i)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ite
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ar
r
a
n
g
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
ted
to
r
ea
lity
,
ii)
t
ec
to
n
i
cs
a
n
d
s
e
is
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
ii
i)
c
ali
b
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
o
d
els
i
n
f
i
n
i
te
e
le
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
,
i
v
)
s
tat
ic
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
w
all
,
v
)
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
T
e
r
r
a
m
es
h
®
wall
,
a
n
d
f
in
all
y
,
v
i
)
d
et
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
711
-
7
2
3
714
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
.
L
i
k
ew
is
e
,
it
c
o
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
a
cti
v
it
ies
,
el
em
e
n
ts
,
s
p
ec
i
f
i
ca
t
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
lim
ita
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
c
r
iti
ca
l
s
i
t
u
at
io
n
s
t
h
at
j
u
s
t
if
y
t
h
e
s
el
ec
t
io
n
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
ar
e
als
o
s
p
ec
if
i
ed
.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
at
a
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
s
o
f
twar
e,
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
eta
ils
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
m
o
d
elin
g
wer
e
f
o
r
m
ed
.
On
ce
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
wall
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
Plax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
twar
e.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
ac
ce
s
s
was
s
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tr
ess
es,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
h
ases
.
Stra
teg
ic
p
o
in
ts
wer
e
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ea
c
h
o
f
th
ese,
a
n
d
th
u
s
p
r
esen
t th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
o
d
el
was
ca
lib
r
ated
with
th
e
Pl
ax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
wall
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
d
with
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8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
711
-
7
2
3
716
3.
3
.
E
s
t
im
a
t
io
n o
f
lo
a
ds
s
up
po
rt
ed
by
t
he
wa
ll
3.
3
.
1
.
Dis
t
ribute
d lo
a
ds
No
r
m
alize
d
lo
ad
s
wer
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
o
th
e
2
D
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
a
1
.
0
0
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
.
First,
th
e
lo
ad
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
war
eh
o
u
s
e's
s
teel
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
elf
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
elec
tiv
e
r
ac
k
in
g
,
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
ese
wer
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
:
d
ea
d
lo
ad
(
DL
)
,
p
all
et
lo
ad
(
PL)
,
v
er
tical
im
p
ac
t
l
o
ad
s
p
er
o
p
er
atio
n
(
I
L
)
,
liv
e
lo
a
d
o
f
th
e
r
o
o
f
(
L
r
)
,
th
e
lo
ad
d
u
e
to
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic
s
eismic
ac
tio
n
(
E
l)
,
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
d
u
e
t
o
win
d
ac
tio
n
(
W
L
)
.
Six
(
6
)
c
o
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
wer
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
with
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
eir
m
ag
n
itu
d
e,
th
e
L
R
FD
-
C
OM
B
2
ar
r
an
g
em
en
t,
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
1
.
2
DL
+1
.
4
PL+
0
.
5
L
r
,
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
e
s
tatic
lo
ad
s
o
n
th
e
s
elf
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
elec
tiv
e
r
ac
k
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
4
.
3
1
t
n
/m
²=
4
3
.
1
k
N/
m
²
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
s
o
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
,
4
3
.
1
k
N/m
²
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
to
tal
lo
a
d
(
T
L
)
o
f
t
h
e
s
teel
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
wa
r
eh
o
u
s
e
(
p
ip
e
war
eh
o
u
s
e)
is
th
en
esti
m
ated
,
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ad
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
DL
a
n
d
t
h
e
liv
e
lo
ad
(
L
L
)
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
es.
T
h
e
LL
p
er
u
n
it
ar
ea
is
esti
m
ated
,
th
e
u
ltima
te
lo
ad
is
ca
lcu
lated
,
an
d
th
e
lo
a
d
en
v
elo
p
e
is
s
h
o
wn
.
T
L
o
f
th
e
p
ip
e
s
h
ed
:
=
20
+
10
=
30
/
2
=
0
.
03
/
2
=
0
.
3
/
2
=
30
+
30
.
94
=
60
.
94
/
2
=
0
.
6094
/
2
,
th
en
:
=
1
.
4
+
1
.
7
(
1
)
=
0
.
42
+
1
.
036
=
1
.
46
/
²
=
461
.
3
/
²
=
4
.
613
/
²
1
.
46
+
4
.
613
=
6
.
013
/
²
,
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
:
6
.
0
1
k
N
/m
²
.
L
o
ad
o
n
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
d
p
av
e
m
en
t
s
lab
,
m
ar
s
h
allin
g
y
ar
d
,
s
lab
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
2
0
m
with
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
co
n
cr
ete.
C
o
n
c
r
ete
weig
h
t=2
4
0
0
k
g
/m
³=
2
4
k
N/m
³.
W
eig
h
t
p
er
s
lab
th
ick
n
ess
=2
4
×0
.
2
0
=4
.
8
k
N/m
²,
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
,
th
is
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t to
4
.
8
0
k
N/m
².
Oth
er
lo
ad
s
to
co
n
s
id
er
ar
e
th
e
p
av
em
en
t
lo
a
d
s
in
th
e
m
ar
s
h
allin
g
y
ar
d
,
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
LL
,
an
d
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
lo
ad
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
p
av
em
en
t
s
lab
in
th
e
m
ar
s
h
alli
n
g
y
ar
d
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
,
it
is
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
to
4
.
8
0
k
N/m
³.
Fo
r
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
LL
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
lo
a
d
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
to
b
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
t
o
8
.
9
0
k
N/m
².
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
l
o
ad
,
as
s
p
ec
if
ied
i
n
Stan
d
ar
d
E
0
2
0
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
B
u
ild
in
g
R
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
LL
f
o
r
s
to
r
ag
e
is
5
.
0
0
k
Pa,
wh
ich
,
f
o
r
a
1
m
wid
e
s
tr
ip
,
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
to
5
.
0
0
k
N/m
.
T
h
e
to
tal
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
th
e
t
o
tal
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
lo
ad
s
wer
e
6
7
.
8
1
k
N/m
.
Po
in
t
lo
ad
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
p
er
im
e
ter
f
en
ce
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
a
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
1
m
:
R
ein
f
o
r
ce
co
n
cr
ete
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
:
0
.
6
×
0
.
6
×1
m
=0
.
3
m
³×
2
4
k
N/m
³=
8
.
6
4
k
N.
Ma
s
o
n
r
y
wall:
3
.
2
×
0
.
1
5
×1
m
=
0
.
4
8
m
³×
1
8
k
N/m
³=
8
.
6
4
k
N.
C
o
n
f
in
em
en
t
b
ea
m
:
2
×(
0
.
3
×0
.
2
5
×1
m
)
=0
.
1
5
m
³×
2
4
k
N
/m
³=
3
.
6
k
N.
T
o
tal
weig
h
t o
f
th
e
p
er
im
ete
r
f
en
ce
:
2
0
.
8
8
k
N.
T
a
b
le
3
s
h
o
ws a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
v
alu
es o
b
tain
ed
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
o
talizatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
esti
m
ated
lo
ad
s
Est
i
m
a
t
e
d
l
o
a
d
s
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
s
S
e
l
f
-
su
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
sel
e
c
t
i
v
e
r
a
c
k
4
3
.
1
0
k
N
/
m
N
a
v
e
t
u
b
e
st
6
.
0
1
k
N
/
m
P
a
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
n
e
u
v
e
r
i
n
g
y
a
r
d
4
.
8
0
k
N
/
m
Tr
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
l
o
a
d
8
.
9
0
k
N
/
m
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
o
a
d
5
.
0
0
k
N
/
m
To
t
a
l
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
l
o
a
d
s
6
7
.
8
1
k
N
/
m
P
e
r
i
me
t
e
r
f
e
n
c
e
2
0
.
8
8
k
N
To
t
a
l
p
o
i
n
t
c
h
a
r
g
e
s
2
0
.
8
8
k
N
3.
4
.
G
eo
m
e
t
ry
o
f
t
he
m
o
del
f
o
r
t
he
s
t
ud
y
Sin
ce
th
e
Plax
is
2
D
V1
6
s
o
f
t
war
e
was
u
s
ed
,
th
e
p
lan
ar
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
eo
m
etr
ies
with
a
s
ec
tio
n
p
e
r
p
en
d
icu
lar
t
o
th
e
x
-
y
p
la
n
e
is
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
a
s
tate
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
l
o
ad
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
r
ad
i
al
s
y
m
m
etr
y
m
o
d
el
was
ch
o
s
e
n
.
T
h
is
g
en
er
ates
t
h
e
d
is
cr
etiz
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
ils
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
f
in
ite
elem
en
ts
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
6
o
r
1
5
n
o
d
es,
at
p
lace
s
wh
er
e
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
ts
will
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
et
r
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
cr
itical
zo
n
e
o
f
th
e
T
er
r
a
m
esh
®
wall,
wh
ich
is
1
7
m
eter
s
h
ig
h
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
en
s
e,
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
cr
itical
s
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
i
)
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ii
)
s
o
il
lay
er
s
,
iii
)
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
iv
)
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
elem
e
n
ts
(
m
o
v
ab
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
)
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
tatic
ca
s
e,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
an
d
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
1
7
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h
ig
h
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n
d
e
r
th
e
T
er
r
am
esh
®
s
y
s
tem
,
with
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
S
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l b
eh
a
vio
r
o
f rein
fo
r
ce
d
s
o
il w
a
lls
u
n
d
er seis
mic
lo
a
d
s
(
R
ey
n
a
l
d
o
Melq
u
ia
d
es R
e
ye
s
R
o
q
u
e
)
717
walk
way
at
th
e
f
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
w
all.
Nex
t,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
h
ase
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
i
n
wh
ich
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
lo
ad
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
t
o
f
in
ally
ca
lcu
l
ate
th
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l
lo
ad
s
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
a
g
lo
b
al
lev
el
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
cr
i
tical
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
wall.
I
n
th
i
s
asp
ec
t,
th
e
Plax
is
2
D
s
o
f
twar
e
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ter
r
ain
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
s
lo
p
e,
g
eo
tech
n
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
,
s
o
il
s
tr
ata,
as
well
as th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
ts
th
at
m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
T
er
r
a
m
esh
®.
At
th
e
later
al
lim
its
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el,
m
o
v
a
b
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
allo
win
g
v
er
tical
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
an
d
r
estrictin
g
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es.
A
p
er
f
ec
t
em
b
e
d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
711
-
7
2
3
718
T
ab
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5
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C
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Def
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6
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6
8
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.
7
0
3
9
|U|
(
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
)
1
.
1
9
1
1
.
2
4
2
1
.
0
4
5
U
x
(
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
)
1
.
1
9
1
1
.
2
4
2
1
.
0
4
5
S
.
7
0
5
0
1
.
4
4
8
1
.
4
8
1
1
.
2
5
1
1
.
4
4
8
1
.
4
8
1
1
.
2
5
1
S
.
7
0
5
1
1
.
6
6
2
1
.
6
8
3
1
.
4
1
4
1
.
6
6
2
1
.
6
8
3
1
.
4
1
4
S
.
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
1
.
7
8
4
1
.
7
8
8
1
.
5
3
6
1
.
7
8
4
1
.
7
8
8
1
.
5
3
6
3.
5
.
2
.
Set
t
lem
ent
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
s
ettlem
en
t
(
Uy
)
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
h
o
r
izo
n
tally
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
r
ee
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
l
ev
els:
A
-
A
'
,
B
-
B'
,
an
d
C
-
C
'
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
lev
el
A
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A'
co
v
er
s
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates
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5
.
0
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1
7
.
0
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,
(
9
3
.
5
0
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1
7
.
0
)
,
an
d
(
1
0
5
.
6
;
1
7
.
0
)
,
r
e
f
er
en
ce
lev
e
l
B
-
B
'
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates
(
8
5
.
0
;
8
.
0
)
,
(
9
6
.
0
;
8
.
0
)
,
an
d
(
1
0
7
.
0
;
8
.
0
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,
a
n
d
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
le
v
el
C
-
C
'
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates
(
8
5
.
0
;
0
.
0
)
,
(
9
6
.
5
0
;
0
.
0
)
,
a
n
d
(
1
0
8
.
0
;
0
.
0
)
.
T
ab
le
7
s
h
o
ws th
e
n
o
tab
le
v
al
u
es a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
ac
h
iev
ed
with
th
e
ap
p
lied
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
ab
le
7
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ac
h
iev
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
lev
el
estab
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
C
a
se
S
o
l
i
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
(
med
i
u
m)
B
(
me
d
i
u
m)
C
(
1
0
5
.
6
0
;
1
7
.
0
)
,
1
0
7
.
0
;
8
.
0
9
6
.
5
0
,
0
.
0
U
y
(
st
a
t
i
c
)
E.
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
-
0
.
4
8
6
-
0
.
3
1
5
-
0
.
3
6
8
S
.
7
0
3
5
-
0
.
6
1
5
-
0
.
4
3
9
-
0
.
3
5
8
S
.
7
0
3
6
-
0
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5
2
1
-
0
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3
5
8
-
0
.
3
1
4
S
.
7
0
3
8
-
0
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6
4
5
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0
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4
3
7
-
0
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3
7
8
U
y
(
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
)
S
.
7
0
3
9
-
0
.
6
7
8
-
0
.
4
7
4
-
0
.
3
9
2
S
.
7
0
5
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-
0
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7
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5
-
0
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5
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5
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4
2
8
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.
7
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-
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8
8
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6
3
3
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5
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1
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.
A
r
t
i
f
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i
a
l
-
0
.
7
6
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-
0
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5
1
5
-
0
.
4
5
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
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Ap
p
l Sci
I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
S
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l b
eh
a
vio
r
o
f rein
fo
r
ce
d
s
o
il w
a
lls
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n
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er seis
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R
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Melq
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es R
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ye
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R
o
q
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e
)
719
T
ab
le
7
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
s
ettlem
en
t
in
ab
s
o
lu
te
v
al
u
e
is
g
en
er
ated
at
p
o
in
t
A
(
m
id
d
l
e)
f
o
r
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
te
n
s
io
n
ca
s
e
S.
7
0
5
1
at
a
h
eig
h
t
o
f
1
7
M,
th
at
is
,
at
s
u
r
f
ac
e
lev
el,
f
o
r
th
e
s
tatic
ca
s
e
at
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7
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3
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in
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
co
p
e
f
o
r
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7
0
5
1
,
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
S.
Ar
tific
ial.
T
h
is
allo
ws
u
s
to
i
n
f
er
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
e
s
eismic
lo
ad
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
s
ettlem
en
t
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
co
o
r
d
i
n
ates
in
b
o
t
h
x
a
n
d
y
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
S
,
t
h
is
m
ay
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
d
ep
th
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
ted
th
e
s
o
il
at
th
e
s
i
te.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
f
o
r
ce
e
x
er
ted
b
y
th
e
s
tatic
lo
ad
in
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
im
ilar
to
an
8
.
2
Mw
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
m
ay
lead
to
g
r
ea
ter
s
ettlem
en
t.
3.
5
.
3
.
F
a
ct
o
r
o
f
s
a
f
et
y
Fo
r
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
Fo
S
,
wh
ich
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
d
esig
n
lo
ad
,
th
e
Ph
i
-
C
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
m
eth
o
d
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
was
ch
o
s
en
,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
Plax
is
s
o
f
twar
e
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
ap
p
licab
le
wh
en
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
th
at
h
a
v
e
n
o
r
elev
an
t
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
B
u
t
wh
e
n
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
a
s
tab
le
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
s
ca
le
f
ac
to
r
s
(
Σ
Msf
)
,
it
allo
ws to
o
b
tain
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
ailu
r
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
n
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
a
later
al
f
o
r
ce
ac
tin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
ass
is
ap
p
lied
,
wh
ich
g
en
e
r
ally
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
in
t
h
e
o
f
f
-
s
lo
p
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
W
ith
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Plax
is
2
D
i
n
th
e
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
,
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
r
etain
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
,
a
s
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
is
esti
m
ated
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
t
h
e
d
e
f
in
itio
n
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
,
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
lim
it
eq
u
ilib
r
i
u
m
m
eth
o
d
,
is
u
s
ed
.
Fo
r
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
Ph
i
-
C
r
ed
u
ctio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
h
ea
r
s
tr
en
g
th
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
n
til
th
ey
r
ea
ch
th
e
r
u
p
tu
r
e
lev
el.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
Fo
S is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
(
3
)
.
=
(
/
)
=
)
(
3
)
Ho
wev
er
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
f
o
r
g
o
tten
th
at
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
co
r
r
e
ctly
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
ig
r
an
t
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e.
An
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
i
n
t
h
er
e
is
th
at
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
g
r
av
ity
,
p
last
ic,
co
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
,
an
d
s
af
ety
lo
a
d
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
p
tio
n
s
b
y
e
n
ter
in
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
-
s
tatic
o
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
Plax
is
2
D
f
in
ite
elem
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
I
n
th
at
s
en
s
e,
t
h
e
Fo
S
was
esti
m
ated
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ata
en
ter
e
d
in
th
e
s
o
f
t
war
e,
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
s
|
u
|
(
m
)
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Σ
Msf
.
T
h
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
af
ter
a
n
en
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
p
h
ase
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
f
o
r
in
ter
lacin
g
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
h
as
e
o
f
th
is
f
ac
to
r
,
af
ter
a
d
y
n
am
ic
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
h
ase.
T
ab
le
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
Fo
S.
T
ab
le
8
.
C
o
n
s
o
lid
ated
v
alu
es
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
Fo
S
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tr
ess
C
a
se
S
o
l
i
c
i
t
a
t
i
on
F
o
S
F
o
S
(
st
a
t
i
c
)
E.
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
2
.
1
7
8
S
.
7
0
3
5
1
.
1
8
3
S
.
7
0
3
6
1
.
4
0
8
S
.
7
0
3
8
1
.
2
0
5
F
o
S
(
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
)
S
.
7
0
3
9
1
.
2
1
1
S
.
7
0
5
0
1
.
2
5
4
S
.
7
0
5
1
1
.
3
2
5
S
.
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
1
.
1
8
7
3.
5
.
4
.
Act
io
n o
f
s
eism
ic
lo
a
ds
o
n def
o
rm
a
t
io
ns
,
la
t
er
a
l dis
pla
ce
m
ent
,
a
nd
f
a
ct
o
r
o
f
s
a
f
et
y
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
av
e
g
r
ea
ter
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
esen
ted
,
we
p
r
o
ce
ed
ed
to
v
er
i
f
y
th
e
p
r
em
is
es,
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
o
il
wall
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
lo
ad
s
in
s
tatic,
s
em
i
-
s
tat
ic
,
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
(
i
n
clu
d
in
g
s
im
u
lated
s
eismic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
)
.
W
ith
th
e
co
llected
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata,
n
o
r
m
ality
test
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
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9
s
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ter
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ig
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ican
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t
o
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ad
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e
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o
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ef
o
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ati
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e
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en
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o
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g
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aller
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te
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e
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ee
n
th
at
th
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eismic
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ad
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ig
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ativ
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-
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3
4
5
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was
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s
er
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ed
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in
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er
r
in
g
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at
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eismic
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ad
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es,
th
is
f
ac
t
o
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is
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e
d
u
ce
d
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ex
p
o
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
p
o
ten
tial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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20
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ab
le
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.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
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av
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ea
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im
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ican
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ec
t
o
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o
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o
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m
ati
o
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was
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o
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e
d
.
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h
e
s
am
e
ef
f
ec
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
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f
o
r
later
al
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
in
s
id
e
to
o
u
ts
id
e,
f
r
o
m
lef
t
to
r
ig
h
t.
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eg
ar
d
in
g
s
ettlem
en
t,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
is
o
f
s
m
aller
v
alu
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
if
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er
en
ce
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it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
s
eismic
lo
ad
in
g
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
m
all
ef
f
ec
t.
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h
is
r
e
s
u
lt
alig
n
s
with
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
g
en
er
ated
b
y
[
3
2
]
,
wh
o
s
tated
th
at
as
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
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th
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d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
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ef
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m
atio
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g
r
ad
u
ally
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n
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ea
s
es.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
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alu
es o
b
tain
ed
ass
o
ciate
d
with
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ef
o
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m
atio
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d
u
e
t
o
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eismic
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ad
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e
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ea
test
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th
e
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o
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e
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h
eig
h
t
(
H)
.
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h
is
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
d
is
p
lac
em
en
t
in
th
e
X
-
X
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
es
at
t
h
e
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
cr
itical
zo
n
e
lo
ca
ted
at
c
o
o
r
d
in
ates
(
9
5
.
0
0
,
8
.
0
0
)
.
L
ik
ewise,
it
was
s
h
o
wn
th
at
it
i
s
m
o
s
t
i
n
ten
s
ely
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
½
H
o
f
th
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wall
in
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
d
o
m
ai
n
,
as
in
an
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tific
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eismic
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y
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tem
.
T
h
is
i
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
ith
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
[
3
3
]
,
w
h
o
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
wh
en
g
r
ea
ter
g
r
o
u
n
d
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
is
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en
er
ated
,
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
(
f
r
o
m
in
s
id
e
to
o
u
ts
id
e)
in
th
e
d
ir
e
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
wall'
s
lo
ca
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
d
i
r
ec
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
wall
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
,
with
a
g
r
ea
te
r
p
r
esen
ce
in
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
m
id
d
le
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
wall.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
wall
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ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
at
th
e
to
p
to
av
o
id
u
n
d
esira
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le
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
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o
n
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id
er
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g
th
e
o
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er
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atio
n
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f
in
d
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g
s
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ted
.
R
eg
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g
v
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r
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le
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r
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n
d
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en
t
(
v
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tical
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is
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lace
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en
t
Y
-
Y)
,
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e
r
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lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
test
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ettlem
en
t
in
ab
s
o
lu
te
v
alu
e
o
cc
u
r
s
at
th
e
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
cr
itical
zo
n
e,
at
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
l
ev
el,
at
a
h
eig
h
t
o
f
1
7
m
ab
o
v
e
th
e
b
ase
o
f
th
e
wa
ll.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
ettlem
en
ts
,
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
0
.
0
9
1
m
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
eismic
lo
ad
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
ettlem
en
t
u
n
d
er
s
tatic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
t
e
th
at
th
is
v
ar
iatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
wall
b
ase
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
[
3
4
]
,
wh
o
in
d
icate
d
th
at
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
ettlem
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
r
elativ
e
d
en
s
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
o
il's
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
th
e
s
ettlem
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
at
g
r
ea
ter
d
ep
th
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
g
eo
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
a
wall
o
f
th
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
c
o
u
ld
p
r
esen
t
ce
r
tain
d
is
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
o
th
er
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
Fo
S,
it
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at,
in
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
esti
m
ated
v
alu
e
was
th
e
h
ig
h
est.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
s
ar
e
r
elativ
ely
lo
w,
s
o
th
e
s
eismic
h
az
ar
d
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
SR
C
)
ten
d
s
to
b
e
lo
wer
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
as
th
e
s
eismic
lo
ad
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
Fo
S
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
a
v
ailab
l
e
f
o
r
ce
/f
ailu
r
e
f
o
r
ce
r
atio
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
[
3
5
]
,
wh
o
s
tated
th
at
as th
e
lo
ad
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
0
k
Pa
to
1
0
0
k
Pa,
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
af
ety
f
a
cto
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
el
in
g
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t m
eth
o
d
was
ass
es
s
ed
.
A
lo
g
ical
s
eq
u
en
ce
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
p
r
esen
t
in
g
,
f
ir
s
t,
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
,
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
m
o
d
elin
g
,
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
b
e
s
im
u
lated
,
an
d
th
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
ac
h
iev
e
d
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
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