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6
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I
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Sep
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7
4
1
.
0
4
20
60
10
11
10
0
.
0
6
5
0
.
1
9
6
6
30
45
11
12
11
0
.
1
2
3
8
0
.
3
7
4
4
35
60
12
13
12
1
.
1
5
5
1
.
4
6
8
35
60
13
14
13
0
.
7
1
2
9
0
.
5
4
1
6
80
1
2
0
14
15
14
0
.
5
2
6
0
.
5
9
1
10
60
15
16
15
0
.
5
4
5
0
.
7
4
6
3
20
60
16
17
16
1
.
7
2
1
1
.
2
8
9
20
60
17
18
17
0
.
5
7
4
0
.
7
3
40
90
18
19
2
0
.
1
5
6
5
0
.
1
6
4
40
90
19
20
19
1
.
3
5
5
4
1
.
5
0
4
2
40
90
20
21
20
0
.
4
7
8
4
0
.
4
0
9
5
40
90
21
22
21
0
.
9
3
7
3
0
.
7
0
8
9
40
90
22
23
3
0
.
3
0
8
3
0
.
4
5
1
2
50
90
23
24
23
0
.
7
0
9
1
0
.
8
9
8
2
0
0
4
2
0
24
25
24
0
.
7
0
1
1
0
.
8
9
6
2
0
0
4
2
0
25
26
6
0
.
1
0
3
4
0
.
2
0
3
25
60
26
27
26
0
.
1
4
4
7
0
.
2
8
4
2
25
60
27
28
27
0
.
9
3
3
7
1
.
0
5
9
20
60
28
29
28
0
.
7
0
0
6
0
.
8
0
4
2
70
1
2
0
29
30
29
0
.
2
5
8
5
0
.
5
0
7
5
6
0
0
2
0
0
30
31
30
0
.
9
6
3
0
.
9
7
4
4
70
1
5
0
31
32
31
0
.
3
6
1
9
0
.
3
1
0
5
1
0
0
2
1
0
32
33
32
0
.
5
3
0
2
0
.
3
4
1
40
60
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
R
OC
OFO
R
P
is
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
tr
ateg
y
.
At
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
,
o
r
th
e
i
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
,
we
ca
lcu
late
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
c
h
an
g
e
r
ate
an
d
th
e
r
a
te
o
f
ch
an
g
e
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
we
r
[
9
]
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
R
OC
OFO
R
P.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
t
h
is
p
ar
am
eter
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e.
I
f
it
cr
o
s
s
es m
o
r
e
th
an
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e,
t
h
e
s
itu
atio
n
is
tr
ea
ted
as
is
lan
d
in
g
;
o
th
er
wis
e
,
n
o
n
-
i
s
lan
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
lo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
At
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t,
th
e
r
ate
o
f
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
lev
e
ls
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
,
wh
ich
is
2
*
1
0
^1
2
.
I
f
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
v
er
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
(
d
f
/d
q
)
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e,
th
e
ca
s
e
is
is
lan
d
in
g
;
o
th
er
wis
e,
it
is
n
o
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
p
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
in
s
tan
ce
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e,
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
ca
s
e,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e
is
f
ix
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1637
-
1
6
4
4
1640
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
r
an
g
e
o
f
is
lan
d
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
witch
in
g
,
DG
s
witch
in
g
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
,
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle,
we
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
is
lan
d
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
r
at
e
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
in
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
v
er
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
.
4
.
1
.
I
s
la
nd
ing
ca
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
'
s
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
to
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
c
h
an
g
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
g
r
id
p
r
io
r
to
t
=
0
.
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
;
it
is
cu
t
o
f
f
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
s
at
t
=
0
.
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
,
w
h
ich
is
h
o
w
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
'
s
v
ar
ian
ce
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
,
is
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
DGs.
T
h
e
R
OC
OFO
R
P v
al
u
e
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
c
u
to
f
f
p
o
in
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
R
OC
OFO
R
P f
o
r
th
e
is
lan
d
in
g
ca
s
e
4
.
2
.
Dif
f
er
ent
f
a
ults
Her
e,
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
is
s
u
b
je
cted
to
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
au
lts
s
u
ch
a
s
lin
e
-
to
-
lin
e
(
LL
)
,
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
LG
),
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
LLG
)
[
2
]
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
-
(
c)
.
At
t
=
0
.
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
th
ese
f
au
lts
ar
e
s
witch
ed
,
an
d
am
p
litu
d
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
ee
n
b
u
t
a
r
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ar
e
b
elo
w
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e.
Hen
ce
,
it
elim
in
ates
th
e
co
n
f
lict
b
et
wee
n
th
e
is
lan
d
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
ca
s
es
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
d
etec
ts
th
e
ev
en
ts
ac
cu
r
ately
f
o
r
th
ese
e
v
en
ts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
R
OC
O
FO
R
P with
(
a)
L
L
f
au
l
t,
(
b
)
L
G
f
a
u
lt,
an
d
(
c)
L
L
G
f
a
u
lt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
s
la
n
d
in
g
d
etec
tio
n
o
f i
n
teg
r
a
ted
DG
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
r
a
te
o
f c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
…
(
B
.
V
.
S
esh
u
K
u
ma
r
i
)
1641
4
.
3
.
Ca
pa
ci
t
o
r
s
wit
ching
A
1
.
5
M
v
ar
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
l
in
k
ed
to
b
u
s
4
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
at
0
.
1
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
wh
ile
i
n
an
o
th
er
ca
s
e,
is
lan
d
in
g
is
in
d
u
ce
d
at
t
=
0
.
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
v
e
r
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
tar
g
et
DG
's
(
DG
-
1
)
en
d
.
T
h
e
R
OC
OFO
R
P
v
alu
e
is
b
elo
w
th
e
cu
to
f
f
p
o
in
t.
Hen
ce
,
s
w
itch
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
is
tr
ea
ted
as
a
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
in
s
tan
ce
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
R
OC
OFO
R
P f
o
r
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
witch
in
g
4
.
4
.
DG
s
wit
ching
Fro
m
th
e
is
lan
d
in
g
s
tate
g
r
ap
h
at
t
=
0
.
3
s
ec
,
wh
en
s
witch
in
g
ON
o
f
t
h
e
DG
is
co
m
p
lete,
we
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
v
er
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
wer
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
R
OC
OFOR
P
am
p
litu
d
e
is
less
th
an
th
e
cu
to
f
f
v
alu
e
[
1
0
]
.
All
th
ese
ex
a
m
p
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
i
q
u
e
,
R
OC
OFO
R
P,
ea
s
ily
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
b
etwe
en
is
lan
d
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
test
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
m
aller
n
o
n
-
d
etec
tio
n
zo
n
e
an
d
th
at
is
lan
d
in
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
lan
d
in
g
ca
s
es
ar
e
co
r
r
ec
tly
class
if
ied
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
is
lan
d
in
g
d
ete
ctio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
As
p
er
t
h
e
I
E
E
E
1
5
4
7
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
is
lan
d
in
g
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
etec
ted
in
less
th
an
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
T
ab
l
e
3
,
m
an
y
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
is
lan
d
i
n
g
ev
e
n
ts
in
less
th
an
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
d
etec
ts
th
e
is
lan
d
in
g
in
less
th
an
2
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
with
ze
r
o
non
-
d
etec
tio
n
zo
n
e
(
NDZ
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
R
OC
OFO
R
P f
o
r
DG
s
witch
in
g
T
ab
le
3
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
tiatio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
D
e
t
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