I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
7
~
1
4
7
1
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
6
.
i3
.
p
p
1
4
5
7
-
1
4
7
1
1457
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
So
la
r ce
ll
-
ba
sed g
a
rden light au
tom
a
tion for env
iro
n
menta
lly
friendly
technolo
g
y
learning
Af
riza
l Ma
y
ub
1
,
F
a
hm
iza
l
2
,
L
a
zf
ihm
a
3
1
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
B
e
n
g
k
u
l
u
,
B
e
n
g
k
u
l
u
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
V
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
G
a
d
j
a
h
M
a
d
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
3
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
B
e
n
g
k
u
l
u
,
B
e
n
g
k
u
l
u
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
2
9
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
y
2
2
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
3
,
2
0
2
5
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
a
ims
to
:
1
)
P
ro
d
u
c
e
a
p
ro
to
ty
p
e
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
a
so
lar
c
e
ll
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
a
rd
e
n
li
g
h
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
;
2
)
D
e
term
in
e
th
e
re
latio
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
twe
e
n
c
u
rre
n
t,
p
o
we
r
,
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
l
ig
h
t
in
te
n
sity
;
3
)
D
e
sc
rib
e
t
h
e
fe
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
a
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
fr
ien
d
ly
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
ra
c
ti
c
u
m
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
;
a
n
d
4
)
De
sc
rib
e
tea
c
h
e
r
a
n
d
stu
d
e
n
t
re
sp
o
n
se
s
t
o
t
h
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tall
y
frie
n
d
l
y
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
is r
e
se
a
rc
h
is R&D
ty
p
e
An
a
ly
si
s,
De
sig
n
,
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
Im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
a
n
d
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
(
AD
DIE
)
An
a
ly
si
s,
d
e
sig
n
,
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
imp
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
.
Th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
sa
m
p
le
u
se
d
4
4
c
las
s
IX
stu
d
e
n
ts
a
t
M
TS
Ra
h
m
a
tu
ll
a
h
.
Ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
stu
d
e
n
ts,
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
m
a
teria
ls,
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
c
o
n
ten
t
,
a
n
d
d
iffi
c
u
lt
y
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
m
a
teria
ls
a
t
sc
h
o
o
l
a
re
in
a
d
e
q
u
a
te
a
t
8
4
.
2
5
%
,
8
0
%
a
n
d
8
2
.
5
%
.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
i
n
tere
st
in
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tally
frien
d
ly
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
ra
c
ti
c
u
m
g
u
i
d
e
b
o
o
k
s
wa
s
8
4
.
2
5
%
.
Th
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
i
n
ten
sit
y
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
e
c
u
rre
n
t,
p
o
we
r
,
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
.
Ex
p
e
rt
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
sh
o
ws
;
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
n
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
a
rd
e
n
li
g
h
t
in
g
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
so
lar
c
e
ll
s
a
n
d
a
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
o
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
frien
d
l
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
re
v
e
ry
s
u
it
a
b
le
fo
r
u
se
(8
9
.
1
4
%
a
n
d
9
0
.
7
5
%
).
Th
e
u
se
o
f
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tall
y
frien
d
l
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
ra
c
ti
c
u
m
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
s
in
c
re
a
se
d
stu
d
e
n
ts'
c
rit
ica
l
th
i
n
k
i
n
g
sk
il
ls
i
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
c
a
teg
o
ry
(N
-
G
a
in
=
0
.
7
9
3
7
)
a
n
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
re
sp
o
n
se
s
fro
m
tea
c
h
e
rs
a
n
d
stu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
"
a
lmo
st
a
ll
"
c
a
teg
o
r
y
(9
1
.
5
0
%
a
n
d
8
9
.
9
%
)
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Au
to
m
atio
n
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
Frie
n
d
ly
s
o
lar
ce
ll
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
L
ig
h
ts
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Af
r
izal
Ma
y
u
b
Gr
ad
u
ate
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
Scien
ce
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Facu
lty
o
f
T
ea
c
h
in
g
an
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
B
en
g
k
u
lu
B
en
g
k
u
lu
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
af
r
izalm
ay
u
b
@
u
n
i
b
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
is
a
r
eso
u
r
ce
th
at
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
w
o
r
ld
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
[
1
]
.
8
0
%
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia'
s
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
m
et
u
s
in
g
p
etr
o
le
u
m
,
an
d
its
u
s
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
ev
er
y
y
ea
r
;
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
alter
n
ati
v
e
en
er
g
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
[
2
]
-
[
5
]
.
I
n
d
o
n
esia's
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
g
r
o
ws
3
.
4
6
%
p
er
y
ea
r
,
m
o
s
tly
u
s
in
g
f
o
s
s
il
en
er
g
y
.
So
th
at
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
u
s
e
elec
tr
icity
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
is
n
ee
d
ed
s
o
th
at
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
.
On
e
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
th
at
is
ab
u
n
d
an
t,
ea
s
y
to
o
b
tain
,
ch
ea
p
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
is
s
u
n
lig
h
t.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
r
ec
eiv
es
s
u
n
lig
h
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
b
u
t
th
is
en
e
r
g
y
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
o
p
tim
ally
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
n
ee
d
s
[
6
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
is
lo
ca
ted
in
t
h
e
eq
u
ato
r
ial
r
e
g
io
n
an
d
r
ec
eiv
es
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
til
ized
b
y
co
n
v
er
tin
g
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
in
to
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
ce
lls
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
is
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
lar
g
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
u
p
p
ly
,
an
d
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
,
c
r
ea
tes
jo
b
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
o
f
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1457
-
1
4
7
1
1458
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
es a
v
is
io
n
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t i
n
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
[
1
3
]
.
So
lar
p
an
els
em
it
n
o
p
o
llu
tio
n
wh
ile
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
elec
tr
icity
as
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
o
lar
p
an
els
ar
e
ad
v
er
s
ely
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
ad
h
er
in
g
d
i
r
t,
s
o
th
at
th
e
in
te
n
s
ity
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t
f
allin
g
o
n
th
e
p
an
els
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
elec
tr
ical
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
o
lar
p
an
els.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
s
m
ar
t
s
y
s
tem
s
n
ee
d
to
ad
d
r
es
s
d
ir
t
b
u
ild
u
p
o
n
s
o
lar
p
an
els
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Ov
er
all,
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
clea
n
in
g
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
els
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
eir
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
with
an
in
teg
r
ated
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
[
1
4
]
.
So
lar
ce
lls
ab
s
o
r
b
s
u
n
lig
h
t
to
r
elea
s
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
s
ilico
n
ato
m
s
an
d
m
o
v
e
f
o
r
war
d
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
ele
ctr
ical
cir
cu
it
s
o
th
at
elec
tr
ic
al
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
v
ia
s
o
lar
ce
lls
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
ce
lls
;
th
i
s
is
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
r
ed
u
ce
d
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
(
PLN)
.
PLN
cu
ttin
g
o
f
f
elec
tr
icity
at
n
ig
h
t
ca
u
s
es
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
li
g
h
tin
g
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le
,
in
g
ar
d
e
n
lo
ca
tio
n
s
;
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
u
s
in
g
s
u
n
lig
h
t.
So
la
r
ce
lls
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
s
to
r
e
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
in
b
atter
ies
to
b
e
u
s
ed
au
to
m
atica
lly
as
lig
h
tin
g
at
n
ig
h
t
with
o
u
t
h
av
in
g
to
u
s
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
PLN.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
b
etter
to
u
s
e
an
au
to
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
u
s
in
g
s
o
lar
ce
lls
th
at
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
l
o
ad
o
r
s
to
r
e
d
in
b
atter
ies b
ef
o
r
e
u
s
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
e
x
p
lain
s
th
at
p
h
o
t
o
n
s
em
itted
b
y
th
e
s
u
n
with
m
c2
en
er
g
y
h
it
th
e
s
ilico
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
,
r
elea
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
es
e
f
r
ee
elec
tr
o
n
s
ca
u
s
e
ato
m
s
to
lo
s
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
p
o
s
itiv
ely
ch
ar
g
ed
"h
o
les".
Neg
ativ
e
f
r
ee
el
ec
tr
o
n
s
f
ill
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
t
h
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
an
N
-
ty
p
e
s
em
ic
o
n
d
u
ct
o
r
.
T
h
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
th
at
h
as
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
o
les
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
P
-
ty
p
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
e
PN
J
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
at
th
e
ju
n
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
P
-
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
N
-
t
y
p
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
e
n
er
g
y
th
at
is
ab
le
to
p
u
s
h
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
an
d
h
o
les to
m
o
v
e
in
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
an
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
ab
o
v
e
,
th
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tu
d
ies
en
ti
tled
:
Su
s
tain
ab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
l
ar
ce
lls
in
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
in
g
r
elate
d
to
s
o
lar
ce
lls
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
at
ed
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
te
n
tial
an
d
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
(
PLT
S)
ca
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
[
2
1
]
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
ed
d
iesel
f
u
el,
d
id
n
o
t
u
s
e
th
e
AT
ME
GA3
2
8
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
o
th
ey
wer
e
n
o
t u
s
ed
au
to
m
atica
lly
.
I
n
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
,
s
o
lar
ce
lls
wer
e
u
s
ed
,
b
u
t d
id
n
o
t u
s
e
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
s
o
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
d
etec
t
s
u
n
lig
h
t
au
to
m
atica
lly
an
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
Pre
v
iew
s
tu
d
y
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
th
e
s
im
ilar
ities
ar
e
o
n
ly
i
n
th
e
lig
h
ts
u
s
ed
,
b
u
t
th
e
AT
ME
G
A
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
e
.
Yo
s
s
i'
s
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
an
AT
ME
GA1
6
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ile
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
u
s
es
an
AT
ME
GA3
2
8
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
u
s
es
a
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
o
wer
,
v
o
lta
g
e
,
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
co
n
clu
d
es
th
at
s
o
lar
ce
lls
as
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
lig
h
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
es [
2
7
]
-
[
3
1
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
a
b
o
v
e,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
n
ee
d
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
esear
ch
o
n
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tall
y
Frie
n
d
ly
So
lar
C
ell
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
Au
to
m
atic
Gar
d
en
L
ig
h
tin
g
Sy
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
:
i
)
Ho
w
to
d
esig
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
b
ased
a
u
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
;
ii
)
W
h
at
is
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
o
ltag
e,
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
p
o
wer
an
d
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
in
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll b
ased
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
;
iii
)
W
h
at
i
s
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ili
ty
o
f
a
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
o
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
;
an
d
iv
)
Ho
w
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies af
ter
lear
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
i
en
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tice
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
So
lar
c
ell
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
ce
ll
-
b
a
s
ed
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
t
a
u
to
ma
tio
n
f
o
r
en
viro
n
men
ta
ll
y
fr
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lea
r
n
in
g
(
A
fr
iz
a
l Ma
yu
b
)
1459
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
S
E
D
M
E
T
H
O
D/AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
/PR
O
C
E
DUR
E
SP
E
CIF
I
CAL
L
Y
DE
S
I
G
NE
D
(
O
P
T
I
O
NAL)
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
a
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
n
am
ely
:
i
)
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
n
au
to
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
,
ii
)
t
o
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
le
s
o
f
v
o
ltag
e,
elec
tr
ic
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
o
wer
b
ased
o
n
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
o
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
an
a
u
to
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
g
a
r
d
en
li
g
h
ts
,
an
d
iii
)
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
l
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
,
iv
)
d
escr
ib
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
af
ter
lear
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
m
p
letio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
;
i
)
C
r
ea
te
a
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
an
a
u
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
s
o
lar
ce
lls
;
ii
)
T
est
an
d
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
v
o
ltag
e,
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
o
wer
b
ased
o
n
l
ig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
o
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
au
to
m
atic
s
o
lar
ce
ll
g
ar
d
en
li
g
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
;
iii
)
T
est
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
.
T
h
e
au
t
o
m
atic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
s
o
lar
ce
ll
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
;
an
d
iv
)
T
ests
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
s
k
ills
af
ter
lear
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
ADDI
E
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
;
An
al
y
s
is
,
Desig
n
,
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
E
v
alu
atio
n
was
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
[
3
2
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
clas
s
I
X
MT
S
R
a
h
m
atu
llah
f
o
r
th
e
2
0
2
3
/2
0
2
4
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Sam
p
lin
g
u
s
ed
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t te
s
ts
an
d
test
s
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
2
2
class
I
X
A
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h sta
g
es
3
.
1
.
1
.
Nee
ds
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
s
tag
e
aim
s
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
b
asic
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
with
th
e
m
at
er
ial
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
ab
le
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
al
ter
n
ativ
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
Asp
ec
ts
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ials
,
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
n
ten
t,
an
d
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
a
r
e
in
a
d
eq
u
ate,
s
o
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
in
ter
est
wh
en
g
iv
en
a
s
cien
ce
p
r
ac
tice
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
es
an
aly
s
is
o
f
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cies,
b
asic
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies,
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
ts
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
Desig
n
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
ab
o
v
e,
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
an
au
to
m
atic
s
er
ies
an
d
p
ar
allel
s
o
lar
ce
ll g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
was c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
o
b
u
ild
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
t,
y
o
u
n
ee
d
m
ater
ial
s
/to
o
ls
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll d
esig
n
an
d
cir
c
u
it b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
lo
o
k
lik
e
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
an
d
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
So
lar
c
ell
d
esig
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1457
-
1
4
7
1
1460
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
T
ab
le
1
.
R
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
s
o
l
ar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
ts
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
LD
R
se
n
s
o
r
G
L5
5
1
6
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
5
V
o
l
t
LD
R
s
e
n
s
o
r
D
C
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
5
V
o
l
t
s
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
A
TM
e
g
a
3
2
8
w
i
t
h
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
5
v
o
l
t
s
,
F
l
a
s
h
me
mo
r
y
3
2
K
B
LC
D
16
×
2
o
r
1
6
0
2
R
e
l
a
y
s
M
o
d
e
l
S
R
D
-
0
5
V
D
C
-
SL
-
C
(
1
7
3
)
S
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
s
5
-
v
o
l
t
p
o
l
y
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
l
i
n
e
-
t
y
p
e
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
La
p
t
o
p
s
A
l
mo
s
t
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
l
a
p
t
o
p
s
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
mm
i
n
g
S
c
i
ss
o
r
s
Jo
y
k
o
S
H
A
R
P
S
c
i
ss
o
r
s S
C
-
8
2
8
S
C
-
8
3
8
S
C
-
P
a
p
e
r
8
4
8
s
mal
l
l
a
r
g
e
s
c
i
ss
o
r
p
a
p
e
r
-
SS
-
5
Ju
m
p
e
r
c
a
b
l
e
s
Ju
m
p
e
r
C
a
b
l
e
1
0
C
m
ma
l
e
t
o
ma
l
e
/
f
e
mal
e
t
o
f
e
mal
e
/
m
a
l
e
t
o
f
e
ma
l
e
Li
g
h
t
H
a
n
n
o
c
h
s'
50
-
W
a
t
t
LED
l
a
m
p
w
i
t
h
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
2
2
0
-
2
4
0
v
o
l
t
s
.
A
c
c
u
A
c
c
u
G
S
J
P
r
e
m
i
u
m
K
I
T
G
M
5
Z
-
3
B
/
G
T6
A
/
Y
B
5
L
w
e
t
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
,
12
-
v
o
l
t
,
5
a
m
p
e
r
e
s
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
l
ls
is
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
;
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
lear
n
in
g
,
v
alid
atio
n
s
h
ee
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
v
alid
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
an
d
test
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Desig
n
o
f
a
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
3
.
1
.
3
.
D
ev
elo
pm
ent
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
a
n
aly
s
is
,
a
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
an
au
to
m
atic
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
A
t
th
is
s
tag
e,
a
v
alid
atio
n
test
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
o
r
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
t
est
o
f
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
i
en
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tice
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
t
h
r
ee
m
e
d
ia
ex
p
e
r
t le
ctu
r
er
s
an
d
o
n
e
s
cien
ce
teac
h
e
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
Aik
en
v
alid
atio
n
in
d
ex
,
as in
(
1
)
.
V
=
∑
(
r
−
Io
)
[
n
(
c
−
1
)
]
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
ce
ll
-
b
a
s
ed
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
t
a
u
to
ma
tio
n
f
o
r
en
viro
n
men
ta
ll
y
fr
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lea
r
n
in
g
(
A
fr
iz
a
l Ma
yu
b
)
1461
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
ab
o
v
e
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tice
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
.
T
h
e
q
u
a
n
t
ities
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
ea
ch
h
a
v
e
m
ea
n
in
g
;
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
ass
ess
o
r
=
r
,
th
e
lo
west
v
alid
ity
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e
=
I
o
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alid
ity
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
co
r
e
=
c
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ass
es
s
o
r
s
=
n
[
3
3
]
.
Nex
t,
a
v
al
id
atio
n
test
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
test
u
s
in
g
a
one
-
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
etest
-
p
o
s
t
-
test
d
esig
n
.
3
.
1
.
4
.
I
m
plem
ent
a
t
i
o
n
Qu
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
o
n
class
I
X
s
am
p
les
at
MT
S
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
test
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
in
itial
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
test
to
s
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
ies
af
ter
lear
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
Frie
n
d
l
y
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
Pra
cticu
m
Gu
id
e
b
o
o
k
wer
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
in
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
n
tex
t,
co
n
ten
t
,
an
d
co
m
p
e
ten
cy
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
es
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
ee
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
s
cien
tific
att
itu
d
es.
T
h
e
ch
ec
k
lis
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
ee
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
2
0
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
f
illed
in
b
y
s
tu
d
en
t
s
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
es
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
l
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
n
attitu
d
e
s
ca
le
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
,
d
is
ag
r
ee
,
ag
r
ee
,
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
.
T
ab
le
2
is
an
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
d
esig
n
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
ea
n
in
g
s
:
Z1
=
Stu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
an
aly
s
is
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
Z
2
=
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
,
Z
3
=
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
an
aly
s
is
,
Z
4
=
teac
h
er
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
t r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
d
esig
n
Tr
e
a
t
me
n
t
P
r
e
t
e
s
t
P
o
st
t
e
s
t
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
X
Y1
Y2
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z1
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n t
ec
hn
iqu
es
An
ess
ay
test
o
f
8
q
u
esti
o
n
s
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
in
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
n
ten
t,
c
o
n
tex
t
,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
A
s
er
ies
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
in
tellig
en
ce
,
ab
ilit
y
,
o
r
talen
t
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
is
ca
lled
a
test
,
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
as
a
p
r
etest
an
d
p
o
s
ttes
t.
Me
an
wh
ile,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
v
a
lid
atin
g
p
r
ac
tical
m
an
u
als,
an
aly
zin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
,
teac
h
er
,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
u
s
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
Giv
in
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
r
wr
itten
s
tatem
en
ts
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
an
s
wer
is
a
d
ata
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
lle
d
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
s
h
ee
t
f
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
to
f
ill
in
d
u
r
in
g
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
'
s
cien
tific
attitu
d
es
is
ca
l
led
an
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
ee
t.
So
th
at
t
h
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
ed
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
,
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
es
ea
r
c
h
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
No
S
t
e
p
I
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
t
y
p
e
1
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
1.
N
e
e
d
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
g
u
i
d
e
2.
Ta
b
l
e
o
f
K
I
,
K
D
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
3.
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
s
2
D
e
si
g
n
4.
P
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
t
e
p
s
3
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
5.
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
e
e
t
f
o
r
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
-
b
a
se
d
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m
6.
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
e
e
t
f
o
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
u
m
g
u
i
d
e
b
o
o
k
7.
Te
st
i
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
e
e
t
4
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
8.
P
r
e
t
e
s
t
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
t
e
st
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
sh
e
e
t
s
9.
R
e
s
p
o
n
se
q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
f
o
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
u
m
g
u
i
d
e
b
o
o
k
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
t
ec
hn
iqu
es
3
.
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
t
ec
hn
iqu
es f
o
r
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
a
uto
m
a
t
ic
g
a
rden
lig
hting
s
y
s
t
em
s
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
ed
in
r
esear
ch
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
an
aly
ze
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
o
l
test
in
g
an
aly
s
is
is
to
s
ee
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
to
o
l
an
d
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
to
o
l
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
d
am
ag
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
ich
will
h
av
e
an
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
to
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
T
est
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
o
ls
th
at
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
e
n
s
u
r
ed
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
in
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
lig
h
t
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
r
es
is
to
r
(
L
DR
)
s
en
s
o
r
,
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
a
n
d
s
o
lar
ce
ll,
wh
ile
in
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t sectio
n
:
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e,
p
o
wer
,
an
d
b
att
er
y
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
pra
ct
i
ca
l g
uid
e
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
is
b
ased
o
n
4
asp
ec
ts
,
n
am
ely
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
ten
t
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
esen
tatio
n
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
lan
g
u
ag
e,
a
n
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
ap
h
ics.
Data
an
aly
s
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
n
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ials
was
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
wh
ich
was
th
en
in
ter
p
r
eted
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1457
-
1
4
7
1
1462
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
u
s
es
a
s
ca
le
o
f
1
(
v
er
y
less
)
to
5
(
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
)
as
in
T
ab
le
4.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
o
b
tain
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
.
(
)
=
∑
∑
×
100%
(
2
)
Me
an
wh
ile,
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
/ap
p
r
o
p
r
ia
ten
ess
o
f
th
e
Pra
cticu
m
g
u
i
d
e
b
o
o
k
,
th
e
cr
iter
ia
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
Nee
ds
qu
estio
n
na
ire
a
na
ly
s
is
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
e
b
o
o
k
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
h
ee
ts
to
b
e
f
illed
in
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
ca
lcu
lati
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
ee
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
e
d
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
[
3
4
]
.
(
)
=
∑
t
o
t
al
s
co
r
e
∑
m
ax
s
i
m
um
s
co
r
e
×
100%
(
3
)
T
ab
le
4
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
g
r
i
d
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
N
o
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
A
sp
e
c
t
S
c
o
r
e
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
Th
e
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
P
r
e
sen
t
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
t
e
r
e
st
1
V
e
r
y
l
e
ss
1
2
N
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
2
3
En
o
u
g
h
3
4
G
o
o
d
4
5
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
5
T
ab
le
5
.
T
ea
c
h
in
g
m
ate
r
ial
ass
ess
m
en
t q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
(
p
r
ac
tic
u
m
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
)
A
c
h
i
e
v
e
me
n
t
s (%)
Q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
81
-
1
0
0
V
e
r
y
w
o
r
t
h
y
N
o
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
61
-
80
W
o
r
t
h
y
N
o
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
41
-
60
D
e
c
e
n
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
21
-
40
N
o
t
w
o
r
t
h
i
t
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
0
-
20
V
e
r
y
i
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
3
.
3
.
4
.
T
est
t
he
v
a
lid
it
y
o
f
t
he
qu
estio
ns
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
v
al
id
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
item
s
,
t
h
e
Pear
s
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
-
m
o
m
en
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
u
s
ed
with
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
co
r
es
o
b
tain
e
d
,
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
(
4
)
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
ar
e
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
r
-
ca
lc
u
lated
an
d
r
-
ta
b
le
v
al
u
es.
I
f
r
-
c
o
u
n
t
>
r
-
tab
le,
th
en
we
ca
n
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
th
e
item
is
v
alid
[
3
5
]
.
=
.
∑
.
−
(
∑
)
.
(
∑
)
√
[
(
∑
2
)
−
(
∑
)
2
]
[
(
∑
2
)
−
(
∑
)
2
(
4
)
3
.
3
.
5
.
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ire
re
lia
bil
i
t
y
t
est
f
o
r
pret
est
a
nd
po
s
t
-
t
est
qu
estio
ns
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
th
e
Alp
h
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
f
o
r
m
u
la
,
as
(
5
)
.
(
11
)
=
(
−
1
x
(
1
−
∑
2
2
)
(
5
)
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
t
er
p
r
etin
g
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
a
b
le
6.
3
.
3
.
5
.
Crit
ica
l
t
hin
k
ing
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
test
is
g
iv
en
with
8
ess
ay
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
test
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
cr
it
ical
th
in
k
in
g
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
N
-
g
ain
c
o
n
ce
p
t
b
ased
o
n
p
r
etest
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
t
est
s
co
r
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
N
-
g
ain
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
as (
6
)
.
=
(
2
−
1
)
(
3
−
1
)
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
ce
ll
-
b
a
s
ed
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
t
a
u
to
ma
tio
n
f
o
r
en
viro
n
men
ta
ll
y
fr
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lea
r
n
in
g
(
A
fr
iz
a
l Ma
yu
b
)
1463
X1
=
p
r
etest
s
co
r
e,
X2
=
p
o
s
t
-
test
s
co
r
e,
X3
=
m
ax
im
u
m
s
co
r
e,
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
c
r
iter
ia
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lev
el
o
f
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
7
.
3
.
3
.
6
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
ea
cher
a
n
d student
re
s
po
ns
e
s
Stu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
h
ee
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
with
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
a
g
r
ee
o
r
d
is
ag
r
ee
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
tatem
en
t item
s
s
u
b
m
itted
with
(
7
)
.
PTR
(
%
)
=
×
100%
(
7
)
PTR =
Per
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t r
esp
o
n
s
es
,
J
R
=
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
J
SR
=
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
all
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
is
in
ter
p
r
eted
as in
T
ab
le
8
.
T
ab
le
6
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
V
a
l
u
e
r
a
n
g
e
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
V
a
l
u
e
r
a
n
g
e
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
0
.
0
0
r
1
1
≤
0
.
2
0
V
e
r
y
l
o
w
0
.
7
0
<
r
1
1
≤
0
.
9
0
Ta
l
l
0
.
2
0
<
r
1
1
≤
0
.
4
0
Lo
w
0
.
9
0
<
r
11
≤
1
.
0
0
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
0
.
4
0
<
r
1
1
≤
0
.
7
0
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
T
ab
le
7
.
C
ateg
o
r
ies b
ased
o
n
N
-
Gain
s
co
r
e
No
N
gai
n
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
1
≥
0
.
7
0
H
i
g
h
2
0
.
3
0
–
0
.
7
0
En
o
u
g
h
3
0
.
3
0
Lo
w
T
ab
le
8
.
C
r
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
s
tu
d
en
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
(
%)
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
P
TR
=
0
N
o
o
n
e
0
<
P
TR
<
25
F
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
25
≤
P
T
R
≤
50
A
l
mo
s
t
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
P
TR
=
50
P
a
r
t
50
≤
P
T
R
≤
75
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
75
≤
P
T
R
≤
1
0
0
A
l
mo
s
t
a
l
l
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
C
ar
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
an
aly
s
is
,
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
(
ADDI
E
)
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
es
th
e
ADDI
E
R
esear
ch
an
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
p
o
p
u
l
atio
n
u
s
es
class
I
X
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
MT
S
R
ah
m
atu
llah
f
o
r
th
e
2
0
2
3
2
/2
0
2
4
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
a
to
tal
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
t
s
.
Sam
p
lin
g
u
s
ed
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
test
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
2
2
class
I
X
A
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ile
test
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t o
n
2
2
class
I
X
A
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
4
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
4
.
1
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
co
re
co
m
p
et
encies,
ba
s
ic
co
m
pet
encies
,
a
nd
lea
rning
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
An
aly
s
is
o
f
co
r
e
c
o
m
p
eten
ci
es
an
d
b
asic
co
m
p
eten
cies
i
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
l
y
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ater
ial
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
co
n
ce
p
t
r
elate
d
to
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
an
d
in
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
2
0
1
3
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
s
y
llab
u
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
itab
i
lity
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ater
ial
in
b
asic
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
3
.
1
0
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
life
4
.
1
0
.
Pre
s
en
ts
wo
r
k
o
n
s
im
p
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
th
at
ar
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cies a
n
d
b
asic c
o
m
p
eten
cies
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
lls
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
l
e
9
.
T
ab
le
9
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ater
ial
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
lls
,
wh
ich
is
f
o
u
n
d
in
B
asic
C
o
m
p
eten
cies
3
.
1
0
an
d
4
.
1
0
o
n
th
e
th
em
e
o
f
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
b
asic
co
m
p
eten
cies
ab
o
v
e
ar
e
in
lin
e
with
th
e
m
at
er
ial
b
ein
g
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
;
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
alter
n
ativ
e
elec
tr
ic
al
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
KD
3
.
1
0
,
it
is
h
o
p
ed
t
h
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
will
b
e
ab
l
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
.
B
ased
o
n
B
asic
C
o
m
p
eten
cies 3
.
1
0
a
n
d
4
.
1
0
a
b
o
v
e,
i
n
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
th
en
b
e
cr
ea
ted
.
T
ab
le
9
.
C
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
eten
cies a
n
d
b
asic c
o
m
p
eten
cies r
elate
d
to
s
o
lar
ce
lls
C
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
B
a
si
c
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
K
I
3
:
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
f
a
c
t
u
a
l
,
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
u
r
i
o
si
t
y
a
b
o
u
t
sci
e
n
c
e
,
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
r
t
,
a
n
d
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
v
i
si
b
l
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
t
s.
3
.
1
0
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
f
o
r
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
l
i
f
e
K
I
4
:
Tr
y
,
p
r
o
c
e
ss,
a
n
d
p
r
e
se
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
d
o
ma
i
n
(
u
s
i
n
g
,
p
a
r
si
n
g
,
a
sse
mb
l
i
n
g
,
m
o
d
i
f
y
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
b
st
r
a
c
t
d
o
ma
i
n
(
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
,
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
,
d
r
a
w
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
mp
o
si
n
g
)
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
w
h
a
t
i
s
l
e
a
r
n
e
d
a
t
sc
h
o
o
l
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
si
m
i
l
a
r
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
f
r
o
m
a
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
v
i
e
w
/
t
h
e
o
r
y
4
.
1
0
P
r
e
se
n
t
w
o
r
k
o
n
si
m
p
l
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
l
y
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1457
-
1
4
7
1
1464
4
.
1
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
ea
ching
ma
t
er
ia
l nee
ds
Activ
ities
at
th
is
s
tag
e
in
clu
d
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
i
n
ter
v
iews
,
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
o
n
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
at
MT
s
R
ah
m
atu
llah
.
I
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
Sep
tem
b
er
2
9
,
2
0
2
4
,
with
2
s
cien
ce
s
u
b
ject
teac
h
er
s
u
s
in
g
an
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
e.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
s
an
aly
s
is
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
a
n
ee
d
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
h
ee
t
g
iv
en
to
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
M
T
s
R
ah
m
atu
llah
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
f
s
cien
c
e
lear
n
in
g
at
MT
s
R
ah
m
atu
llah
s
h
o
w
th
at
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
s
e
L
KS
an
d
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
o
n
a
lim
ited
b
asis
in
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
an
aly
zin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
asp
e
cts,
co
n
ten
t
asp
ec
ts
,
d
if
f
icu
lty
asp
ec
ts
,
an
d
in
ter
est asp
ec
ts
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
0
.
Af
ter
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
t
ea
ch
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
,
th
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
:
Ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ate
r
ial
asp
ec
ts
,
co
n
ten
t
asp
ec
ts
,
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
asp
ec
ts
ar
e
in
ad
eq
u
ate
(
No
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
8
4
.
2
5
%,
8
0
%
an
d
8
2
.
5
%.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
is
,
th
e
s
cien
ce
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
i
d
eb
o
o
k
was
o
f
f
er
e
d
an
d
g
iv
en
,
a
n
d
af
ter
a
n
aly
s
is
,
r
esu
lts
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
wh
ich
s
tated
th
at
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
in
t
er
est
in
th
e
s
cien
ce
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
was 8
4
.
2
5
% (
Yes)
.
T
ab
le
1
0
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t n
ee
d
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
ased
o
n
asp
ec
t g
r
o
u
p
s
No
R
a
t
e
d
a
s
p
e
c
t
Y
e
s
No
1
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
2
0
.
0
0
8
0
.
0
0
2
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
u
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
7
.
8
3
8
2
.
1
7
3
C
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
1
7
.
5
0
8
2
.
5
0
4
I
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
t
h
e
g
u
i
d
e
b
o
o
k
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
8
4
.
2
5
1
5
.
7
5
4
.
1
.
3
.
Ana
ly
ze
pro
du
ct
needs
f
o
r
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
a
uto
m
a
t
ic
g
a
r
den lig
hts
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
test
in
g
an
aly
s
is
aim
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
to
o
ls
an
d
m
a
ter
ials
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
an
aly
s
is
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
d
am
ag
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
u
s
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
etails ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
1
.
4
.
1
.
4
.
T
o
o
l c
o
m
po
nent
t
esting
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
a
r
d
en
l
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
i
s
a
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
,
w
h
i
c
h
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
l
i
g
h
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
t
o
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
is
n
e
ce
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
,
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
v
a
l
u
e
,
p
o
w
e
r
,
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
,
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
i
n
s
t
al
l
e
d
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
o
r
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
o
n
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
t
e
s
ti
n
g
a
i
m
s
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
es
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
i
n
e
a
c
h
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
c
a
n
w
o
r
k
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
.
I
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
o
o
l
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
s
o
l
a
r
l
i
g
h
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
ic
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
ls
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
ti
v
e
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
s
e
e
T
a
b
l
e
1
2
.
T
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
p
o
ly
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
o
lar
ce
lls
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
an
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
1
3
%
-
1
6
%.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
w
th
at
s
o
lar
ce
lls
h
av
e
an
av
er
ag
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
1
3
%
f
o
r
s
er
ies cir
cu
its
an
d
1
4
% f
o
r
p
ar
allel
cir
cu
its
,
s
ee
T
ab
le
1
3
.
T
ab
le
11
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
t
esti
n
g
Ty
p
e
o
f
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
n
o
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
A
TM
EG
A
3
2
8
C
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
Tr
i
a
l
s 1
t
o
5
1
2
3
4
5
I
n
p
u
t
s
LD
R
sen
so
r
√
√
√
√
√
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
sen
so
r
√
√
√
√
√
S
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
s
√
√
√
√
√
O
u
t
p
u
t
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
√
√
√
√
√
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
√
√
√
√
√
P
o
w
e
r
√
√
√
√
√
T
ab
le
1
2
.
C
u
r
r
en
t,
v
o
lt
ag
e
,
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
d
ata
b
a
s
ed
o
n
lig
h
t in
te
n
s
ity
No
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
l
i
g
h
t
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
Ti
me
S
e
r
i
e
s
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
P
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
P
o
w
e
r
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
P
o
w
e
r
1
H
i
g
h
1271
1
3
.
0
0
0
.
2
3
3
6
.
5
8
.
4
0
471
0
.
5
5
1
8
.
2
5
1
0
.
0
4
Lo
w
658
0
9
.
0
0
0
.
1
1
24
2
.
6
4
318
0
.
2
2
12
2
.
6
4
2
H
i
g
h
471
1
3
.
0
0
0
.
2
8
3
6
.
5
1
0
.
2
2
471
0
.
5
6
1
8
.
2
5
1
0
.
2
2
Lo
w
318
0
9
.
0
0
0
.
0
6
32
1
.
9
2
318
0
.
1
2
16
1
.
9
2
3
H
i
g
h
1291
1
3
.
0
0
0
.
5
5
1
9
.
3
3
1
0
.
6
3
1295
0
.
5
4
1
9
.
3
0
1
0
.
4
2
Lo
w
957
0
9
.
0
0
0
.
1
2
1
7
.
2
4
2
.
0
7
957
0
.
1
2
1
7
.
2
2
.
0
6
4
H
i
g
h
1190
1
3
.
0
0
0
.
2
8
3
8
.
4
2
1
0
.
7
6
1190
0
.
5
6
1921
1
0
.
7
6
Lo
w
318
0
9
.
0
0
0
.
0
6
32
1
.
9
2
318
0
.
1
2
16
1
.
9
2
5
H
i
g
h
1198
1
3
.
0
0
0
.
5
5
3
8
.
9
8
2
1
.
4
0
1198
0
.
5
5
1
9
.
0
1
0
.
4
5
Lo
w
399
0
9
.
0
0
0
.
0
5
2
8
.
3
5
1
.
4
2
399
0
.
1
0
1
2
.
2
5
1
.
2
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
o
la
r
ce
ll
-
b
a
s
ed
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
t
a
u
to
ma
tio
n
f
o
r
en
viro
n
men
ta
ll
y
fr
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lea
r
n
in
g
(
A
fr
iz
a
l Ma
yu
b
)
1465
T
ab
le
13
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
p
o
wer
r
ea
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
D
a
t
e
Y
i
e
l
d
(
k
W
h
)
S
e
l
f
-
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
(
k
W
h
)
Ex
p
o
r
t
(
k
W
h
)
I
mp
o
r
t
(
k
W
h
)
1
5
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
2
,
5
6
0
1
,
4
8
0
1
,
0
9
0
0
.
0
2
1
6
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
2
,
1
6
0
1
,
2
3
0
929
0
.
0
1
1
8
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
1
,
7
6
0
1
,
0
1
0
753
0
.
0
0
1
9
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
2
,
1
0
0
1
,
2
1
0
887
0
.
0
1
2
1
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
1
,
7
2
0
1
,
0
0
0
719
0
.
0
2
2
2
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
1
,
5
0
0
867
630
0
.
0
1
2
5
/
0
8
/
2
0
2
3
2
,
2
6
0
1
,
3
1
0
951
0
.
0
2
To
t
a
l
1
4
,
0
6
0
8
,
1
0
7
5
,
9
5
9
0
.
0
9
Ev
e
r
a
g
e
2
,
0
0
9
1
,
1
5
8
851
0
.
0
1
4
.
2
.
Desig
n
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
a
ter
ial
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
,
was
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
a
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
.
4
.
2
.
1
.
Desig
n o
f
a
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
o
f
a
n a
uto
m
a
t
ic
s
o
la
r
ce
ll
-
ba
s
ed
g
a
rden
lig
hting
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
a
u
t
o
m
a
tic
g
a
r
d
e
n
li
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
wa
s
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
a
n
d
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
e
d
w
it
h
th
e
a
i
m
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
c
a
n
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
t
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
e
as
y
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
s
o
t
h
a
t
i
t
c
a
n
r
a
i
s
e
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
a
r
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
o
u
s
e
i
t
is
m
a
d
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
s
o
t
h
a
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
c
a
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
w
h
at
is
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
.
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
I
n
a
c
co
r
d
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
l
i
te
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
,
t
h
e
t
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
ls
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
t
o
m
a
k
e
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
ic
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
tin
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
:
l
a
p
t
o
p
,
s
c
is
s
o
r
s
,
c
a
b
l
e
s
,
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
b
o
a
r
d
(
P
C
B
)
h
o
l
e
s
,
L
DR
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
A
T
M
E
G
A
3
2
8
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
,
li
q
u
i
d
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
d
is
p
l
a
y
(
L
C
D
)
,
R
e
l
a
y
s
,
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
ls
,
li
g
h
t
s
a
n
d
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
ar
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
,
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
p
r
o
c
es
s
es
w
e
r
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
m
a
k
i
n
g
a
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
,
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
o
r
a
g
a
r
d
e
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
a
n
d
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
c
i
r
c
u
it
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
o
n
e
i
s
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
f
o
r
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
en
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
A
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
is
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
ll
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
,
a
n
ac
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
a
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
a
r
e
l
a
y
,
a
n
A
T
M
E
G
A
3
2
8
m
ic
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
,
L
C
D.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
is
a
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
4
.
2
.
2
.
Va
lid
a
t
io
n t
est
o
f
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
a
uto
m
a
t
ic
g
a
rden
lig
hting
s
y
s
t
em
pro
du
ct
s
Af
ter
th
e
ass
em
b
ly
o
f
th
e
au
t
o
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
t
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
leted
,
test
in
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
s
o
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
u
s
in
g
it.
T
h
e
as
p
ec
ts
to
b
e
test
ed
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
4
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
s
tated
th
at
all
asp
ec
ts
wo
r
k
ed
v
er
y
well
,
8
9
.
1
4
%.
N
ex
t,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
o
n
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
les in
clu
d
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
p
o
wer
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
f
o
r
m
ak
in
g
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
an
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
e
n
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ass
em
b
ly
o
f
th
e
au
to
m
atic
g
a
r
d
en
lig
h
t sy
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1457
-
1
4
7
1
1466
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
an
au
to
m
atic
g
ar
d
en
lig
h
t sy
s
tem
T
ab
le
1
4
.
Pr
o
to
ty
p
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t r
esu
lts
F
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
sp
e
c
t
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
91%
Ti
me
88%
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
91%
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
92%
D
e
si
g
n
91%
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
90%
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
81
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
8
9
.
1
4
T
ab
le
1
5
.
Data
f
r
o
m
c
u
r
r
e
n
t,
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
No
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
l
i
g
h
t
S
e
r
i
e
s c
i
r
c
u
i
t
S
e
r
i
e
s c
i
r
c
u
i
t
I
(
A
)
V
(
v
o
l
t
)
P
(
w
a
t
t
)
I
(
A
)
V
(
v
o
l
t
)
P
(
w
a
t
t
)
1
318
0
.
0
6
3
2
.
0
0
1
.
9
2
0
.
2
2
1
2
.
0
0
2
.
6
4
2
399
0
.
0
5
2
8
.
3
5
1
.
4
2
0
.
1
0
1
2
.
2
5
1
.
2
3
3
471
0
.
0
5
2
8
.
3
5
1
.
4
2
0
.
5
6
1
8
.
2
5
1
0
.
2
2
4
658
0
.
1
1
2
4
.
0
0
2
.
6
4
0
.
5
6
1
8
.
2
5
1
0
.
2
2
5
957
0
.
1
2
1
7
.
2
4
2
.
0
7
0
.
1
2
1
7
.
2
0
2
.
0
6
6
1190
0
.
2
8
3
8
.
4
2
1
0
.
7
6
0
.
5
6
1
9
.
2
1
1
0
.
7
6
7
1198
0
.
5
5
3
8
.
9
8
2
1
.
4
0
0
.
5
5
1
9
.
0
0
1
0
.
4
5
8
1271
0
.
2
3
3
6
.
5
0
8
.
4
0
0
.
5
5
1
9
.
0
0
1
0
.
4
5
9
1291
0
.
5
5
1
9
.
3
3
1
0
.
6
3
0
.
5
4
1
9
.
3
0
1
0
.
4
2
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
6
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
c
u
r
r
en
t
,
v
o
ltag
e
,
a
n
d
p
o
wer
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l
to
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
s
o
lar
ce
l
ls
h
av
e
an
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
1
3
%
f
o
r
s
er
ies
ci
r
cu
its
an
d
1
4
%
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
cir
cu
its
.
Fro
m
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
,
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
wh
ich
s
tated
th
at
all
a
s
p
ec
ts
w
o
r
k
ed
v
e
r
y
well
at
8
9
.
1
4
%.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
in
l
in
e
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
u
tili
zin
g
s
u
n
lig
h
t
as
an
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
ce
lls
,
s
u
ch
an
elec
tr
ical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
r
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
[
3
7
]
-
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
is
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
v
alid
atio
n
test
b
y
th
r
e
e
m
ed
ia
ex
p
er
t
lectu
r
er
s
an
d
o
n
e
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
Aik
en
v
alid
atio
n
in
d
ex
with
(
8
)
.
V
=
∑
(
−
)
[
(
−
)
]
(
8
)
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
q
u
an
titi
es
m
ea
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
ass
e
s
s
o
r
=
r
,
th
e
lo
west
v
alid
ity
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
co
r
e
=
I
o
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alid
it
y
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
co
r
e
=
c
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ass
ess
o
r
s
=
n
.
Af
ter
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
a
v
alid
atio
n
test
b
y
1
teac
h
er
an
d
3
lectu
r
er
s
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
6
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
6
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
is
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
(
9
0
.
7
5
%)
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
r
ac
ticu
m
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
h
ee
t a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t item
s
lo
o
k
lik
e
T
ab
l
e
1
7
.
T
o
o
b
tain
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
af
ter
u
s
in
g
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
ac
ticu
m
m
an
u
al,
a
p
r
etest
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
class
I
X
MT
S
R
ah
m
atu
llah
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
test
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
,
m
ax
im
u
m
,
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
,
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
s
co
r
es.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
les 1
8
an
d
1
9
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
9
v
alu
es
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as:
=
(
2
−
1
)
(
3
−
1
)
=
(
86
.
8636
−
36
.
3
1
8
2
)
(
100
−
36
.
3
1
8
2
)
=
(
50
.
5454
)
(
63
.
6818
)
=
0
.
7
9
3
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.