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for
ma
nce ana
ly
sis
o
f
PV
inv
erte
rs
with
bif
a
cia
l and mo
no
facia
l panels
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un
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s
hwa
r
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ma
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t
h
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a
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s,
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li
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it
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p
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p
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ic
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i
n
v
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rters
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rit
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n
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g
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t
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n
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r
g
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o
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
term
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is
stu
d
y
d
e
l
v
e
s
in
t
o
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
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o
rien
te
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
V
i
n
v
e
rters
,
with
a
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
fo
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
b
e
twe
e
n
b
if
a
c
ial
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
fa
c
ial
p
a
n
e
ls.
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
is
c
a
rried
o
u
t
b
y
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
a
y
e
a
rly
m
issio
n
p
ro
fil
e
wit
h
a
one
-
m
in
u
te
sa
m
p
le
a
t
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
ia.
A
tes
t
ca
se
o
f
a
3
-
k
W
P
V
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
g
ri
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
is
c
o
n
si
d
e
re
d
.
B
y
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
m
e
tri
c
s
with
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
i
n
d
ica
to
rs,
we
a
im
to
p
ro
v
id
e
a
h
o
li
stic
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
P
V
in
v
e
rters
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
ry
in
g
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
i
n
h
e
re
n
t
t
o
b
o
t
h
p
a
n
e
l
ty
p
e
s.
T
h
e
re
se
a
rc
h
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
d
e
tailed
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u
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io
n
s
a
n
d
fiel
d
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
ly
sis
t
o
c
a
p
tu
re
th
e
n
u
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
i
n
v
e
rter
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
fl
u
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
b
ifac
ial
p
a
n
e
ls,
su
c
h
a
s
th
e
ir
a
b
il
it
y
to
c
a
p
tu
re
li
g
h
t
fr
o
m
b
o
th
sid
e
s,
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
ra
d
it
io
n
a
l
m
o
n
o
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c
ial
p
a
n
e
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th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
su
c
h
a
s
ju
n
c
ti
o
n
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
,
M
CS
,
a
n
d
B1
0
li
fe
ti
m
e
(
sy
ste
m
l
e
v
e
l
(S
L)
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
lev
e
l
(CL))
a
re
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
.
Ke
y
fin
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
th
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
se
d
iffere
n
c
e
s
o
n
i
n
v
e
rter
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
.
T
h
e
Bi
-
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
e
x
h
i
b
it
s
a
d
e
c
re
a
sin
g
tren
d
.
In
I
n
d
ia
,
CL
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
(B
1
0
)
is
d
e
c
re
a
s
e
d
fro
m
3
4
y
e
a
rs
to
1
.
5
y
e
a
rs,
a
n
d
S
L
re
li
a
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il
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(B
1
0
)
is
d
e
c
re
a
se
d
fro
m
2
4
y
e
a
rs
to
1
y
e
a
r
.
In
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
wit
h
m
o
n
o
fa
c
ial
p
a
n
e
ls
,
th
e
t
h
e
rm
a
l
stre
ss
o
n
th
e
P
V
in
v
e
rter
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
b
ifac
ial
p
a
n
e
l
is i
n
c
re
a
se
d
,
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
is d
e
c
re
a
se
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
if
ac
ial
Miss
io
n
p
r
o
f
ile
Mo
n
o
f
ac
ial
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
PV in
v
er
ter
R
eliab
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
n
ee
s
h
war
R
am
av
ath
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
B
.
V.
R
aju
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Nar
s
ap
u
r
,
T
elan
g
an
a,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: m
u
n
ee
s
h
war
.
r
am
a
v
ath
@
b
v
r
it.a
c.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
s
h
if
t
t
o
war
d
s
r
e
n
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
h
as
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
n
ee
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
C
en
tr
al
to
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
PV
in
v
er
ter
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
v
er
t
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
g
en
er
ated
b
y
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
in
to
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
s
an
d
d
o
m
esti
c
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
ese
in
v
e
r
ter
s
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
en
er
g
y
y
ield
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
lo
n
g
e
v
ity
o
f
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
s
in
PV
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
if
ac
ial
p
an
el
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
th
eir
f
r
o
n
t
an
d
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
es,
as
a
p
o
ten
tial
alter
n
ativ
e
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
n
o
f
ac
ial
p
an
els
th
at
o
n
ly
u
tili
ze
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
B
if
ac
ial
p
an
els
p
r
o
m
is
e
h
i
g
h
er
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
,
esp
ec
ially
in
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
wh
er
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
al
b
ed
o
an
d
r
e
f
lectiv
e
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
r
e
ar
-
s
id
e
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
p
an
els
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
n
e
w
d
y
n
am
ics
in
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
er
eb
y
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
PV
in
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
r
elia
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
V
in
v
erter
s
w
ith
b
ifa
cia
l …
(
Mu
n
ee
s
h
w
a
r
R
a
ma
va
th
)
1971
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
as
s
ess
m
en
t
o
f
PV
in
v
er
ter
s
,
with
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
u
tili
zin
g
b
if
ac
ial
an
d
m
o
n
o
f
ac
ial
p
a
n
els.
B
y
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
in
ter
p
la
y
b
etwe
en
p
a
n
el
ty
p
e
an
d
in
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
d
iv
e
r
s
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
we
s
ee
k
to
el
u
cid
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
en
ef
its
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
b
if
ac
ial
p
an
els.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
v
o
lv
es
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
r
etica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies,
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
lex
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
i
n
v
er
ter
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
ese
d
y
n
am
ics
is
e
s
s
en
tial
f
o
r
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
r
s
,
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
er
s
,
a
n
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
aim
in
g
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
PV
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
PV
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
t r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ma
n
y
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
av
e
r
ea
ch
e
d
g
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id
p
ar
ity
with
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lar
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h
o
to
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o
ltaic
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tem
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d
m
an
y
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lan
s
ar
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p
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o
p
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ed
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0
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tili
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o
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g
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y
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0
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0
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Fu
r
th
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m
o
r
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in
th
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n
ex
t
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r
s
,
th
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s
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les
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to
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n
d
er
c
u
t
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
[
1
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
f
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ed
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o
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n
s
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o
r
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er
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d
e
m
an
d
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ten
d
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
PV
m
ar
k
et
ar
e
in
cr
ea
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ed
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e
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g
y
d
em
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d
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ce
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n
s
r
elate
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to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
r
ap
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
PV
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
s
g
lo
b
ally
.
A
r
ec
e
n
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t in
PV p
an
el
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
ce
r
n
ed
with
en
e
r
g
y
y
ield
is
th
e
B
i
-
PV p
an
el.
As t
h
e
n
am
e
im
p
lies
,
it
ca
n
h
ar
v
est
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
s
id
es
,
i.e
.
,
f
r
o
n
t
an
d
r
ea
r
s
id
es
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ich
lea
d
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
e
r
g
y
y
ield
.
He
n
ce
,
th
is
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
attr
ac
te
d
th
e
PV
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
I
E
A
PVPS
r
ep
o
r
t
[
3
]
,
B
i
-
PV
s
h
ar
es
ab
o
u
t
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
PV
ce
ll
m
ar
k
et
in
2
0
2
1
.
B
y
2
0
3
0
.
I
t
is
p
r
ed
icted
t
h
at
th
is
will
r
is
e
to
7
0
%.
T
h
e
m
ar
k
et
s
h
ar
e
o
f
B
i
-
PV
m
o
d
u
les
h
as
b
ee
n
esti
m
ated
at
1
2
%
in
2
0
2
0
an
d
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
g
r
o
w
to
3
0
%
b
y
2
0
3
0
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
ese
ce
lls
will
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
Mo
-
PV
m
o
d
u
les.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
o
f
t
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
wh
ite
b
ac
k
en
ca
p
s
u
lan
ts
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
b
ac
k
s
h
ee
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ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
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Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
f
ac
ilit
ies
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
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n
d
u
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ies o
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th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
B
i
-
PV m
o
d
u
les to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
eir
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
r
ed
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ce
th
eir
c
o
s
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
i
-
PV
p
an
el
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
-
Galleg
o
s
et
a
l.
[
4
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
ich
ty
p
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
le
wo
u
l
d
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
lo
west
lev
elize
d
co
s
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
(
L
C
OE
)
.
I
t
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
al
d
esig
n
f
o
r
s
ites
is
a
B
i
-
PV
m
o
d
u
le
o
n
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
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(
HSAT
)
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
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d
,
Mo
-
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
th
e
leas
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f
icien
t
at
r
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cin
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th
e
L
C
OE
o
f
3
.
1
%
o
f
th
e
lan
d
ar
ea
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Mo
-
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
,
B
i
-
PV
m
o
d
u
les
h
av
e
th
e
lo
west
L
C
OE
in
a
r
ea
s
with
h
ig
h
latitu
d
es.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
co
n
tin
u
e
f
o
r
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e
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t
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ad
e.
B
i
-
PV
m
an
u
f
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r
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s
T
r
in
a
So
lar
,
L
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an
d
L
G
clai
m
u
p
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%
m
o
r
e
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er
g
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ield
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Ab
o
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t
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co
u
n
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ies
h
ad
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d
y
in
s
talled
th
e
B
i
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PV
p
an
els
b
y
th
e
en
d
o
f
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
e
to
tal
in
s
talled
B
i
-
P
V
p
an
el
ca
p
ac
ity
is
8
.
5
3
GW
,
an
d
it i
s
f
o
r
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at
ab
o
u
t 2
1
GW
to
b
e
in
s
talled
b
y
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0
2
4
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
an
n
u
al
b
if
ac
ial
in
s
talled
ca
p
ac
ity
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
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8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
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Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
197
0
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1
9
8
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1972
Fig
u
r
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2
.
Glo
b
al
an
n
u
al
in
s
talled
b
if
ac
ial
s
o
lar
ca
p
ac
ity
[
5
]
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
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e
c
o
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n
t
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Bi
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[
6
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.
Z
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w
e
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a
l
.
[
7
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,
t
h
e
p
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r
f
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r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
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a
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8
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[
9
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.
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[
1
1
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
u
n
tr
y
-
wis
e
Bi
-
PV in
s
talled
ca
p
ac
ity
[
5
]
Me
an
wh
ile,
PV
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
im
p
r
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v
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e
d
esig
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o
r
h
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h
ly
r
elia
b
le
p
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elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
i
-
PV
p
an
el
in
ev
itab
ly
af
f
e
cts
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PV
in
v
er
te
r
,
as
it
o
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er
ates
n
ea
r
ly
th
e
r
ated
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
er
d
u
r
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n
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
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s
e
in
th
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al
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n
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tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
PV
in
v
er
ter
is
r
ep
o
r
te
d
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
n
r
eliab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
lan
ts
ar
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
6
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
ield
s
u
r
v
ey
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
1
t
o
2
0
0
6
o
n
u
n
s
ch
ed
u
led
co
s
ts
an
d
ev
en
ts
o
f
PV p
la
n
ts
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
es 4
an
d
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
5
6
ev
e
n
ts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
PV
in
v
er
ter
,
PV
p
an
els,
ju
n
ctio
n
b
o
x
,
s
y
s
tem
,
AC
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ts
,
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ev
en
ts
,
PV
in
v
er
ter
s
h
ar
es
3
7
%
an
d
th
e
co
s
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
it
is
5
9
%.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
PV
in
v
er
ter
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cia
l
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
d
p
lay
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
I
n
cr
e
ased
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
m
a
y
co
u
n
ter
ac
t
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
B
i
-
PV
p
an
els
,
i.e
.
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
er
g
y
y
ield
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
1
6
]
.
He
n
ce
,
a
life
tim
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
a
PV
in
v
er
ter
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Miss
io
n
p
r
o
f
ile
(
MP)
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
(
SI)
an
d
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
T
A
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
f
ac
to
r
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
PV
in
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
SI
an
d
T
A
o
n
PV
B
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
S
o
l
a
r
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
i
n
M
W
0
5625
1
1250
16875
22500
T
i
me
i
n
Y
e
ar
s
2009
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2024E
21000
5420
2689
315
97
6
0.1
1.5
2
M
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
r
elia
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
V
in
v
erter
s
w
ith
b
ifa
cia
l …
(
Mu
n
ee
s
h
w
a
r
R
a
ma
va
th
)
1973
in
v
er
ter
r
eliab
ilit
y
at
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
9
]
.
Ksh
atr
i
et
a
l.
p
r
esen
te
d
MP
MP
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
r
eliab
ilit
y
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t.
Ho
we
v
er
,
in
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ev
alu
ated
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
n
ly
th
e
Mo
-
PV
p
an
el,
wh
e
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
is
h
a
r
v
e
s
ted
o
n
ly
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e.
R
eliab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ien
ted
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
PV
i
n
v
e
r
ter
s
tu
d
ies
is
also
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
ev
al
u
atio
n
b
etwe
en
b
if
ac
ial
a
n
d
Mo
-
PV
p
an
els
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
a
3
-
k
W
PV
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
y
ea
r
ly
MP
d
ata
f
r
o
m
Hy
d
er
ab
ad
,
I
n
d
ia.
L
if
etim
e
(
L
T
)
s
am
p
les
o
f
1
0
0
0
0
ar
e
g
en
er
a
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
MCS
with
5
%
v
a
r
iatio
n
.
L
T
o
f
PV
i
n
v
er
ter
with
a
1
0
%
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
ea
r
in
g
f
ailu
r
e
(
B
1
0
)
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
lev
el
(
SL)
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t le
v
el
(
C
L
)
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
b
if
ac
ial
a
n
d
Mo
-
PV p
a
n
els.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
u
n
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
e
v
e
n
t
s
[
1
6
]
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
u
n
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
c
o
s
t
s
[
1
6
]
2.
RE
L
I
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
ANA
L
YS
I
S
O
F
P
V
I
NVER
T
E
R
T
h
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
witch
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
ailed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
f
ail
u
r
es
,
wea
r
out
,
an
d
b
o
n
d
wir
e
lifto
f
f
,
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
Ksh
atr
i
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
is
th
e
m
ain
r
e
aso
n
f
o
r
th
e
f
ailu
r
e.
Hen
ce
,
to
o
b
tain
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PV
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
witch
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ev
alu
ated
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
i
n
s
u
lated
g
ate
b
ip
o
lar
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
PV in
v
er
ter
f
o
llo
ws s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
lo
g
g
ing
o
f
m
is
s
io
n pro
f
ile
Yea
r
ly
MP
i.e
.
,
SI
an
d
T
A
p
r
o
f
iles
(
Sep
-
2
0
2
0
to
A
u
g
-
2
0
2
1
)
at
th
e
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
ar
e
lo
g
g
ed
b
y
th
e
PV
w
“
V
R
j
,
N
,
k
,
,
”,
wh
er
e
L
atitu
d
e
is
1
7
.
7
3
9
4
°
N
an
d
L
o
n
g
itu
d
e
is
7
8
.
2
8
4
6
°
E
.
C
MP1
1
Py
r
a
n
o
m
eter
f
r
o
m
Kip
p
a
n
d
Z
o
n
en
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
is
u
s
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
R
T
D
d
ev
ice
f
r
o
m
Kip
p
&
Z
o
n
e
n
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
C
R
3
0
0
0
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
f
r
o
m
C
am
p
b
ell
Ma
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
is
u
s
ed
to
lo
g
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
f
ile.
R
S4
8
5
ca
b
le
is
u
s
ed
a
s
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
b
le
an
d
in
ter
f
ac
ed
to
th
e
C
PU
v
ia
R
S
2
3
2
ca
b
le
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
clim
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
in
I
n
d
ia
is
r
elativ
ely
h
o
t.
Av
er
ag
e
SI
is
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
o
v
er
all
f
o
r
th
e
y
ea
r
at
th
e
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
f
ile
is
lo
g
g
ed
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
[
2
4
]
.
2
.
2
.
J
un
ct
io
n t
em
pera
t
ure
c
a
lcula
t
io
n
T
o
q
u
an
tif
y
th
e
f
ailu
r
es o
f
I
G
B
T
,
its
ju
n
ctio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
T
j)
v
ar
iatio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ass
ess
ed
.
Yea
r
ly
Tj
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
MP.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
T
j,
a
n
el
ec
tr
o
-
th
er
m
al
m
o
d
eli
n
g
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
T
h
e
Fo
s
ter
E
lectr
o
T
h
er
m
al
(
FET
)
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
;
h
en
ce
,
it
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
T
j.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
FET
m
o
d
el
a
r
e
tak
en
f
r
o
m
[
2
1
]
.
2
.
3
.
Ra
inflo
w
a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
an
aly
ze
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
T
j,
a
co
u
n
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
th
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
ain
f
lo
w
c
o
u
n
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
ar
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
th
e
b
N
,
j
j
,
Δ
j.
P
V
I
n
ve
r
te
r
P
V
P
an
e
l
s
Ju
n
c
ti
on
B
o
x
S
ys
te
m
A
C
D
i
s
c
on
n
e
c
ts
D
a
ta
A
c
q
u
i
s
i
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
197
0
-
1
9
8
2
1974
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
f
o
r
r
eliab
i
lity
ass
es
s
m
en
t
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Data
lo
g
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
: (
a)
C
MP1
1
py
r
a
n
o
m
eter
,
(
b
)
R
T
D
d
ev
ice,
an
d
(
c
)
C
R
3
0
0
0
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Yea
r
ly
MP: (
a)
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
(
W
h
/m
2
)
a
n
d
(
b
)
a
m
b
ien
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
o
C
)
2
.
4
.
L
if
et
i
m
e
m
o
del
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
e
r
al
L
T
m
o
d
e
ls
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
p
o
we
r
s
e
m
ic
o
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
.
T
h
ese
a
r
e
c
at
eg
o
r
iz
e
d
in
to
t
wo
t
y
p
es
,
i.e
.
,
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
m
o
d
els
an
d
a
n
al
y
tica
l
m
o
d
e
ls
.
B
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
h
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
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Dr
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s
t
I
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N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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g
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u
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u
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ates
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3
.
1
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1
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Ca
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em
pera
t
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T
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h
ese
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ar
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d
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r
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tly
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l
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ce
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e
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eliab
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d
life
tim
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as
r
e
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h
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al
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ater
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Fo
s
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r
o
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a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
197
0
-
1
9
8
2
1976
eq
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ates
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r
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1
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.
T
j a
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I
n
d
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3
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1
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2
.
Ra
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ly
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T
h
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j
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aly
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d
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y
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s
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g
th
e
r
ain
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lo
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co
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n
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
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wh
ich
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
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o
m
p
lic
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n
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n
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r
e
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r
o
f
ile
in
to
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s
er
ies
o
f
s
im
p
le
th
e
r
m
al
cy
cles
with
a
b
in
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y
d
ig
ital
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o
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at.
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ased
o
n
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aly
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is
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ee
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eter
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e
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m
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er
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jm
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t
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e
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ater
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m
t
em
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F
ig
u
r
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1
1
s
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th
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ar
am
et
er
s
th
at
ar
e
n
ee
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ed
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ate
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al
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atig
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e
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
life
tim
e
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
R
ain
f
lo
w
m
atr
ix
in
th
e
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
3
.
1
.
3
.
L
if
et
im
e
a
nd
M
CS
-
ba
s
ed
re
lia
bil
it
y
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
L
T
f
o
r
s
tatic
v
alu
es
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
f
ailu
r
e
,
b
u
t
p
r
ac
tically
,
it
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le.
Hen
ce
,
ten
th
o
u
s
an
d
s
am
p
les
with
f
iv
e
p
e
r
ce
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ated
u
s
in
g
MCS
.
L
T
is
ca
lcu
lated
at
ea
ch
s
am
p
le
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
an
d
f
itted
in
a
W
eib
u
ll
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
R
(
t)
is
ca
lcu
lated
at
b
o
th
SL
an
d
C
L
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es 1
3
an
d
1
4
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fro
m
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
m
en
tio
n
e
d
,
th
e
B
1
0
lin
e
in
ter
s
ec
tin
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
cu
r
v
e
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
tim
e
at
wh
ich
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
f
ail.
Fo
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
le
v
el
f
ailu
r
es,
th
is
p
o
i
n
t
is
r
ea
ch
ed
at
3
4
y
ea
r
s
,
wh
ile
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
f
ailu
r
es,
it's
r
ea
ch
ed
at
2
4
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
ile
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
a
lo
n
g
er
life
s
p
an
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
as
a
wh
o
le
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
f
ailu
r
e
d
u
e
to
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
b
o
th
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
PV sy
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
m
ain
te
n
an
c
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
r
elia
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
V
in
v
erter
s
w
ith
b
ifa
cia
l …
(
Mu
n
ee
s
h
w
a
r
R
a
ma
va
th
)
1977
3
.
2
.
P
V
inv
er
t
e
r
re
lia
bil
it
y
a
na
ly
s
is
co
ns
i
dering
B
i
-
P
V
pa
nel
I
n
th
is
an
aly
s
is
,
b
if
ac
ial
PV
p
an
els
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
en
er
g
y
y
ield
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
o
n
o
f
ac
ial
p
an
els
.
T
h
e
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
co
n
s
id
er
B
i
-
PV
p
an
els
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
0
%,
3
0
%,
an
d
5
0
%
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
y
ield
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
b
o
th
p
a
n
el
ty
p
es
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
en
ef
its
an
d
ch
all
en
g
es
o
f
ad
o
p
ti
n
g
b
if
ac
ial
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
0
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
er
v
es
as
a
b
aselin
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
eq
u
iv
alen
t
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
b
i
f
ac
ial
an
d
m
o
n
o
f
ac
ial
p
an
els.
T
h
e
3
0
%
a
n
d
5
0
%
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
er
g
y
y
ield
o
n
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
m
etr
ics,
h
elp
in
g
to
q
u
a
n
tify
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
ad
v
an
tag
es o
f
b
if
ac
ial
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
PV in
v
er
ter
life
tim
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
at
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
R
(
t)
in
I
n
d
ia
(
C
L
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
197
0
-
1
9
8
2
1978
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
R
(
t)
at
I
n
d
ia
(
SL)
3
.
2
.
1
.
J
un
ct
io
n t
em
pera
t
ure
ca
lcula
t
io
n
T
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
I
GB
T
th
er
m
al
cy
cle
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
,
th
e
ju
n
ctio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
T
j)
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
Fo
s
ter
elec
tr
o
-
th
er
m
al
m
o
d
el
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
th
e
r
m
al
b
eh
av
io
r
d
r
iv
en
b
y
p
o
we
r
lo
s
s
es.
Sev
er
al
ca
s
es
ar
e
an
al
y
z
ed
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
a
B
i
-
f
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
with
a
0
%,
30%
,
an
d
5
0
%
h
ig
h
er
en
er
g
y
y
ield
r
elate
d
to
a
h
i
g
h
er
in
v
er
t
er
lo
ad
a
n
d
t
h
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
m
ea
n
T
j
v
alu
es
in
th
ese
ca
s
es
ar
e
il
lu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
,
wh
ich
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
y
ield
a
n
d
its
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
I
GB
T
th
er
m
a
ls
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
Av
er
ag
e
T
j a
t
th
e
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
3
.
2
.
2
.
Ra
inflo
w
co
un
t
ing
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
ju
n
ctio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
T
j
)
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
ain
f
lo
w
co
u
n
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ic
h
is
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
t
h
er
m
al
f
atig
u
e
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
e
n
ab
les
t
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
er
m
al
cy
cles
f
r
o
m
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
T
j
p
r
o
f
iles
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
d
ev
ice
s
tr
ess
.
Key
T
j
b
N
,
j
j
,
w
Δ
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
to
q
u
an
tify
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
Bi
-
PV p
an
el
u
n
d
er
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
o
f
0
%,
3
0
%,
a
n
d
5
0
% in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
er
g
y
y
ield
,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
L
if
et
im
e
a
nd
M
CS
-
ba
s
ed
re
lia
bil
it
y
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
L
T
f
o
r
s
tatic
v
alu
es
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
f
ailu
r
e
,
b
u
t
p
r
ac
tically
it
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le.
Hen
ce
,
ten
th
o
u
s
an
d
s
am
p
les
with
5
%
v
a
r
iatio
n
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ated
u
s
in
g
M
C
S
wh
en
a
Bi
-
PV
p
an
el
with
0
%,
3
0
%,
a
n
d
5
0
%
en
er
g
y
y
ield
.
L
T
is
ca
lcu
lated
at
ea
c
h
s
am
p
le
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
an
d
f
itted
i
n
a
W
eib
u
ll
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
r
elia
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f P
V
in
v
erter
s
w
ith
b
ifa
cia
l …
(
Mu
n
ee
s
h
w
a
r
R
a
ma
va
th
)
1979
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
R
(
t)
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
at
b
o
th
SL
a
n
d
C
L
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
.
T
h
e
C
L
an
d
SL
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
Bi
-
PV
p
an
el
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
1
8
a
n
d
1
9
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
B
i
-
PV
p
an
el
ex
h
ib
its
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
.
In
I
n
d
ia
,
C
L
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
B
1
0
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
3
4
y
ea
r
s
to
1
y
ea
r
,
an
d
SL
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
B
1
0
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
4
y
ea
r
s
to
1
y
ea
r
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
m
o
n
o
f
ac
ial
p
an
els
,
th
e
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
PV in
v
er
ter
d
u
e
to
th
e
b
if
ac
ial
p
a
n
el
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
R
ain
f
lo
w
m
atr
ix
in
th
e
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
PV
in
v
er
ter
lif
etim
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
at
I
n
d
ia
lo
ca
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.