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u
e
n
cy
d
o
m
ain
m
eth
o
d
s
[
6
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
o
n
lin
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
in
v
o
lv
e
test
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
wh
ile
t
h
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
is
in
o
p
er
atio
n
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Var
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
SG,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
U
n
s
ce
n
ted
Kalm
an
f
ilter
(
UKF)
[
9
]
,
a
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
I
ter
ated
Un
s
ce
n
ted
Kalm
a
n
Fil
ter
.
(
C
I
UKF)
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
m
ax
im
u
m
-
lik
elih
o
o
d
e
s
tim
atio
n
[
1
4
]
,
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
tr
ajec
to
r
y
s
en
s
itiv
ities
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
ad
a
p
tiv
e
m
o
d
el
[
7
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
2
2
]
,
an
d
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
d
y
n
am
ic
test
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Dy
n
am
ic
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
o
f
SG
s
er
v
e
a
s
ess
en
tial
to
o
ls
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
eir
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
p
r
ed
ictin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
el
s
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
d
esig
n
in
g
,
a
n
aly
zin
g
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
SGs
in
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Dy
n
am
ic
test
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
o
p
er
atin
g
SG
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
an
d
s
u
b
-
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
r
ea
ctan
ce
[
2
6
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
er
e
ar
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
o
f
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
r
o
m
th
ese
test
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
itu
atio
n
s
wh
er
e
p
r
ec
is
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
q
u
ick
ly
(
s
u
ch
as
d
u
r
in
g
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
s
h
u
td
o
wn
s
)
,
u
s
in
g
r
ea
d
ily
a
v
ai
lab
le
to
o
ls
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
e
r
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
SG
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
id
en
tific
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
-
g
r
a
d
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
latio
n
(
PS
S/E)
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
PS
S/E
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
r
o
ject
f
o
r
s
y
s
t
em
id
en
tific
atio
n
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
b
eh
av
io
r
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tic
ality
o
f
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
co
m
p
lem
en
t
t
h
e
f
ield
o
r
s
ite
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
as
it
en
ab
les
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
y
n
am
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
test
s
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ately
d
er
iv
in
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
SG
v
ia
s
y
s
tem
id
en
tific
atio
n
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic
test
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
I
t
p
r
esen
ts
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
test
s
to
d
er
iv
e
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
an
SG.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
d
etails
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
lin
g
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
SG
s
tan
d
a
r
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Sectio
n
3
o
v
er
v
iews
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
c
y
cle
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
(
C
C
PP
)
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
g
en
er
ato
r
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
elec
te
d
d
y
n
am
ic
m
o
d
els,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
PS
S/E.
I
n
Secti
o
n
5
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fin
ally
,
Sectio
n
6
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
-
l
o
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
ex
citatio
n
r
em
o
v
al
test
,
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
-
ax
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
ar
b
itra
r
y
-
a
x
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
an
d
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
s
atu
r
atio
n
test
in
PS
S/E.
2
.
1
.
Dire
ct
a
x
is
-
lo
a
d r
ej
ec
t
io
n t
est
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
-
ax
is
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
,
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
,
id
ea
lly
at
ze
r
o
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
f
ield
test
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
is
5
.
8
MW
with
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
we
r
o
f
-
1
6
.
5
MV
AR
f
o
r
th
e
s
team
t
u
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
(
STG3
)
a
n
d
2
.
3
MW
with
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
-
1
6
.
1
MV
AR
f
o
r
th
e
g
as
tu
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
(
GT
G1
&
GT
G2
)
.
T
h
e
d
-
a
x
is
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
1
a
n
d
th
e
(
1
)
-
(
3
)
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
o
u
tlin
e
h
o
w
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
D
-
ax
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
in
PS
S/E:
i)
Step
1
: L
o
ad
th
e
.
s
av
ca
s
e
f
ile
an
d
.
s
ld
f
ile.
ii)
Step
2
: Red
u
ce
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
l
o
ad
to
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ield
test
.
iii)
Step
3
: So
lv
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
ch
ec
k
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
.
iv
)
Step
4
: Pr
ep
ar
e
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ted
ca
s
e:
a)
C
o
n
v
er
t g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
an
d
lo
ad
s
:
Go
to
Po
wer
f
lo
w
>
C
o
n
v
er
t
L
o
ad
s
an
d
Gen
e
r
ato
r
s
.
b)
Or
d
er
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
atr
i
x
o
p
er
atio
n
s
:
Go
to
Po
wer
f
lo
w
>
So
lu
tio
n
>
Or
d
er
Netwo
r
k
f
o
r
Ma
tr
ix
Op
er
atio
n
s
.
c)
Facto
r
ize
th
e
ad
m
ittan
ce
m
atr
i
x
: G
o
to
Po
wer
f
l
o
w
>
So
lu
tio
n
>
Facto
r
ize
Ad
m
ittan
ce
Ma
t
r
ix
.
d)
Set
u
p
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
s
tu
d
ies:
Go
to
Po
wer
f
l
o
w
>
So
lu
tio
n
>
So
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
Switch
in
g
Stu
d
ies.
v)
Step
5
: L
o
ad
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
f
ile
(
.
d
y
r
)
: G
o
to
Fil
e
>
Op
en
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1658
-
1
6
7
2
1660
v
i)
Step
6
: D
ef
in
e
ch
an
n
els f
o
r
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t: Go
to
Dy
n
a
m
ics >
C
h
an
n
el
Setu
p
W
izar
d
>
E
T
R
M.
v
ii)
Step
7
: Per
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
:
(
a)
Def
in
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ile
a
n
d
i
n
itialize
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
:
Go
t
o
Dy
n
am
ics
>
Simu
latio
n
>
Per
f
o
r
m
Simu
latio
n
.
(
b
)
Simu
late
p
r
e
-
f
au
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
: G
o
to
Dy
n
a
m
ics >
Simu
latio
n
>
Per
f
o
r
m
Simu
latio
n
>
2
0
s
.
(
c)
Ap
p
ly
th
e
f
a
u
lt b
y
o
p
en
i
n
g
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
cir
cu
it b
r
ea
k
er
.
(
d
)
Simu
late
th
e
f
au
lt d
u
r
atio
n
: G
o
to
Dy
n
am
ics >
Simu
latio
n
>
Per
f
o
r
m
Simu
latio
n
>
6
0
s
.
v
iii)
Step
8
: Plo
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t f
ile
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
r
esu
lts
: G
o
to
Fil
e
>
Op
en
.
=
°
(
1
)
′
=
°
(
2
)
′′
=
°
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
y
p
ical
tr
an
s
ien
t r
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
g
en
er
at
o
r
ter
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
-
ax
is
test
2
.
2
.
Q
ua
dra
t
ure
-
a
x
is
lo
a
d r
ej
ec
t
io
n t
est
T
o
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
q
-
a
x
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
th
e
d
-
ax
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
with
o
n
e
k
ey
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
Step
2
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
lo
a
d
to
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e,
th
e
l
o
ad
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
d
ju
s
ted
u
n
til
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
g
le
is
9
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
o
b
tain
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
-
ax
is
test
.
T
h
i
s
en
s
u
r
es
p
r
o
p
e
r
alig
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
q
-
a
x
is
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
-
ax
is
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
th
e
n
b
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
(
4
)
-
(
6
)
[
2
9
]
.
=
√
2
−
2
°
(
4
)
′′
=
√
2
−
2
−
√
2
−
2
°
(
5
)
′′
=
°
(
6
)
W
h
er
e:
°
is
th
e
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
cu
r
r
en
t
2
.
3
.
Arbit
ra
r
y
a
x
is
lo
a
d r
e
j
e
ct
io
n t
est
T
h
e
ar
b
it
r
ar
y
a
x
is
l
o
ad
r
ej
ec
t
io
n
t
est
f
o
ll
o
ws
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
as
d
esc
r
i
b
e
d
in
t
h
e
d
-
a
x
is
l
o
a
d
r
ej
ec
t
io
n
t
est
,
wit
h
tw
o
m
o
d
i
f
i
ca
ti
o
n
s
.
I
n
S
te
p
2
,
i
n
s
te
a
d
o
f
a
d
j
u
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
at
o
r
l
o
a
d
t
o
t
h
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
v
al
u
e
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
era
to
r
s
ystem
id
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
via
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yn
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mic
s
i
mu
la
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n
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s
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g
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/E:
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imi
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u
s
t b
e
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e
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u
ce
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o
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n
s
t
ep
6
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
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el
s
et
u
p
s
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o
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l
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e
th
e
s
p
e
e
d
(
S
PD)
r
at
h
e
r
t
h
an
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
a
l
v
o
lt
ag
e
(
E
T
R
M
)
.
T
h
e
i
n
e
r
ti
a
t
im
e
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
(
H
)
c
an
b
e
d
et
e
r
m
i
n
ed
b
ase
d
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
a
n
d
(
7
)
.
=
°
×
°
2
×
×
(
7
)
W
h
er
e:
: I
n
itial sl
o
p
e,
°
: Bas
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
°
: lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
2
.
4
.
O
pen c
ircuit
s
a
t
ura
t
io
n
t
est
T
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
th
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
s
atu
r
atio
n
test
,
it
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
o
u
tlin
ed
in
th
e
d
-
ax
is
lo
ad
r
ejec
tio
n
test
,
with
two
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
.
I
n
S
tep
2
,
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
et
to
o
p
en
in
s
tead
o
f
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
lo
ad
.
I
n
S
tep
7
(
c
)
,
in
s
tead
o
f
ap
p
ly
in
g
a
f
au
lt,
it
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
s
et
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ex
citer
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
s
tep
s
o
f
0
.
1
p
er
u
n
it
(
p
u
)
u
n
til
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
ter
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e
is
r
ea
ch
ed
.
T
h
e
d
-
ax
is
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
a
n
d
(
8
)
an
d
(
9
)
.
1
.
0
=
−
−
(
8
)
1
.
2
=
−
−
(
9
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Der
iv
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
in
e
r
tia
tim
e
co
n
s
tan
t
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
y
p
ical
o
p
en
-
cir
c
u
it satu
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1658
-
1
6
7
2
1662
2
.
5
.
E
x
cit
a
t
io
n r
emo
v
a
l
t
est
T
h
e
e
x
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
t
es
t
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
as
t
h
e
d
-
a
x
i
s
l
o
a
d
r
e
j
e
c
ti
o
n
t
e
s
t
,
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
m
o
d
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
S
t
ep
2
,
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
at
o
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
b
r
ea
k
e
r
i
s
s
e
t
t
o
o
p
e
n
i
n
s
t
ea
d
o
f
a
d
ju
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
.
I
n
S
t
e
p
7
(
c
)
,
t
h
e
e
x
c
i
t
e
r
f
i
e
l
d
c
i
r
c
u
it
b
r
e
a
k
e
r
i
s
o
p
e
n
e
d
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
a
f
a
u
l
t
o
r
m
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
e
x
c
i
te
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
d
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
ts
a
l
lo
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
e
x
e
c
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
c
i
t
at
i
o
n
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
t
es
t
.
3.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
C
C
PP
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
as
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
lan
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
clu
d
es
t
wo
g
as
t
u
r
b
in
e
u
n
its
(
GT
G1
a
n
d
GT
G2
)
a
n
d
o
n
e
s
team
tu
r
b
in
e
u
n
it
(
STG3
)
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
f
o
r
m
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
b
lo
ck
with
in
th
e
p
lan
t.
T
h
e
SG
g
en
er
ato
r
r
atin
g
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
n
it
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
T
h
e
s
team
tu
r
b
in
e
u
n
it
(
STG3
)
is
r
ated
a
t
1
4
6
.
2
5
MV
A,
o
p
er
ates
at
1
3
.
8
k
V,
an
d
h
as
a
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
8
.
I
t
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
a
s
team
tu
r
b
in
e
with
a
n
a
m
ep
late
r
atin
g
o
f
1
1
7
MW
.
ii)
T
h
e
g
as
tu
r
b
i
n
e
u
n
its
(
GT
G1
a
n
d
GT
G2
)
ar
e
b
o
th
r
ated
at
1
3
4
.
6
2
5
MV
A,
o
p
er
a
te
at
1
5
k
V,
an
d
h
av
e
a
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
8
.
T
h
ey
a
r
e
d
r
i
v
e
n
b
y
eith
e
r
n
atu
r
al
g
as o
r
d
is
till
ate
o
il
-
f
ir
ed
tu
r
b
in
es.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
to
r
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
GE
NR
OU)
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
g
as
an
d
s
team
u
n
it
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
,
as
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
b
y
[
3
0
]
.
GE
NR
OU
is
a
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
im
u
late
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
SGs
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
a
cir
cu
lar
r
o
to
r
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
l
es
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etis
m
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
en
ab
les
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
'
s
b
eh
av
i
o
r
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
an
d
ex
citatio
n
lev
els
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
GE
NR
OU
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
t
in
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
to
r
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
u
n
d
e
r
d
iv
er
s
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
GE
NR
OU
m
o
d
el,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
s
atu
r
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
e
b
l
o
ck
d
i
ag
r
am
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
in
[
3
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
C
PP
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
4
.
1
.
RE
SUL
T
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
GT
G
1
an
d
GT
G2
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
o
n
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
s
h
ar
e
th
e
s
am
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
STG3
is
p
r
esen
ted
s
ep
ar
ately
d
u
e
to
its
d
is
tin
ct
d
esig
n
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ich
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
o
f
G
T
G1
an
d
GT
G2
.
T
h
is
s
ep
ar
atio
n
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
co
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
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2088
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8
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4
S
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ch
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.