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[
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I
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16
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Sep
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20
25
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206
3
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9
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e
w
a
b
le
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.
W
i
n
d
a
n
d
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
,
i
n
p
a
r
ti
c
u
l
a
r
,
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
e
d
a
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
w
i
d
es
p
r
e
ad
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
il
i
t
y
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
d
o
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
f
u
e
l
,
a
r
e
e
a
s
y
t
o
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
,
a
n
d
n
e
e
d
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
r
e
c
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
c
a
n
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
l
y
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
t
r
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
n
e
s
a
t
a
lo
w
e
r
c
o
s
t
,
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
m
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
li
m
i
t
at
i
o
n
s
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
wi
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
,
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
a
b
l
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
il
i
t
y
o
f
w
i
n
d
a
n
d
s
o
l
a
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
w
h
i
c
h
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
m
a
k
e
s
it
c
h
a
l
le
n
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
el
y
s
o
l
e
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
t
o
r
e
p
la
c
e
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
g
r
i
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
l
o
a
d
-
s
h
e
d
d
i
n
g
e
v
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
w
it
h
b
a
c
k
u
p
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
l
i
k
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
d
i
e
s
e
l
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
is
o
f
t
e
n
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
[
1
5
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
A
n
i
n
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
at
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
(
PV
)
a
r
r
a
y
s
,
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
u
n
i
t
s
(
E
S
U
s
)
,
wi
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
,
a
n
d
a
s
t
a
n
d
b
y
d
i
e
s
e
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
i
s
b
e
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
-
s
h
e
d
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
.
I
t
i
s
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
te
d
t
h
at
h
y
b
r
i
d
i
z
at
i
o
n
w
i
l
l r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
i
n
i
n
f
r
as
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
c
o
s
t
s
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
n
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
t
m
a
y
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
t
h
e
i
n
te
r
m
i
t
t
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
is
tu
r
b
e
d
g
r
i
d
(
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
l
o
a
d
s
h
e
d
d
i
n
g
)
.
O
p
t
i
m
i
za
t
i
o
n
an
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
p
o
o
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
m
i
g
h
t
h
a
v
e
d
e
t
r
i
m
e
n
ta
l
e
f
f
e
c
ts
,
s
u
c
h
as
t
u
r
n
i
n
g
o
f
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
o
a
n
e
s
s
e
n
t
ia
l
s
e
r
v
i
ce
(
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
m
i
l
it
a
r
y
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
)
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
m
o
d
eled
a
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
u
s
es
s
o
lar
PV,
b
io
m
ass
,
d
iese
l
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
an
d
b
atter
ies
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
I
v
o
k
o
v
i
llag
e
in
E
n
u
g
u
State,
Nig
er
ia.
Hy
b
r
id
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
a
n
im
al
waste
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
icity
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
eg
io
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
en
o
u
g
h
ac
ce
s
s
to
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
way
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
p
o
wer
is
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
an
d
h
as
ex
ce
llen
t
tech
n
ical
v
iab
ilit
y
b
ec
au
s
e
an
im
al
waste
an
d
s
u
n
lig
h
t
ar
e
ab
u
n
d
a
n
tly
av
ailab
le.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PS
O)
an
d
HO
ME
R
Pro
s
o
f
twar
e
to
ascer
tai
n
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
at
is
an
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
with
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
en
er
g
y
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ef
f
ec
ts
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
iab
ilit
y
ar
e
th
e
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
a
r
u
r
al
m
icr
o
g
r
id
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
m
ain
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
I
n
t
eg
r
atin
g
PS
O
with
HOM
E
R
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
n
ew
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
W
h
ile
HOM
E
R
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
etailed
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
PS
O
en
h
an
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
b
y
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
ac
e
;
ii)
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
an
e
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
(
E
MS)
c
o
n
ce
p
t
to
e
f
f
icien
tly
m
a
n
ag
e
e
n
er
g
y
with
in
a
s
elf
-
s
u
f
f
icien
t
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
an
o
p
t
im
al
s
izin
g
m
o
d
el
to
f
in
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
HR
E
S
d
es
ig
n
u
s
in
g
PS
O
an
d
HOM
E
R
Pro
s
o
f
twar
e
;
iii)
De
v
elo
p
an
d
test
cu
s
to
m
ized
v
a
r
i
an
ts
o
f
PS
O
d
ea
ls
with
th
e
s
p
e
cif
ic
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
PS
O
ad
ju
s
ts
p
ar
am
eter
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tag
e
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
e
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
was
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
I
v
o
k
o
v
illag
e
in
E
n
u
g
u
State,
Nig
er
ia,
u
tili
zin
g
PS
O
an
d
HOM
E
R
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
m
icr
o
g
r
id
d
esig
n
ar
e
to
lo
wer
th
e
v
illag
e'
s
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
co
s
ts
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
h
o
w
well
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
will
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
v
er
its
2
5
-
y
ea
r
life
s
p
an
is
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
is
b
ased
o
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
r
elativ
ely
id
ea
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
b
u
t
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
f
ac
to
r
s
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
iab
les,
in
clu
d
e
th
e
ag
i
n
g
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
les,
p
o
ten
tial
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
o
v
er
tim
e,
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
g
r
id
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
b
io
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ich
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
r
is
e
an
n
u
ally
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
c
r
u
cial
to
ass
ess
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les.
E
v
alu
atin
g
s
u
c
h
a
s
y
s
tem
in
v
o
lv
es
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
v
ar
i
ab
les
an
d
th
eir
ef
f
ec
ts
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
ly
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
a
co
m
p
lex
ch
allen
g
e
.
T
h
e
HOM
E
R
an
aly
s
is
d
etailed
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
iles
with
r
eso
u
r
ce
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
d
ata
was
ap
p
lied
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
as
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
an
d
2
.
PS
O
d
eter
m
i
n
es
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
b
alan
ce
s
co
s
t,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
,
wh
ich
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
tech
n
ical,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
d
y
n
am
ic
r
e
-
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wh
er
e
d
esig
n
to
u
p
d
ate
n
ew
d
ata
an
d
ch
an
g
in
g
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
ts
to
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
a
n
d
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f h
yb
r
id
micro
g
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
s
ystem
…
(
Th
eres
a
C
h
in
ye
r
e
Og
b
u
a
n
y
a
)
2065
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
c
h
e
m
at
i
c
of
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
le
c
tr
i
c
l
o
ad
of
t
h
e
hy
br
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
2
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
PV sy
s
tem
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
u
t
ca
n
b
e
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
[
2
2
]
:
(
)
=
(
)
×
×
(
)
×
(
1
+
(
−
)
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
ize(
k
W
)
,
is
th
e
d
er
atin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t,
is
PV
p
late
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
is
n
o
m
in
al
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
is
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
d
ex
.
T
k
is
PV
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ce
ll,
T
wp
is
th
e
ty
p
ical
PV c
ell
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
test
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
ba
nk
m
o
delin
g
T
h
e
s
tate
o
f
ea
ch
b
atter
y
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
atter
ies
at
a
p
ar
t
icu
lar
s
tag
e
is
ap
p
lied
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
an
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
tim
e
is
an
a
ly
ze
d
in
(
2
)
[
2
2
]
:
(
)
=
(
−
1
)
+
(
)
×
α
CC
×
σ
C
HG
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
r
esid
u
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
en
er
g
y
α
CC
is
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
g
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
σ
C
HG
is
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
(
3
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
:
≤
(
)
≤
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
206
3
-
2
0
7
1
2066
w
h
er
e,
is
th
e
SOC
m
in
im
u
m
co
ef
f
icien
t,
SOC
is
th
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
,
an
d
is
th
e
SO
C
m
ax
im
u
m
c
o
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
SOC
co
ef
f
icien
t is:
=
1
−
(
4)
DOD
is
th
e
lev
el
o
f
b
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
2
.
3
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
t
he
bio
g
a
s
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
to
tal
(
in
m
ass
)
o
f
s
o
lid
d
u
n
g
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
d
ef
in
ed
in
(
5
)
t
o
(
8
)
.
T
h
e
s
o
lid
d
r
y
waste
m
ass
:
(
)
=
×
(
5
)
N
v
is
th
e
an
im
al'
s
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
,
wh
ile
C
e
is
th
e
s
o
lu
b
le
an
im
a
l m
an
u
r
e
p
er
d
a
y
(
k
g
)
.
B
io
g
as’
v
o
lu
m
e
,
(
)
=
×
(
6
)
Y
is
g
en
er
ated
b
io
g
as
o
f
to
tal
d
r
y
m
ass
b
etwe
en
0
.
2
m
3
kg
-
1
t
o
0
.
4
m
3
kg
-
1
,
M
d
is
th
e
in
p
u
t
m
ass
o
f
dung
.
Als
o
,
th
e
b
io
g
as e
n
e
r
g
y
g
en
er
ated
c
an
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
7
)
.
=
ɳ
×
×
(
7
)
Her
e
,
H
b
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
b
u
r
n
in
g
h
ea
t
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
io
g
as,
a
n
d
ɳ
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
er
iv
in
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
is
v
ia
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
(
8
)
[
2
7
]
:
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
u
m
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
is
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
q
u
an
tity
i
n
k
W
.
=
×
×
1
24ℎ
×
ℎ
3412
(
8
)
2
.
4
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
m
o
del o
f
t
he
o
bje
ct
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
b
jectiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
ea
ls
with
t
h
e
m
in
im
iz
atio
n
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
c
o
s
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
[
2
2
]
:
(
)
=
∑
+
+
+
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
s
t
,
in
clu
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
co
s
ts
,
ca
p
ital
co
s
ts
,
m
ain
ten
an
ce
c
o
s
ts
,
f
u
el
co
s
ts
,
an
d
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
,
is
an
aly
ze
d
(
1
0
)
:
=
∑
+
+
&
+
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t p
o
wer
b
ala
n
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
b
etwe
en
lo
a
d
d
em
a
n
d
a
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
.
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
:
l
o
a
d
c
o
n
v
bat
pv
b
i
o
P
P
P
P
P
+
+
+
(
1
1
)
2
.
5
.
L
o
a
d e
nerg
y
estim
a
t
io
n dem
a
nd
T
h
e
lo
ad
d
ata
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
an
aly
s
es
th
at
ar
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
h
av
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
n
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
lo
ad
,
b
u
s
in
ess
lo
ad
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
em
an
d
,
a
n
d
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
d
em
a
n
d
,
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
th
at
ar
e
co
v
e
r
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
was
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
h
ea
lth
ce
n
ter
,
elem
en
t
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l,
s
h
o
p
s
,
an
d
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
ts
.
Fig
u
r
es
1
an
d
2
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
e
s
tim
ated
d
aily
to
tal
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
in
k
W
h
an
d
p
ea
k
lo
ad
,
wh
ich
ar
e
6
2
3
k
W
h
an
d
5
7
.
4
9
kW
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
2
.
6
.
P
s
eudo
co
de
o
f
t
he
P
SO
i)
I
n
itialize
th
e
p
ar
ticle
v
elo
citie
s
,
positio
n
s
,
ite
r
a
tion
c
ount
e
r
,
gl
ob
a
l
b
e
s
t
,
,
pe
r
s
on
a
l
b
e
s
t
ii)
Gen
er
ate
a
s
et
o
f
r
a
n
d
o
m
p
ar
ti
cles (
P)
iii)
Fo
r
ev
er
y
p
ar
ticle
(
i)
-
E
v
alu
ate
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
f
i)
-
Up
d
ate
th
e
g
lo
b
al
b
est
,
g
b
est,
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ticle'
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
b
est
iv
)
R
ep
ea
t u
n
til th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
is
r
ea
ch
ed
:
-
Fo
r
ev
er
y
p
ar
ticle
(
i
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
a
n
d
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f h
yb
r
id
micro
g
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
s
ystem
…
(
Th
eres
a
C
h
in
ye
r
e
Og
b
u
a
n
y
a
)
2067
-
Up
d
ate
th
e
p
ar
ticle’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
,
a
n
d
ve
l
oc
ity
-
I
f
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
d
e
f
in
ed
lim
it,
s
et
ℎ
-
R
ec
alcu
late
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
i
-
Up
d
ate
th
e
g
lo
b
al
b
est
,
g
b
est,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
b
est
v)
E
n
d
f
o
r
v
i)
E
n
d
wh
ile
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
ab
le
s
1
an
d
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
o
f
Oji
-
R
iv
er
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
u
s
in
g
HOM
E
R
an
d
PS
O
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
b
io
g
as
s
y
s
tem
was
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
b
ase
ca
s
e
s
y
s
t
em
,
an
d
th
e
b
io
g
as
s
y
s
tem
d
iesel
p
r
ice
was
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
co
n
s
tan
t
at
3
to
n
s
wh
ile
th
e
m
ass
o
f
d
iesel
p
r
ice
v
ar
ied
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ate
d
an
d
t
h
e
NPC
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ea
ch
ca
s
e
wer
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
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1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.