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Vo
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14
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5
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20
25
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p
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G
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ts
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p
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rsu
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t
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re
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s.
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h
u
s,
a
c
a
d
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m
ic
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stit
u
t
io
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s
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o
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ti
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is
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c
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ts
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se
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ip
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a
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d
te
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m
p
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e
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su
lt
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tras
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to
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m
m
e
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ti
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y
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d
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m
ic
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stit
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ti
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n
s
to
m
e
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t
th
e
n
e
e
d
s o
f
th
e
i
n
d
u
stry
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
ar
ee
r
s
k
ills
Hu
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
g
r
ad
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ates
J
o
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co
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eten
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J
o
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m
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ce
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ea
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p
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s
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p
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n
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c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
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lee
Sad
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g
-
Pas
cu
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Dep
ar
tm
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s
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Ad
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n
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,
Facu
lty
o
f
B
u
s
in
ess
,
Acc
o
u
n
tan
c
y
an
d
Pu
b
lic
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
I
s
ab
ela
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
E
ch
ag
u
e,
I
s
ab
ela,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
E
m
ail: p
ascu
ad
ah
lee@g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Aca
d
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
o
n
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o
f
th
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av
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u
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f
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r
p
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ev
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4
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0
.
Fu
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C
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I
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titu
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Per
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ates
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[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
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ac
co
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d
in
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to
th
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u
p
d
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Ph
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HE
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[
2
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o
b
s
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v
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th
at
t
h
e
cu
r
r
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m
in
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ca
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tem
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ap
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r
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p
p
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Jo
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[
3
]
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r
ef
lectin
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eir
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m
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eten
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p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
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i
n
a
n
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
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th
ey
m
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s
t
d
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co
m
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etitiv
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m
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eten
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at
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ar
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o
th
er
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.
W
i
th
th
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HE
I
s
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ld
wid
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ar
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ee
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k
p
lace
s
[
4
]
,
wh
ich
ar
e
m
o
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e
s
tr
u
ctu
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ed
,
s
y
s
tem
atic,
d
elib
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ate,
an
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ev
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ased
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,
r
esear
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u
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[
5
]
.
T
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o
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m
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g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
t
h
e
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Scien
ce
in
B
u
s
in
ess
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
m
ajo
r
in
Hu
m
an
R
eso
u
r
ce
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
(
HR
M)
o
f
th
e
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
B
u
s
in
ess
,
Acc
o
u
n
tan
cy
,
an
d
Pu
b
lic
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
I
s
ab
ela
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
alo
n
g
th
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
:
i
)
jo
b
co
m
p
eten
cies;
ii
)
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
;
an
d
iii
)
team
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
as
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
k
ey
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
if
th
er
e
is
a
g
ap
b
et
wee
n
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
th
e
ac
a
d
em
e.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
b
en
ef
it
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
HR
M
d
eg
r
ee
co
u
r
s
es
as
a
b
asis
f
o
r
r
ev
iewin
g
an
d
r
ev
is
in
g
th
eir
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
,
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
s
tr
ateg
y
,
wh
ich
is
m
an
d
ated
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
th
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
C
HE
D)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will
al
s
o
p
r
ep
a
r
e
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
al
4
to
en
s
u
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
q
u
a
lity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
all.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
m
is
m
atch
b
etwe
en
th
e
ac
a
d
em
e
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
will
p
r
o
d
u
ce
q
u
ality
g
r
ad
u
ates
th
at
q
u
alif
y
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
co
m
p
eten
cy
n
ee
d
s
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
o
f
th
e
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Scien
ce
in
B
u
s
in
ess
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
-
Hu
m
an
R
eso
u
r
ce
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
(
B
SB
A
-
H
R
M)
o
f
th
e
I
s
ab
ela
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
–
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
B
u
s
in
ess
,
Acc
o
u
n
tan
cy
,
an
d
Pu
b
lic
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
.
A
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
1
8
2
g
r
ad
u
ates
was
r
an
d
o
m
ly
ch
o
s
en
u
s
in
g
C
o
ch
r
an
’
s
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
r
o
m
a
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
3
4
3
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
1
9
to
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
4
3
co
m
p
an
ies
wh
er
e
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
wer
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
willin
g
to
an
s
wer
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
u
s
,
4
3
im
m
e
d
iate
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
o
r
em
p
lo
y
er
s
wer
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
ely
ch
o
s
en
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
jo
b
co
m
p
eten
cies,
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
an
d
team
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
a
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ad
o
p
ted
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
Hin
ch
liff
e
an
d
J
o
lly
[
6
]
an
d
Gar
b
u
tt
et
a
l.
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
in
a
Go
o
g
le
F
o
r
m
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
A
4
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
with
1
.
0
0
,
d
es
cr
ib
ed
as
p
o
o
r
a
n
d
4
.
0
0
as e
x
ce
llen
t,
was u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
d
ata
co
llect
ed
wer
e
tab
u
lated
an
d
a
n
aly
z
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
SP
SS
u
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
an
d
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
es
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
two
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
W
eig
h
ted
m
ea
n
was
u
s
e
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
an
d
th
e
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
o
n
th
e
jo
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ates.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
ey
U
T
est
at
.
0
5
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
was
u
s
e
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
two
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
n
o
t
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
[
8
]
.
W
ith
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
.
7
0
an
d
h
ig
h
er
,
th
e
s
ca
le
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
h
as g
o
o
d
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
Jo
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
H
R
M
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
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s a
l
p
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a
N
o
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o
f
i
t
e
m
s
Jo
b
c
o
m
p
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c
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.
9
6
9
13
C
a
r
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r
sk
i
l
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s
.
9
7
6
13
Te
a
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
.
8
7
5
5
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
P
r
o
f
ile
o
f
t
he
g
ra
du
a
t
e
-
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
h
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
-
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
’
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
ile
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
jo
b
s
tatu
s
o
f
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
it
was
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at
m
o
s
t
g
r
ad
u
ate
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
av
e
ten
u
r
e
d
s
tatu
s
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
o
u
g
h
th
ey
wer
e
ten
u
r
e
d
,
m
o
s
t
wer
e
s
till
in
lo
wer
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
h
ad
n
o
t
y
et
b
ee
n
p
r
o
m
o
te
d
to
h
ig
h
er
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
m
o
s
t o
f
th
em
wo
r
k
in
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
f
o
r
less
th
an
a
y
ea
r
to
two
y
ea
r
s
in
s
er
v
ice.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
7
5
6
-
3764
3758
T
ab
le
2
.
Pro
f
ile
o
f
th
e
B
SB
A
-
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ates
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
Jo
b
st
a
t
u
s
R
e
g
u
l
a
r
1
0
7
5
8
.
7
9
Te
mp
o
r
a
r
y
16
8
.
7
9
C
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
u
a
l
24
1
3
.
1
9
Jo
b
o
r
d
e
r
/
c
a
s
u
a
l
35
1
9
.
2
3
To
t
a
l
1
8
2
1
0
0
Jo
b
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
M
i
d
d
l
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
37
2
0
.
3
2
F
i
r
st
-
l
i
n
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
40
2
1
.
9
8
R
a
n
k
a
n
d
f
i
l
e
1
0
5
5
7
.
6
9
To
t
a
l
1
8
2
1
0
0
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
y
e
a
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
B
e
l
o
w
1
y
e
a
r
44
2
4
.
4
1
-
2
y
e
a
r
s
1
2
0
6
5
.
9
3
-
4
y
e
a
r
s
18
9
.
9
To
t
a
l
1
8
2
1
0
0
3
.
2
.
P
r
o
f
ile
o
f
t
he
em
plo
y
er
-
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
e
r
-
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
As
to
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
s
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
er
v
i
ce
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
em
p
lo
y
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
in
an
ce
o
r
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
an
d
last
ly
,
f
ew
wer
e
in
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
ag
e
n
cies.
T
h
ese
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
wer
e
ask
ed
r
elev
an
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
jo
b
co
m
p
ete
n
c
ies,
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
an
d
team
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Mo
s
t
em
p
lo
y
er
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
f
ir
s
t
-
lin
e
m
an
ag
er
s
wh
o
d
ir
ec
t
ly
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ate
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
eir
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
a
tes
’
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ess
en
ti
al
an
d
s
u
b
s
tan
tial to
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Pro
f
ile
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
s
o
f
th
e
B
SB
A
-
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ates
Emp
l
o
y
e
r
s
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ates
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h
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th
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if
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m
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ates
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ak
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ied
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ce
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ate
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ar
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em
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r
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Hen
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e
s
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iv
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im
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ta
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ce
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ts
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d
ig
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liter
ac
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,
esp
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,
th
e
o
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lin
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r
esear
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s
k
ills
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d
s
h
o
u
ld
in
clu
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in
th
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cu
r
r
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m
o
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d
if
f
er
en
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p
r
o
g
r
am
s
at
all
co
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r
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es
[
9
]
,
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
lear
n
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
th
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ig
ital
liter
ac
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ab
ilit
ies,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
m
a
k
e
th
e
m
co
n
f
id
en
t
an
d
ex
ce
llen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
er
s
in
u
s
in
g
IT
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
Kh
an
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
also
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
C
T
o
r
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
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,
th
e
cr
itical
s
k
ills
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o
p
er
atio
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al
s
k
ills
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v
is
u
al
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ty
le,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
le
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
en
h
an
ce
d
an
d
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
ab
ilit
y
will
also
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tu
d
y
by
Nik
o
u
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
ed
th
at
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
o
r
ap
p
o
i
n
tin
g
o
f
f
ice
r
s
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
s
cr
ee
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
o
f
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
is
i
s
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
k
ills
et
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
ag
e.
T
h
u
s
,
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
is
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
r
esil
ien
ce
,
wh
ich
wo
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
th
eir
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
n
th
eir
jo
b
s
an
d
ev
en
t
u
ally
ca
u
s
e
th
em
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
[
1
2
]
.
Hen
ce
,
u
s
in
g
IT
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
s
is
an
ex
ce
llen
t
s
tr
ateg
y
to
m
ak
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
co
m
p
etitiv
e
in
th
e
ev
er
-
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t w
h
er
e
I
T
is
th
r
iv
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cy
id
e
n
tifie
d
is
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
in
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
in
co
n
v
e
y
in
g
id
ea
s
,
b
o
t
h
o
r
all
y
an
d
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
W
u
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
i
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
er
b
al
an
d
n
o
n
-
v
er
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
E
n
g
lis
h
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
g
lo
b
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
m
ee
t
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
jo
b
m
a
r
k
et
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
o
f
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
d
ep
icts
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ate
wer
e
n
o
t
f
u
lly
co
m
p
eten
t
in
d
ea
lin
g
with
,
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
ex
p
la
in
in
g
to
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
wh
ic
h
co
u
l
d
lead
t
o
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
b
etwe
en
b
o
th
p
a
r
ties
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
to
b
ec
o
m
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
id
ea
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
,
th
e
ac
ad
em
e
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
p
r
ac
tice
in
an
E
n
g
lis
h
-
s
p
e
ak
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
en
g
ag
e
i
n
E
n
g
lis
h
in
less
o
n
s
,
p
r
ep
ar
e
au
th
en
tic
m
ater
ials
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
e
i
n
-
d
ep
t
h
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
,
an
d
u
s
e
s
m
all
class
s
ize
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
o
r
al
E
n
g
lis
h
s
k
ills
a
s
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Kar
ac
a
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
.
L
astl
y
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
was
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
in
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
’
s
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
s
ca
n
n
in
g
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
r
ated
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
as
“
good,
”
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
t
h
at
th
ese
g
r
ad
u
at
es
wer
e
n
o
t
f
u
lly
a
d
ep
t
in
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
d
ec
is
i
o
n
m
ak
in
g
,
wh
e
r
e
m
an
ag
er
s
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
co
g
n
iza
n
t
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
ass
o
ciate
d
with
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
ca
n
n
in
g
th
at
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
-
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
f
r
o
m
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
to
em
er
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
s
h
o
u
ld
en
g
a
g
e
th
e
m
s
elv
es
in
th
e
latest
tr
e
n
d
s
,
is
s
u
es,
an
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
,
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
a
n
d
co
u
n
tr
y
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
t
o
p
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t’
s
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
l
an
n
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
th
at
co
u
r
s
e
s
u
b
jects
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
th
e
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
an
d
r
ea
l
s
itu
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
wo
r
ld
,
an
d
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
e
r
cises
,
b
u
s
in
ess
p
lan
s
,
an
d
th
e
lik
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
th
at
s
o
ak
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
d
ata
a
b
o
u
t t
h
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ates
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ate
’
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
n
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
i.e
.
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
elatio
n
s
/in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
(
z=
3
.
5
7
7
,
p
<.
0
5
)
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
(
z=
4
.
7
5
5
,
p
<
.
0
5
)
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
(
z=
2
.
0
5
3
,
p
<.
0
5
)
,
lo
g
ical/cr
i
tical
th
in
k
in
g
(
z=
2
.
2
4
3
,
p
<.
0
5
)
,
r
esear
c
h
s
k
ills
(
z=
2
.
9
6
2
,
p
<.
0
5
)
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
(
z=
2
.
8
3
0
,
p
<
.
0
5
)
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al/tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
(
z=
2
.
6
8
5
,
p
<.
0
5
)
,
an
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
lo
ca
l/in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
with
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
(
z=
2
.
0
4
2
,
p
<.
0
5
)
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
wh
ich
im
p
lies
th
a
t
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
n
o
t
th
e
s
am
e
with
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
lau
s
ib
le
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
r
esu
lts
co
u
ld
b
e
th
at
th
e
HR
M
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
i
d
n
o
t a
ttain
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
’
s
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates’
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
’
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates.
Gr
ad
u
ates
p
er
ce
iv
ed
e
x
ce
llen
t
in
h
u
m
an
r
elatio
n
s
/in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
,
lo
g
ical/cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
/m
an
ag
er
ial
s
k
ills
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al/tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
,
an
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
lo
ca
l/in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
with
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
with
th
e
m
ea
n
3
.
4
7
,
3
.
5
0
,
3
.
3
7
,
3
.
3
2
,
3
.
3
4
,
3
.
3
6
,
3
.
4
1
,
a
n
d
3
.
3
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
f
o
r
e
m
p
lo
y
e
r
s
’
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
7
5
6
-
3764
3760
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
item
s
ar
e
2
.
9
5
,
2
.
7
9
,
3
.
0
2
,
2
.
9
8
,
2
.
8
6
,
2
.
9
3
,
3
.
0
0
,
a
n
d
2
.
9
8
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
was
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
at
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
h
ad
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
(
M=
3
.
5
0
)
a
m
o
n
g
th
o
s
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates;
h
o
wev
er
,
it
h
a
d
th
e
lo
west
m
ea
n
(
M=
2
.
7
9
)
f
o
r
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ate’
s
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
is
h
u
m
an
r
elatio
n
s
/i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
(M
=
3
.
4
7
)
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
o
cc
u
p
a
tio
n
al/tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
(
M=
3
.
4
1
)
.
T
ab
le
4
.
J
o
b
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
N
o
.
Jo
b
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
Emp
l
o
y
e
r
Z
-
v
a
l
u
e
P
-
v
a
l
u
e
M
e
a
n
DI
M
e
a
n
DI
1
C
a
n
c
o
n
v
e
y
i
d
e
a
s c
l
e
a
r
l
y
b
o
t
h
o
r
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
i
n
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
3
.
3
0
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
8
6
G
o
o
d
3
.
4
0
*
.
0
0
2
C
a
n
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
,
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
,
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
s,
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
s
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
p
a
p
e
r
s
3
.
2
6
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
7
G
o
o
d
1
.
3
1
ns
.
1
9
3
C
a
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
f
a
i
r
n
e
ss
,
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
h
a
r
d
w
o
r
k
,
h
o
n
e
st
y
,
p
a
t
i
e
n
c
e
,
d
i
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss,
a
n
d
r
i
sk
-
t
a
k
i
n
g
3
.
4
6
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
7
G
o
o
d
2
.
2
3
*
.
0
3
4
C
a
n
a
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
o
r
ms
o
f
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
3
1
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
0
G
o
o
d
2
.
0
6
*
.
0
4
5
C
a
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
a
c
c
e
ss
,
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
e
,
a
n
d
d
i
ssem
i
n
a
t
e
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
I
T
3
.
2
7
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
9
8
G
o
o
d
2
.
0
3
*
.
0
4
6
C
a
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
w
o
r
k
3
.
5
0
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
1
4
G
o
o
d
2
.
3
8
*
.
0
2
7
A
b
l
e
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
a
n
d
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s o
f
g
o
o
d
i
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
4
1
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
1
4
G
o
o
d
1
.
8
7
ns
.
0
6
8
A
b
l
e
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
w
h
o
l
e
s
o
m
e
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
t
y
3
.
4
6
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
9
1
G
o
o
d
4
.
0
1
*
.
0
0
9
C
a
n
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
b
u
s
i
n
e
ss
a
sso
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
mee
t
i
n
g
s)
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
l
y
w
i
t
h
p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
a
n
d
o
b
l
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
4
1
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
1
6
G
o
o
d
1
.
0
4
ns
.
3
0
10
A
b
l
e
t
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
q
u
a
l
i
t
i
e
s
,
c
i
v
i
c
-
m
i
n
d
e
d
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
h
i
p
3
.
3
4
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
7
G
o
o
d
1
.
3
4
ns
.
1
8
11
A
b
l
e
t
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
/
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
3
.
3
3
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
9
1
G
o
o
d
2
.
9
1
*
.
0
0
12
A
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
st
u
d
y
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
b
u
si
n
e
ss
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
/
p
l
a
n
3
.
1
8
G
o
o
d
3
.
0
2
G
o
o
d
1
.
0
6
ns
.
2
9
13
A
w
a
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s,
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s,
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
o
f
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
ser
v
a
t
i
o
n
3
.
2
4
G
o
o
d
2
.
9
8
G
o
o
d
1
.
8
3
ns
.
0
7
N
o
t
e
:
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
D
I
)
:
1
.
0
0
t
o
1
.
7
4
=
p
o
o
r
;
1
.
7
5
t
o
2
.
4
9
=
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
;
2
.
5
0
t
o
3
.
2
4
=
g
o
o
d
;
3
.
2
5
t
o
4
.
0
0
=
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
*
=
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
,
n
s=
n
o
n
-
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
em
p
lo
y
er
’
s
s
ec
o
n
d
lo
west
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
is
r
esear
ch
s
k
ill
(
M=
2
.
8
6
)
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ill
(
M=
2
.
9
3
)
.
L
o
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
,
th
e
s
k
ills
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
an
d
lo
west
m
ea
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
also
h
a
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
co
r
es
i
n
th
e
Z
-
v
a
lu
e.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
o
f
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
elatio
n
s
/in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al/tech
n
ical,
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ill
s
ca
n
b
e
a
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
HR
M
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
will
d
ev
elo
p
th
o
s
e
ess
en
tial
s
k
ills
wh
ile
s
tu
d
y
in
g
an
d
b
e
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
th
eir
jo
b
wh
en
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
b
u
s
in
ess
f
ir
m
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
d
ata
s
h
o
wed
th
at
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
elatio
n
s
/in
te
r
p
er
s
o
n
al,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al/tech
n
ical,
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
to
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
i
n
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
two
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
wh
er
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
r
ated
th
em
as
ex
ce
llen
t
wh
ile
em
p
l
o
y
er
s
r
ated
th
em
as
g
o
o
d
.
T
h
ese
s
k
ills
wer
e
cr
iti
ca
l
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
ex
p
e
cted
b
y
th
e
m
an
a
g
er
s
to
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
s
h
o
ws
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
d
id
n
o
t
m
ee
t
em
p
lo
y
er
s
’
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
wh
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
o
s
e
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
is
tr
u
e
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Kar
ac
a
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
wh
o
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
er
e
w
er
e
s
till
g
ap
s
in
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
f
r
o
m
HE
I
s
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
in
en
tr
y
-
lev
el
g
r
ad
u
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
i
lls
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
th
e
lo
we
s
t
s
co
r
e
in
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
r
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
was
also
ass
o
ciate
d
with
co
n
v
ey
in
g
id
ea
s
,
b
o
th
o
r
ally
a
n
d
wr
itt
en
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
a
p
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
in
th
e
jo
b
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
i
ca
te
th
at
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wer
e
n
o
t
ex
ce
llen
t
co
m
m
u
n
ic
ato
r
s
as
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
is
m
ig
h
t
b
e
b
ec
au
s
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
lear
n
ed
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
u
n
less
th
er
e
is
a
d
eq
u
ate
t
r
ain
in
g
,
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
h
a
r
d
ef
f
o
r
t
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
Han
ap
i
an
d
No
r
d
in
[
1
7
]
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
n
e
p
r
o
b
lem
in
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ate’
s
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
esp
ec
i
ally
in
E
n
g
lis
h
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
er
io
u
s
n
ess
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
tak
e
n
li
g
h
tly
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
R
au
tak
o
s
k
i
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
at
lo
w
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ill
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
an
ea
r
ly
a
g
e
ca
n
d
elay
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies,
wh
ich
is
a
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
a
n
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
a
v
ital
s
k
ill
in
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
wo
r
ld
.
B
esid
es,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cy
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
r
an
k
in
g
f
o
r
HR
M,
it
was
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
eq
u
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r
ed
c
o
m
p
et
en
cy
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
HR
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
u
s
ag
e
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
an
d
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
r
eso
lv
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
to
m
ee
t
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Jo
b
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
h
u
ma
n
r
eso
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n
a
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(
Da
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3761
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
jo
b
m
ar
k
et
[
1
6
]
,
th
o
u
g
h
b
ec
o
m
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icato
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
ely
o
n
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t o
r
s
tr
ateg
y
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
was
a
ls
o
r
ev
ea
led
in
h
u
m
a
n
r
elatio
n
s
o
r
in
te
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
g
ap
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
’
h
i
g
h
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
eir
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
e
latio
n
s
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
So
cial
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
is
a
way
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
u
s
,
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
a
s
tr
ateg
y
o
r
m
eth
o
d
o
f
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
n
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ter
ac
tio
n
etiq
u
ett
e,
an
d
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
to
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
g
r
o
wth
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ad
ap
tatio
n
[
2
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
g
ap
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
wh
en
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
k
ills
b
ec
au
s
e
H
in
ch
liff
e
an
d
J
o
lly
[
6
]
s
tated
th
at
em
p
lo
y
er
s
p
r
ef
e
r
th
o
s
e
with
g
o
o
d
r
elatio
n
s
in
an
d
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
b
ein
g
c
o
r
d
ial
i
n
d
e
alin
g
with
co
lleag
u
es
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
a
n
d
b
e
co
m
in
g
eth
ical
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
elatio
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
i
n
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al/tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
,
a
g
ap
was
also
id
en
tifie
d
,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ate
’
s
lack
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
in
th
eir
f
ield
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
r
ef
lects
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
th
ei
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
jo
b
.
T
h
u
s
,
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
d
esig
n
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
o
r
im
m
er
s
io
n
to
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ex
p
er
tis
e
in
th
eir
s
p
ec
iali
za
tio
n
.
T
h
is
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
r
s
tr
a
teg
y
is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
in
ce
tech
n
ical
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
s
k
ills
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
k
ills
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
al
y
s
is
,
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
I
s
lam
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
o
f
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
i
n
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
is
also
alar
m
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
s
u
g
g
est
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
in
an
aly
zin
g
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
r
esear
ch
d
ata
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
m
ak
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
.
T
h
is
s
k
ill
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ch
allen
g
in
g
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
lev
el
s
in
ce
wr
itin
g
a
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
is
a
s
tr
u
g
g
le,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
o
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ei
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
a
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
[
2
2
]
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
lack
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
d
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
ch
allen
g
es,
I
p
an
aq
u
é
-
Z
ap
ata
e
t
a
l.
[
2
3
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
r
m
allian
ce
s
with
n
atio
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
th
e
ca
p
ac
ities
o
f
th
e
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
d
ig
ital
o
p
en
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
in
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
an
d
im
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
er
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
v
er
y
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
e
two
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
i
s
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
u
s
t
en
g
ag
e
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
lear
n
in
g
h
o
w
to
b
ec
o
m
e
lead
er
s
wh
o
ca
n
m
ak
e
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
y
m
ak
in
g
th
em
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t,
s
atis
f
y
in
g
,
eq
u
itab
le,
an
d
d
em
o
cr
atic
[
1
]
.
T
ab
le
5
.
C
ar
ee
r
s
k
ills
N
o
.
C
a
r
e
e
r
sk
i
l
l
s
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
Emp
l
o
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-
v
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e
P
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v
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l
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e
M
e
a
n
DI
M
e
a
n
DI
1
H
u
ma
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l
a
t
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o
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/
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p
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l
s
k
i
l
l
s
3
.
4
7
Ex
c
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l
l
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n
t
2
.
9
5
G
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o
d
3
.
5
8
*
.
0
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2
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
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sk
i
l
l
s
3
.
5
0
Ex
c
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l
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2
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7
9
G
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4
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5
*
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0
0
3
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
k
i
l
l
s
3
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3
7
Ex
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l
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3
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2
G
o
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5
*
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4
4
Lo
g
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c
a
l
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c
r
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k
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3
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3
2
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2
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8
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o
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2
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2
4
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3
5
En
t
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e
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r
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n
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r
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l
sk
i
l
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s
3
.
2
9
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
1
4
G
o
o
d
.
6
4
ns
.
5
2
6
P
r
o
b
l
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m
-
s
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v
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n
g
s
k
i
l
l
s
3
.
3
5
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
1
9
G
o
o
d
.
7
5
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.
4
5
7
P
r
e
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t
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
3
.
4
0
Ex
c
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l
l
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t
3
.
1
2
G
o
o
d
1
.
8
8
ns
.
0
6
8
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
s
k
i
l
l
s
3
.
3
4
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
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t
2
.
8
6
G
o
o
d
2
.
9
6
*
.
0
0
9
Le
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
k
i
l
l
s
3
.
3
6
Ex
c
e
l
l
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t
2
.
9
3
G
o
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2
.
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3
*
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1
10
Te
a
m
sp
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r
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t
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sk
i
l
l
3
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4
5
Ex
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l
l
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t
3
.
2
3
G
o
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d
1
.
0
1
ns
.
3
1
11
N
u
meri
c
a
l
/
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
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r
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a
s
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i
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g
3
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3
1
Ex
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e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
7
G
o
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d
1
.
2
0
ns
.
2
3
12
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
/
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s
3
.
4
1
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
3
.
0
0
G
o
o
d
2
.
6
9
*
.
0
1
13
Ex
p
o
s
u
r
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t
o
l
o
c
a
l
/
i
n
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r
n
a
t
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o
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a
l
c
o
mm
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n
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3
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2
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8
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2
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0
4
N
o
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k
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d
to
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m
e
ex
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p
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s
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in
d
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s
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s
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q
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ality
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wh
o
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a
v
e
alig
n
ed
co
m
p
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with
th
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in
d
u
s
tr
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.
W
ith
th
is
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Od
d
en
[
2
5
]
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
th
at
teac
h
er
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
co
n
ten
t
-
r
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an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
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in
s
tr
u
ctio
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al
p
r
ac
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at
b
o
o
s
t stu
d
en
t le
ar
n
in
g
to
h
ig
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en
h
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cin
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m
o
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e
s
k
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d
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m
p
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n
cie
s
n
ee
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t
h
e
in
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.
M
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p
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d
b
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s
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ess
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m
p
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cies
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
o
th
er
s
’
s
k
ills
[
2
6
]
.
Als
o
,
Sety
an
in
g
r
u
m
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
co
n
cl
u
d
e
d
th
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
en
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ce
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ter
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
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ain
in
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to
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k
p
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o
v
e
th
e
em
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ab
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o
f
g
r
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Dif
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m
eth
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d
s
an
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s
tr
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ca
n
b
e
d
esig
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ed
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ev
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s
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m
p
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Fu
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th
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m
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r
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,
ac
a
d
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in
s
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u
tio
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s
s
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s
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o
cu
s
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
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n
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s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
o
te
n
tials
to
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ec
o
m
in
g
co
m
p
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e
as
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
with
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d
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th
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ch
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in
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.
4.
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
B
r
a
t
t
o
n
a
n
d
J.
G
o
l
d
,
“
To
w
a
r
d
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
h
u
ma
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
H
R
M
E)
:
a
so
c
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
ma
g
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
W
o
rk
,
Em
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
6
–
5
0
7
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
9
5
0
0
1
7
0
1
4
5
4
5
2
6
6
.
[
2
]
M
.
I
.
C
.
C
e
l
i
s
,
B
.
F
e
st
i
j
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
C
u
e
t
o
,
“
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
’
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
:
a
t
r
a
c
e
r
st
u
d
y
f
o
r
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
o
f
sc
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
h
o
t
e
l
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
”
Asi
a
n
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
Re
s
e
a
rch
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
u
l
t
i
d
i
sci
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
–
2
3
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
3
]
J.
T.
K
w
a
r
t
e
n
g
a
n
d
E
.
K
.
M
e
n
s
a
h
,
“
E
mp
l
o
y
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s:
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
sk
i
l
l
s
se
t
s,
”
H
e
l
i
y
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
h
e
l
i
y
o
n
.
2
0
2
2
.
e
0
9
9
3
7
.
[
4
]
C
.
K
.
H
u
a
n
g
a
n
d
C
.
Y
.
Li
n
,
“
F
l
i
p
p
i
n
g
b
u
s
i
n
e
ss
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
u
se
o
f
t
e
a
m
-
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
h
u
ma
n
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
ms
,
”
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
–
3
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
5
]
W
.
M
a
i
n
g
a
,
R
.
M
.
D
a
n
i
e
l
,
a
n
d
L.
A
l
a
mi
l
,
“
P
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
Em
p
l
o
y
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
S
k
i
l
l
s
o
f
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