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Life and ca
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s
:
Ass
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Ass
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C
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k
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k
ills
L
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T
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CC B
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Dep
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Un
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attr
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m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
wo
r
ld
in
th
e
21
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
is
u
n
d
er
g
o
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ap
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tr
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tech
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m
e
n
ts
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lo
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aliza
tio
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d
co
m
p
lex
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o
cieta
l
ch
allen
g
es.
As
a
r
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21
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
s
k
ills
h
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e
em
er
g
e
d
as
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
eten
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th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
als
n
ee
d
to
th
r
i
v
e
in
th
is
f
ast
-
p
ac
ed
,
d
ig
ital
ag
e.
T
h
ese
s
k
ills
in
clu
d
e
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
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,
p
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o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
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d
d
i
g
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lit
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ac
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ab
ilit
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th
at
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p
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in
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iv
id
u
als
to
ad
a
p
t
an
d
s
u
cc
ee
d
i
n
an
e
v
er
-
ch
a
n
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
21
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
s
k
i
lls
,
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
s
tan
d
o
u
t
as
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
v
ital
f
o
r
p
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ep
ar
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g
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als
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o
t
ju
s
t
f
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k
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u
t
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o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
t
h
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
liv
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
[
2
]
.
L
if
e
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
en
co
m
p
ass
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
u
c
h
as
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
in
itiativ
e,
l
ea
d
er
s
h
ip
,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
ess
en
tial to
o
ls
f
o
r
n
av
ig
atin
g
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
wo
r
ld
an
d
d
aily
life
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
t
o
d
ay
’
s
s
o
ciety
,
wh
er
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
ar
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
lin
ea
r
an
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
o
f
t
en
n
ee
d
to
ad
ap
t
to
s
h
if
tin
g
jo
b
m
ar
k
ets,
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ar
e
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le.
T
h
ese
s
k
ills
en
ab
le
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
p
lan
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
s
o
lv
e
r
ea
l
-
life
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
wo
r
k
c
o
llab
o
r
a
tiv
ely
ac
r
o
s
s
cu
ltu
r
es,
an
d
m
ai
n
tain
well
-
b
ein
g
i
n
t
h
e
f
ac
e
o
f
r
ap
id
ch
a
n
g
e
[
4
]
.
As
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
r
e
s
h
ap
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
cr
ea
te
n
e
w
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
an
d
ch
allen
g
es,
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
wo
r
k
er
s
alik
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m
u
s
t
b
e
a
b
le
to
th
in
k
cr
itically
,
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
co
n
tin
u
ally
r
ei
n
v
en
t th
e
m
s
elv
es [
5
]
.
W
h
ile
21
s
t c
en
tu
r
y
s
k
ills
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
r
o
ad
s
et
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
wo
r
ld
,
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
th
at
allo
ws
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
to
ap
p
ly
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ese
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I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
Lif
e
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
kills
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t fo
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
(
P
r
ee
d
a
N
itta
ya
r
o
s
)
3429
ab
ilit
ies
in
r
ea
l
-
life
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
ey
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
k
n
o
wled
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e
an
d
ac
t
io
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
p
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p
le
a
r
e
p
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ep
ar
e
d
n
o
t
ju
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
,
b
u
t
f
o
r
life
as
ad
ap
tab
le,
th
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l,
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
s
o
ciety
[
6
]
.
It
m
ak
es
th
em
r
ea
d
y
to
a
d
ju
s
t
th
em
s
elv
es
m
in
d
f
u
lly
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d
ca
r
ef
u
lly
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p
lan
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
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s
th
at
ar
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ap
p
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o
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iate
f
o
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th
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s
elv
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with
o
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t c
o
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ct,
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
th
eir
li
v
es a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iately
an
d
h
ap
p
ily
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
c
ar
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
en
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
is
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n
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
2
1
s
t
-
ce
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tu
r
y
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
ar
e
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k
ills
th
at
s
h
o
w
th
e
o
v
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all
p
ic
tu
r
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
’
s
k
ills
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
an
d
r
esear
ch
,
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
n
d
er
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
B
asic
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
in
T
h
ailan
d
s
till
lack
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
e
er
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
t
s
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
s
ep
ar
ates lif
e
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
il
ls
.
B
y
s
ep
ar
atin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
k
ills
to
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
th
at
ar
e
lo
wer
th
an
th
ei
r
tr
u
e
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
m
ay
n
o
t
r
ef
lect
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
ir
tr
u
e
s
k
ill
lev
els.
Fro
m
s
u
ch
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
we
ar
e
i
n
ter
ested
in
s
tu
d
y
in
g
t
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
k
ill.
Un
li
k
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
o
f
ten
ass
es
s
ed
th
ese
s
k
ills
b
r
o
ad
ly
o
r
as
p
ar
t
o
f
co
m
b
in
ed
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
s
k
ills
,
to
o
b
tain
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
th
at
clea
r
ly
r
ef
lect
th
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
lin
e
wi
th
th
e
s
k
ills
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e.
I
t
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
k
ills
t
h
at
ar
e
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
q
u
ality
lev
el
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
life
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
k
ills
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
g
r
ad
u
ate
to
liv
e
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
in
to
d
a
y
’
s
g
lo
b
al
s
o
ciety
,
b
ec
au
s
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
a
r
e
s
k
ills
th
at
p
e
o
p
le
n
ee
d
to
h
a
v
e
q
u
ality
a
n
d
p
o
te
n
tial
in
s
o
ciety
,
ca
n
liv
e
in
a
wo
r
ld
th
at
is
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
an
d
ar
e
life
s
k
ills
co
m
b
in
ed
with
wo
r
k
i
n
th
eir
c
ar
ee
r
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
L
if
e
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
en
co
m
p
ass
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
b
ilit
ies
ess
en
t
ial
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
to
n
a
v
ig
ate
co
m
p
lex
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
in
b
o
th
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
ese
s
k
ill
s
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
an
d
lev
er
ag
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
ey
in
clu
d
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
to
life
’
s
ch
allen
g
es,
m
an
ag
in
g
d
aily
s
tim
u
li
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
co
n
f
r
o
n
t
an
d
r
eso
lv
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ev
er
y
d
ay
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
ad
ap
ta
b
i
lity
an
d
c
o
r
r
ec
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
also
a
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
[
1
0
]
,
[1
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
wo
r
k
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
r
e
q
u
ir
es
m
u
ltip
le
co
m
p
eten
cies,
s
u
c
h
as
a
n
aly
tical
th
in
k
in
g
,
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
wh
ich
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
also
in
teg
r
ate
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
a
s
er
v
ice
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
in
d
s
et,
f
o
s
t
er
in
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
f
le
x
ib
i
lity
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
].
L
if
e
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
f
u
r
th
er
e
m
p
h
asize
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
en
g
ag
e
in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
elf
-
lear
n
in
g
,
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
an
ag
e
wo
r
k
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
in
s
o
ciety
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
co
n
f
lict
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
p
r
o
b
lem
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ju
s
t
to
s
o
cial
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
an
g
es
wh
ile
av
o
i
d
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
th
at
c
o
u
ld
n
eg
ati
v
ely
im
p
ac
t
o
n
eself
o
r
o
th
er
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
ese
s
k
ills
ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
a
d
d
r
ess
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
o
cial
c
h
allen
g
es,
s
u
ch
as
g
e
n
d
er
r
o
les,
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
ab
u
s
e,
f
am
ily
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
h
ea
lth
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
is
s
u
es [
1
8
]
,
[
19
].
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
iv
e
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
in
c
lu
d
e
:
i
)
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
i
lity
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
m
o
d
if
y
a
n
d
a
d
ju
s
t
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
s
u
it
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
wh
ile
r
em
ain
in
g
r
ec
ep
ti
v
e
to
d
iv
er
s
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
em
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
[2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
;
ii)
in
itiativ
e
an
d
s
elf
-
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
wo
r
k
with
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
,
t
ak
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
em
b
r
ac
e
n
ew
ch
allen
g
es,
an
d
s
et
s
tr
ateg
ic
g
o
als
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
u
cc
ess
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
tim
ef
r
am
e
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
;
iii
)
s
o
ci
al
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
k
ills
,
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
d
iv
er
s
e
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
s
o
cial
s
ettin
g
s
with
o
u
t
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
s
tr
ess
,
th
er
eb
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
[
2
4
]
;
iv
)
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ap
p
l
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
m
an
n
e
r
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
is
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
clu
d
es
ef
f
icie
n
t
tim
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
;
a
n
d
v
)
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
en
co
m
p
ass
es
lead
er
s
h
ip
q
u
alities
th
at
en
ab
l
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
g
u
id
e
team
s
to
war
d
s
ac
h
iev
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
L
ea
d
er
s
m
u
s
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ac
co
u
n
tab
i
lity
,
in
teg
r
ity
,
an
d
a
co
m
m
itm
en
t to
c
o
llectiv
e
in
te
r
ests
o
v
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
ain
s
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
at
th
ese
f
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
er
v
e
as
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
attr
ib
u
tes
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
s
tr
iv
in
g
to
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
th
ei
r
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
T
h
ey
e
n
ab
le
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
ad
ap
t
t
o
d
y
n
am
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
tak
e
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
s
tep
s
in
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
an
d
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
en
g
ag
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ac
r
o
s
s
cu
ltu
r
al
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
o
p
tim
ize
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
an
d
ex
h
ib
it
eth
i
ca
l
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ca
n
n
av
ig
ate
th
e
e
v
o
lv
in
g
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
[
2
7
].
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
in
v
est
ig
ate
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
th
e
T
h
ai
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
ar
e
t
o
ass
e
s
s
th
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
a
n
d
t
o
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
estab
l
is
h
es
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
f
iv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
34
2
8
-
34
3
5
3430
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les
o
f
life
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
(
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
,
in
itiativ
e
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
s
o
cial
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
k
ills
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
)
an
d
two
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
iab
les
(
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
ass
es
s
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es),
h
y
p
o
t
h
esizin
g
th
at
en
h
an
ce
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
in
th
ese
f
iv
e
s
k
ill
d
o
m
ain
s
will
r
esu
lt
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
ev
alu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
alig
n
s
with
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
th
eo
r
ies
an
d
2
1
s
t
ce
n
t
u
r
y
s
k
ills
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tex
ts
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
a
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
t
o
d
ev
el
o
p
an
d
v
alid
ate
an
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
p
ec
if
ically
aim
ed
to
e
v
alu
ate
f
iv
e
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
o
v
er
all
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
a
d
ap
tab
i
lity
,
wh
ich
r
ef
lects
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ju
s
t
to
ch
an
g
in
g
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
;
ii
)
in
itiativ
e
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
em
p
h
asizes
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
an
d
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
;
iii
)
s
o
cial
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
lt
u
r
al
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
in
d
iv
er
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
;
iv
)
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
i
lity
,
wh
ich
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
tim
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
in
task
c
o
m
p
let
io
n
;
an
d
v
)
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
wh
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
g
u
id
e
o
th
er
s
an
d
m
ak
e
eth
ical
d
ec
is
i
o
n
s
[
8
]
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
p
o
ten
tial
co
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
g
v
ar
iab
les,
s
ev
er
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
:
i)
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
d
iv
e
r
s
e
r
eg
io
n
s
;
ii)
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
s
t
o
o
d
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
;
iii)
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
u
n
d
er
co
n
tr
o
lled
an
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
to
m
in
im
ize
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
;
an
d
iv
)
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
v
alid
ate
d
an
d
t
ested
f
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
ef
o
r
e
ac
t
u
al
d
ata
co
llectio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t e
r
r
o
r
s
an
d
b
iases
.
3
.
1
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n
a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
r
is
ed
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
en
r
o
lled
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
n
d
er
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
B
asic
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
,
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
B
ased
o
n
Kr
ejcie
an
d
Mo
r
g
an
’
s
tab
le
[
28
]
,
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
8
4
s
am
p
les.
Giv
en
th
e
lar
g
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
B
asic
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
in
T
h
ailan
d
,
th
is
n
u
m
b
er
en
s
u
r
ed
ad
eq
u
ate
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
an
d
s
u
f
f
ici
en
t
s
tatis
tical
p
o
wer
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
u
r
th
er
g
u
ar
an
teed
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
was d
iv
er
s
e
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
all
s
ix
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
am
p
lin
g
u
n
its
.
Af
ter
th
at,
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
f
iv
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
r
eg
io
n
,
to
talin
g
3
0
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
.
T
h
en
,
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
o
o
l
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
p
r
o
v
in
ce
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
3
0
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Fin
ally
,
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
3
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
ch
o
o
l,
cu
lm
in
atin
g
in
a
to
tal
o
f
1
,
0
5
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
d
etails
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
all
s
ix
r
eg
io
n
s
n
atio
n
wid
e
N
o
.
R
e
g
i
o
n
s
P
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
p
e
r
sc
h
o
o
l
To
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
p
e
r
r
e
g
i
o
n
1
N
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
t
5
5
35
1
7
5
2
Ea
st
e
r
n
5
5
35
1
7
5
3
N
o
r
t
h
5
5
35
1
7
5
4
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
R
e
g
i
o
n
5
5
35
1
7
5
5
S
o
u
t
h
5
5
35
1
7
5
6
W
e
st
e
r
n
5
5
35
1
7
5
To
t
a
l
30
30
1
,
0
5
0
Li
f
e
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
s
k
i
l
l
s
1
)
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
2
)
I
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
s
el
f
-
d
i
r
e
ct
i
o
n
3
)
S
o
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
c
r
o
s
s
-
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
S
k
i
l
l
s
4
)
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
5
)
Le
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
1
)
L
i
f
e
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
sk
i
l
l
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
2
)
Sa
t
i
sf
a
ct
i
o
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Lif
e
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
kills
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t fo
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
(
P
r
ee
d
a
N
itta
ya
r
o
s
)
3431
3
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
in
clu
d
e
a
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
a
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
ev
er
al
s
tep
s
:
i)
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
r
elev
an
t
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
u
n
d
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
;
ii)
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
w
er
e
estab
lis
h
ed
;
an
d
iii)
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ex
am
in
ed
b
y
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
,
u
s
in
g
an
item
-
o
b
jectiv
e
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
(
I
OC
)
in
d
ex
.
T
h
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lted
in
a
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
C
VI
)
o
f
0
.
8
2
,
in
d
icatin
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
3
0
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
C
h
aiy
ap
h
u
m
Gir
ls
’
Sch
o
o
l,
u
n
d
er
th
e
C
h
aiy
ap
h
u
m
Seco
n
d
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
Ser
v
ice
Ar
ea
Of
f
ice.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t,
wh
ich
y
ield
ed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
8
9
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
3
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
leten
ess
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
p
r
ep
ar
ed
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
an
o
f
f
icial
letter
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
th
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
.
Data
co
llectio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
ch
an
n
els
:
i
)
co
n
tactin
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
v
ia
telep
h
o
n
e
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
em
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
m
ailin
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
;
ii
)
S
en
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
b
y
p
o
s
tal
m
ail
d
ir
ec
tly
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
;
an
d
iii
)
d
eliv
er
in
g
r
esear
ch
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
lin
e
ch
an
n
els
to
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
.
C
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
was
m
ain
tain
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
ef
f
icien
t
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
1
0
0
%
d
ata
co
llectio
n
r
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
tar
g
et
s
am
p
le.
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Descr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
in
clu
d
in
g
g
en
d
er
,
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
(
SD)
.
I
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
cr
iter
ia:
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
4
.
5
0
an
d
5
.
0
0
in
d
icate
d
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
;
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
3
.
5
0
an
d
4
.
4
9
in
d
icate
d
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
;
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
2
.
5
0
an
d
3
.
4
9
in
d
icate
d
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el
;
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
1
.
5
0
an
d
2
.
4
9
in
d
icate
d
a
lo
w
lev
el
;
an
d
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
1
.
0
0
an
d
1
.
4
9
in
d
icate
d
a
v
er
y
lo
w
lev
el.
T
h
is
an
aly
tical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
b
o
th
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
eir
o
v
er
all
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
to
o
l
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
k
ey
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
its
r
ec
ep
tio
n
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
A
d
etailed
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
k
ill
lev
els an
d
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
life
a
nd
ca
re
er
s
k
ills
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
s
f
o
r
hig
h scho
o
l st
ud
en
t
s
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
v
er
y
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
o
v
er
all
(
M=
4
.
6
2
,
SD=0
.
2
9
)
.
E
x
am
in
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
a
cc
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
s
co
r
ed
h
ig
h
est
(
M=
4
.
6
7
,
SD=0
.
2
8
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
o
cial
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
k
ills
(
M=
4
.
6
5
,
SD=0
.
2
9
)
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
(
M=
4
.
6
2
,
SD=0
.
3
0
)
,
in
itiativ
e
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
(
M=
4
.
6
0
,
SD=0
.
2
9
)
,
an
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
(
M=
4
.
5
9
,
SD=0
.
2
9
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
Ma
k
m
ee
r
esear
ch
[
29
]
on
lear
n
in
g
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
u
p
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ich
s
im
ilar
ly
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
r
o
p
er
ly
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lex
s
tu
d
en
t
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
co
r
es
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ec
h
o
Ma
k
m
ee
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
29
]
o
n
f
u
tu
r
e
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia,
wh
ich
id
en
tifie
d
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity
as
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
d
etails
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
4
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n
o
f
us
er
s
o
f
t
he
life
a
nd
ca
re
er
s
k
ills
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
ent
f
o
r
hig
h
s
cho
o
l st
ud
ent
s
Stu
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
v
er
y
h
ig
h
o
v
er
all
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l
(
M=
4
.
5
9
,
SD=0
.
8
1
)
.
T
h
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
d
im
en
s
io
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
r
atin
g
(
M=
4
.
7
8
,
SD=0
.
6
0
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
M=
4
.
6
0
,
SD=0
.
8
2
)
,
ef
f
icien
cy
(
M=
4
.
5
8
,
SD=0
.
8
0
)
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
(
M=
4
.
5
7
,
SD=0
.
8
6
)
,
an
d
v
alid
ity
(
M=
4
.
4
8
,
SD=0
.
8
9
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
34
2
8
-
34
3
5
3432
Similar
to
h
o
w
C
h
iv
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
y
s
tem
atic
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ated
well
-
b
ein
g
s
tatu
s
am
o
n
g
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ass
ess
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
lev
els.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
esu
lts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
C
h
ase
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
r
esear
ch
o
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
’
r
o
le
in
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
etails
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
L
if
e
a
n
d
ca
r
e
er
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
e
n
ts
N
o
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
M
e
a
n
(
M
)
SD
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
su
l
t
s
1.
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
4
.
5
9
0
.
2
9
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
2.
I
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
se
l
f
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
.
6
0
0
.
2
8
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
3.
S
o
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
c
r
o
ss
-
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
4
.
6
5
0
.
2
9
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
4.
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
4
.
6
7
0
.
2
8
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
5.
Le
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
4
.
6
2
0
.
3
0
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
mea
n
s
c
o
r
e
4
.
6
2
0
.
2
8
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
T
ab
le
3
.
Satis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
N
o
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
M
e
a
n
(
M
)
SD
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
su
l
t
s
1.
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
4
.
6
0
0
.
8
2
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
2.
V
a
l
i
d
i
t
y
4
.
4
8
0
.
9
6
G
o
o
d
3.
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
4
.
5
8
0
.
8
0
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
4.
S
u
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
4
.
5
7
0
.
8
6
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
5.
U
sefu
l
n
e
ss
4
.
7
8
0
.
6
0
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
mea
n
s
c
o
r
e
4
.
5
9
0
.
8
1
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
4
.
3
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
f
o
r
educa
t
io
na
l pra
ct
ice
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
co
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
all
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ill
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ca
p
tu
r
es
s
tu
d
en
t
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
Pra
s
er
tch
ar
o
en
s
u
k
et
a
l.
[
26
]
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
s
o
cial
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
k
ills
(
M=
4
.
6
5
)
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
ef
lects
Ku
n
ju
k
u
n
ju
et
a
l.
[
30
]
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
in
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
4
.
4
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
a
nd
f
uture
direc
t
io
ns
W
h
ile
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
L
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
h
elp
p
r
ed
ict
h
o
w
ea
r
ly
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ill
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
el
ates
to
f
u
tu
r
e
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
m
u
ltip
le
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
,
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Fer
n
an
d
o
an
d
B
u
al
[
1
1
]
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
d
esig
n
r
esear
ch
,
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
en
t
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
r
ates
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
in
d
v
alu
e
in
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
b
u
t
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
co
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
th
ese
ass
ess
m
en
ts
tr
an
s
late
in
to
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
Ma
k
m
ee
[
29
]
em
p
h
asis
o
n
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
ec
h
o
es
Fer
n
an
d
o
an
d
B
u
al
[
1
1
]
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
n
tex
ts
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
life
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
cr
itical
in
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
y
o
u
th
with
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
in
m
o
d
er
n
life
an
d
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
f
iv
e
ess
en
tial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
;
ii
)
in
itiativ
e
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ti
on;
iii
)
s
o
cial
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
k
ills
;
iv
)
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
;
an
d
v
)
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
B
y
alig
n
in
g
with
th
e
Un
ited
Natio
n
s
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
al
4
(
SDG
4)
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
tar
g
et
4
.
4
,
it
aim
s
to
in
cr
e
ase
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
with
r
ele
v
an
t
s
k
ills
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l
en
ab
les
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
t
h
e
Seco
n
d
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ar
ea
,
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ev
alu
ate
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
k
ills
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
i
n
clu
s
iv
e,
eq
u
itab
le
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
SDG
4
’
s
g
o
al
o
f
en
h
an
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
n
ess
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
in
d
icate
d
b
y
h
ig
h
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els am
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
,
a
n
ewly
v
alid
ate
d
life
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
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f
o
r
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
,
a
d
d
r
ess
es
ex
is
tin
g
g
ap
s
in
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
alig
n
s
with
b
o
th
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
g
lo
b
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
als.
T
h
is
t
o
o
l
d
i
s
ag
g
r
eg
ates
th
e
f
i
v
e
k
ey
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
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2252
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8
8
2
2
Lif
e
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
kills
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t fo
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
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d
en
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ess
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am
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o
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k
f
o
r
ev
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atin
g
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
life
a
n
d
ca
r
ee
r
s
k
ills
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
m
etr
ics,
t
h
e
to
o
l
r
e
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ain
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p
r
ac
tical
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d
r
elev
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t
in
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tio
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et
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f
f
er
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g
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tio
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s
ig
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ts
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o
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ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
p
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m
ak
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
to
o
l
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
SDG
4
’
s
b
r
o
ad
e
r
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
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u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
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n
d
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s
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m
en
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y
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r
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v
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d
etailed
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ee
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b
ac
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to
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h
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t
h
em
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tify
ar
ea
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im
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r
o
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em
en
t
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d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
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e
v
elo
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th
e
s
k
ills
r
eq
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ir
e
d
f
o
r
f
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tu
r
e
s
u
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ACK
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DG
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M
E
NT
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Au
th
o
r
s
wo
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h
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f
o
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th
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r
s
u
p
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o
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t
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
.
W
e
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
all
th
e
lectu
r
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s
in
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
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v
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o
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B
u
r
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Au
th
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26
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T.
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u
k
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n
g
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a
k
mee
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c
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sa
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t
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mo
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c
h
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me
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:
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mu
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27
]
C
.
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i
v
u
n
j
a
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o
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[
29
]
P
.
M
a
k
mee
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