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@
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1.
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Prin
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e
ed
u
ca
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r
m
m
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v
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[
1
]
.
Ov
e
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p
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two
d
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s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
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ak
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th
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m
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s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
s
t
u
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
[
2
]
.
Stab
le
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ch
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o
l
lead
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s
h
ip
is
im
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t
i
n
s
ch
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o
l
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
teac
h
er
lear
n
in
g
an
d
teac
h
in
g
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
as
well
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in
cr
ea
s
in
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m
o
tiv
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n
,
co
m
m
itm
en
t
,
an
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
i
n
cip
als n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
ea
d
y
to
f
ac
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a
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g
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in
o
r
d
e
r
to
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a
p
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s
itu
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.
Desp
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h
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th
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k
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d
ex
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th
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o
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p
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am
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o
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p
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ar
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ex
p
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ted
to
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th
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elate
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ctiv
ities
im
m
ed
iately
af
ter
b
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a
p
p
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in
ted
[
3
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
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ap
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tm
e
n
t
o
f
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ch
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l
is
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tly
ac
co
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p
an
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b
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h
ex
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tatio
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s
f
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m
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s
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d
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n
ts
,
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
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s
.
Ho
wev
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,
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n
ewly
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lead
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s
ar
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o
t
s
k
illed
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an
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m
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ch
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ar
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ab
le
to
im
p
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s
tu
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ac
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T
h
is
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b
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au
s
e
th
ey
lack
k
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s
k
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to
lead
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d
m
an
a
g
e
s
ch
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ls
ef
f
ec
tiv
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[
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
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o
r
e
,
n
o
v
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p
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in
cip
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n
ee
d
s
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an
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as a
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p
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f
ir
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
Org
a
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tio
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a
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mp
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…
(
A
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Ma
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Mu
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ma
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A
min
)
3775
T
h
e
in
d
u
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n
p
r
o
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r
am
is
a
n
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p
o
r
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[
5
]
.
I
n
th
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f
t
h
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p
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d
s
in
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s
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o
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t
p
er
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d
o
f
tim
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[
6
]
.
As
s
u
ch
,
a
k
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o
f
th
e
i
n
d
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Ho
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ls
o
in
v
o
lv
es th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
s
k
ills
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
elatio
n
s
as
well
as
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
u
lt
lear
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
u
r
s
es,
c
o
ac
h
in
g
an
d
m
en
to
r
in
g
am
o
n
g
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ca
n
b
e
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
wan
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
n
o
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
ar
ties
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
esp
ec
ially
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
q
u
alit
y
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
I
n
Ma
lay
s
ia,
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
all
n
ew
p
r
in
cip
als
ap
p
o
in
ted
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
h
elp
s
p
r
ep
a
r
e
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
th
ei
r
d
u
ties
as
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cti
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
ea
ch
n
ewly
ap
p
o
in
ted
p
r
in
cip
al
is
h
ig
h
ly
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
l
ea
d
in
g
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
v
e
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
o
n
e
y
ea
r
th
at
i
n
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
lev
els:
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t c
o
u
r
s
e,
m
en
to
r
in
g
,
an
d
co
ac
h
i
n
g
.
2
.
1
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
na
l dev
elo
pm
e
nt
co
urs
e
No
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als’
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
wh
en
tak
in
g
o
n
th
eir
n
ew
r
o
les,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
o
licy
,
law
,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
y
also
n
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
o
les
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies.
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
h
elp
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
le
v
els
o
f
o
u
tco
m
es
in
clu
d
in
g
:
i)
lea
r
n
in
g
n
e
w
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
with
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
;
ii)
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
lear
n
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
;
an
d
iii)
lear
n
in
g
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t th
at
will im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es in
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
u
r
s
e
a
tten
d
ed
[
9
]
.
I
t
is
k
n
o
wn
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
,
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
,
em
p
h
a
s
ize
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
s
h
ar
i
n
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
lear
n
in
g
b
est
p
r
ac
tices.
W
h
ile
Klein
an
d
Sch
wa
n
en
b
er
g
[
1
0
]
o
p
in
ed
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
lex
ib
le
d
eliv
er
y
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
wh
er
e
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
in
teg
r
ated
ac
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
u
n
iq
u
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
its
elf
.
T
h
u
s
,
co
u
r
s
es
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
m
o
r
e
r
e
f
lectiv
ely
u
s
in
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
war
d
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
taf
f
m
an
a
g
em
en
t sk
ills
as we
ll a
s
th
eir
q
u
ality
an
d
lea
d
e
r
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
.
2
.
2
.
M
ent
o
ring
Me
n
to
r
in
g
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tr
ateg
y
to
h
elp
n
ew
lead
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
itial
p
h
ase,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
h
ase,
th
e
s
o
o
n
-
to
-
be
-
ap
p
o
in
ted
p
r
in
cip
al
u
n
d
er
g
o
es a
m
en
to
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
co
ac
h
in
g
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
f
r
o
m
m
en
to
r
s
at
th
e
r
esid
en
cy
s
ch
o
o
l.
Me
n
to
r
s
ca
n
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
n
ew
r
o
les
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
will
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
2
]
.
As
a
m
atte
r
o
f
f
ac
t,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
en
to
r
s
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
ex
p
er
tis
e
an
d
h
el
p
n
ew
lead
e
r
s
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
task
s
an
d
f
ac
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
en
t
o
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wh
en
it
e
n
s
u
r
es
g
o
o
d
m
en
to
r
-
m
e
n
tee
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
s
u
ch
as
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
,
o
r
o
th
e
r
s
im
ilar
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
O
p
latk
a
an
d
L
a
p
id
o
t
[
1
4
]
,
m
e
n
tees
b
en
ef
it
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
lead
er
s
h
ip
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
wh
en
th
ey
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
as
th
ei
r
m
en
t
o
r
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
p
o
o
r
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
lead
s
to
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
t
o
p
ics
th
at
ar
e
lim
ited
to
s
ch
o
o
l m
an
ag
e
m
en
t r
ath
er
th
an
b
r
o
ad
e
r
to
p
ics s
u
ch
as c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
n
o
v
atio
n
a
n
d
s
h
ar
ed
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
en
to
r
in
g
an
d
in
d
u
cti
o
n
o
f
n
ew
lead
e
r
s
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
,
lead
s
to
th
e
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
ltu
r
e
[
1
5
]
.
2
.
3
.
Co
a
ching
Star
r
[
1
6
]
d
ef
in
e
d
c
o
ac
h
in
g
a
s
a
f
o
c
u
s
ed
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
esire
d
s
k
ills
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
co
ac
h
es
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
clin
ical,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
a
n
d
t
ea
ch
in
g
.
C
o
ac
h
in
g
am
o
n
g
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
wh
er
e
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
7
7
4
-
3781
3776
in
clu
d
es
p
er
s
o
n
al,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al,
em
o
tio
n
al,
an
d
s
o
cial
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
asp
ec
ts
[
1
7
]
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
s
o
cializa
tio
n
an
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
,
m
en
to
r
s
h
elp
s
o
cialize
n
ew
lead
er
s
in
to
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
an
d
b
u
ild
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
is
o
latio
n
an
d
an
x
ie
ty
.
C
o
ac
h
in
g
is
also
a
s
af
ety
n
et
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
s
p
ac
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t n
ee
d
ed
to
i
d
en
tify
an
d
d
ea
l w
ith
th
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
an
d
p
r
ess
u
r
es f
ac
ed
a
f
ter
b
ein
g
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
as a
s
ch
o
o
l le
ad
er
.
I
n
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
th
e
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
n
o
v
ic
e
p
r
in
cip
als
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
th
e
in
itial
p
h
ase,
wh
ich
in
v
o
l
v
es
an
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
c
o
ac
h
in
ea
c
h
Dis
tr
ict
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Of
f
ice
(
DE
O)
.
T
h
e
co
ac
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
g
u
i
d
an
ce
to
n
o
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als
f
o
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
ix
m
o
n
t
h
s
,
wh
ich
b
eg
in
s
af
ter
th
e
y
co
m
p
leted
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
e.
At
th
is
s
t
ag
e,
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
n
ee
d
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
eir
o
wn
lear
n
in
g
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
im
p
r
o
v
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
co
ac
h
is
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
,
wh
ich
will
ev
en
t
u
ally
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
als
th
em
s
elv
es.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
co
ac
h
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
elem
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
co
g
n
itiv
e
ab
ilit
y
,
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
em
p
ath
y
,
s
tr
o
n
g
em
o
tio
n
a
l
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
s
o
u
n
d
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
elem
en
ts
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
th
e
co
ac
h
es
to
b
u
ild
tr
u
s
t,
ask
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
tim
ely
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
as
wel
l
as
l
is
ten
atten
tiv
ely
,
b
esid
es m
ak
in
g
th
e
co
ac
h
es
tr
u
ly
r
ef
lectiv
e
an
d
t
h
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l
[
1
8
]
.
2.
4
.
O
rg
a
niza
t
io
na
l
m
a
na
g
e
m
ent
o
f
no
v
ice
princip
a
ls
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
f
o
r
m
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
n
ee
d
to
em
p
h
a
s
ize
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
asp
ec
ts
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
[
1
9
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
lea
d
er
s
in
u
s
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
ch
o
o
l
g
o
als
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
in
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
,
d
ea
lin
g
with
ch
an
g
e,
as
well
as
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
q
u
alities
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
s
ch
o
o
l l
ea
d
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
k
n
o
wled
g
ea
b
le
in
r
elate
d
f
ield
s
,
h
av
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
v
alu
es,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t b
est p
r
ac
tices in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t d
u
ties
to
m
ee
t th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
L
ea
d
er
s
wh
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
en
a
b
lin
g
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
g
o
o
d
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
ts
[
2
1
]
.
O
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
a
r
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
s
o
m
e
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
t
o
f
o
s
t
e
r
te
a
m
s
p
i
r
i
t
,
a
w
e
a
k
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
w
it
h
t
e
ac
h
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
m
o
n
it
o
r
i
n
g
a
r
e
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
t
o
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
t
e
ac
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
[
4
]
.
I
n
g
en
e
r
al,
lead
er
s
as
s
ch
o
o
l
m
an
ag
er
s
n
ee
d
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
eir
r
o
le
b
y
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
m
em
b
er
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ev
alu
ated
th
e
m
ain
f
ac
to
r
s
in
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
ci
p
al
’
s
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
m
eth
o
d
.
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
aly
zin
g
it
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
was
m
a
d
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tag
ed
cl
u
s
ter
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
ile
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
elem
en
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
tag
e
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
4
1
7
n
ew
p
r
in
cip
als
ap
p
o
in
ted
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
Ma
lay
s
ia.
No
tab
ly
,
a
to
tal
o
f
4
1
7
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les o
f
3
6
1
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
ta
b
le
b
y
C
o
ch
r
a
n
[
2
2
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
n
tain
i
n
g
6
1
item
s
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
with
eig
h
t
item
s
,
m
en
to
r
in
g
with
s
ev
en
item
s
,
co
ac
h
in
g
with
1
0
item
s
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
with
1
9
item
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
th
r
ee
item
s
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
g
en
d
er
,
p
o
s
itio
n
,
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
as
a
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
.
A
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
with
‘
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
’
to
5
with
‘
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
’
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
s
ca
le
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
‘
v
e
r
y
lo
w
’
to
‘
v
er
y
h
ig
h
’
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e:
v
er
y
l
o
w
(
1
.
0
0
-
1
.
8
0
)
,
l
o
w
(
1
.
8
1
-
2
.
6
0
)
,
m
ed
iu
m
(
2
.
6
1
-
3
.
4
0
)
,
h
ig
h
(
3
.
4
1
-
4
.
2
0
)
,
an
d
v
er
y
h
ig
h
(
4
.
2
1
-
5
.
0
0
)
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
r
e
v
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
a
p
an
el
o
f
1
2
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
r
elate
d
f
ield
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
its
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
r
atio
(
C
VR
)
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
C
VR
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
el
y
u
s
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
i
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ield
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
[
2
3
]
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
VR
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
1
7
i
t
e
m
s
w
e
r
e
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
y
d
i
d
n
o
t
r
e
a
c
h
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
a
l
u
e
s
et
f
o
r
t
h
e
1
2
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
,
w
h
i
c
h
is
0
.
6
6
7
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
em
ain
in
g
item
s
is
4
4
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
v
ar
iab
les:
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
e
(
8
item
s
)
,
m
en
to
r
in
g
(
7
item
s
)
,
co
ac
h
in
g
(
1
0
item
s
)
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
1
9
item
s
)
.
Nex
t,
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
v
o
lv
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4
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s
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with
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4.
RE
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D
D
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h
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d
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T
h
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aly
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etail
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al
m
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ag
em
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t
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
4
.
1
.
T
he
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n o
f
i
nd
uct
io
n pro
g
ra
m
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
two
v
a
r
iab
les,
n
am
el
y
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
co
ac
h
in
g
,
was
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les
o
f
m
en
to
r
in
g
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
wer
e
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
i
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
al
s
h
av
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
t
h
e
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
wh
ic
h
in
clu
d
e
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
e,
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
,
an
d
co
ac
h
in
g
,
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
als
o
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
c
o
n
d
u
cted
am
o
n
g
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
in
d
ir
ec
tly
h
elp
s
th
em
en
h
a
n
ce
th
ei
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lear
n
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g
,
th
e
r
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
c
h
o
o
l m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
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a
t
i
o
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Le
v
e
l
P
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f
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ssi
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
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o
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r
s
e
4
.
2
8
0
.
3
7
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
M
e
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t
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.
0
3
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4
1
H
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g
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C
o
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4
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2
4
0
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3
8
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
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l
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
4
.
1
5
0
.
3
8
h
i
g
h
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
two
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
c
o
ac
h
in
g
,
was
at
a
v
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
lev
el
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
m
e
n
to
r
in
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
was
at
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el.
No
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als
h
av
e
m
ad
e
a
h
i
g
h
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
t
h
eir
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
in
m
an
ag
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
ci
p
als
f
elt
th
at
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
was
r
elev
an
t
to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
n
ee
d
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
,
h
as
clea
r
o
b
jectiv
es,
is
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
,
a
n
d
g
i
v
es
th
em
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
e
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
with
o
th
er
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
to
th
e
im
p
l
em
e
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e,
th
e
n
o
v
i
ce
p
r
in
c
ip
a
l
s
wer
e
a
ls
o
v
er
y
s
at
i
s
f
ied
wi
th
th
e
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
co
ac
h
an
d
m
en
to
r
in
h
e
lp
in
g
th
em
to
c
lea
r
ly
s
e
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
g
o
a
l
s
to
b
e
ac
h
i
ev
ed
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
c
o
ac
h
h
a
s
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
ly
b
u
i
lt
a
g
o
o
d
r
e
la
tio
n
s
h
ip
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ica
te
d
o
p
en
ly
wi
th
th
e
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
c
ip
a
l
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
co
a
ch
in
g
p
e
r
io
d
in
th
e
in
it
ia
l
p
h
a
s
e.
Me
a
n
wh
i
le,
t
h
e
m
en
to
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
a
ls
o
h
e
lp
ed
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
c
ip
a
ls
b
u
i
ld
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
cu
l
tu
r
e
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
ch
o
o
l
m
em
b
er
s
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
e
ir
s
ch
o
o
l
g
o
a
l
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t
,
th
e
co
a
ch
e
s
w
er
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
ly
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
e
ed
b
a
c
k
th
a
t
b
u
i
ld
s
th
e
ir
co
n
f
id
en
c
e
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
eir
r
o
le
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
i
s
le
ad
s
to
p
o
s
it
iv
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
a
l
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
o
v
ic
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
s
,
e
s
p
e
ci
al
ly
in
th
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
a
l
le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
th
e
e
ar
ly
s
ta
g
e
s
o
f
th
e
ir
s
er
v
ic
e
[
2
6
]
.
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
th
at
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
v
alu
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
is
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
th
ey
f
ac
e
in
th
eir
d
aily
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
o
n
th
e
jo
b
h
av
e
an
im
m
ed
iate
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
,
b
esid
es
en
h
an
cin
g
th
eir
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
u
t
co
m
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ce
n
ter
ed
a
n
d
in
lin
e
with
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
th
e
ad
u
lt
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
y
,
w
h
ich
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
b
ei
n
g
r
elev
a
n
t a
n
d
g
o
al
-
o
r
ien
ted
[
2
7
]
.
4
.
2
.
K
ey
co
m
po
nents in t
he
o
rg
a
niza
t
io
na
l
m
a
na
g
e
m
ent
o
f
no
v
ice
princip
a
ls
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
m
u
ltip
le
r
e
g
r
es
s
io
n
an
aly
s
is
(
s
tep
wis
e)
wa
s
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
ain
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
at
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
B
ef
o
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
7
7
4
-
3781
3778
th
r
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2
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a
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2
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th
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m
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tr
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to
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in
th
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wh
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is
in
lin
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w
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th
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f
in
d
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p
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ev
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wh
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p
r
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f
es
s
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al
d
ev
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p
m
e
n
t
ac
tiv
ities
h
elp
n
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p
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in
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m
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tai
n
h
ig
h
s
tan
d
a
r
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s
in
th
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m
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ag
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t
o
f
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ch
o
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l
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an
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s
,
wh
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u
ltima
tel
y
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
all
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
n
ew
lea
r
n
in
g
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d
s
h
ar
in
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f
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p
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tis
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ab
o
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p
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f
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p
r
ac
tices
o
f
e
f
f
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v
e
s
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o
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lead
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s
in
th
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im
p
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tatio
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o
f
c
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in
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h
el
p
ad
d
r
ess
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
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r
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le
[
1
9
]
.
I
t
ca
n
also
h
el
p
n
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v
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p
r
in
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u
n
d
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latf
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to
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ar
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d
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if
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lties
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ter
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with
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u
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ir
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ter
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th
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o
f
o
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o
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e
r
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ted
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with
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n
o
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th
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p
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f
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d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
e
in
th
e
in
d
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p
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r
a
m
,
wh
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in
clu
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ev
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k
ey
asp
ec
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u
ch
as
s
tr
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m
an
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t,
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in
a
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m
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t,
m
an
a
g
in
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ch
an
g
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,
as
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th
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r
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s
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an
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s
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m
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in
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s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
r
eso
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ce
m
an
ag
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en
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n
o
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n
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y
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atica
lly
m
an
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s
ch
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o
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f
in
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s
b
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o
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ca
ted
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p
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es.
I
n
ad
d
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,
th
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ca
n
en
s
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e
th
at
ca
p
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a
s
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d
in
f
r
astru
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u
lar
ly
m
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tain
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ac
co
r
d
i
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g
to
th
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r
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q
u
ir
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e
n
ts
an
d
estab
lis
h
ed
p
r
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d
u
r
es.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
in
d
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g
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
T
a
h
ir
et
a
l.
[
4
]
,
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
te
d
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Org
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l m
a
n
a
g
eme
n
t i
mp
r
o
ve
men
t fa
cto
r
s
in
th
e
n
o
v
ice
…
(
A
n
ey
Ma
r
in
d
a
Mu
h
a
m
ma
d
A
min
)
3779
p
r
o
f
ess
io
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d
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elo
p
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t
co
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im
p
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e
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als
as
well
as th
eir
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t th
eir
d
u
ties
as sch
o
o
l le
ad
er
s
.
No
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
wer
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
an
ag
in
g
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
wo
r
k
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
b
y
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
ea
ch
er
s
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
o
n
a
r
eg
u
lar
b
asis
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
co
m
p
lies
with
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
in
wh
ich
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
p
lay
a
r
o
le
in
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
task
s
,
d
etailin
g
task
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
n
ee
d
s
,
as
well
as
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
taf
f
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
tly
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
i
n
a
p
lan
n
ed
m
a
n
n
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
n
ee
d
s
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
[
2
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
u
ch
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
s
ca
r
ce
am
o
n
g
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
a
ls
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
asp
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
also
p
lay
s
a
n
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
i
d
en
tify
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
s
tr
en
g
th
s
a
n
d
wea
k
n
ess
es,
b
esid
es
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
o
th
at
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
tak
en
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
em
p
h
asis
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
lace
d
o
n
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
r
elate
d
to
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
wh
eth
er
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
e
c
o
n
ten
t
o
r
co
ac
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
am
o
n
g
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
wit
h
ex
ter
n
al
p
ar
ties
,
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
a
n
d
lin
k
s
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
ateg
ic
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
ten
d
t
o
g
ain
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
th
e
lo
ca
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
b
y
i
n
v
o
lv
i
n
g
th
e
m
in
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
ities
wh
ils
t
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
an
d
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ef
f
o
r
t
is
aim
ed
at
o
b
tain
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
a
co
m
m
u
n
ity
n
etwo
r
k
with
c
er
tain
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
cu
r
r
en
t
n
ee
d
s
,
cr
ea
tiv
ely
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
’
s
g
o
als
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
n
o
v
i
ce
p
r
in
cip
als
wer
e
also
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
n
d
u
civ
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
a
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
wo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es
co
o
p
e
r
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
ex
ter
n
al
p
ar
ties
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
s
af
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
f
ac
ilit
ies f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l m
em
b
e
r
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
at
i
m
p
licates
s
o
cializa
tio
n
th
eo
r
y
is
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
es
with
a
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
m
en
to
r
in
g
as
p
ec
t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
at
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
ab
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
’
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
o
cializa
tio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
asp
ec
t
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
also
h
as
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ad
u
lt
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
y
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
co
ac
h
is
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
r
ac
tices o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
ci
p
als.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
s
elf
-
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
wo
r
k
p
lace
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
u
s
ed
b
y
co
ac
h
es
h
av
e
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
y
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
ey
n
ee
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
q
u
ality
g
u
i
d
an
ce
esp
ec
ially
f
r
o
m
tr
ain
e
d
an
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
m
en
to
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
u
r
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
s
et
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
n
am
ely
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
,
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
c
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as
well
as
co
m
p
li
an
ce
with
estab
lis
h
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
is
a
p
r
io
r
ity
in
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als
wh
o
f
o
llo
w
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
also
ab
le
to
id
en
tify
th
e
is
s
u
es
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
n
o
v
i
ce
p
r
in
cip
als
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
a
ctio
n
s
tak
en
as
well
as
s
ch
o
o
l
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
ci
p
als
in
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
cip
als
p
lay
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
lead
i
n
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
lear
n
in
g
cu
ltu
r
e,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
i
n
cip
als
in
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
u
n
ex
p
ec
ted
f
in
d
in
g
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
m
en
to
r
in
g
asp
ec
t
is
n
o
t
a
f
ac
t
o
r
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
k
ills
o
f
n
o
v
ice
p
r
in
ci
p
als.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
i
es
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
m
en
to
r
in
g
is
th
e
m
ain
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
u
s
ed
in
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
is
m
atter
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es o
f
th
e
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
l
d
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti
Keb
an
g
s
aa
n
Ma
lay
s
ia
(
UKM
)
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Vo
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.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
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20
25
:
3
7
7
4
-
3781
3780
AUTHO
R
CO
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B
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[
1
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v
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istratio
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ly
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n
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)
.
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e
Dire
c
to
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m
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fr
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m
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ti
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.
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ra
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ted
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ty
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f
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ti
n
g
h
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m
(M
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lay
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m
p
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s)
with
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m
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ste
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ti
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l
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n
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re
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c
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l
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d
m
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n
istratio
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e
d
u
c
a
ti
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l
lea
d
e
rsh
ip
,
tea
c
h
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r
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li
sm
,
a
n
d
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g
p
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d
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g
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g
y
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
id
a
h
a
n
im@
u
k
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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