T
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m
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Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
1
201
~1
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1
1
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SS
N:
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Qu
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Dep
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Fac
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T
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Un
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Xu
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Ha
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Vietn
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q
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.
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.
v
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
atc
h
ed
f
ie
ld
g
i
v
es
v
er
y
ac
c
u
r
ate
r
es
u
lt
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
tak
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to
ac
co
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n
t
th
e
in
f
l
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en
ce
o
f
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en
v
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o
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m
en
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w
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r
ce
D
o
p
p
ler
,
an
d
s
ea
b
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
1
]
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
d
at
a
u
s
ed
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n
m
atc
h
ed
f
ield
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
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(
MFP
)
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
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o
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r
ce
is
t
h
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m
ea
s
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d
ata
f
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o
m
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v
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tical
h
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p
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a
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h
N
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m
e
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h
e
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d
s
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ce
is
th
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m
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eled
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ata
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f
th
e
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w
a
v
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g
u
id
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A
cc
o
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d
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g
to
r
esear
ch
er
s
[2
]
,
[
3
]
,
th
e
o
ce
an
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
is
f
o
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m
e
d
b
y
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ter
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et
w
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a
s
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r
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d
a
s
ea
b
ed
,
w
h
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ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
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ed
as
an
ab
s
o
lu
tel
y
r
ig
id
b
o
tto
m
o
r
an
elastic
b
o
tto
m
.
W
ith
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
o
tto
m
s
,
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
w
il
l b
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t,
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
f
ield
at
th
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r
ec
ei
v
er
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
m
o
d
e
m
et
h
o
d
[
4
]
-
[
6
]
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
o
s
cil
latio
n
s
alo
n
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t
h
e
d
ep
th
to
cr
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te
m
o
d
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th
at
s
at
is
f
y
t
h
e
Hel
m
h
o
l
t
z
w
a
v
e
eq
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atio
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,
th
e
s
o
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n
d
p
r
ess
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r
e
at
th
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n
g
p
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in
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w
ill
b
e
th
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s
u
m
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
m
o
d
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
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r
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al
m
o
d
e
m
e
th
o
d
w
il
l
b
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
h
as
ce
r
tain
li
m
itatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
P
ar
ab
o
lic
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
o
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n
as
a
d
is
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ce
-
d
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d
en
t
m
e
th
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.
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n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
pa
r
a
b
o
lic
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
g
r
id
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
at
th
e
later
p
o
in
t
is
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
p
r
es
s
u
r
e
at
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
o
in
t.
An
o
th
er
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
at
it
is
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
la
y
er
ed
o
ce
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
W
h
e
n
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
o
p
ag
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n
m
o
d
el
is
d
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m
i
n
ed
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
i
s
th
e
i
n
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
o
p
a
g
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p
r
o
b
le
m
MFP
[
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
1
2
0
1
-
1
211
1202
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
FP
m
eth
o
d
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
MFP
[
1
]
,
m
o
d
e
-
b
ased
M
FP
[
1
0
]
,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
en
t
r
o
p
y
MFP
[
1
1
]
,
MFP
b
ased
o
n
Kar
h
u
n
e
n
-
L
o
e
v
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
[
1
2
]
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
MFP
[
1
3
]
an
d
r
ec
en
tl
y
R
ie
m
an
n
ia
n
MFP
(
R
MFP
)
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
later
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
b
o
r
n
,
th
e
m
o
r
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ca
p
ab
le
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h
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y
a
r
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b
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s
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to
m
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s
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atch
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to
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r
s
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u
n
icatio
n
s
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
as
i
n
st
u
d
y
[
1
7
]
th
e
B
C
E
t
h
a
t
e
m
p
lo
y
s
p
h
ase
-
lo
ck
ed
lo
o
p
(
P
L
L
)
a
n
d
e
x
p
lo
its
th
e
c
y
clo
s
tatio
n
ar
y
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
m
o
d
u
lated
s
i
g
n
al
s
h
as
b
e
en
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
B
C
E
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
u
n
d
er
w
ater
ac
o
u
s
t
ic
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
m
iti
g
ate
in
t
er
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
I
SI)
c
au
s
e
d
b
y
m
u
lt
ip
at
h
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
B
C
E
b
ased
o
n
b
lin
d
d
ec
o
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
9
]
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
i
n
g
b
o
th
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
d
ata.
T
h
e
B
C
E
u
tili
zin
g
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
s
tatis
tic
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ti
m
e
s
lo
ts
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
ater
m
o
d
e
m
s
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
0
]
.
Xiao
an
d
Yin
[
2
1
]
,
th
e
B
C
E
em
p
lo
y
i
n
g
r
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
R
L
S)
w
it
h
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
o
r
g
etti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
w
a
s
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
Sil
v
a
an
d
Fer
n
an
d
e
s
[
2
2
]
o
n
e
u
s
es
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
eq
u
alize
r
w
h
ic
h
is
ca
lled
b
lin
d
lin
ea
r
eq
u
alize
r
u
s
in
g
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
B
L
E
-
G
A
)
a
m
et
h
o
d
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
s
to
ch
as
tic
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
w
it
h
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
b
lin
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
.
De
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
n
o
is
e
r
esi
lien
ce
,
r
ap
id
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
,
an
d
s
ca
l
ab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
h
ig
h
-
o
r
d
er
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
am
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
Q
A
M
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
e.
g
.
,
6
4
-
QAM
)
;
Hao
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
o
n
e
u
s
es
t
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
eq
u
alize
r
w
h
ich
b
ased
o
n
a
f
lo
atin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
eq
u
alize
r
(
DFE)
,
t
ailo
r
ed
f
o
r
Ser
Des
r
ec
eiv
er
s
an
d
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
3
2
Gb
p
s
)
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
is
:
c
a
n
B
C
E
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
?
t
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
,
i
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ata
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
B
C
E
th
at
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
s
f
o
r
s
i
g
n
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el,
th
e
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l
w
il
l
clo
s
el
y
r
ese
m
b
le
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
a
l.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
B
C
E
w
ith
it
s
ch
an
n
el
i
m
p
u
ls
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
th
r
ee
p
ath
s
:
a
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
,
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
r
ef
lecte
d
p
ath
,
an
d
a
b
o
tto
m
-
r
ef
lecte
d
p
ath
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
is
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e,
an
d
th
en
it
i
s
eq
u
alize
d
b
ased
o
n
th
is
esti
m
atio
n
.
Af
ter
th
at,
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
B
C
E
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
t
h
at
o
f
u
s
in
g
R
MFP
,
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
a
d
ep
th
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
0
m
eter
s
an
d
a
r
an
g
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
0
0
m
eter
s
,
w
h
ile
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
lo
w
er
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
S
AC
L
A
NT
a
co
u
s
tic
d
ataset
[
2
8
]
h
av
e
v
er
if
ied
th
is
r
esu
lt
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
e
r
i
s
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
R
MFP
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
lo
ca
lizati
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
E
.
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
R
MFP
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
E
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
Fin
all
y
,
w
e
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
RIE
M
ANNIAN
M
AT
CH
E
D
F
I
E
L
D
P
RO
CE
S
SI
N
G
MFP
in
g
e
n
er
al
a
n
d
R
MFP
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
h
av
e
ta
k
e
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
eir
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
,
t
h
u
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
o
u
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
ted
at
c
o
o
r
d
in
ate
=
(
,
)
,
w
e
u
s
e
a
v
er
tical
h
y
d
r
o
p
h
o
n
e
ar
r
ay
w
it
h
N
s
en
s
o
r
s
at
co
o
r
d
in
ate
=
(
,
)
,
=
1
,
,
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
ield
o
b
tain
ed
is
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
(
,
)
=
.
(
,
)
+
(
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
C
is
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
,
B
is
th
e
g
r
ee
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
m
o
d
e
m
o
d
el
(
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
la
y
er
ed
o
ce
an
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
s
ea
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
s
ea
b
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
v
elo
cit
y
p
r
o
f
ile)
,
N
is
th
e
o
ce
an
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e
u
n
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
C
.
Fro
m
th
er
e,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
cr
o
s
s
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
it
y
m
atr
ix
i
s
:
=
∑
[
]
=
1
[
]
(
2
)
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
ized
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
cr
o
s
s
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
m
atr
i
x
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
=
√
∑
∑
|
(
)
|
2
=
1
=
1
(
3
)
T
h
e
Fro
b
en
iu
s
n
o
r
m
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
at
‖
‖
2
=
∑
=
(
)
w
h
er
e
is
ele
m
en
t
o
f
m
atr
ix
X
a
n
d
H
is
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e
co
n
j
u
g
a
te
[
1
2
]
.
P
r
ed
icted
s
o
u
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
at
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
g
r
ea
te
s
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
ep
lica
f
ield
cr
o
s
s
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
m
atr
ix
an
d
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
ield
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
er
tical
h
y
d
r
o
p
h
o
n
e
ar
r
ay
.
T
h
e
m
atc
h
ed
f
ield
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
b
ased
o
n
R
ie
m
a
n
n
ia
n
g
eo
m
etr
y
is
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
R
ie
m
a
n
n
ia
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1203
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m
n
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[
1
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,
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(
̂
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=
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√
[
(
)
2
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+
[
(
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)
2
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−
2
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(
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(
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(
4
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3.
T
H
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L
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T
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u
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t
s
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ip
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d
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ien
t
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p
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tr
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en
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itie
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p
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d
.
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th
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h
o
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e
n
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is
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m
p
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e
s
p
ec
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ied
b
y
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m
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ir
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o
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m
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la
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d
ar
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p
r
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n
d
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e
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f
r
eq
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y
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n
k
H
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as
i
n
[
2
9
]
.
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e
m
a
y
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n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
t
h
e
a
m
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ie
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ap
p
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ated
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e
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eg
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5
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26
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7
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4
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15
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a
m
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ien
t
n
o
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e
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ar
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g
to
th
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s
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n
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h
e
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is
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ce
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g
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as
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
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h
e
w
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n
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ee
d
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n
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e
0
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l
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r
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m
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r
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ar
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g
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atel
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ad
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t d
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u
r
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1
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s
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tr
al
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en
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t
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ie
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as
in
[
2
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2
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un
d
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bs
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n
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ath
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g
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e
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y
(
6
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[
2
9
]
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(
,
)
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(
/
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(
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−
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6
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w
h
er
e
f
is
t
h
e
s
i
g
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al
f
r
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en
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y
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ath
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o
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ical
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et
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s
o
r
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h
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y
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n
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s
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.
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e
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n
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ef
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icien
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s
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ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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I
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6
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T
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m
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23
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
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2
0
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211
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u
r
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2
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o
r
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n
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d
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s
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o
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o
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ce
s
w
ith
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r
eq
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en
c
y
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o
n
s
eq
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en
tl
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t
h
e
s
ig
n
alto
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n
o
is
e
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atio
(
SNR
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ar
ies
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v
er
th
e
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ig
n
a
l
b
an
d
w
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th
.
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h
e
SNR
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n
b
e
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p
r
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as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
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n
ar
r
o
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n
d
o
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en
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an
d
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o
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an
s
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itted
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al
(
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(
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(
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(
,
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(
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r
an
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iv
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e
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r
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o
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d
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s
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a
f
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o
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f
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e
n
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s
s
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n
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r
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3.
Fig
u
r
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3
.
Sig
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y
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c
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t
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ac
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r
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A
(
l
;
f
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(
f
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as in
[
2
9
]
3
.
4
.
Cha
nn
el
m
o
del w
it
h t
hree
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a
t
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h
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f
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atio
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ltip
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h
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ter
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e
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r
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n
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e
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lect
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at
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r
f
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o
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ath
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s
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r
f
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d
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m
r
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lectio
n
r
ay
s
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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K
A
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elec
o
m
m
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n
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n
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1205
Fig
u
r
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4
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h
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ath
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5
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5
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h
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tr
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er
f
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[
2
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e
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=
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=
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e
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m
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m
u
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h
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e
as
(
1
1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
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o
m
m
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n
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o
m
p
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t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
1
2
0
1
-
1
211
1206
≤
.
=
3
×
1
=
3
(
ℎ
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1
1
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R
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ig
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Fig
u
r
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.
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ated
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ates o
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ig
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3
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[
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2
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8
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I
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f
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alize
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ch
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n
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el
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h
e
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s
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ates
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th
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o
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th
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h
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n
el
tr
an
s
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er
f
u
n
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.
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h
e
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ata
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eiv
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f
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th
e
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t
ical
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e
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s
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g
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is
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ata
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r
r
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al
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n
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t o
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th
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co
r
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o
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r
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ted
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o
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r
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n
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r
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a
t
in
p
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p
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s
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B
C
E
,
th
e
o
n
l
y
m
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s
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r
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d
ata
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u
s
ed
w
h
ea
r
ea
s
in
R
MF
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o
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n
l
y
m
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s
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ata
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t
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eled
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ata
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e
u
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ed
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h
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m
p
lex
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o
f
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d
ep
en
d
s
o
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h
o
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y
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en
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o
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s
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u
n
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n
.
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w
e
v
er
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th
e
ti
m
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d
ela
y
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
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t
h
e
p
r
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p
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ed
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is
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ce
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tab
le
f
o
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th
e
u
n
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er
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ater
ch
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n
el
i
n
th
i
s
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s
e.
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h
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s
e,
t
h
e
m
a
x
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m
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m
d
ela
y
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er
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ater
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o
n
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s
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t
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e
ti
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e
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o
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co
m
p
u
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.
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h
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o
th
er
b
en
ef
it
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
r
w
ater
s
o
u
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ce
lo
ca
lizatio
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u
s
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n
g
th
e
p
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o
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o
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ed
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is
t
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t
co
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ld
b
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p
ly
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s
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n
t
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e
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te
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o
t
n
ec
ce
s
it
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to
tr
a
n
s
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ite
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ain
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s
e
q
u
en
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f
o
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ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
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u
n
d
i
n
g
.
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h
e
r
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lts
o
f
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ca
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th
e
s
o
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n
d
s
o
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M
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icted
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r
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er
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g
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ig
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es 1
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u
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ater
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ater
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ce
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u
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e
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alize
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ater
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ig
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ater
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d
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as in
T
a
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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MFP
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(
Tr
a
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o
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)
1209
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
l
o
ca
lizatio
n
u
s
in
g
R
MFP
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
E
M
e
t
r
i
c
T
r
u
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
R
M
F
P
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
B
C
E
R
a
n
g
e
5
7
0
0
m
5
7
0
0
m
5
8
0
0
m
D
e
p
t
h
4
8
m
4
8
m
5
8
m
C
o
mp
l
e
x
i
t
y
H
i
g
h
M
e
d
i
u
m
S
p
y
s
y
st
e
m
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Su
r
p
r
is
i
n
g
l
y
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
lin
d
ch
a
n
n
el
eq
u
al
izer
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
co
u
ld
b
e
lo
ca
ted
.
T
h
er
e
is
an
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
0
m
in
d
ep
th
an
d
3
0
0
m
in
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
E
is
co
m
p
letel
y
p
r
o
v
en
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
MF
P
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
i
n
s
h
allo
w
s
ea
w
ater
,
cu
r
v
ed
s
o
u
n
d
r
ay
s
d
o
n
o
t p
r
ev
ail
o
v
er
s
tr
ai
g
h
t o
n
es.
W
e
m
a
y
co
n
c
lu
d
e
th
at
i
n
s
h
all
o
w
u
n
d
er
w
ater
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
e
ca
n
u
s
e
b
o
th
R
MFP
o
r
B
C
E
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
E
an
d
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
eq
u
alize
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
f
ir
s
t
ly
,
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
in
s
tead
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
;
s
e
co
n
d
ly
,
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
ac
h
iev
e
s
f
aster
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
in
ce
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
p
ilo
t
s
ig
n
al
s
as
in
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
i
s
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
ch
a
n
n
el
s
w
it
h
li
m
ited
an
d
s
ca
r
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
co
m
es
at
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
r
ed
u
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
i
f
th
e
s
tatis
tica
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
SN
R
ar
e
d
ev
iated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ea
l o
n
es
.
5.
CO
NCLU
S
I
O
N
A
b
li
n
d
ch
a
n
n
e
l
eq
u
alize
r
co
m
p
r
i
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
r
a
y
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
ts
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
is
esti
m
ated
o
n
th
e
b
a
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
s
tat
is
tica
l
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
S
NR
in
th
e
u
n
d
er
w
ater
ac
o
u
s
tic
ch
a
n
n
el.
A
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
d
th
is
b
lin
d
eq
u
alize
r
is
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
liza
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
t
h
e
FMFP
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
h
i
le
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
lo
w
er
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
d
ela
y
i
s
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
as
u
n
d
er
w
ater
ac
o
u
s
tic
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
t
y
p
icall
y
t
o
ler
ate
d
elay
s
p
r
ea
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
s
ev
er
al
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
B
o
th
B
C
E
a
n
d
R
MFP
s
h
o
w
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
s
p
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
its
ac
cu
r
ac
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
ta
tis
tical
SN
R
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
w
ater
ac
o
u
s
tic
c
h
an
n
e
l
d
ev
iates
f
r
o
m
i
ts
ac
t
u
al
v
al
u
e
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
p
ass
i
v
e
SON
AR
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
Viet
Na
m
n
a
v
y
as
w
ell
as
o
f
t
h
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
av
y
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
w
e
w
ill
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
allo
w
ab
le
d
ev
ia
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
SN
R
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
a
n
d
th
e
ac
t
u
a
l
SNR
o
n
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
u
n
d
er
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
lizatio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
M
E
NT
S
W
e
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
S
AC
L
A
NT
C
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ac
ce
s
s
o
f
SON
A
R
ar
r
a
y
d
ata
an
d
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
VNUH
)
.
F
UNDIN
G
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
i
t
y
h
as sc
ien
ce
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
u
n
d
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t le
ctu
r
er
s
i
n
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RIB
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
j
o
u
r
n
al
u
s
e
s
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
t
o
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
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I
R
D
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E
Vi
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P
Fu
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r
an
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ao
Qu
y
en
✓
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✓
T
r
an
L
in
h
Hu
o
n
g
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n
g
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C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
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t
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M
:
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n
v
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