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.
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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On
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[
1
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,
[
2
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,
[
1
7
]
,
[
18
].
Ne
v
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s
s
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o
d
is
to
u
s
e
Ce
3+
d
o
p
in
g
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
g
r
ad
u
al
ST
E
g
e
n
er
atio
n
in
to
t
h
e
f
aster
Ce
3+
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
P
r
i
o
r
r
esear
ch
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
on
Ce
3+
d
o
p
ed
B
aF
2
cr
y
s
tal.
U
s
i
n
g
B
aF
2
-
Ce
3+
cr
y
s
t
als
as
a
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
M
y
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
r
ap
id
Ce
3+
g
en
er
atio
n
b
en
ea
t
h
X
-
r
a
y
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
,
h
av
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ea
test
s
tr
en
g
t
h
f
o
r
Ce
3+
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
of
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
0
.
2
m
o
l
%.
T
h
e
s
cin
till
a
tio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
of
Ce
3+
d
o
p
ed
B
aF
2
cr
y
s
tal
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
th
e
lo
w
er
i
n
g
of
s
l
u
g
g
i
s
h
B
aF
2
g
en
er
atio
n
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
by
T
u
n
g
et
al
.
[
3
]
,
C
o
n
g
et
al
.
[
4
].
On
th
e
o
p
ti
c
an
d
s
cin
till
at
in
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
of
Ce
3+
d
o
p
ed
B
aF
2
ce
r
am
ics,
y
et,
n
o
t
m
a
n
y
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
[
5
]
,
[
6
].
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
no
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
of
a
p
h
o
to
-
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
u
s
i
n
g
t
r
an
s
l
u
ce
n
t
ce
r
a
m
ic
B
aF
2
-
C
e.
It
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
n
g
t
h
e
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
ce
r
a
m
ics
o
w
in
g
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
atte
n
tio
n
on
ce
r
a
m
ic
s
ci
n
till
ato
r
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
we
cr
ea
ted
a
B
aF
2
c
er
a
m
ic
d
o
p
ed
w
it
h
0
.
2
m
o
l%
Ce
3+
t
h
at
w
as
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
Ø
1
0
×1
mm
2
an
d
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
its
lu
m
in
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
Na
-
22
a
n
d
Cs
-
137
r
ad
io
is
o
to
p
es,
th
e
p
u
l
s
e
h
e
ig
h
t
h
u
e
r
an
g
e
s
co
llected
f
r
o
m
B
aF
2
-
Ce
tr
a
n
s
l
u
ce
n
t
ce
r
a
m
ic
ex
h
ib
it
a
p
h
o
to
-
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
w
it
h
a
f
u
ll
-
w
id
t
h
h
al
f
m
ax
i
m
u
m
(
FW
HM
)
p
o
w
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
of
1
3
.
5
%
at
662
k
eV.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
B
a
F
2
-
Ce(
0
.
2
%)
t
ra
ns
lucent
ce
ra
m
ic
cr
ea
t
io
n
T
h
e
B
a
(
NO
3
)
2
an
d
k
aliu
m
f
lu
o
r
id
a
(
KF
)
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
w
er
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
a
Ce
0·001
Ba
0·999
F
2.
001
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
w
it
h
d
eio
n
ized
w
ater
b
ein
g
th
e
s
o
lv
en
t.
C
e(
NO
3
)
3
·
6
H
2
O
an
d
P
E
G2
0
0
0
w
er
e
m
i
x
ed
to
g
eth
er
in
a
B
a(
NO
3
)
2
.
T
h
e
KF
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
w
er
e
a
d
d
ed
to
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
e
n
d
of
th
e
p
r
ec
ip
itati
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
w
as
lef
t
o
v
er
24
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
ip
itatin
g
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
r
in
s
ed
w
it
h
d
eio
n
ized
w
ater
a
n
d
f
ilter
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
ip
itatin
g
r
es
u
lt
s
w
er
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
lef
t
to
d
r
y
d
u
r
in
g
24
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
r
ied
p
o
w
d
er
s
w
er
e
cr
u
s
h
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ac
ted
in
to
1
0
×5
mm
d
is
c
s
u
s
in
g
200
M
P
a
u
n
iax
ial
p
r
ess
u
r
es.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ac
t
s
w
er
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
c
o
ld
is
o
s
tatic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
s
in
t
er
ed
in
th
e
v
ac
u
u
m
s
ea
led
f
u
r
n
ac
e
(
VSF)
an
d
a
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
of
10
ºC
p
er
m
i
n
u
te.
T
h
e
f
u
r
n
ac
e
co
n
tai
n
er
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
of
ele
v
ated
-
h
ea
t
s
tain
less
s
teel,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
i
n
s
id
e
co
n
tai
n
er
is
b
u
ilt
of
f
ib
er
g
r
ap
h
ite.
T
h
e
t
h
er
m
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
of
SieMo
.
T
h
e
s
in
ter
i
n
g
h
ea
t
w
a
s
in
itia
ll
y
s
et
at
1
0
0
0
ºC
d
u
r
in
g
2
h
o
u
r
s
,
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
1300
ºC
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
6
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
in
ter
e
d
s
p
ec
i
m
en
s
w
er
e
tak
e
n
f
o
r
g
r
in
d
in
g
an
d
p
o
lis
h
ed
.
2
.
2
.
Cha
ra
c
t
er
iza
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
h
ase
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
u
til
izin
g
a
B
r
u
k
er
D8
ADV
A
N
C
E
X
-
r
a
y
d
if
f
r
ac
to
m
eter
.
PL
a
n
d
P
L
E
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
an
E
d
in
b
u
r
g
h
F
S5
s
p
ec
tr
o
f
lu
o
r
o
m
eter
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
’
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
w
a
s
s
tu
d
ied
u
til
izin
g
t
h
e
X
-
r
a
y
-
g
e
n
er
ated
o
p
tic
lu
m
in
o
s
it
y
(
X
E
OL
)
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
r
ea
ctio
n
to
g
am
m
a
6
6
2
KeV
an
d
5
1
1
KeV
w
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
w
ith
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
bi
-
alk
ali
Ha
m
a
m
at
s
u
p
h
o
to
m
u
l
tip
lier
tu
b
e
(
P
MT
)
.
T
h
e
P
M
T
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
w
as
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
Ha
m
a
m
at
s
u
p
r
ea
m
p
li
f
ier
an
d
s
h
ap
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
Or
tec
am
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
e
m
u
l
ti
-
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
d
ev
ice
w
a
s
a
C
a
n
b
er
r
a
MP
I
I
.
Scin
till
ati
n
g
p
er
io
d
w
as
ca
lc
u
lated
u
tili
zi
n
g
g
a
m
m
a
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
P
M
T
,
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
r
ea
m
p
li
f
ier
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ee
n
on
a
P
ico
tech
d
ig
ital
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
T
h
e
d
eter
i
o
r
atio
n
p
er
io
d
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
fi
ttin
g
of
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
of
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
.
L
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
y
ie
ld
(
L
Y)
is
esti
m
ated
by
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
b
en
ea
th
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
p
er
io
d
g
r
ap
h
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
u
l
s
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
w
it
h
a
NaI
(
T
l)
lu
m
i
n
esce
n
t
m
ater
ia
l
b
en
ea
th
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
We
n
o
w
d
is
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
X
R
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
of
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%)
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
an
d
tr
an
s
l
u
ce
n
t
ce
r
a
m
ic.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
m
a
x
i
m
a
co
n
n
ec
t
to
th
e
clea
n
cu
b
ic
s
ta
g
e
of
B
aF
2
-
C
e.
T
h
e
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
an
d
ce
r
a
m
i
c
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
s
do
n
o
t
co
n
tain
a
n
y
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ta
g
es
.
T
h
e
lu
m
in
e
s
ce
n
ce
e
m
i
tti
n
g
an
d
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
h
u
e
r
a
n
g
e
of
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%)
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
lu
m
i
n
esce
n
ce
s
ti
m
u
la
tio
n
(
P
L
E
)
hue
r
a
n
g
e
h
as
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
p
o
in
t
at
300
nm
a
n
d
an
o
th
er
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
280
n
m
.
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%)
e
m
it
s
at
310
an
d
323
nm
w
h
en
s
t
i
m
u
lated
w
it
h
279
an
d
300
n
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
In
co
n
tr
a
s
t
to
clea
n
B
aF
2
,
B
aF
2
-
Ce
ce
r
a
m
i
c
lack
s
a
r
ap
id
elem
e
n
t
h
a
v
in
g
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
at
195
-
220
n
m
.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
e
m
it
t
ed
at
310
nm
o
v
er
lap
s
o
v
er
th
e
ST
E
g
en
er
atio
n
in
clea
n
B
aF
2
.
Ce
3+
d
o
p
ed
f
l
u
o
r
id
es
s
cin
til
lato
r
s
e
m
it
at
310
an
d
3
2
3
nm
d
u
e
to
tr
an
s
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
5d
r
an
g
e’
s
u
n
d
er
n
ea
th
to
th
e
2
F
5/2
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Th
e
imp
a
cts o
f o
p
tica
l d
is
p
la
y
B
a
F
2
-
C
e
ma
teri
a
ls
o
n
s
o
lid
-
s
ta
te
lig
h
tin
g
(
Lu
u
Ho
n
g
Qu
a
n
)
719
2
F
7/2
p
o
w
er
v
al
u
es
of
th
e
Ce
3+
io
n
s
’
4f
1
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
19
]
-
[
2
2
].
We
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
lig
h
t
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
u
s
in
g
XE
O
L
.
XE
OL
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
b
e
n
e
f
it
of
d
etec
tin
g
ev
er
y
g
en
er
atio
n
in
a
s
p
ec
i
m
en
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
XE
OL
,
X
-
r
a
y
s
p
en
etr
ate
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
to
g
en
er
ate
ch
ar
g
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
th
at
m
a
y
r
e
m
ix
a
n
d
cr
ea
te
illu
m
in
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
XE
OL
s
p
ec
tr
a
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
i
n
g
an
X
-
r
a
y
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
r
ev
ea
ls
g
en
er
atio
n
s
310
-
323
nm
in
B
aF
2
-
C
e,
b
u
t
t
h
e
clea
n
B
aF
2
’s
r
ap
id
p
ar
t
is
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
.
Ce
-
d
o
p
in
g
in
B
aF
2
-
Ce
ce
r
a
m
ics
ca
u
s
es
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
r
ap
id
B
aF
2
g
en
er
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
d
if
f
er
s
in
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
to
th
e
le
s
s
r
ap
id
STE
g
en
er
atio
n
of
clea
n
B
aF
2
.
Fo
r
b
etter
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
of
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
in
B
aF
2
-
C
e,
t
h
e
s
cin
till
ati
n
g
d
eg
r
ad
ati
o
n
p
er
io
d
w
a
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
u
s
i
n
g
g
a
m
m
a
s
ti
m
u
latio
n
.
Sci
n
til
lati
o
n
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
s
w
er
e
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
m
atc
h
i
n
g
of
r
esu
lt
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
.
Scin
till
a
tio
n
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
a
bi
-
e
x
p
o
n
en
t
ial
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
a
q
u
i
ck
p
ar
t
th
at
is
58
ns
an
d
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
of
3
7
%,
an
d
a
m
o
r
e
g
r
ad
u
al
p
ar
t
of
434
ns
h
av
i
n
g
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
of
6
3
%.
T
h
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ar
e
clo
s
e
to
th
o
s
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
Ce
3+
d
o
p
ed
B
aF
2
s
o
le
cr
y
s
tals
[
4
].
T
h
e
r
ap
id
p
a
r
t
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
Ce
3+
io
n
’
s
5d
-
4f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
is
co
m
m
o
n
f
o
r
Ce
3+
ill
u
m
i
n
atio
n
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
et
tin
g
s
[5
]
,
[
15
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
].
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
g
r
ad
u
al
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
ar
t
is
less
len
g
t
h
y
th
a
n
ST
E
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
B
aF
2
h
o
s
t.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
lo
w
l
y
ele
m
en
t
s
tr
e
n
g
th
(
6
3
%)
in
B
aF
2
-
Ce
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
85%
in
clea
n
B
aF
2
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
.
T
h
e
less
le
n
g
t
h
y
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
of
434
ns
in
B
aF
2
-
Ce
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
630
ns
in
clea
n
B
aF
2
co
u
ld
be
attr
ib
u
ted
to
d
ip
o
le
-
d
ip
o
le
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
s
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
th
e
Ce
3+
l
u
m
in
e
s
ce
n
t
co
r
e.
Dip
o
le
-
d
ip
o
le
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
o
n
o
r
(
B
aF
2
)
to
a
r
ec
eiv
er
(
C
e
3+
)
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
d
o
n
o
r
’
s
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
[
24
]
,
[
25
].
In
(
1
)
[
25
]
,
[
26
]
r
elate
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
of
d
ip
o
le
-
d
ip
o
le
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
(E)
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
of
th
e
d
o
n
o
r
(
B
aF
2
h
o
s
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
)
.
=
1
−
=
1
−
(
1
)
τ
DA
an
d
τ
D
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
d
o
n
o
r
’
s
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
p
er
io
d
w
it
h
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
r
ec
ip
ien
t
(
C
e
3+
in
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
in
s
ta
n
ce
)
.
F
DA
an
d
F
D
r
ep
r
es
en
t
th
e
d
o
n
o
r
’
s
f
l
u
o
r
esce
n
t
s
t
r
en
g
t
h
in
t
h
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
an
d
n
o
n
ex
i
s
ten
ce
of
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
a
p
ar
tial
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
of
ST
E
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
B
aF
2
to
Ce
3+
in
B
aF
2
-
C
e.
T
h
an
k
s
to
its
r
ap
id
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
r
atio
n
au
g
m
en
ted
by
Ce
in
te
g
r
atio
n
,
B
aF
2
-
Ce
w
o
u
l
d
be
d
esira
b
le
w
h
e
n
it
co
m
e
s
te
m
p
o
r
all
y
s
tr
ict
m
e
asu
r
i
n
g
tas
k
s
an
d
can
be
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
of
s
ci
n
til
l
atin
g
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
er
g
r
an
u
les
s
u
c
h
as
β
-
b
ea
m
s
as
w
ell
as
γ
-
b
ea
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
ap
id
s
cin
till
atin
g
r
ea
ctio
n
ca
n
au
g
m
e
n
t
ti
m
i
n
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
a
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
f
ac
to
r
w
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
m
ed
ici
n
al
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
.
It
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
tili
ze
B
aF
2
-
Ce
w
i
th
in
T
OF
-
P
E
T
s
ca
n
n
er
s
f
o
r
au
g
m
en
t
in
g
s
p
atial
v
is
u
als
as
w
ell
as
le
s
s
e
n
in
g
n
o
is
e.
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
li
m
i
ted
r
esear
ch
es
of
t
h
e
s
ci
n
til
lati
n
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
[
5
]
,
[
6
].
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
t
h
er
e
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ies
on
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
g
a
m
m
a
p
h
o
to
-
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
w
it
h
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
of
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
g
a
m
m
a
h
u
e
r
an
g
e
s
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
p
o
in
t
of
th
e
g
a
m
m
a
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
Fo
r
g
a
m
m
a
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
,
t
h
e
s
ci
n
till
ato
r
s
h
o
u
ld
cr
ea
te
a
li
g
h
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
To
in
v
est
ig
ate
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
f
o
r
g
a
m
m
a
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
al
y
s
is
,
we
co
llecte
d
p
u
ls
e
h
ei
g
h
t
h
u
e
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ad
io
is
o
to
p
es.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
h
eig
h
t
h
u
e
r
an
g
e
s
h
o
w
s
p
h
o
to
m
a
x
i
m
a
at
511
k
eV,
662
k
eV,
a
n
d
1274
k
eV.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
of
1
3
.
5
%
at
6
6
2
k
eV
h
as
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
FW
HM
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
m
atch
of
th
e
e
n
tire
p
o
w
er
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
ce
r
a
m
ic
u
s
ed
w
as
Ø
1
0
×1
mm
2
.
Fo
r
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
i
llu
m
i
n
atio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
by
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%)
ce
r
a
m
ic,
th
e
i
n
teg
r
als
of
s
ci
n
till
at
io
n
r
ea
ctio
n
w
er
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
of
NaI
(
T
l)
.
A
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
ev
i
s
io
n
ele
m
en
t
w
as
ap
p
lied
,
tak
i
n
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
e
m
itti
n
g
of
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%),
NaI
(
T
l)
,
an
d
P
M
T
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
.
T
h
e
lu
m
i
n
o
s
it
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
by
B
aF
2
-
C
e(
0
.
2
%)
is
5
1
0
0
p
h
o
to
n
s
/M
eV,
w
h
ich
is
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
th
e
5
0
0
0
-
7000
p
h
o
to
n
s
/Me
V
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
o
r
B
aF
2
-
Ce
s
o
le
cr
y
s
tal.
B
aF
2
-
Ce
tr
a
n
s
l
u
c
en
t
ce
r
a
m
ic
is
a
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
to
s
o
le
cr
y
s
ta
l
s
c
in
till
a
to
r
s
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
g
en
er
ate
p
h
o
to
-
m
a
x
i
m
a,
s
i
m
p
l
icit
y
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
h
ig
h
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
d
u
r
ab
ili
t
y
.
T
h
e
lo
w
er
co
s
t
can
be
attr
ib
u
ted
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
a
cto
r
s
.
W
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
f
ab
r
i
ca
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
ce
r
am
ics
wo
u
ld
be
cr
ea
ted
v
ia
s
in
ter
i
n
g
p
o
w
d
er
s
a
m
p
les
w
it
h
g
r
ea
ter
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
m
aller
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
ile
s
i
n
g
le
cr
y
s
tal
n
ec
es
s
itates
i
m
m
ac
u
la
te
h
ea
t
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
,
len
g
t
h
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
d
u
r
atio
n
s
,
as
w
ell
as
co
s
tl
y
ap
p
ar
atu
s
es.
Wh
en
it
co
m
es
to
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
s
ca
le,
ce
r
a
m
ic
e
n
ab
les
b
atch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
f
ac
ili
tate
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ab
r
icatio
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
s
a
m
p
les
w
h
ile
s
in
g
le
cr
y
s
tal
t
y
p
icall
y
lead
s
to
s
m
all
o
u
tp
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e
of
f
a
u
lts
,
cr
ev
ices
as
w
el
l
as
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
r
estrictio
n
s
.
It
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
r
ess
an
d
s
in
ter
ce
r
a
m
ics
to
cr
ea
te
q
u
asi
-
n
et
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
li
m
it
w
a
s
te
w
h
ile
s
i
n
g
le
cr
y
s
tals
t
y
p
ica
ll
y
n
ee
d
m
ac
h
in
i
n
g
p
o
s
ter
io
r
to
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
ca
u
s
in
g
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
lo
s
s
.
In
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
ea
s
ier
to
r
eg
late
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
as
w
e
ll
as
s
h
ap
e
B
aF
2
-
Ce
a
n
d
th
is
p
liab
ilit
y
p
r
o
v
es
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
esira
b
le
in
h
u
g
e
-
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tr
ac
k
er
s
an
d
co
m
p
lica
ted
g
eo
m
etr
ica
l
f
o
r
m
s
.
C
er
a
m
ics
can
also
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
g
r
an
u
l
ar
lim
i
ts
as
w
el
l
as
s
m
al
l
f
la
w
s
,
u
n
lik
e
s
i
n
g
le
cr
y
s
tals
t
h
at
n
ee
d
to
h
a
v
e
al
m
o
s
t
no
f
la
w
f
o
r
d
esira
b
le
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
i
s
q
u
ali
t
y
less
e
n
s
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
t
r
ict
q
u
alit
y
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
as
w
e
ll
as
r
ej
ec
tab
ilit
y
.
B
ased
on
an
e
ar
lier
s
tu
d
y
,
B
aF
2
-
Ce
is
ca
p
ab
le
of
attai
n
in
g
id
en
tical
s
ci
n
till
ati
n
g
ill
u
m
in
a
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
as
w
el
l
as
s
m
aller
p
o
s
t
g
li
m
m
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
in
g
le
cr
y
s
tals
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
p
r
o
f
icicien
c
y
is
p
r
eser
v
ed
in
s
p
ite
of
th
e
s
m
aller
co
s
t
[
27
].
T
h
e
d
esira
b
le
q
u
alities
of
B
aF
2
-
C
e,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
r
ap
id
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
r
atio
n
as
w
e
ll
as
r
ap
id
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
r
ea
ctio
n
,
can
p
r
o
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
717
-
724
720
h
elp
f
u
l
f
o
r
v
ar
i
ous
g
lo
b
al
f
ie
ld
s
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ed
ici
n
e,
r
ad
iatio
n
d
etec
tio
n
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
etc.
T
h
e
s
w
i
f
t
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
r
ea
ctio
n
as
w
ell
as
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ill
u
m
i
n
atio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
of
B
aF
2
-
Ce
e
n
ab
les
ap
p
licat
io
n
to
r
ad
io
ac
tiv
it
y
s
cin
t
illati
n
g
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
m
ed
icin
al
a
u
s
cla
tio
n
as
w
ell
as
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
w
it
h
t
h
ese
q
u
alities
,
th
e
ce
r
a
m
ic
also
p
r
o
v
es
p
r
o
f
ic
ien
t
in
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
io
n
i
zin
g
r
ad
io
ac
tiv
it
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
m
an
y
p
o
w
er
s
tates,
ap
p
licab
le
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
n
u
clea
r
s
af
e
t
y
,
as
w
e
ll
as
n
atio
n
al
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
li
n
k
b
et
wee
n
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
a
n
d
li
g
h
t
d
i
s
p
er
s
io
n
,
w
ith
Fi
g
u
r
es
1
(
a)
-
(
c)
d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
an
g
u
lar
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
It
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
lig
h
t
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
B
lu
e
lig
h
t
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
m
a
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
w
h
e
n
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
r
ea
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
b
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
is
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
e
d
by
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
w
h
ile
lo
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
lo
r
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
C
C
T
)
is
li
m
ited
.
CCT
is
n
o
t
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
es
2
an
d
3,
h
o
w
e
v
er
th
e
d
o
s
ag
e
of
YG
A
:C
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
i
th
p
ar
ticle
s
ize,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
ar
ticl
e
s
izes
(
1
6
-
20
μ
m
)
,
YG
A
:C
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
r
atio
s
c
h
an
g
e
(
f
r
o
m
ab
o
u
t
2
7
.
2
0
%
to
ab
o
v
e
2
7
.
4
0
%),
as
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
h
o
w
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
d
o
p
in
g
r
ed
u
ce
s
a
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
’
s
C
C
T
v
ar
ian
ce
.
CCT
v
al
u
es
ar
e
h
ig
h
es
t
at
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
es
ab
o
v
e
3050
K
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
of
ar
o
u
n
d
16
μ
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Scatter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
(a
)
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
,
(
b
)
r
e
d
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
,
a
n
d
(
c)
an
g
u
lar
s
c
atter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
p
ar
ticle
s
i
ze
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
il
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
b
r
ig
h
tn
e
s
s
of
w
h
ite
li
g
h
t
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
esu
lts
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
of
16
μ
m
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
w
er
e
o
b
tain
e
d
at
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
of
17
μ
m
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
ea
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
esu
lt
in
less
b
lu
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
d
an
u
n
e
v
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
of
h
u
e
s
.
W
h
e
n
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
m
o
r
e
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
ed
b
lu
e
li
g
h
t,
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
p
ar
ticle
s
izes,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
b
l
u
e
to
y
ello
w
or
o
r
an
g
e
-
r
ed
.
A
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
atin
g
b
e
g
i
n
s
to
e
x
p
an
d
.
B
ec
au
s
e
of
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
r
ef
lect
io
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
li
g
h
t
w
o
u
ld
r
ec
eiv
e
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
o
u
ld
be
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
In
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
a
h
i
g
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
o
s
e
m
a
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
of
co
n
v
er
ted
lig
h
t
t
h
at
is
b
ac
k
-
r
ef
lecte
d
,
w
h
ic
h
r
aises
C
C
T
w
h
ile
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
in
te
n
s
it
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
ad
d
in
g
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
of
16
μm
to
a
s
im
u
lated
W
L
E
D
w
ith
a
lu
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
7
3
.
6
lm
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
b
r
ig
h
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Th
e
imp
a
cts o
f o
p
tica
l d
is
p
la
y
B
a
F
2
-
C
e
ma
teri
a
ls
o
n
s
o
lid
-
s
ta
te
lig
h
tin
g
(
Lu
u
Ho
n
g
Qu
a
n
)
721
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
YGA
:
C
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
v
alu
e
s
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
s
Fig
u
r
e
3.
CCT
v
alu
e
s
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
Fig
u
r
e
4.
C
o
lo
r
d
if
f
er
en
ce
v
al
u
es
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
Fig
u
r
e
5.
L
u
m
i
n
esce
n
ce
s
tr
e
n
g
th
w
ith
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
T
h
e
p
a
r
ticle
s
izes
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
on
th
e
b
r
ig
h
tn
e
s
s
an
d
hue
r
en
d
itio
n
of
w
h
ite
L
E
Ds,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
es
6
an
d
7.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
w
i
th
co
lo
r
r
en
d
itio
n
u
tili
zi
n
g
t
h
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
i
n
d
icato
r
(
C
R
I
)
a
n
d
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
s
ca
le
(
C
Q
S)
r
ev
ea
led
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
l
u
ct
u
at
io
n
as
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
20
μ
m
.
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
d
ec
li
n
es
co
u
ld
be
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
of
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
y
ello
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1
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r
sit
y
of
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
V
ietn
a
m
,
in
1
9
9
8
;
an
M
.
Sc
.
in
P
o
w
e
r
P
lan
t
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
Eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
f
ro
m
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
,
in
2
0
0
9
;
a
n
d
a
Ph
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
of
Do
c
to
r
of
P
h
il
o
so
p
h
y
in
Co
n
tro
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
Ha
n
o
i
Un
iv
e
rsity
of
M
in
in
g
a
n
d
G
e
o
lo
g
y
,
in
2
0
2
3
.
He
is
a
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
at
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
In
d
u
stry
a
n
d
T
ra
d
e
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
C
it
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
c
o
n
tro
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
q
u
a
n
l
h
@h
u
it
.
e
d
u
.
v
n
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
Th
i
Ph
u
o
n
g
Lo
a
n
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Da
Na
n
g
P
ro
v
i
n
c
e
.
In
2
0
0
6
,
sh
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
m
a
st
e
r
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
of
Na
tu
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s.
He
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
st
is
o
p
t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
w
o
rk
e
d
at
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
2,
P
o
sts
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
In
stit
u
te
of
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
.
S
h
e
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
n
tp
l
o
a
n
@p
ti
th
c
m
.
e
d
u
.
v
n
a
n
d
n
g
u
y
e
n
th
ip
h
u
o
n
g
lo
a
n
8
8
9
9
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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