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g
r
ea
ter
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
,
ad
d
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
th
e
R
O
NI
[
5
]
.
T
o
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
eir
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
id
en
tif
y
an
y
alter
atio
n
s
,
m
ed
ical
im
ag
es
ar
e
ex
am
in
ed
wh
ile
th
ey
ar
e
b
ein
g
t
r
an
s
m
itted
[
6
]
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
etr
iev
e
an
d
u
s
e
w
ater
m
ar
k
s
th
at
ar
e
p
ar
t
o
f
R
O
NI
to
id
en
tify
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
[
7
]
.
Mo
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
with
R
OI
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
to
u
s
in
g
R
OI
f
o
r
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
l
o
w
co
n
ten
t
ch
a
n
g
e
th
at
co
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
in
ac
cu
r
ate
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
ev
en
p
atien
t
d
ea
th
[
8
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
ac
cu
r
ately
o
b
tain
th
e
R
OI
,
ev
en
f
o
r
m
in
im
al
tam
p
er
in
g
.
W
ater
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
in
th
is
ar
e
a
is
alwa
y
s
f
o
r
b
id
d
en
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
ce
o
f
R
OI
.
Usu
ally
,
th
e
less
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t
o
f
R
O
NI
co
n
tain
s
th
e
tam
p
er
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
its
.
C
o
n
f
in
ed
in
teg
r
ity
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
its
(
C
I
VR
B
)
w
er
e
cr
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
OI
s
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
tem
to
p
r
eser
v
e
R
OI
in
teg
r
ity
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
in
teg
e
r
wav
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
-
s
in
g
u
la
r
v
alu
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
u
s
ed
to
b
len
d
C
I
VR
B
d
ata
in
to
R
O
NI
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
its
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
in
teg
r
ity
.
L
astl
y
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
3
,
m
etr
ics
li
k
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
tr
u
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
at
e,
an
d
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ate
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
es
s
th
e
in
t
eg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
em
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
is
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
e
m
o
s
t a
d
v
an
ce
d
m
o
d
els in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
f
ea
tu
r
es a
s
o
u
t
lin
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
d
r
iv
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
b
eh
in
d
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
ar
ad
ig
m
,
as
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
s
h
o
ws
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el,
s
ec
tio
n
3
an
aly
s
es
r
elev
an
t
wo
r
k
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
d
etails
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
in
d
ep
th
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
g
iv
es a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
o
u
tco
m
es,
a
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
6
co
n
clu
d
es with
p
o
ten
t
ial
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
.
2.
CO
NT
RI
B
U
T
I
O
N
S AN
D
M
O
T
I
VA
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
SUG
G
E
ST
E
D
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
b
eh
in
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
as:
-
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
m
ed
ical
im
ag
es
s
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
I
o
MT
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
An
d
to
en
a
b
le
s
af
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
in
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
lo
ca
tio
n
s
(
R
O
NI
)
wh
ile
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
tam
p
er
in
g
with
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
co
n
ten
t
(
R
O
I).
-
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
cu
r
ate
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
lo
ca
lized
r
ec
o
v
er
y
u
s
in
g
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
d
ata
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
q
u
ality
.
-
T
o
m
ak
e
MI
W
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
ttack
s
an
d
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
le
-
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
etec
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
as d
escr
ib
ed
:
-
Su
p
er
io
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
R
OI
i
n
s
p
ec
tio
n
an
d
r
etr
iev
al:
t
o
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
id
en
tify
tam
p
er
in
g
an
d
r
esto
r
atio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lo
ca
lized
b
its
(
C
I
VR
B
)
f
o
r
ea
ch
3
×3
n
o
n
-
o
v
e
r
lap
p
in
g
R
OI
b
l
o
ck
.
Hig
h
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
PS
NR
)
v
alu
es
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
m
e
d
ical
im
ag
e
m
o
d
alities
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
etec
ts
tam
p
er
in
g
with
h
ig
h
er
th
an
9
8
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
s
R
OI
s
with
h
ig
h
v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
.
W
e
ca
n
also
ex
p
ec
t b
etter
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
th
is
way
.
-
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
v
is
ib
ilit
y
o
f
R
OI
:
An
y
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
t
o
R
OI
co
u
l
d
lead
to
a
n
in
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
iag
n
o
s
is
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
is
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
av
o
id
th
is
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
u
s
e
R
OI
f
o
r
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
R
O
NI
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
its
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e
an
d
R
O
I
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
eser
v
e
in
teg
r
ity
.
-
E
x
ce
llen
t
r
esil
ien
ce
:
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
i
n
teg
er
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
–
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
I
W
T
-
SVD
)
m
ak
es th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
v
e
r
y
r
esis
tan
t a
g
ain
s
t g
eo
m
etr
ic,
n
o
n
-
g
eo
m
etr
ic,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
attac
k
s
.
3.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
es
o
f
f
er
ed
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
d
ata
-
h
id
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
c
r
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
,
a
n
d
wate
r
m
a
r
k
in
g
,
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
m
ed
ical
im
ag
es
in
I
o
MT
.
B
e
ca
u
s
e
it
s
tr
ea
m
lin
es
im
ag
e
tr
an
s
f
er
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
i
cin
g
cr
itical
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
in
te
g
r
ity
,
au
th
en
ticity
.
MI
W
h
as
g
a
r
n
er
e
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
ter
est
o
f
t
h
ese.
Ov
er
th
e
last
f
i
f
teen
y
ea
r
s
,
r
esea
r
ch
o
n
th
is
MI
W
h
as
m
ad
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
u
tili
zin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
a
n
d
m
ix
ed
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
to
t
h
e
im
ag
e
u
s
in
g
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ain
tech
n
iq
u
es
li
k
e
least
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
it
(
L
SB
)
an
d
p
ix
el
v
alu
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
.
alth
o
u
g
h
it
is
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
to
s
o
m
e
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
attac
k
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
u
tlin
ed
in
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
s
er
tin
g
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
at
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
u
tili
zin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
d
o
m
ain
tech
n
iq
u
es
as
d
ir
ec
t
d
is
cr
ete
wav
elen
g
th
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
)
an
d
d
is
cr
ete
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
i
m
ag
e,
th
ey
also
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
c
o
n
ce
al
th
e
wat
er
m
ar
k
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
7
7
0
-
5
7
8
1
5772
it
is
ea
s
ier
to
co
n
ce
al
th
e
im
ag
e
wh
en
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
is
in
s
er
ted
at
a
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e,
b
u
t
th
is
c
o
m
es
at
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ili
ty
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
DC
T
-
SVD,
DW
T
-
HM
D
-
SVD,
an
d
I
W
T
-
SVD
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
o
o
d
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
th
e
im
ag
e'
s
r
es
il
ien
ce
.
B
u
t
wh
en
it
co
m
es
to
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
,
th
ey
ar
e
in
ad
e
q
u
ate.
L
o
ca
lized
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
th
e
s
ch
em
es
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ev
e
aled
th
at
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
co
u
l
d
b
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate.
Sch
em
es
in
[
1
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ta
m
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
lo
ca
lizatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
h
o
wev
e
r
th
ey
u
s
ed
th
e
en
tire
im
ag
e
to
co
n
tain
tam
p
er
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
its
.
T
h
is
h
as a
n
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
R
OI
'
s
v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
an
d
also
m
o
d
if
ies th
e
R
OI
p
o
r
tio
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew,
it
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
m
an
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
em
b
e
d
d
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
d
at
a
d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
th
e
en
tire
m
ed
ic
al
im
ag
e
o
r
e
v
en
th
e
R
O
I
,
wh
ich
r
is
k
ed
d
e
g
r
ad
in
g
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
q
u
ality
.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
u
s
ed
h
y
b
r
i
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
l
ik
e
DW
T
-
SVD
o
r
D
C
T
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
th
ey
lack
ed
ef
f
icien
t
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
,
p
r
ec
is
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
,
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
e
r
h
ea
d
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
p
o
o
l
o
f
ex
p
e
r
tis
e
b
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
b
lin
d
,
r
e
g
io
n
-
b
ased
MI
W
s
y
s
tem
s
with
in
teg
r
ity
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
W
s
y
s
tem
is
in
s
er
ted
in
th
e
m
ed
ical
im
ag
e'
s
n
o
n
-
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
ec
tio
n
,
k
n
o
wn
as
R
O
NI
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
h
ig
h
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
th
e
R
ONI
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
ical
im
ag
e'
s
wate
r
m
ar
k
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
h
y
b
r
id
I
W
T
-
SVD
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
.
Pri
o
r
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
tac
k
lin
g
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
im
itatio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
4
b
elo
w
also
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
e
h
in
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
ar
ad
ig
m
.
4.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
A
r
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
im
ag
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
I
o
MT
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
,
wh
ic
h
en
s
u
r
es
f
i
d
elity
test
in
g
,
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
ce
al
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
in
clu
d
es
a
test
m
ed
ical
im
ag
e
(
M
img
)
with
s
ize
X
×
Y.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
f
i
v
e
s
tep
s
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
R
O
I
an
d
R
O
NI
s
p
litt
in
g
,
ii
)
c
r
ea
te
C
I
VR
B
b
its
,
iii
)
C
I
VR
B
em
b
ed
d
in
g
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
iv
)
c
o
n
f
in
e
d
in
teg
r
ity
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
4
.
1
.
RO
I
a
nd
RO
NI s
pli
t
t
in
g
Fro
m
th
e
co
v
er
p
ictu
r
e
(
M
img
)
,
th
e
R
OI
an
d
R
ONI
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
ep
ar
ated
.
Par
t
itio
n
in
g
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
h
a
n
d
in
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e.
A
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
o
r
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
r
e
co
r
d
th
e
R
OI
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
m
an
u
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
M
img
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
R
OI
an
d
R
ONI
,
as seen
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
4
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n o
f
CIVRB
b
it
s
T
h
e
C
I
VR
B
b
it
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
d
u
r
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
R
OI
.
An
y
im
ag
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
is
d
etec
ted
u
s
in
g
C
I
VR
B
.
T
h
e
R
OI
i
s
also
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
I
VR
B
if
an
y
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
is
f
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
C
I
VR
B
b
its
g
en
er
atio
n
as,
d
iv
id
e
R
O
I
in
to
T
h
r
ee
-
by
-
th
r
ee
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
b
lo
c
k
s
(
B
)
.
If
th
e
last
b
lo
ck
s
ize
is
n
o
t
3
×3
,
f
ill
th
e
p
ix
el
p
o
s
itio
n
v
alu
es
w
ith
ze
r
o
p
ad
d
in
g
.
T
h
en
ap
p
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
1
o
n
B
to
g
en
er
ate
R
B
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
R
B
g
en
er
atio
n
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
:
B
(
3
×
3
R
O
I
n
o
n
-
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
b
l
o
c
k
)
.
En
s
u
r
e
:
R
B
o
f
s
i
z
e
5
7
b
i
t
s
.
1.
U
se
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
(
1
)
a
n
d
d
i
v
i
d
e
e
a
c
h
p
i
x
e
l
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
B
b
y
8
t
o
r
o
u
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
w
h
o
l
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
a
n
d
st
o
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
a
n
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n
t
o
a
b
l
o
c
k
c
a
l
l
e
d
B
1
.
∑
∑
1
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
,
)
=
∑
∑
(
1
8
)
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
1
)
2.
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
st
v
a
l
u
e
a
m
o
n
g
e
a
c
h
p
i
x
e
l
i
n
B
1
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
2
)
.
=
(
∑
∑
1
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
,
)
)
(
2
)
w
h
e
r
e
L
i
s t
h
e
ma
x
i
ma
l
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
B
1
3.
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
L
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
i
x
e
l
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n
B
1
,
t
h
e
n
u
se
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
3
)
t
o
st
o
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
c
e
l
l
s
o
f
B
2
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
i
r
st
c
e
l
l
o
f
B
2
a
s L
.
∑
∑
2
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
,
)
=
−
∑
∑
1
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
,
)
(
3
)
4.
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
a
c
h
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
B
2
i
n
t
o
b
i
n
a
r
y
f
o
r
mat
(
t
a
k
e
n
e
a
c
h
c
e
l
l
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
3
b
i
t
s
e
x
c
e
p
t
f
i
r
st
c
e
l
l
.
F
i
l
l
t
h
e
f
i
r
st
c
e
l
l
i
.
e
.
B
2
(
1
,
1
)
w
i
t
h
6
b
i
n
a
r
y
b
i
t
s a
n
d
s
t
o
r
e
t
h
e
mi
n
t
o
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
B
3
.
5.
U
si
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
(
4
)
,
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
o
8
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
B
's
p
i
x
e
l
s
.
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
a
n
t
v
a
l
u
e
s i
n
t
o
a
b
l
o
c
k
c
a
l
l
e
d
B
4
.
∑
∑
4
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
,
)
=
∑
∑
(
(
,
)
,
8
)
3
=
1
3
=
1
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
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n
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r
ity
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tio
n
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f m
ed
ica
l ima
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es in
in
tern
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in
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(
K
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6.
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
a
c
h
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
B
4
i
n
t
o
b
i
n
a
r
y
f
o
r
mat
(
t
a
k
e
n
e
a
c
h
c
e
l
l
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
3
b
i
t
s)
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
e
t
h
e
mi
n
t
o
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
s B
5
.
7.
C
o
n
c
a
t
e
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
B
3
a
n
d
B
5
b
i
n
a
r
y
v
a
l
u
e
s
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
i
n
(
5
)
c
e
l
l
b
y
c
e
l
l
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
a
d
d
t
h
e
mi
n
i
m
u
m
t
o
t
h
e
R
B
(
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
b
i
t
s)
v
e
c
t
o
r
.
T
h
u
s,
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
R
B
w
i
l
l
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
5
7
b
i
t
s f
o
r
a
c
h
o
s
e
n
B
.
=
3
|
|
5
(
5
)
w
h
e
r
e
|
|
i
s t
h
e
c
o
n
c
a
t
e
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
mb
o
l
.
R
ep
ea
t
th
e
s
tep
s
f
r
o
m
(
1
)
to
(
7
)
in
alg
o
r
ith
m
1
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
3
×3
R
O
I
b
lo
ck
to
g
en
er
ate
5
7
R
B
b
it
s
an
d
th
en
co
n
ca
ten
ate
t
o
g
et
C
I
VR
B
v
ec
to
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
(
6
)
.
=
1
‖
2
‖
…
‖
(
6
)
w
h
e
r
e
|
|
is
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
a
te
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
ig
n
a
n
d
N
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
R
O
I
b
l
o
c
k
s
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
C
I
V
R
B
v
e
c
t
o
r
c
o
n
t
ai
n
s
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
a
n
d
R
O
I
t
a
m
p
e
r
d
e
te
ct
i
o
n
d
a
t
a
.
B
l
o
c
k
B
'
s
R
B
g
e
n
e
r
at
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
a
ll
y
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
a)
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
em
b
ed
d
in
g
an
d
(
b
)
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
R
B
f
o
r
th
e
3
×
3
R
OI
b
lo
ck
4
.
3
.
CIVRB
em
bedd
ing
a
nd
ex
t
ra
ct
i
o
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
th
e
R
OO
NI
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
M
img
f
o
r
C
I
VR
B
em
b
ed
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
em
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
in
teg
e
r
wav
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
I
W
T
)
p
lace
s
a
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
th
e
tar
g
eted
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
(
L
L
,
L
H,
HL
,
an
d
H
H)
to
attain
h
ig
h
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
I
W
T
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
with
th
e
HL
wer
e
c
h
o
s
en
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
tr
ik
e
a
b
ala
n
ce
b
etwe
en
co
n
ce
alm
en
t
a
n
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
I
W
T
is
p
er
f
ec
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
v
is
u
al
s
y
s
tem
(
HVS)
wh
en
t
h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
b
en
ef
it
o
f
SVD
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
its
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
u
n
iq
u
e
v
a
lu
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
ev
e
n
with
m
in
i
m
al
im
ag
e
c
h
an
g
es.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ei
n
g
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
d
iv
id
es
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
o
n
e
l
ev
el
I
W
T
o
n
R
O
NI
in
t
o
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
.
T
o
th
e
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
HL
,
SVD
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
,
tak
in
g
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
ag
ain
s
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
im
ag
e
attac
k
s
.
is
f
u
r
th
er
b
r
o
k
e
n
d
o
w
n
in
to
th
r
ee
s
u
b
m
atr
ices:
V
HL
,
S
HL
,
an
d
U
HL
.
SVD
an
d
I
W
T
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
r
ea
t
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
im
p
e
r
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
u
la
r
m
at
r
ices
S
HL
in
clu
d
e
th
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
b
its
C
I
V
R
B
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
R
OI
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
2
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
es
ca
n
o
n
ly
b
e
s
lig
h
tly
alter
ed
in
th
e
ev
en
t o
f
v
is
u
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
is
im
m
u
n
e
to
m
ir
r
o
r
,
zo
o
m
,
a
n
d
t
r
an
s
latio
n
attac
k
s
.
S
HL
e
m
b
ed
s
th
e
C
I
VR
B
b
its
b
ec
au
s
e
s
in
g
u
lar
m
atr
ices
t
y
p
ically
p
r
o
v
id
e
less
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ictu
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ch
o
s
en
S
H
L
m
at
r
ix
is
s
p
lit
in
to
4
×
4
non
-
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
b
lo
c
k
s
(
B
HL
)
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
w
ater
m
ar
k
s
ar
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
d
iag
o
n
ally
p
o
s
itio
n
s
u
s
in
g
an
u
n
p
r
e
d
ictab
le
s
ca
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
t)
,
wh
ic
h
is
also
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
o
o
s
tin
g
v
ar
iab
le.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
i
n
v
er
s
e
SVD
an
d
in
v
er
s
e
I
W
T
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
f
in
al
wate
r
m
ar
k
ed
R
O
NI
(
R
O
NI
′).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
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I
n
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lec
&
C
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g
,
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l.
15
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No
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6
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b
e
r
20
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u
r
e
2
(
a
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
th
e
C
I
VR
B
b
its
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
lo
ca
lized
tam
p
e
r
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
a
3
×
3
b
lo
c
k
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
atio
n
(
7
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
=
′
(
,
)
−
(
.
)
/
(
7
)
wh
er
e
“
t
”,
B
LH
,
an
d
B
HL
ar
e
4
×
4
n
o
n
-
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
ch
u
n
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
S
LH
an
d
S
HL
,
an
d
w
h
er
e
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
an
d
4
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
4
,
C
I
VR
B
e
b
its
m
ak
e
it
ea
s
ier
to
id
en
tif
y
im
ag
e
i
n
teg
r
ity
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
an
d
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ity
o
f
R
OI
.
B
ec
au
s
e
it
en
ab
les
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
to
b
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
with
o
u
t
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
co
v
er
im
ag
e
,
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
k
n
o
wn
as b
lin
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ov
e
r
v
iew
o
f
(
a)
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
am
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ti
o
n
an
d
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
an
d
(
b
)
tam
p
er
r
ec
o
v
er
y
o
f
3
×3
c
h
ec
k
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
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8
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I
n
teg
r
ity
ve
r
ifica
tio
n
o
f m
ed
ica
l ima
g
es in
in
tern
et
o
f m
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ca
l th
in
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fo
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…
(
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yo
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s
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a
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4
.
4
.
Co
nfined int
eg
rit
y
v
er
if
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
r
e
ci
p
ie
n
t
m
u
s
t
co
n
f
i
r
m
t
h
e
R
O
I
i
n
t
e
g
r
it
y
af
t
e
r
C
I
VR
B
h
as
b
e
en
e
x
t
r
a
cte
d
.
Al
g
o
r
it
h
m
2
d
es
c
r
i
b
es
th
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
i
c
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
ta
m
p
e
r
d
ete
cti
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
v
er
y
t
o
v
e
r
i
f
y
R
OI
i
n
t
eg
r
i
ty
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
d
esc
r
i
b
e
d
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
4
.
2
is
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
r
e
a
te
R
e
c
o
v
er
y
b
its
(
R
B
′)
f
o
r
th
e
R
O
I
′.
T
o
id
e
n
ti
f
y
t
am
p
e
r
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
a
cte
d
R
B
(
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
C
I
VR
B
)
a
n
d
th
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
d
R
B
′
a
r
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
R
O
I
is
u
n
alt
er
ed
i
f
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
t
h
e
s
am
e
.
A
l
o
ca
l
ize
d
ta
m
p
e
r
r
es
t
o
r
ati
o
n
s
te
p
is
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
i
f
b
o
t
h
ar
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
at
t
h
e
R
OI
h
as
b
e
en
t
am
p
e
r
e
d
wi
th
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
i
ll
u
s
tr
at
es t
h
e
l
o
ca
l
ize
d
ta
m
p
e
r
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
a
3
×3
b
l
o
c
k
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
2
.
R
OI
in
teg
r
ity
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
:
R
O
I
′
,
C
I
V
R
B
e
.
En
s
u
r
e
:
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
R
O
I
(
R
O
I
r
)
1.
S
p
l
i
t
t
h
e
R
O
I
′
i
n
t
o
n
o
n
-
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
3
×
3
b
l
o
c
k
s
(
B
′
)
.
2.
U
si
n
g
t
h
e
R
B
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
d
e
scri
b
e
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
.
2
,
c
r
e
a
t
e
R
B
′
(
5
7
b
i
t
s)
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
B
′
.
3.
Ex
t
r
a
c
t
a
5
7
-
b
i
t
v
e
c
t
o
r
,
sa
y
R
B
,
f
r
o
m
C
I
V
R
B
e
.
4.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
e
R
B
a
n
d
R
B
′
.
T
h
e
a
c
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
i
n
g
B
′
i
s
n
o
t
t
a
m
p
e
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
f
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
e
q
u
a
l
;
i
f
n
o
t
,
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
i
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
e
d
.
5.
M
o
v
e
t
o
s
t
e
p
8
i
f
t
h
e
B
′
i
s
u
n
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
;
i
f
n
o
t
,
mo
v
e
t
o
s
t
e
p
6
.
6.
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
m a
l
l
5
7
b
i
t
s
o
f
R
B
i
n
t
o
3
×
3
(
R
B
3
×
3
)
c
e
l
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y
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n
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t
R
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×
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c
e
l
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se
t
h
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f
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l
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w
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p
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u
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s
t
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r
e
a
t
e
B
f
r
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m
R
B
3
×
3
:
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n
sert
t
h
e
f
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st
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b
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f
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n
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t
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a
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o
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f
r
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m R
B
(
3
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)
.
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o
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v
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′
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t
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R
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r
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E
XP
E
R
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M
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A
L
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T
S
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O
N
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h
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ar
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s
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ter
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r
ity
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ess
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im
u
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Sin
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f
o
r
m
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,
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eir
r
e
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I
t
m
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s
t
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e
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s
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h
e
NC
,
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r
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n
u
s
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in
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
is
d
is
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lay
ed
.
T
h
e
N
C
an
d
B
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R
o
f
th
e
im
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n
F
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r
e
1
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f
0
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r
e
s
h
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wn
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T
ab
le
1
.
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o
lo
r
an
d
g
r
ay
s
ca
le
v
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s
u
als ar
e
alm
o
s
t id
en
tical
in
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th
s
itu
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n
s
.
r
ath
er
th
an
B
E
R
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ch
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g
its
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h
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av
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o
f
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9
9
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R
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s
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0
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f
o
r
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o
th
c
o
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le
p
h
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s
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
es
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at
th
e
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d
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f
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g
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y
s
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le
im
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ar
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m
in
im
ally
.
T
h
e
en
v
is
io
n
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tech
n
iq
u
e'
s
r
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ce
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er
f
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m
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f
u
r
th
e
r
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i
n
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t
h
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e
o
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s
in
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ts
.
Fo
r
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s
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o
f
p
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n
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T
ab
le
2
u
s
es
MRI,
X
-
r
ay
,
s
k
in
,
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d
r
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im
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es
to
s
h
o
w
NC
an
d
B
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R
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n
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er
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k
in
g
.
Sh
ea
r
attac
k
s
,
r
o
tatio
n
,
cr
o
p
p
in
g
,
Po
is
s
o
n
n
o
is
e
(
PN)
,
g
a
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
GN)
,
s
alt
an
d
p
e
p
p
er
n
o
is
e
(
SP
)
,
an
d
s
p
ec
k
le
n
o
is
e
(
SK)
.
Fo
r
wate
r
m
ar
k
ed
MRI,
X
-
r
ay
,
s
k
in
,
an
d
r
etin
al
im
ag
es,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
ilter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
:
g
a
u
s
s
ian
f
ilter
(
GF)
,
m
ed
ia
n
f
il
ter
(
MF)
,
W
ein
er
f
ilter
(
W
F),
B
u
tter
wo
r
th
f
ilter
(
B
W
)
,
s
h
ar
p
en
in
g
,
h
is
to
g
r
am
eq
u
iv
alen
t (
HE
)
,
a
n
d
J
PEG
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
NC
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
0
.
9
6
an
d
B
E
R
less
th
an
0
.
1
9
f
o
r
all
f
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
im
a
g
es
wh
i
le
with
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
f
ilter
in
g
attac
k
s
(
GF,
W
F,
B
F,
an
d
Sh
ar
p
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
MF,
HE
ass
au
lts
d
is
p
lay
s
NC
an
d
B
E
R
v
alu
es
ab
o
v
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
.
J
PEG
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
m
e
d
ical
p
h
o
to
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
J
PEG
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
attac
k
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e'
s
NC
is
ab
o
v
e
0
.
9
9
an
d
its
B
E
R
is
b
elo
w
0
.
0
9
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
NC
ab
o
v
e
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
d
u
e
to
n
o
i
s
e
an
d
g
eo
m
etr
ical
attac
k
s
lik
e
SP
,
SK,
GN,
a
n
d
PN.
T
h
e
B
E
R
is
less
th
an
th
e
cu
to
f
f
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
f
ac
t
lead
s
to
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
r
esis
tan
t
to
m
o
s
t
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
NC
an
d
B
E
R
f
o
r
3
0
clin
ical
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
es
ar
e
also
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
NC
an
d
B
E
R
o
f
ev
er
y
p
ictu
r
e
ar
e
f
air
ly
n
ea
r
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
lev
els,
as
T
ab
le
1
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
is
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
th
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
r
esis
tan
t
to
m
o
s
t a
ttack
s
.
5
.
3
.
I
nte
g
rit
y
t
est
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
m
ed
ical
im
a
g
es
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
d
iag
n
o
s
is
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
lo
o
k
s
o
v
er
h
o
w
g
o
o
d
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
at
d
etec
tin
g
a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
e
r
i
n
g
tam
p
er
in
g
.
T
r
u
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ate
(
T
PR
)
,
Fals
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ate
(
FP
R
)
,
Acc
u
r
ac
y
,
an
d
PS
NR
h
av
e
all
b
ee
n
u
s
e
d
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
ch
em
e
to
ass
es
s
h
o
w
well
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
etec
ts
an
d
r
ec
o
v
e
r
s
tam
p
er
in
g
.
T
h
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
p
u
s
h
ed
f
o
r
T
PR
,
FP
R
,
an
d
Acc
u
r
ac
y
f
o
r
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
is
s
h
o
wn
in
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t,
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
d
im
ag
e’
s
alter
ed
r
eg
i
o
n
(
with
e
r
ase
o
r
co
p
y
-
p
aste o
p
er
atio
n
s
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
ab
le
3
d
is
p
lay
s
T
P
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tam
p
er
e
d
p
i
x
els),
T
N
(
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
m
o
d
if
ied
p
ix
els
th
at
wer
e
in
co
r
r
ec
tly
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
tam
p
er
ed
)
,
FP
(
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tam
p
er
ed
p
ix
els
th
at
wer
e
in
c
o
r
r
ec
tly
ass
ess
ed
a
s
u
n
m
o
d
i
f
ied
)
,
FN
(
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tam
p
er
ed
p
ix
els
th
at
wer
e
in
co
r
r
ec
tly
ass
ess
ed
as
u
n
m
o
d
if
ied
)
,
an
d
th
e
T
PR
,
FP
R
,
an
d
Acc
u
r
ac
y
d
er
iv
ed
.
T
h
e
T
PR
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
8
0
%,
an
d
t
h
e
FP
R
is
less
th
an
0
.
3
1
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
tam
p
er
lo
ca
lizatio
n
an
d
g
o
o
d
r
esis
tan
ce
ag
ain
s
t
m
u
ltip
le
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
9
8
.
3
0
%
r
eliab
le
f
o
r
all
s
p
e
cif
ied
im
ag
es,
an
d
PS
NR
v
alu
es
f
o
r
all
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
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I
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in
tern
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yo
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Dev
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d
wate
r
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ar
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e
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im
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ly
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icatin
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Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
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is
p
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th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
wate
r
m
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r
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aste
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p
e
r
ed
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ag
es
(
a
-
b
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ase
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p
e
r
ed
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e
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ite
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h
e
s
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g
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ested
ap
p
r
o
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h
is
s
u
cc
ess
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u
l
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tify
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
er
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g
m
a
n
ip
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lated
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ata
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u
r
in
g
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ase,
c
o
p
y
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p
aste
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
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as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
an
d
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Fo
r
MRI,
X
-
r
ay
,
s
k
in
,
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d
r
etin
al
e
x
am
m
e
d
ical
im
ag
es with
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ar
io
u
s
m
o
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alities
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tain
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f
r
o
m
OPEN
i
[
2
1
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OASI
S
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2
2
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NC
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E
R
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n
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er
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o
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s
attac
k
s
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A
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R
I
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i
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o
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m
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NC
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ates.
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tco
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ig
h
lig
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t th
at
th
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p
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p
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s
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r
m
a
r
k
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ls
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lik
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k
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wate
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tio
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tech
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ically
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h
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f
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f
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alities
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f
f
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tr
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o
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en
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ed
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d
ata
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co
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v
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5
.
5
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
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s
t
ud
y
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
with
s
im
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co
u
n
ter
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
is
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
o
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Als
h
an
b
a
r
i
[
2
3
]
,
Z
er
m
i
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
,
a
n
d
So
u
alm
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
.
Als
h
an
b
ar
i
[
2
3
]
p
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p
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s
es
a
r
eg
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-
b
ased
m
u
ltip
le
wate
r
m
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k
in
g
s
tr
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o
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th
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DW
T
+
SVD
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ec
o
v
er
s
R
OI
in
teg
r
ity
u
s
in
g
L
em
p
el
-
Z
iv
-
W
elch
(
L
Z
W
)
,
a
n
d
tam
p
er
d
etec
tio
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
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o
f
a
6
4
-
b
it
h
ash
co
d
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u
s
in
g
SHA
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2
5
6
.
Z
er
m
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et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
o
f
f
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h
y
b
r
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d
DW
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+SVD
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
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tem
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
p
h
o
to
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
elia
b
le
tr
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s
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.
On
th
e
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th
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d
,
L
Z
W
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m
p
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ess
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n
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tr
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y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
3
]
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
R
OI
in
teg
r
ity
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
o
v
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d
s
an
d
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
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m
p
u
tatio
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co
s
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ap
p
ly
in
g
c
o
m
p
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n
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
s
u
g
g
ests
a
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ch
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tib
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r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
to
co
m
p
ar
ativ
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s
ch
em
es
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
o
n
two
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
ed
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i
m
ag
e
m
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d
alities
(
X
-
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a
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n
d
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Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
d
ep
ict
th
e
PS
NR
an
d
NC
u
n
d
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ze
r
o
ass
au
lts
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th
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p
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s
ed
s
ch
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e
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d
s
ch
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es
in
r
elatio
n
to
C
T
an
d
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
es.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
tr
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p
r
esen
te
d
in
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
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,
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
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b
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s
h
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w
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at
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e
p
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p
o
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ed
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iq
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s
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r
o
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NC
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2
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2
5
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3
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ates
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tially
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ies
[
2
3
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–
[
2
5
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.
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
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ter
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a)
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ar
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n
a
n
d
(
b
)
NC
(
co
n
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e
5
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