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a
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ies
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K
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w
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r
d
s
:
6
G
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
Op
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
R
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
er
y
R
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
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d
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CC B
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C
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)
ap
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licatio
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ex
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a
n
d
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iety
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w
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ea
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co
m
m
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5
th
g
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5
G)
m
o
b
ile
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
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s
as
p
er
[
1
]
.
Netwo
r
k
r
eso
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r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
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is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
s
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cc
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l
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m
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o
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d
g
en
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atio
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(
2
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to
f
if
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h
g
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n
er
atio
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5
G)
.
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wev
er
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th
er
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ar
e
n
o
t e
n
o
u
g
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
av
ailab
le
an
d
wir
e
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ar
e
g
ettin
g
clo
s
e
to
Sh
an
n
o
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
at
io
n
(
6
G)
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o
m
m
u
n
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n
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
r
ea
ch
th
an
th
e
5
G
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
[
2
]
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
in
te
g
r
ated
s
atellite,
th
e
ea
r
th
,
th
e
s
k
y
,
an
d
th
e
o
ce
an
.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t
n
o
v
el
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Q
o
S)
in
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
k
ey
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
is
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ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
in
teg
r
ates d
iv
er
s
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
a
n
d
s
en
s
o
r
d
e
v
ices
to
en
ab
le
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
eo
p
le,
o
b
jects,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
er
y
at
a
n
y
tim
e
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
was
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
6
]
.
Ma
s
s
iv
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
h
a
v
e
b
ee
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g
e
n
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ated
b
y
th
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
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o
f
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
[
7
]
,
y
et
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
b
r
ea
c
h
es
is
r
is
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g
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
m
u
lti
-
u
s
e
r
d
ata
co
n
n
ec
tio
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
ev
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al
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ata
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
h
av
e
co
m
e
to
lig
h
t
[
8
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
ar
tific
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in
tellig
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ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2088
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8
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6
G
in
tern
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o
f th
in
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s
n
etw
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r
ks fo
r
r
emo
te
lo
ca
tio
n
…
(
Md
A
s
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5969
(
AI
)
–
en
a
b
led
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
u
s
ed
to
e
n
h
an
ce
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
in
6
G
s
y
s
tem
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
s
itu
atio
n
s
ex
is
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectin
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p
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:
g
ath
e
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in
g
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s
h
ar
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d
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s
in
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ata.
T
h
e
I
o
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s
'
s
en
s
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g
n
o
d
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ar
e
ex
tr
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ely
s
u
s
ce
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le
to
en
em
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attac
k
s
in
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d
ata
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itu
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.
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h
e
en
em
y
ca
n
ac
q
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ir
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f
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leg
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h
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o
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th
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lo
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m
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tech
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iq
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r
eso
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o
p
tim
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o
r
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ter
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f
th
i
n
g
s
c
o
m
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s
.
First,
we
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ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
ev
er
al
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
6
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
'
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Nex
t,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ix
im
p
o
r
tan
t
m
etr
ics
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
in
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
6
G
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate,
laten
cy
,
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
(
E
E
)
,
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
SE)
,
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Her
e,
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
a
r
e
g
o
in
g
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
er
y
as
an
a
p
p
licatio
n
with
6
G
en
ab
led
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Her
e,
we
will
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ad
v
an
tag
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
6
G
e
n
ab
led
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
r
eso
lv
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
R
L
S.
T
h
e
s
u
r
g
eo
n
s
o
r
p
atien
ts
wh
o
a
r
e
p
r
esen
t
at
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
h
av
e
n
o
ac
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
r
s
u
r
g
er
y
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
lled
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
e
r
y
wh
ich
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
tr
ea
tm
en
t
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
(
e
.
g
.
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
wea
r
ab
les)
g
ath
e
r
cr
iti
ca
l
p
atien
t
d
ata
s
u
ch
as
v
itals
(
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
b
lo
o
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
)
a
n
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
(
o
p
er
atin
g
r
o
o
m
co
n
d
itio
n
s
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
with
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
r
em
o
te
s
u
r
g
er
y
is
,
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
at
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
o
b
o
ts
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
es
h
er
e
will
wo
r
k
s
at
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
,
s
o
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
o
cto
r
p
r
esen
t
at
a
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
v
er
y
f
ast
s
u
ch
th
at
n
o
er
r
o
r
s
will
tak
es
p
lace
.
T
ill
5
G,
n
etwo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
th
at
was
d
ec
en
t
b
u
t
lack
s
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
m
ea
n
s
f
o
r
lo
n
g
er
d
u
r
atio
n
s
.
So
,
h
e
r
e
th
ese
c
h
allen
g
es
will
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
with
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
6
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ty
p
ic
ally
h
av
in
g
a
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
tr
an
s
f
er
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
,
h
er
e
,
we’
v
e
u
s
ed
T
er
ah
e
r
tz
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
wh
ich
lies
in
th
e
T
er
ah
er
t
z
(
1
0
0
to
1
0
0
0
0
GHz
)
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
w
h
ich
ac
tu
ally
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ates.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
ity
will
b
e
h
an
d
led
b
y
6
G
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
lik
e
AE
S 1
2
8
wh
ic
h
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t th
an
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
o
n
es.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
Qo
S
i
n
h
i
g
h
-
d
em
a
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
a
d
ap
ti
v
e
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
allo
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial.
C
y
b
er
T
win
-
b
ased
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
an
ag
i
n
g
t
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
b
y
allo
win
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
6
G
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
0
]
.
Su
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
a
d
v
an
ce
d
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es
with
class
ical
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
f
s
ix
d
is
tin
ct
in
d
icat
o
r
s
in
5
G
an
d
6
G
I
o
T
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
ix
in
d
icato
r
s
is
ex
am
in
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
p
o
te
n
tial
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
,
an
d
t
h
e
ar
ticle'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
th
e
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
is
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
is
s
u
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
lim
ited
wir
eless
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
'
h
ig
h
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
u
n
r
eliab
le
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
len
g
th
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
laten
cy
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
ta
k
en
ca
r
e
o
f
in
o
r
d
er
to
ass
es
s
an
d
en
h
an
ce
I
o
T
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
6
G
wo
r
k
.
I
n
6
G
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
n
ec
ess
itates
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
cr
itical
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
item
s
ar
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
e
laten
cy
,
co
v
er
a
g
e,
SE,
an
d
E
E
.
2
.
1
.
L
a
t
ency
I
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
I
o
T
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
e
ar
e
h
ig
h
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ab
ilit
y
t
o
m
ee
t
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
laten
cy
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
elay
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
c
h
an
g
es
i
n
ch
an
n
el
a
n
d
T
ask
ar
r
iv
al
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
ch
allen
g
es
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
a
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
Ma
r
k
o
v
Dec
is
io
n
Pro
ce
s
s
(
C
MD
P)
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
in
im
ize
laten
cy
.
2
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
ef
f
iciency
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
q
u
ick
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
wir
eless
d
ata
an
d
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
in
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
E
E
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
th
ese
n
etwo
r
k
s
'
I
o
T
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
im
p
er
ativ
e.
Fo
r
UAVs
in
th
e
s
atellite
-
ae
r
ial
-
ter
r
estrial
n
etwo
r
k
(
SATN
)
,
S
am
i
et
al
.
[
1
2
]
c
r
ea
ted
t
h
e
to
t
al
p
o
wer
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
c
h
em
e
(
T
PC
-
B
F)
an
d
th
e
p
er
-
an
ten
n
a
p
o
wer
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
(
PP
C
-
B
F)
s
ch
em
e
to
m
ax
im
ize
E
E
with
m
in
im
al
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
9
6
8
-
5
9
7
7
5970
2
.
3
.
Sp
ec
t
rum
e
f
f
iciency
SE
s
ee
k
s
to
m
in
im
ize
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
wh
ile
m
ax
im
izin
g
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
u
tili
ty
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
SE
in
[
1
3
]
.
Ma
n
y
S
E
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
esear
ch
e
d
r
ec
en
tly
.
I
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
a
W
eig
h
ted
Hu
f
f
m
an
T
r
ee
(
W
HT
)
m
eth
o
d
in
co
g
n
itiv
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
g
iv
e
a
jo
in
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
t
h
at
tak
es
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
u
s
ag
e
an
d
s
en
s
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
MA
C
-
lay
er
s
en
s
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
in
,
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
en
s
i
n
g
-
b
ased
SE
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
n
o
tab
ly
i
d
en
tifie
d
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
o
f
SE
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
5
G
an
d
6
G
I
o
T
n
e
two
r
k
s
.
2
.
4
.
B
a
nd
width
Ma
n
o
g
ar
an
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
d
ee
p
Q
-
n
etwo
r
k
(
DQN
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
B
A
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
in
SDN,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
DR
L
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
B
an
d
wid
th
was
a
m
ajo
r
c
o
n
ce
r
n
wh
en
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
an
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
6
G.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
d
ata
r
ate
all
d
ir
ec
tly
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
b
an
d
wid
th
,
i
f
we
u
tili
ze
th
e
b
a
n
d
wid
th
at
a
h
ig
h
er
r
ate,
th
en
,
th
ese
will a
ctu
ally
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
2
.
5
.
Ra
t
e
I
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
I
o
T
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
d
em
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
r
ates
with
lo
n
g
-
d
is
tan
ce
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
ata
r
ate
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
6
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
'
to
p
p
r
i
o
r
ities
.
Z
h
o
u
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
d
escr
ib
e
d
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
wa
r
d
(
DF)
r
elay
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
wir
eless
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
(
SW
I
PT)
b
ased
o
n
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
x
in
g
(
OFDM)
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
in
tellig
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
(
R
I
S)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
was
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
p
ac
e
o
f
UAV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
6
.
J
o
int
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n str
a
t
eg
ies
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
5
G
an
d
6
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
s
u
es
f
o
r
d
ev
ices
wi
th
lim
ited
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
5
G
an
d
6
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
2
.
7
.
L
a
t
ency
I
n
5
G
a
n
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
la
cin
g
to
o
m
u
c
h
em
p
h
asis
o
n
laten
cy
co
u
l
d
ca
u
s
e
o
th
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
to
d
ec
lin
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
is
p
lay
s
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
la
ten
cy
-
r
elate
d
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
illu
s
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
jo
in
t o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
r
ad
eo
f
f
am
o
n
g
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
s
2
.
8
.
L
a
t
ency
-
ener
g
y
ef
f
iciency
Z
h
an
g
et
al
.
[
1
6
]
lo
o
k
ed
at
th
e
E
E
o
p
t
im
iz
at
io
n
p
r
o
b
l
em
o
f
I
o
T
n
et
wo
r
k
s
in
a
m
ar
in
e
s
et
tin
g
w
ith
h
ig
h
tr
af
f
ic
a
n
d
co
n
s
t
r
a
in
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
s
u
g
g
es
ted
a
m
u
l
t
i
-
u
s
er
m
u
l
t
i
-
t
a
s
k
co
m
p
u
ta
t
io
n
o
f
f
lo
a
d
in
g
ar
ch
i
te
ct
u
r
e
in
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
E
E
f
o
r
ME
N
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
la
ten
c
y
o
f
I
o
T
n
et
wo
r
k
s
.
2
.
9
.
L
a
t
ency
-
ba
nd
width
re
li
a
bil
it
y
ra
t
e
Z
h
en
g
et
al
.
[
1
7
]
cr
ea
ted
an
Op
er
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
im
e
-
v
ar
y
in
g
ex
p
an
d
er
g
r
ap
h
s
th
a
t
m
ee
t
lo
w
la
te
n
cy
an
d
h
ig
h
b
an
d
w
id
th
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
a
r
eq
u
es
t
al
lo
c
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
b
a
s
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o
n
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L
C
wer
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co
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b
y
th
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a
u
th
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r
s
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h
e
la
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y
an
d
r
el
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eq
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ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
en
d
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to
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d
co
m
m
u
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ca
tio
n
ar
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e
t
b
y
th
e
em
u
la
t
io
n
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
ta
lk
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
an
en
er
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y
-
co
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s
ta
s
k
o
p
t
im
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t
io
n
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p
r
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f
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in
tel
l
ig
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tr
an
s
p
o
r
ta
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s
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I
T
S
)
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th
e
U
R
L
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g
e
co
m
p
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t
in
g
s
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k
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e
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ar
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ah
ea
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in
t
er
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g
en
er
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io
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ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wa
s
u
s
ed
in
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
r
a
t
e
m
a
tc
h
in
g
an
d
lo
we
r
th
e
5
G
n
ew
r
ad
io
(
N
R
)
s
y
s
t
em
's
o
v
er
a
ll
la
ten
c
y
.
T
h
e
la
ten
cy
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
NO
MA
u
s
er
s
wi
th
a
l
in
k
-
lay
er
r
a
te
m
ax
i
m
u
m
i
s
ex
am
in
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
2
.
1
0
.
E
nerg
y
a
nd
s
pect
rum
ef
f
iciency
I
f
E
E
i
s
g
iv
en
e
x
c
lu
s
iv
e
p
r
i
o
r
ity
,
o
th
er
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
et
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
et
r
i
cs
m
ay
s
u
f
f
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
i
s
p
lay
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
E
E
-
r
e
la
ted
m
etr
ic
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ex
am
p
l
es
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
L
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
u
s
ed
co
-
o
p
er
at
iv
e
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
s
en
s
in
g
(
C
S
S)
f
o
r
C
R
n
et
wo
r
k
s
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
wir
el
e
s
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e
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E
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d
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E
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u
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E
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m
m
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at
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e
t
wo
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th
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d
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r
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I
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n
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G
an
d
6
G.
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tem
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i
n
c
l
u
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ed
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th
i
s
s
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tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
iv
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a
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t
ic
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s
ex
am
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eth
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E
E
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ite
d
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ce
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t
ain
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k
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i
t
u
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
l
em
is
ad
d
r
es
s
ed
in
Pap
e
r
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
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e
l
y
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y
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s
i
n
g
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ar
s
e
R
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as
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s
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ed
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F
MI
M
O
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
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ix
ed
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in
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er
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o
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li
n
ea
r
p
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a
m
m
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(
MI
N
L
P
)
,
C
S
S,
u
ti
l
ity
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
l
at
io
n
,
an
d
3
D
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
l
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
r
ad
eo
f
f
am
o
n
g
k
ey
I
n
d
icato
r
s
2
.
1
1
.
E
nerg
y
a
nd
s
pect
rum
ef
f
iciency
ra
t
es
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
ass
ess
ed
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
,
d
ata
r
ate,
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
in
teg
r
at
ed
5
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
v
al
id
ate
th
at
th
e
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
en
h
an
ce
s
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
ad
a
p
tiv
e
d
ata
r
a
te
in
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
was
o
v
er
l
o
o
k
e
d
,
n
e
v
er
th
eless
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
b
it
r
ate
in
a
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
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tem
,
th
ey
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
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m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
2
.
1
2
.
B
a
nd
width
I
f
b
an
d
wid
t
h
is
g
iv
en
to
o
m
u
ch
weig
h
t,
it
m
ay
ec
lip
s
e
o
th
er
in
d
icato
r
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
ty
m
ay
r
e
s
u
lt
in
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates
an
d
u
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
.
T
h
at
is
,
o
p
tim
al
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ate,
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
th
ef
f
icien
cy
a
r
e
n
o
t
all
av
ailab
le
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e.
2
.
1
3
.
E
nerg
y
ef
f
iciency
-
ba
n
dwid
t
h
T
h
e
jo
in
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
Z
ig
B
ee
-
b
ased
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
SNs
)
an
d
lo
ca
l
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
L
ANs)
with
b
an
d
wid
th
o
p
tim
izatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ie
d
in
[
1
9
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
d
en
s
e
I
o
T
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
wid
e
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
L
PW
ANs)
wa
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
Par
k
et
a
l.
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
C
h
o
ir
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
ich
r
eso
lv
es
s
ig
n
al
co
llis
io
n
s
,
m
ig
h
t
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lo
w
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
g
o
o
d
d
ep
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
w
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
to
ch
asti
c
s
ig
n
als
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
llid
e
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
o
u
g
h
t
an
d
atten
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
T
r
ad
eo
f
f
a
m
o
n
g
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
9
6
8
-
5
9
7
7
5972
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
r
ad
eo
f
f
am
o
n
g
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
s
2
.
1
4
.
E
nerg
y
a
nd
s
pect
rum
ef
f
iciency
ra
t
es
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
ass
ess
ed
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
,
d
ata
r
ate,
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
in
teg
r
at
ed
5
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
v
al
id
ate
th
at
th
e
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
en
h
an
ce
s
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
ad
ap
ti
v
e
d
ata
r
ate
in
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
was
o
v
er
l
o
o
k
ed
,
n
ev
e
r
th
eless
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
b
it
r
ate
in
a
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
ey
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
.
E
n
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
an
o
th
er
v
ital c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
in
la
r
g
e
-
s
ca
le
6
G
I
o
T
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
ts
.
E
m
e
r
g
in
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies s
u
ch
as
R
I
S
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
p
r
o
m
is
e,
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
with
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
R
I
S
(
STAR
-
R
I
S),
wh
ich
en
ab
les
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
wh
ile
s
u
s
tain
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
tr
en
g
th
en
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
6
G
s
y
s
tem
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
o
th
g
r
ee
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
an
d
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2
.
1
5
.
B
a
nd
width
I
f
b
an
d
wid
t
h
is
g
iv
en
to
o
m
u
ch
weig
h
t,
it
m
ay
ec
lip
s
e
o
th
er
in
d
icato
r
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
ty
m
ay
r
e
s
u
lt
in
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates
an
d
u
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
.
T
h
at
is
,
o
p
tim
al
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ate,
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
th
ef
f
icien
cy
a
r
e
n
o
t
all
av
ailab
le
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
is
p
lay
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
d
icato
r
s
th
at
a
r
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
ex
am
p
les o
f
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es f
o
r
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
o
t
h
er
m
etr
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
ad
eo
f
f
am
o
n
g
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
s
2
.
1
6
.
B
a
nd
width
re
lia
bi
lity
a
nd
ra
t
e
Min
im
al
-
d
en
s
ity
p
ar
ity
-
ch
ec
k
(
MD
PC
)
m
o
d
els
ac
h
iev
e
g
r
ea
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
m
in
im
al
r
ep
air
b
an
d
wid
th
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
p
r
esen
t
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
co
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
m
in
im
a
l
r
ep
air
b
an
d
wid
th
co
n
ce
p
t
en
h
a
n
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
ab
ili
ty
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
em
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
is
s
u
es
with
s
am
p
le
r
ate
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
in
d
ee
p
-
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
em
u
latio
n
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
r
ate
m
atch
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
s
am
p
le
r
ate
wh
ile
ad
h
er
in
g
to
b
a
n
d
wid
th
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
2
.
1
7
.
Relia
bil
it
y
-
ra
t
e
I
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
th
e
r
ate
alo
n
e
m
ay
u
n
i
n
ten
tio
n
ally
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
o
t
h
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
d
e
p
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
f
o
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
ca
n
r
esu
lt
in
a
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate.
3.
C
H
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
O
F
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
6
G
I
O
T
C
O
M
M
U
N
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S
C
E
N
A
R
I
O
S
I
o
T
tech
n
iq
u
es a
r
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
lace
as 6
G
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es.
T
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
ese
I
o
T
d
ev
ices,
we
n
ee
d
lo
w
laten
c
y
,
h
ig
h
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
E
E
an
d
S
E
,
h
ig
h
r
ate,
an
d
h
ig
h
b
an
d
wid
th
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
6
G
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
r
emo
te
lo
ca
tio
n
…
(
Md
A
s
if
)
5973
3
.
1
.
Uncer
t
a
in
f
a
ct
o
rs scena
rio
C
h
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
:
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
m
an
y
r
esea
r
ch
p
r
o
jects
h
as
b
ee
n
to
d
ev
el
o
p
an
id
ea
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
id
ea
l
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
c
h
an
n
el
s
tate
in
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
in
clu
d
in
g
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
SE,
a
n
d
E
E
.
Pr
ac
tical
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
r
ed
u
ce
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
laten
cy
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
en
s
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
6
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
s
tr
in
g
en
t tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
laten
cy
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
3
.
2
.
M
ulti
-
dim
ens
io
n scena
r
io
C
h
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
:
Du
e
to
th
e
s
co
p
e
an
d
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ter
r
estrial
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
r
ec
en
tly
g
r
o
wn
ex
p
lo
s
iv
ely
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
to
m
ee
t
th
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
o
f
ce
llu
la
r
ce
lls
th
at
r
ely
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
atellites
an
d
n
ea
r
-
s
p
ac
e
v
eh
icles
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
estab
lis
h
s
p
ac
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3
.
3
.
Ult
r
a
-
dens
e
s
ce
na
rio
C
h
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
:
Ap
p
ly
in
g
ter
a
h
er
tz
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
with
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
as
a
n
o
v
el
r
em
e
d
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
esen
t
6
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
p
ac
ity
lim
itatio
n
s
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
g
i
v
en
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
ca
r
city
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
b
y
th
e
d
e
n
s
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
6
G
I
o
T
.
An
ef
f
icien
t
ca
ch
e
-
en
ab
led
ME
N
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
was
in
p
lace
t
o
co
u
n
ter
t
h
e
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ter
m
in
al
u
n
its
.
B
u
t
g
iv
e
n
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
wir
e
less
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
till
h
as
to
p
ay
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
to
6
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
-
b
ased
u
ltra
-
d
en
s
e
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
.
3
.
4
.
Dy
na
m
ic
re
s
o
urce
s
ce
na
rio
C
h
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
:
It
b
ec
o
m
es
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
wir
eless
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
laten
cy
an
d
th
e
FL
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
in
g
lat
en
cy
in
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
m
o
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
a
b
le
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
is
tan
ce
s
will
r
esu
lt
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
o
f
th
e
wir
eles
s
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
e
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
FL
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
a
s
tatic
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
,
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
I
o
T
ter
m
in
al
d
ev
ice
is
f
i
x
ed
in
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
is
n
o
t m
o
b
ile.
3
.
5
.
M
ulti
-
us
er
s
s
ce
na
rio
C
h
allen
g
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
:
B
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
s
o
lely
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
o
d
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
,
it h
as b
ec
o
m
e
h
ar
d
t
o
s
tay
u
p
t
o
d
ate
with
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t I
o
T
eq
u
ip
m
en
t d
u
e
to
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
n
ew
s
ec
to
r
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices
i
n
r
e
ce
n
t
y
ea
r
s
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
ec
e
n
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
h
a
v
e
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
r
es
o
u
r
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
i
n
a
s
in
g
le
b
aseb
an
d
u
n
it
(
B
B
U)
s
itu
atio
n
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
in
g
le
-
u
s
er
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
r
estricte
d
b
an
d
wid
th
is
s
u
es,
la
ten
cy
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
estrictio
n
s
.
4.
F
UT
UR
E
RE
S
E
AR
CH
DI
RE
C
T
I
O
NS
O
F
RE
SO
UR
CE
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
6
G
I
NT
E
RNE
T
O
F
T
H
I
NG
S
CO
M
M
UN
I
C
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
th
e
jo
in
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
in
d
icato
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
t stu
d
y
'
s
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
I
o
T
o
n
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
a.
Mu
lti
-
in
d
icato
r
s
jo
in
t
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
:
Fu
tu
r
e
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
et
wo
r
k
s
will
n
ee
d
to
co
n
d
u
ct
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
I
o
T
'
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
will
r
esu
lt
in
m
o
r
e
d
em
a
n
d
in
g
s
er
v
ice
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ev
ices.
b.
Dec
en
tr
alize
d
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
-
b
as
ed
m
en
:
Du
e
to
h
ig
h
u
s
er
d
e
n
s
ity
in
d
en
s
e
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
lik
e
o
f
f
ice
b
u
ild
in
g
s
an
d
lar
g
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
m
alls
,
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ce
n
tr
alize
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
h
as
a
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
c
o
m
p
lex
i
ty
,
an
d
th
e
iter
ativ
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
.
c.
AI
-
B
ased
Ml/Dl
:
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
ML
o
r
D
L
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
r
eso
u
r
c
e
u
tili
ty
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
s
o
m
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
ain
ly
ex
am
in
es th
e
d
ata
u
tili
ty
o
f
n
e
two
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
d
icato
r
s
.
d.
Fl
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
:
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
n
o
d
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
n
o
t
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
in
ten
d
e
d
f
o
r
s
tatic
I
o
T
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
e.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
:
W
ith
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
h
ar
in
g
,
cu
r
r
en
t
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
m
ay
ef
f
icien
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
u
lf
ill
t
h
e
v
ast
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
5
G
a
n
d
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
h
as d
r
a
wn
a
lo
t o
f
i
n
ter
est lately
.
f.
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
:
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
a
l
r
e
a
d
y
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
l
o
o
k
a
t
c
a
c
h
e
u
n
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
,
b
e
a
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
I
o
T
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
I
n
6
G
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
v
a
r
i
e
t
y
o
f
c
u
t
t
i
n
g
-
e
d
g
e
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
a
l
l
o
c
at
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
w
il
l
b
e
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
wi
t
h
c
u
t
ti
n
g
-
e
d
g
e
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
d
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
9
6
8
-
5
9
7
7
5974
g.
No
v
el
n
etwo
r
k
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e:
T
h
e
p
lan
n
ed
s
m
ar
t
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
id
en
tifie
r
n
etwo
r
k
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
is
ea
g
er
to
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
6
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
m
ar
t
in
te
g
r
atio
n
id
en
tifie
r
n
etwo
r
k
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
id
en
tific
atio
n
s
er
v
ices c
an
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
ar
ea
s
co
n
ce
p
t.
h.
Qu
an
tu
m
n
etwo
r
k
s
:
E
n
h
an
cin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
in
q
u
an
tu
m
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
a
v
ital
ar
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
q
u
an
tu
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
en
tan
g
led
p
h
o
t
o
n
s
,
q
u
b
its
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
els.
5.
K
E
Y
ST
RAT
E
G
I
E
S AN
D
T
E
CH
NIQU
E
S
B
elo
w
ar
e
k
ey
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es u
s
ed
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
in
q
u
an
tu
m
n
etwo
r
k
s
:
a.
Dy
n
am
ic
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
:
Ad
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
,
im
p
lem
en
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
th
at
ad
ap
t
b
ased
o
n
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
c
h
an
n
el
n
o
is
e
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
Prio
r
ity
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
ass
ig
n
p
r
io
r
ity
to
cr
itical
task
s
lik
e
q
u
an
tu
m
k
e
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
QKD)
o
v
er
les
s
tim
e
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
b.
E
n
tan
g
lem
en
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
:
E
n
tan
g
lem
en
t
s
wap
p
in
g
,
ef
f
icien
tly
u
tili
ze
en
tan
g
lem
e
n
t
s
wap
p
in
g
at
q
u
an
tu
m
r
ep
ea
ter
n
o
d
es
to
ex
t
en
d
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
en
tan
g
le
m
en
t.
Qu
an
tu
m
e
r
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
(
QE
C
)
,
u
s
e
QE
C
co
d
es
to
d
etec
t
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
er
r
o
r
s
in
q
u
b
its
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
r
eu
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
No
is
e
-
ad
a
p
tiv
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
,
tailo
r
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
to
th
e
n
o
is
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
m
in
im
izin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
wasta
g
e.
6.
RE
M
O
T
E
L
O
CA
T
I
O
N
SU
RG
E
RY
A
s
u
r
g
eo
n
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
o
n
a
p
a
tien
t
r
em
o
tely
,
s
o
m
etim
es
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
cy
b
e
r
s
u
r
g
er
y
o
r
tel
e
s
u
r
g
er
y
,
ev
en
if
th
e
p
atien
t
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
g
eo
n
a
r
e
n
o
t
p
h
y
s
ically
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
lace
.
I
t'
s
a
ty
p
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
p
r
esen
ce
.
A
m
aster
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
o
f
ten
k
n
o
wn
as a
co
n
s
o
le,
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
m
s
th
at
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
u
r
g
eo
n
in
[
2
1
]
,
an
d
a
s
en
s
o
r
y
s
y
s
tem
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
u
s
er
m
a
k
e
u
p
a
ty
p
ical
r
o
b
o
tic
s
u
r
g
ical
s
y
s
tem
.
R
o
b
o
tics
,
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
ast
d
ata
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
all
p
lay
a
p
ar
t
i
n
r
em
o
te
s
u
r
g
e
r
y
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
r
o
b
o
tic
s
u
r
g
e
r
y
is
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
ly
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
p
ec
ialty
,
m
o
s
t
r
o
b
o
tic
s
u
r
g
eo
n
s
o
p
er
ate
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
o
f
s
u
r
g
eo
n
s
at
th
e
s
u
r
g
ical
s
ite.
Su
r
g
eo
n
s
wh
o
d
o
r
em
o
te
s
u
r
g
er
y
d
o
it
f
r
o
m
a
lo
ca
tio
n
wh
er
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
em
an
d
th
eir
p
atien
ts
is
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
I
t
claim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
atien
ts
'
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
p
ec
ialized
s
u
r
g
eo
n
s
av
ailab
le
to
th
e
m
an
y
wh
er
e
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
,
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
em
to
leav
e
th
eir
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
h
o
s
p
ital.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
e
r
y
was
u
tili
ze
d
an
d
u
s
in
g
6
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
it
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
ce
ler
ated
to
ev
en
f
u
r
th
er
.
T
h
e
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
er
y
ac
tu
ally
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
laten
cy
an
d
d
ata
r
ates
wh
ich
wer
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
g
r
ea
tly
u
s
in
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
6
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
An
d
m
o
r
e
o
v
er
th
e
6
G
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
t
h
e
laten
c
y
b
etter
th
an
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
b
u
t
it
h
as
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
ed
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
n
ei
th
er
s
id
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
av
o
id
th
o
s
e
m
in
o
r
o
r
m
in
u
t
e
er
r
o
r
s
wh
ich
m
ay
r
esu
lt
h
u
g
e
r
esu
lts
in
p
atien
t’
s
life
.
I
n
[
2
2
]
u
s
in
g
6
G
-
e
n
ab
led
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
e
r
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
m
ajo
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
telem
e
d
icin
e.
As
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
m
o
v
es
t
o
war
d
m
o
r
e
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
an
d
d
ig
it
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
i
n
tellig
en
t
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
u
r
g
en
t.
I
n
s
tu
d
y
[
2
3
]
r
em
o
te
s
u
r
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
wh
er
e
ev
er
y
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
o
f
d
ela
y
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
o
u
tco
m
es,
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ex
tr
em
ely
lo
w
laten
cy
an
d
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Six
th
-
g
en
er
atio
n
wir
eless
n
et
wo
r
k
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ee
t
s
u
ch
e
x
ac
tin
g
d
em
an
d
s
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
u
ltra
-
r
eliab
le
lo
w
-
laten
cy
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
UR
L
L
C
)
,
m
ass
iv
e
m
ac
h
in
e
-
ty
p
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
m
MT
C
)
,
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
m
o
b
ile
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
(
eM
B
B
)
in
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
if
ied
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
d
ata
r
ate
an
a
ly
s
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
6
G
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
er
y
.
As
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t tr
e
n
d
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
6
G
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
m
ain
tain
ed
h
ig
h
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates o
v
er
tim
e
with
o
u
t
n
o
tab
le
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
v
ital
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
u
r
g
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
ev
e
n
b
r
i
ef
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
ela
y
s
o
r
d
ata
l
o
s
s
ca
n
h
av
e
cr
itical
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
6
G,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
is
r
esu
lt,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
it
ca
n
r
eliab
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
in
te
n
s
iv
e
d
ata
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
em
o
te
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
m
ar
k
in
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
v
er
ea
r
lier
wir
eless
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
d
ata
r
ate
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
f
u
r
th
e
r
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
6
G
i
n
h
an
d
lin
g
h
ig
h
-
d
em
a
n
d
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
in
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
r
ate
r
em
ain
ed
s
tead
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
test
d
u
r
atio
n
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
n
i
n
ter
r
u
p
ted
s
er
v
ice,
wh
ich
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
ess
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
r
e
m
o
te
s
u
r
g
ica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
v
alid
ate
th
e
co
n
clu
s
i
o
n
th
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
u
r
g
er
y
in
to
a
6
G
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
ea
s
ib
le
b
u
t
also
p
r
ac
tically
r
eliab
le.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
6
G
to
d
eliv
er
b
o
th
co
n
s
is
ten
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
d
at
a
r
ate
u
n
d
e
r
lin
es
its
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
cr
itical
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
o
p
e
n
in
g
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
co
n
n
ec
ted
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
laten
cy
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
6
G
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
r
emo
te
lo
ca
tio
n
…
(
Md
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if
)
5975
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Plo
t o
f
d
ata
r
ate
o
v
er
tim
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Plo
t o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
v
er
tim
e
7.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
it is
ex
p
lain
ed
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
an
d
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
is
g
iv
en
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
R
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
f
ig
u
r
es,
g
r
ap
h
s
,
ta
b
les
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
th
at
m
a
k
e
th
e
r
ea
d
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ea
s
ily
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
i
o
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
in
two
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
7
.
1
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
perf
o
rm
a
n
ce
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
o
f
6
G
net
w
o
rk
s
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
d
icate
s
a
clea
r
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
v
er
tim
e
wh
en
u
s
in
g
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
ei
r
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
tab
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wir
eless
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Un
lik
e
ea
r
lier
g
en
er
atio
n
s
th
at
te
n
d
to
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
u
s
ag
e,
6
G
m
ain
tai
n
s
a
h
ig
h
an
d
s
tead
y
d
ata
r
a
te,
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m
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th
a
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g
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t
y
d
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to
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l
F
a
c
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lt
ies
(F
e
ll
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w)
tak
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n
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
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fro
m
d
iffere
n
t
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iv
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rsiti
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s.
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p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
fift
y
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CI
p
a
p
e
r
,
1
5
B
o
o
k
s,
2
0
Uti
li
ty
p
a
ten
t
g
ra
n
ted
(Na
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l).
He
is
g
u
e
st
e
d
it
o
r
o
f
m
a
n
y
b
o
o
k
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ries
.
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H
in
d
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x
2
9
,
c
it
a
ti
o
n
2
2
0
0
+
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
ra
v
i
n
k
8
8
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y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
m
.
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