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CC B
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C
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p
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A
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:
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Alb
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to
Gar
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s
-
Gó
m
e
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R
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o
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Sen
s
in
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Un
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6
0
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6
3
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Ma
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ality
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ex
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s
s
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an
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m
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[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
d
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ad
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th
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r
ap
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p
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an
d
en
v
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m
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co
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s
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v
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[
4
]
–
[
8
]
.
T
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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N:
2088
-
8
7
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8
I
ma
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b
a
s
ed
a
s
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ess
men
t o
f c
a
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a
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…
(
C
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Gó
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)
5361
an
d
g
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d
if
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s
o
f
n
atu
r
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
cy
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[
9
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Po
p
u
latio
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r
o
wth
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h
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I
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ar
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I
n
[
1
6
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ats,
an
d
th
e
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
f
s
o
i
l
an
d
wate
r
.
L
an
d
u
s
e/co
v
e
r
c
h
an
g
e
p
atter
n
s
i
n
a
r
eg
io
n
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
b
io
p
h
y
s
ical,
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
ac
tiv
ities
o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
[
1
5
]
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
an
d
p
r
o
ject
th
ese
ch
an
g
es,
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
s
tatis
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
p
atial
an
aly
s
i
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
GI
S)
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
t
o
o
ls
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
So
il
er
o
s
io
n
c
au
s
ed
b
y
m
an
u
r
e
ac
c
u
m
u
lati
o
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
in
ten
s
iv
e
g
r
az
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
e
in
p
astu
r
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
with
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
liv
esto
ck
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
h
ea
lth
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
in
g
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
d
r
o
n
e
im
ag
e
r
y
to
d
etec
t
an
d
q
u
an
tify
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ca
ttle
m
an
u
r
e
in
p
ast
u
r
es.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
in
clu
d
e
ev
alu
atin
g
class
if
icatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
id
e
n
tify
in
g
r
elev
an
t
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
te
x
tu
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es,
an
d
q
u
an
tify
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t a
n
d
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
will c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
astu
r
es.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
o
f
t
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
v
alu
e
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
astu
r
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
clea
r
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
b
e
ad
ap
te
d
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
g
r
az
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
ite
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
a
s
s
o
il
ty
p
e,
s
lo
p
e,
a
n
d
r
ain
f
a
ll
p
atter
n
s
in
to
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
W
h
ile
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
e
x
am
in
ed
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
ca
ttle
m
an
u
r
e
an
d
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
,
th
er
e
r
em
ain
s
a
lack
o
f
d
etailed
,
s
p
atially
ex
p
licit
ass
ess
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
g
u
id
e
tar
g
eted
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
d
r
o
n
e
im
ag
e
r
y
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
id
en
tif
y
a
n
d
q
u
an
tify
m
an
u
r
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
s
o
i
l
er
o
s
io
n
at
a
f
in
e
s
ca
le,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
astu
r
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
D
r
o
n
e
-
b
ased
im
ag
er
y
o
f
f
er
s
h
i
g
h
s
p
a
tial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
a
n
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
t
h
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
f
in
e
-
s
ca
le
er
o
s
io
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
m
ay
b
e
m
is
s
ed
b
y
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
u
r
v
ey
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
liv
esto
ck
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
a
wid
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Ultim
ately
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l
to
o
ls
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
s
em
i
-
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
.
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
Study
a
re
a
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
is
lo
ca
ted
at
“
E
l
C
am
b
iazo
”
f
ar
m
,
s
itu
ated
i
n
th
e
L
a
B
u
itre
r
a
d
is
tr
ict,
m
u
n
icip
ality
o
f
Palm
ir
a,
Valle
d
el
C
au
ca
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ar
m
h
as
a
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
1
8
0
h
ec
tar
es,
o
f
wh
ich
1
7
0
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
g
r
az
in
g
an
d
1
0
to
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
as
a
wo
o
d
ed
ar
ea
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
o
n
er
o
s
io
n
p
o
te
n
tial,
a
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
t
io
n
d
ig
ital
elev
atio
n
m
o
d
el
(
D
E
M)
was
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
r
o
n
e
im
a
g
es
u
s
in
g
p
h
o
to
g
r
am
m
etr
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
DE
M
was
u
s
ed
to
d
er
iv
e
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as sl
o
p
e
an
d
asp
ec
t,
wh
ic
h
wer
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
in
to
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
liv
esto
ck
r
o
tatio
n
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
a
s
tu
r
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
th
e
f
a
r
m
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
1
0
p
ad
d
o
ck
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
ac
t
ice
allo
ws
f
o
r
r
esti
n
g
an
d
r
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
g
r
az
in
g
a
r
ea
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
f
o
r
a
g
e
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
o
f
o
v
e
r
g
r
az
in
g
.
W
ith
in
th
e
f
ar
m
,
a
s
am
p
lin
g
ar
ea
o
f
3
0
to
3
5
h
ec
tar
es
was
s
elec
ted
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
wh
er
e
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
d
r
y
co
ws
is
r
o
tated
,
with
a
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
3
0
to
4
0
an
im
als
p
er
y
ea
r
.
2
.
2
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
th
r
e
e
m
ain
s
tag
es d
escr
ib
ed
as
:
2
.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
W
ith
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
co
w
m
an
u
r
e
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
eg
i
o
n
,
a
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
ag
er
y
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
lan
n
ed
d
r
o
n
e
f
lig
h
ts
.
T
h
ese
im
ag
es
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
q
u
an
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
3
6
0
-
5
3
7
0
5362
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
m
a
n
u
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
ter
r
ai
n
.
T
o
co
m
p
l
em
en
t
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
g
ath
e
r
ed
o
n
th
e
liv
esto
ck
p
r
ac
tices
im
p
le
m
en
ted
o
n
th
e
f
a
r
m
,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
i)
p
astu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
;
ii)
u
s
e
o
f
ad
ap
ted
b
r
ee
d
s
;
iii)
an
im
al
h
ea
lth
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
;
an
d
iv
)
r
ec
o
r
d
k
ee
p
in
g
a
n
d
p
lan
n
in
g
o
f
liv
esto
ck
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
r
o
tatio
n
an
d
m
an
u
r
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t (
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
q
u
an
tity
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
d
ata
o
n
lan
d
u
s
e
an
d
lo
ca
l
clim
atic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
wer
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
co
n
te
x
tu
alize
er
o
s
iv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
Fo
r
lan
d
u
s
e
ch
ar
a
cter
izatio
n
,
th
em
atic
m
ap
s
o
f
Valle
d
el
C
au
ca
(
1
:1
0
0
,
0
0
0
s
ca
le
f
r
o
m
Ag
u
s
tín
C
o
d
az
zi
Geo
g
r
ap
h
ic
I
n
s
titu
te
(
I
GAC
))
,
th
e
I
GAC,
is
th
e
en
tity
in
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
o
f
f
icial
m
ap
a
n
d
b
asic
ca
r
to
g
r
a
p
h
y
o
f
C
o
lo
m
b
i
a)
,
p
h
o
to
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
Go
o
g
le
E
ar
th
im
ag
es
(
I
m
ag
e
R
2
0
2
3
d
ig
ital
g
lo
b
e)
,
an
d
an
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
C
VC
-
I
GAC in
2
0
2
1
wer
e
u
s
ed
.
Giv
en
th
e
b
i
o
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Vall
e
d
el
C
au
ca
,
a
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
o
f
lan
d
co
v
e
r
class
es
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
,
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atin
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
class
es
to
b
e
m
a
p
p
ed
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
lan
d
u
s
es
av
ailab
le
at
I
GAC
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
ar
ea
was
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
its
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
liv
esto
ck
d
en
s
ity
,
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
s
ig
n
s
o
f
e
r
o
s
io
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
it c
a
p
tu
r
ed
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
in
th
e
f
ar
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
o
ca
tio
n
m
a
p
o
f
Palm
ir
a
m
u
n
icip
ality
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
“
E
l Cam
b
iazo
”
f
ar
m
lo
ca
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sam
p
le
a
r
ea
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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ma
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a
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a
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ess
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ttle m
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5363
T
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le
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T
a
b
le
o
f
m
a
p
attr
ib
u
t
es
at
s
ca
le
1
:1
0
0
,
0
0
0
I
GAC 2
0
1
7
F
I
D
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h
a
p
e
U
C
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o
c
a
t
i
o
n
V
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
i
mary
u
s
e
4
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
A
S
p
A
g
r
o
f
o
r
e
st
r
y
A
g
r
o
f
o
r
e
st
r
y
a
n
d
g
r
a
z
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
c
r
o
p
s
12
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
C
P
l
m
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
e
r
ma
n
e
n
t
c
r
o
p
s
i
n
a
m
e
d
i
u
m c
l
i
ma
t
e
16
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
CRE
-
1
S
o
i
l
C
o
n
ser
v
a
t
i
o
n
Er
o
si
o
n
C
o
n
ser
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
20
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
C
TI
c
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
c
r
o
p
s
i
n
w
a
r
m
c
l
i
mat
e
s
33
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
FPR
F
o
r
e
st
r
y
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
o
r
e
st
r
y
36
P
o
l
y
g
o
n
P
EX
m
Li
v
e
st
o
c
k
Ex
t
e
n
si
v
e
g
r
a
z
i
n
g
i
n
m
e
d
i
u
m
c
l
i
ma
t
e
2
.
2
.
2
.
I
m
a
g
e
pro
ce
s
s
ing
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
c
o
w
m
an
u
r
e
o
n
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t,
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
its
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
v
er
tim
e.
M
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
s
atellite
im
ag
es
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tim
es,
b
e
f
o
r
e
an
d
af
te
r
m
a
n
u
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
wer
e
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
ese
im
ag
es
wer
e
g
eo
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
an
d
r
ec
tifie
d
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
ei
r
s
p
atial
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
etailed
v
is
u
al
an
aly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
im
ag
es,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
lan
d
co
v
e
r
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ar
ea
s
w
h
er
e
v
eg
etatio
n
s
h
o
wed
a
n
o
ti
ce
ab
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
r
s
ig
n
s
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
o
ac
cu
r
ately
q
u
a
n
tify
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ch
a
n
g
es,
ti
m
e
s
er
ies
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
a
p
p
lied
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
a
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
in
v
eg
etatio
n
h
ea
lth
in
t
h
e
af
f
ec
ted
ar
ea
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
co
w
m
an
u
r
e
o
n
er
o
s
iv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
m
an
u
r
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
o
f
f
er
v
alu
ab
l
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
o
f
ass
o
ciate
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
m
p
ac
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
2023.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mu
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
is
2
0
2
1
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mu
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
is
2
0
2
1
2
.
2
.
3
.
Va
lid
a
t
io
n
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
s
tu
d
y
o
n
co
w
m
an
u
r
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
e
r
o
s
io
n
,
a
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
co
n
d
u
cted
c
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
f
ield
v
is
its
an
d
r
em
o
te
a
n
aly
s
is
.
I
n
itially
,
an
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icat
io
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
Ar
cG
I
S
u
s
i
n
g
Go
o
g
le
E
ar
th
an
d
I
GAC
i
m
ag
es
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
is
class
if
icatio
n
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
ar
ea
s
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
m
an
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
n
th
e
ter
r
ain
.
T
h
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
L
an
d
s
at
8
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
lan
d
i
m
ag
er
an
d
th
e
r
m
al
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
en
s
o
r
(
OL
I
/TI
R
S
)
s
atellite
im
ag
er
y
with
a
s
p
atial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
3
0
m
.
T
h
e
im
a
g
es
wer
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
o
n
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
a
n
d
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
Un
ited
States
Geo
lo
g
ical
Su
r
v
e
y
(
USGS
)
ea
r
th
ex
p
lo
r
er
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
f
ield
v
is
its
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
at
s
tr
ateg
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
em
o
te
an
aly
s
is
.
Du
r
in
g
th
ese
v
is
its
,
d
ata
o
n
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
e
r
,
s
o
il
tex
tu
r
e,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
.
Deta
iled
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
also
tak
en
to
co
n
tr
a
s
t
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
d
i
ce
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
a
g
es.
T
h
is
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
em
o
tely
o
b
tain
e
d
d
ata
an
d
th
e
in
s
itu
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
s
,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
f
ield
v
is
its
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
th
e
ir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
s
o
il
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
en
r
ich
in
g
th
e
in
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
em
o
te
an
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
a
)
to
6
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
f
ield
d
ata
v
alid
atio
n
with
d
r
o
n
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
.
T
h
e
d
r
o
n
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
a
DJI
Ma
v
ic
Pro
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
a
C
MO
S
1
/2
.
3
s
en
s
o
r
at
1
2
MP
R
GB
.
I
m
ag
es
wer
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
at
a
f
ly
in
g
h
eig
h
t o
f
6
0
m
eter
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
am
p
lin
g
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
2
ce
n
tim
eter
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
-
tr
u
th
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
at
5
0
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
p
o
in
ts
with
in
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
ar
ea
.
At
ea
ch
p
o
in
t,
er
o
s
io
n
s
ev
er
ity
was
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
a
v
is
u
al
r
atin
g
s
ca
le,
an
d
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
e
r
wa
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
ad
r
at.
T
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
class
if
icat
io
n
was
as
s
es
s
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
t
r
u
th
d
ata
with
th
e
class
if
ied
im
ag
e,
ca
lcu
latin
g
o
v
er
all
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
k
ap
p
a
co
ef
f
icien
t.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
3
6
0
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3
7
0
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class
if
icatio
n
,
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
d
r
o
n
e
-
d
er
iv
ed
DE
M
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
d
ata
co
llected
d
u
r
in
g
f
ield
v
is
its
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
we
d
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
a
p
p
in
g
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
b
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
u
th
d
ata.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Data
v
alid
atio
n
(
a)
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
liv
esto
ck
,
(
b
)
lar
g
e
p
astu
r
es,
(
c)
an
d
(
d
)
v
alid
ati
o
n
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
co
w
m
a
n
u
r
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
m
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
s
tu
d
y
o
n
c
o
w
m
an
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
ev
ea
l
s
wo
r
r
y
in
g
p
atter
n
s
o
f
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
,
GI
S,
an
d
ae
r
ial
im
ag
er
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
(
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
r
o
n
es)
h
as
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
id
en
tify
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
m
an
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
v
er
tim
e,
h
ig
h
li
g
h
tin
g
ar
ea
s
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
to
er
o
s
io
n
.
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
ac
cu
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
m
a
n
u
r
e
in
ce
r
tain
ar
ea
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
e
r
o
s
io
n
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
in
ten
s
e
r
ain
o
r
ex
c
ess
iv
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
.
T
h
is
er
o
s
io
n
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
af
f
ec
ts
s
o
il
f
er
tili
ty
b
u
t
ca
n
also
h
av
e
n
eg
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
n
wate
r
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
h
ea
lth
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
d
etailed
,
s
p
atially
ex
p
licit
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
ca
t
tle
m
an
u
r
e,
a
g
ap
id
e
n
tifie
d
i
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
.
W
h
ile
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ca
ttle
m
an
u
r
e
an
d
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
,
o
u
r
u
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
d
r
o
n
e
im
ag
e
r
y
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
g
r
a
n
u
lar
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ex
ten
t
an
d
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
at
a
f
in
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
i
s
en
h
an
ce
d
d
etail
allo
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ta
r
g
eted
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
b
u
ild
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
er
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
in
ea
r
lier
wo
r
k
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
g
r
az
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
o
n
s
o
il d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
3
.
1
.
Uns
up
er
v
is
ed
c
la
s
s
if
ica
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
m
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
an
d
m
u
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
id
en
tify
an
d
ass
es
s
er
o
s
io
n
in
a
n
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
i
n
g
a
r
ea
.
Un
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
in
Ar
c
GI
S
was
u
s
ed
as
th
e
m
ain
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
an
aly
zi
n
g
s
atellite
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
G
o
o
g
le
E
ar
th
an
d
I
GAC,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
y
ea
r
s
2
0
2
1
an
d
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
au
to
m
atic
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
o
f
im
a
g
e
p
i
x
els
in
to
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
es
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
p
r
ed
e
f
in
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ie
s
.
T
h
is
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
ar
ea
s
with
s
im
ilar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
I
s
o
clu
s
ter
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
clas
s
if
icatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
u
s
ed
with
in
th
e
Ar
cGI
S
p
latf
o
r
m
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
lar
g
e
d
atasets
an
d
id
en
tif
y
s
p
ec
tr
ally
d
is
tin
ct
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ch
o
s
en
o
v
er
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
lack
o
f
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
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er
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e
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ex
p
lo
r
e
p
atter
n
s
an
d
clu
s
ter
s
in
th
e
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ata
with
o
u
t
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
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s
u
p
er
v
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icatio
n
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ch
o
s
en
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
id
en
tify
p
atter
n
s
an
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ter
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e
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ata
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t
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r
io
r
k
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e
o
f
s
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ec
if
ic
er
o
s
io
n
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
well
-
s
u
it
ed
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
an
aly
s
is
an
d
ca
n
r
ev
ea
l
h
id
d
en
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
in
th
e
d
ata.
Ho
wev
er
,
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
m
is
class
if
icat
io
n
er
r
o
r
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
esp
ec
ial
ly
in
ar
ea
s
with
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
lan
d
c
o
v
er
.
T
o
co
n
tex
tu
alize
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
,
a
lan
d
u
s
e
m
ap
f
r
o
m
I
GAC
at
a
1
:1
0
0
,
0
0
0
s
c
ale
was
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
.
T
h
is
m
ap
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
ty
p
es
o
f
lan
d
u
s
e
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th
e
s
tu
d
y
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eg
i
o
n
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
b
ette
r
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ch
an
g
es
in
la
n
d
co
v
er
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
e
m
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
is
co
m
p
ar
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im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
1
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n
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0
2
3
,
allo
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g
f
o
r
th
e
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et
ec
tio
n
an
d
q
u
an
tific
atio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
g
es
in
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
an
d
s
o
il
h
ea
lth
in
a
r
ea
s
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
c
k
f
ar
m
in
g
.
T
h
is
tem
p
o
r
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
k
ey
to
id
en
tif
y
in
g
er
o
s
io
n
p
atter
n
s
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
th
eir
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
an
aly
s
is
,
f
ield
v
is
its
we
r
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
o
b
tain
d
ir
ec
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
d
etailed
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
at
s
tr
ate
g
ic
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
ield
d
ata
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
d
ex
an
aly
s
is
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
b
o
th
d
atasets
.
T
h
e
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
r
em
o
te
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
in
s
itu
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
,
lay
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t stra
teg
ies in
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
im
ag
es
an
d
f
ield
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
,
th
r
ee
class
es
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
to
ass
ess
er
o
s
io
n
:
a.
E
r
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es
o
r
ar
ea
s
with
o
u
t
f
o
r
est
co
v
er
:
Ar
ea
s
with
s
ev
er
ely
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
e
g
etatio
n
co
v
er
d
u
e
to
liv
esto
ck
ac
tiv
ity
,
leav
in
g
th
e
s
o
il e
x
p
o
s
ed
an
d
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
er
o
s
io
n
.
b.
Veg
etatio
n
co
v
er
: A
r
ea
s
th
at
m
ain
tain
s
ig
n
if
ican
t v
e
g
etatio
n
,
ac
tin
g
as n
atu
r
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
ag
ain
s
t e
r
o
s
io
n
.
c.
W
ater
b
o
d
ies:
R
iv
er
s
,
lak
es,
an
d
lag
o
o
n
s
th
at,
alth
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
liv
esto
ck
,
ca
n
b
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
e
r
o
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
il.
Un
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
in
Ar
cGI
S,
u
s
in
g
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
Go
o
g
le
E
ar
th
an
d
C
VC
-
I
GAC,
en
ab
led
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
cla
s
s
es
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
es.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
en
ab
le
d
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ar
ea
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
b
etwe
en
ar
ea
s
with
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
an
d
wate
r
b
o
d
ies.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
,
wh
ile
s
im
p
lify
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e,
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
cr
u
cial
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
an
d
allo
wed
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
cr
itical
ar
ea
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
atten
tio
n
f
o
r
e
r
o
s
io
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
I
s
o
clu
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
Ar
cGI
S.
T
h
e
I
s
o
clu
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
clu
s
ter
s
:
c
lu
s
te
r
1
,
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
b
y
h
ig
h
n
o
r
m
alize
d
d
if
f
er
en
ce
v
eg
etatio
n
in
d
e
x
(
NDVI
)
v
alu
es,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
ar
ea
s
o
f
d
en
s
e
v
eg
etatio
n
;
c
lu
s
ter
2
,
with
lo
w
NDVI
v
alu
es
an
d
h
ig
h
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
in
th
e
v
is
ib
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
r
ep
r
esen
ted
ar
ea
s
o
f
ex
p
o
s
ed
s
o
il
a
n
d
er
o
s
io
n
;
c
lu
s
ter
3
,
with
lo
w
r
e
f
lecta
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
all
b
an
d
s
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
wate
r
b
o
d
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
s
o
cl
u
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
3
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n m
et
rics
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
ev
alu
atio
n
m
etr
i
cs
wer
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
t
o
q
u
an
t
if
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
.
T
wo
k
ey
m
etr
ic
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
:
a.
C
las
s
Sep
ar
atio
n
:
T
h
is
m
etr
ic
ev
alu
ates
th
e
s
ep
ar
ab
ilit
y
b
et
wee
n
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
s
p
ec
tr
al
cl
ass
es,
in
d
icatin
g
h
o
w
d
is
tin
ct
th
ey
ar
e
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
Gr
ea
ter
class
s
ep
ar
atio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
b
etter
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
lan
d
co
v
e
r
ty
p
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
3
6
0
-
5
3
7
0
5366
b.
F1
Sco
r
e
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
an
aly
s
is
:
T
h
is
m
etr
ic
a
s
s
es
s
es
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
es
an
d
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
d
ata
o
b
tai
n
ed
in
th
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
F1
s
co
r
e
co
m
b
in
es th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
ec
all
o
f
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
m
ea
s
u
r
e.
B
o
th
m
etr
ics
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
es
an
d
th
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
with
th
e
f
ield
-
v
alid
ated
d
ata,
wh
ich
allo
we
d
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
a
h
ig
h
s
ep
ar
ab
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
es
id
en
tifie
d
i
n
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
class
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
etr
ic
J
ef
f
r
ies
-
Ma
tu
s
ita
(
J
M)
in
d
ex
,
clo
s
e
to
2
,
i
n
d
icate
a
cl
ea
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
class
es,
esp
ec
ially
b
etwe
en
er
o
s
io
n
ar
ea
s
an
d
a
r
ea
s
with
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
aly
s
is
to
d
is
cr
im
in
ate
b
etw
ee
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
lan
d
c
o
v
er
an
d
i
d
en
tif
y
cr
itical
er
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
ea
ch
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
F1
Sco
r
e,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
ec
all
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
“
Veg
etatio
n
C
o
v
er
”
class
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
F1
v
alu
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
id
en
tifie
d
ar
ea
s
with
v
eg
etat
io
n
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
“
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
”
class
,
alth
o
u
g
h
a
d
eq
u
ately
s
ep
ar
ate
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
,
h
as
a
lo
we
r
F1
v
alu
e
d
u
e
to
its
lo
wer
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
,
wh
ic
h
m
ak
es its
ac
cu
r
ate
id
en
tific
atio
n
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt.
T
h
e
‘
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
’
class
ac
h
iev
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
F1
s
co
r
e
(
0
.
9
1
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
ac
cu
r
ate
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
v
eg
etate
d
a
r
ea
s
.
T
h
e
‘
er
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es
’
class
also
s
h
o
wed
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
F1
s
co
r
e
o
f
0
.
8
5
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
‘
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
’
class
h
ad
a
lo
w
er
F1
s
co
r
e
(
0
.
7
6
)
d
u
e
to
its
s
m
aller
s
p
atial
ex
ten
t
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
with
ar
ea
s
o
f
s
h
ad
o
w
o
r
lo
w
v
eg
et
atio
n
.
T
o
c
o
m
p
lem
e
n
t
th
e
r
es
u
lts
an
d
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
in
g
r
ea
ter
d
etail
,
th
e
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
is
p
r
es
en
ted
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
T
h
is
m
atr
ix
allo
ws
v
is
u
alizin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
es
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
class
if
icat
io
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els
th
at
wer
e
class
if
ied
co
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els th
at
wer
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
a
n
in
co
r
r
ec
t c
lass
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
lass
s
ep
ar
atio
n
r
esu
lts
(
J
M
i
n
d
ex
)
C
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
c
l
a
sses
JM
i
n
d
e
x
Er
o
si
o
n
z
o
n
e
s
v
s
.
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
v
e
r
1
.
8
9
Er
o
si
o
n
z
o
n
e
s
v
s
.
w
a
t
e
r
b
o
d
i
e
s
1
.
7
6
V
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
v
e
r
v
s.
w
a
t
e
r
b
o
d
i
e
s
1
.
9
2
T
ab
le
3
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
a
d
a
p
ted
F1
i
n
d
ex
C
l
a
s
s
P
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
R
e
c
a
l
l
A
d
a
p
t
e
d
F
1
Er
o
si
o
n
z
o
n
e
s
0
.
8
7
0
.
8
3
0
.
8
5
V
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
0
.
9
2
0
.
8
9
0
.
9
1
W
a
t
e
r
b
o
d
i
e
s
0
.
7
8
0
.
7
4
0
.
7
6
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
R
e
a
l
c
l
a
ss
Er
o
si
o
n
z
o
n
e
s
V
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
W
a
t
e
r
b
o
d
i
e
s
Er
o
si
o
n
z
o
n
e
s
85
10
5
V
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
8
90
2
W
a
t
e
r
b
o
d
i
e
s
12
6
82
T
h
e
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
es
an
d
e
r
r
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
8
5
%
o
f
th
e
p
ix
els
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
th
e
“
E
r
o
s
io
n
Z
o
n
e
s
”
clas
s
wer
e
cla
s
s
if
ied
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
1
0
%
o
f
th
ese
p
ix
els
wer
e
in
c
o
r
r
ec
tl
y
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
“
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
”
class
an
d
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
5
%
to
th
e
“
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
”
class
.
T
h
is
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
allo
ws
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
class
if
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
was
8
5
%,
with
a
k
ap
p
a
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
0
.
7
8
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
class
if
ied
im
ag
e
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
tr
u
th
d
ata
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
m
etr
ics
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
,
ev
id
en
ci
n
g
a
clea
r
s
ep
ar
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
class
es.
T
h
e
“
er
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es
”
an
d
“
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
”
class
es
o
b
tain
ed
h
ig
h
p
r
ec
is
io
n
v
alu
es
an
d
F1
s
co
r
es,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
ac
c
u
r
ately
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
ar
ea
s
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
ar
ea
s
with
v
eg
etatio
n
.
T
h
e
“
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
”
class
p
r
esen
ted
s
l
ig
h
tly
lo
wer
v
alu
es,
wh
ich
is
ex
p
ec
ted
g
iv
en
its
lo
wer
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
m
etr
ics
v
alid
ate
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
atellite
im
ag
er
y
a
n
d
GI
S
tech
n
iq
u
es
as
r
eliab
le
to
o
ls
to
m
o
n
ito
r
ch
a
n
g
es
in
lan
d
co
v
er
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
p
la
n
n
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
at
h
elp
m
itig
ate
e
r
o
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
eser
v
e
s
o
il
h
ea
lt
h
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
ca
ttle
m
an
u
r
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
an
d
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
.
Ar
ea
s
with
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
m
an
u
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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p
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g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
ma
g
e
-
b
a
s
ed
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f c
a
ttle m
a
n
u
r
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
s
o
il e
r
o
s
io
n
in
…
(
C
r
is
tia
n
Gó
mez
-
Gu
z
má
n
)
5367
ex
h
ib
ited
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
ar
ea
s
with
less
m
an
u
r
e.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
a
n
ag
in
g
m
an
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
to
m
in
im
ize
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
o
il
h
ea
lth
.
B
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
a
n
u
r
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies,
s
u
ch
as
co
n
tr
o
l
led
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
tin
g
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
e
r
o
s
io
n
a
n
d
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
astu
r
e
s
o
ils
.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
a
r
ea
o
f
Valle
d
el
C
au
ca
.
A
m
u
ltid
i
s
cip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
,
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
f
ield
v
alid
atio
n
was
u
s
ed
t
o
id
en
tify
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
a
r
e
as
m
o
s
t
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
,
g
en
er
atin
g
v
alu
ab
le
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
co
w
m
an
u
r
e
an
d
er
o
s
io
n
d
y
n
a
m
ics
in
th
e
r
eg
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
f
ir
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
o
n
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
s
p
atially
ex
p
licit
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
ca
ttle
m
an
u
r
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
er
o
s
io
n
lev
els.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
s
u
p
o
n
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
u
n
m
a
n
ag
e
d
m
an
u
r
e
o
n
s
o
il
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
wate
r
q
u
ality
.
O
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
em
p
h
asize
th
at
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
m
an
u
r
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
a
cts
as
a
k
ey
d
r
iv
er
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
,
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
wate
r
in
f
iltra
tio
n
a
n
d
r
u
n
o
f
f
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
an
u
r
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
as
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
astu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
g
o
in
g
b
ey
o
n
d
g
en
er
a
l r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ata
-
b
ac
k
ed
ev
id
en
c
e
f
o
r
its
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
4
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
ex
t
ens
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
a
rm
ing
o
n so
il e
ro
s
io
n
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
s
class
if
ied
as
“
er
o
s
io
n
z
o
n
es
o
r
ar
ea
s
with
o
u
t
f
o
r
est
c
o
v
er
”
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
o
v
er
g
r
az
in
g
an
d
m
a
n
u
r
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
o
n
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
.
T
h
is
lo
s
s
o
f
v
eg
etatio
n
ex
p
o
s
es
th
e
s
o
il
to
er
o
s
io
n
,
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
il
q
u
ality
an
d
its
wate
r
r
ete
n
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
h
o
w
liv
esto
ck
p
r
ess
u
r
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
s
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
[
2
4
]
.
W
h
ile
m
an
u
r
e
its
elf
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
il
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
its
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
c
an
lead
to
s
ev
e
r
al
is
s
u
es
th
a
t
p
r
o
m
o
te
e
r
o
s
io
n
.
Firstl
y
,
m
an
u
r
e
ca
n
f
o
r
m
a
cr
u
s
t
o
n
th
e
s
o
il
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
r
ed
u
cin
g
wate
r
in
f
iltra
tio
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
u
n
o
f
f
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
n
u
t
r
ien
t
co
n
ten
t
in
m
an
u
r
e
ca
n
alter
v
eg
etatio
n
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
f
av
o
r
in
g
s
p
ec
ies
with
s
h
allo
w
r
o
o
t
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
o
f
f
er
less
s
o
il
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
o
v
e
r
g
r
az
in
g
o
f
ten
ass
o
ciate
d
with
h
ig
h
m
a
n
u
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ca
n
co
m
p
ac
t t
h
e
s
o
il a
n
d
d
am
a
g
e
th
e
v
e
g
etatio
n
c
o
v
er
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
e
r
o
s
io
n
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
s
u
ch
as:
i)
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
a
n
u
r
e
,
ii)
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
o
il
co
n
s
e
r
v
atio
n
p
r
ac
tices,
s
u
ch
as
v
e
g
etatio
n
co
v
er
an
d
ter
r
ac
es
,
an
d
iii)
A
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
cr
o
p
r
o
tatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
m
in
im
ize
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
s
o
il h
ea
lth
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
u
ltit
em
p
o
r
a
l
an
aly
s
es
o
f
s
atellite
im
ag
es
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
an
d
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
al
lo
w
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
e
g
etatio
n
co
v
er
a
n
d
class
if
y
in
g
th
em
in
to
p
r
e
-
estab
lis
h
ed
ca
teg
o
r
ies
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
co
w
m
a
n
u
r
e
c
an
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
a
b
le.
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
co
m
p
ac
ts
th
e
s
o
il,
r
ed
u
ce
s
its
p
o
r
o
s
ity
,
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
r
u
n
o
f
f
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
an
u
r
e
ca
n
alter
s
o
il
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
v
eg
etatio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
e
x
ac
er
b
atin
g
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
m
an
u
r
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
is
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
s
o
il e
r
o
s
io
n
.
4
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
o
f
un
s
up
e
rv
is
ed
cla
s
s
if
ica
t
io
n
Un
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
in
Ar
cGI
S
was
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
id
en
tify
in
g
lan
d
co
v
er
class
es
an
d
d
etec
tin
g
ar
ea
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
im
a
g
e
p
ix
els
in
to
s
p
ec
tr
al
class
es,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
z
o
n
es,
v
eg
etatio
n
c
o
v
er
,
an
d
w
ater
b
o
d
ies.
W
h
ile
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
it
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
b
asis
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
cr
itical
ar
ea
s
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
er
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
im
ag
es
m
ay
h
av
e
lim
ited
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
s
m
all
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
lan
d
c
o
v
er
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
u
s
e
h
i
g
h
er
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
im
a
g
er
y
an
d
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
class
if
icatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
as
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
o
v
e
r
g
r
az
in
g
an
d
m
an
u
r
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
o
n
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
,
s
p
atially
ex
p
licit
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
g
u
id
e
tar
g
eted
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
4
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
re
m
o
t
e
da
t
a
a
nd
f
ield o
bs
er
v
a
t
io
ns
Valid
atio
n
with
f
ield
d
ata
wa
s
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Field
v
is
i
ts
allo
wed
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
an
d
d
eta
iled
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
i
n
s
itu
d
ata
an
d
th
o
s
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
s
atellite
im
ag
er
y
.
T
h
e
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
ata
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
s
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
v
alid
ates
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
f
ield
v
is
its
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
3
6
0
-
5
3
7
0
5368
4
.
4
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
f
o
r
er
o
s
io
n m
a
na
g
e
m
ent
a
nd
m
i
t
ig
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
a
v
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
er
o
s
io
n
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
er
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es
an
d
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
m
an
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices.
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
an
u
r
e,
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
s
o
il
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
p
lan
n
in
g
o
f
p
astu
r
e
r
o
tatio
n
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
.
T
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
o
i
l
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
il
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
v
eg
etatio
n
r
eg
e
n
er
atio
n
.
So
il
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
is
ess
en
tial
to
m
ain
tain
f
er
tili
ty
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
an
d
to
p
r
o
tect
wate
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
f
ar
m
er
s
i
m
p
lem
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
m
an
u
r
e
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
o
s
tin
g
o
r
r
eg
u
lar
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
,
to
m
in
im
ize
m
an
u
r
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
er
o
s
io
n
r
is
k
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
o
il
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
p
r
ac
tices,
s
u
ch
as
co
n
to
u
r
p
l
o
win
g
o
r
ter
r
ac
in
g
,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
tab
ilize
s
lo
p
es a
n
d
p
r
e
v
en
t so
il lo
s
s
.
4
.
5
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
a
nd
a
re
a
s
f
o
r
f
uture
re
s
ea
rc
h
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
ag
es
m
ay
n
o
t
h
av
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
all
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
,
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
m
ay
h
av
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
th
e
r
ea
lity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
er
o
s
io
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
co
w
m
an
u
r
e,
with
o
u
t
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
er
o
s
io
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
co
u
ld
u
s
e
h
ig
h
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
ag
e
r
y
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
class
if
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
.
I
t
wo
u
ld
also
b
e
v
alu
ab
le
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
liv
esto
ck
m
an
a
g
em
e
n
t
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
d
class
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
y
h
av
e
r
esu
lted
in
s
o
m
e
m
is
class
if
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
ar
ea
s
with
m
ix
e
d
lan
d
co
v
er
ty
p
es
o
r
s
u
b
tle
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
er
o
s
io
n
s
ev
er
ity
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
co
u
l
d
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
o
r
h
y
b
r
i
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
class
if
icatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
in
Ar
cGI
S
to
ass
ess
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ca
ttle
r
an
ch
i
n
g
in
m
ix
ed
g
r
az
in
g
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
atellite
im
ag
er
y
a
n
d
f
ield
d
ata
allo
w
ed
f
o
r
th
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
a
n
d
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
ar
ea
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
an
d
s
o
il
d
e
g
r
ad
at
io
n
.
Un
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
d
class
if
icatio
n
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
b
etwe
en
e
r
o
s
io
n
zo
n
es,
v
eg
etatio
n
co
v
er
,
an
d
wate
r
b
o
d
ies
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
p
atter
n
s
in
m
an
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
its
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
s
o
il.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
ex
ten
s
iv
e
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
v
e
g
etatio
n
c
o
v
er
an
d
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
er
o
s
io
n
,
a
f
f
e
ctin
g
s
o
il
h
ea
lth
a
n
d
wate
r
q
u
ality
.
Field
v
alid
atio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
em
o
te
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
to
im
p
lem
en
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
t
ices.
Stra
teg
ies
s
u
ch
as
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
an
u
r
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
s
o
il
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
o
il
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
b
asis
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
o
licies th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
an
d
liv
esto
ck
lan
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
s
cien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
ity
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
d
etailed
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
m
an
u
r
e
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
s
o
il
er
o
s
io
n
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
d
r
o
n
e
-
b
ased
im
ag
er
y
an
d
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
class
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
er
o
s
io
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Fo
r
p
r
ac
tical
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
v
a
lu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
liv
esto
ck
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
o
f
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
an
u
r
e
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
s
o
il
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
s
u
ch
as r
em
o
te
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
is
cr
u
cial
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
an
d
liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
in
g
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
allo
w
f
o
r
an
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
o
il
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
m
itig
atin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tes
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
in
th
e
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
a
n
d
liv
esto
ck
s
ec
to
r
.
I
t
is
ess
en
tial
to
co
n
tin
u
e
in
v
esti
n
g
in
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
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