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[
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T
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I
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J
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14
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Dec
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cu
s
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
lead
in
g
to
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
in
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
5
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
co
n
tex
t
u
al
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
ar
e
also
ev
id
en
t,
as
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
k
i
lls
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
n
atio
n
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
t
ex
ts
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
Ko
Ko
Hs
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
Ger
m
an
y
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ts
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
k
ills
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
1
3
]
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
a
l
an
d
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
to
o
ls
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
d
e
f
icien
cies
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
a
r
ea
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
alig
n
with
cu
r
r
icu
lar
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
[
1
4
]
.
At
th
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
lev
el,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
ca
les
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
f
ac
es
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ch
allen
g
es.
First,
th
er
e
is
d
if
f
icu
lty
in
r
ea
c
h
in
g
a
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
w
h
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
wo
r
d
in
g
o
f
item
s
an
d
th
e
d
elim
itatio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
tu
d
ie
s
s
h
o
w
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
(
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
,
item
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
th
e
o
r
y
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
)
,
wh
ich
co
m
p
licates
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
o
f
q
u
ality
cr
iter
ia.
An
o
th
er
r
e
cu
r
r
in
g
c
h
allen
g
e
is
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alid
ity
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
s
ca
les
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
n
u
r
s
in
g
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
r
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
.
L
im
itatio
n
s
ar
e
also
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
lin
k
b
et
wee
n
th
e
s
co
r
es
o
b
tain
ed
a
n
d
ac
tu
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
r
esear
c
h
task
s
,
wh
ich
ca
lls
in
to
q
u
esti
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
Mo
s
t
r
esear
ch
s
ca
les
ar
e
v
alid
ated
in
lim
ited
n
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
h
i
n
d
er
in
g
in
te
r
n
ati
o
n
al
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alid
atio
n
,
an
d
d
iv
e
r
s
e
s
am
p
les
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
eir
g
l
o
b
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h c
o
m
pet
encies in hig
her
educa
t
io
n
Un
iv
er
s
ities
to
d
ay
m
u
s
t
r
ed
e
f
in
e
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
er
s
as
r
esear
ch
er
s
wh
ile
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
r
esear
ch
c
o
m
p
eten
ci
es
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
r
ev
o
lv
e
ar
o
u
n
d
two
k
ey
ax
es:
i)
in
q
u
ir
y
,
wh
ic
h
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
o
b
lem
atiza
tio
n
a
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
;
a
n
d
ii)
ac
ad
em
ic
-
s
cien
tific
wr
itin
g
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
s
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
r
eq
u
ir
es
id
e
n
tify
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
aly
zin
g
id
ea
s
,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
—
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
f
o
s
ter
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
d
is
co
v
er
y
,
a
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
s
k
il
ls
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al,
an
d
s
cien
tific
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
esp
ec
ially
in
STE
M
a
n
d
h
ea
lth
s
cien
ce
s
.
Stu
d
y
b
y
Ad
ed
o
k
u
n
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
,
to
g
eth
er
with
r
esear
ch
s
el
f
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
ar
e
k
e
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
asp
ir
atio
n
s
in
r
esear
ch
,
ac
tin
g
as
m
ed
iato
r
s
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
r
et
en
tio
n
in
s
cien
tific
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
Fo
r
th
eir
p
ar
t,
Feld
o
n
et
a
l
.
[
2
0
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
co
m
b
in
ed
with
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
k
ills
,
s
u
ch
as
h
y
p
o
th
esis
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
an
d
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
.
L
ik
ewise,
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
at
ac
tiv
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
c
h
as
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
in
q
u
ir
y
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
c
r
ea
tiv
e
t
h
in
k
in
g
an
d
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lex
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
.
T
a
k
en
to
g
et
h
er
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
in
teg
r
ate
r
esear
c
h
tr
ain
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
ac
tical,
in
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
,
a
n
d
r
e
f
lectiv
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
f
o
s
ter
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
cien
tific
cu
ltu
r
e
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
f
r
o
m
e
m
er
g
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cio
-
tr
ain
in
g
,
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
lex
th
in
k
in
g
,
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
,
an
d
eth
ical
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
in
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
co
n
tex
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
is
ac
h
iev
ed
,
wh
ich
em
p
o
wer
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
f
in
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ac
ad
em
ic
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
class
r
o
o
m
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
s
o
cio
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
r
esea
r
ch
co
m
p
eten
ce
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
q
u
ir
es
a
d
ee
p
ly
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
,
eth
ic
al,
an
d
tr
an
s
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
v
iews
o
f
r
esear
c
h
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
m
er
e
ac
cu
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
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ea
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p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
with
r
elev
an
t
r
esu
lts
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
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liv
in
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n
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itio
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is
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co
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lex
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o
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m
ativ
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r
o
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s
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ased
o
n
th
e
ar
ticu
latio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
attitu
d
e
s
th
at
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
t
wit
h
r
elev
an
ce
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
s
o
ci
al,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es.
S
o
cio
-
tr
ain
in
g
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
co
m
p
lex
th
i
n
k
in
g
as
a
n
e
p
is
tem
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
an
in
te
g
r
ativ
e
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
t
o
r
f
r
ag
m
en
tar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
L
ik
ewise,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
life
p
r
o
ject
as
a
t
r
an
s
v
er
s
al
ax
is
o
f
r
esear
ch
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
o
r
ien
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ac
tio
n
s
to
war
d
s
a
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
g
o
o
d
,
in
clu
s
io
n
,
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice,
an
d
ca
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
lo
g
ic
is
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
th
at
f
av
o
r
s
th
e
co
-
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
co
n
tex
ts
s
tu
d
ied
.
All
th
is
i
s
ar
ticu
lat
ed
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
tr
ain
in
g
,
wh
er
e
r
esear
c
h
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
b
o
th
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
co
llectiv
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
f
r
am
ed
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
s
o
cio
-
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
v
is
io
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
ce
n
ter
e
d
o
n
eth
ics,
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
iv
e
ac
tio
n
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
n
alter
n
at
iv
e
th
at
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
c
h
allen
g
es
o
f
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
o
ciety
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
E
m
p
h
asize
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
is
ess
en
tial
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
g
en
er
ate
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
f
ac
e
co
m
p
lex
ch
allen
g
es a
n
d
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
th
eir
d
is
cip
lin
es.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
f
o
r
m
c
r
i
tical
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
citize
n
s
,
ap
p
ly
in
g
i
n
v
esti
g
ativ
e
th
i
n
k
in
g
in
e
v
er
y
d
ay
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ad
e
q
u
ate
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
f
o
s
ter
s
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
ess
e
n
tial
elem
en
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t,
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
p
lay
a
k
e
y
r
o
le
in
g
en
e
r
atin
g
a
n
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
is
co
n
s
tan
tly
g
r
o
win
g
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
s
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
[
2
4
]
.
Face
d
with
th
e
c
o
n
s
tan
t
c
h
an
g
es
a
n
d
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
in
g
s
o
ciety
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
cu
ltiv
ate
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
em
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
eir
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
an
d
a
d
d
r
es
s
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
B
y
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
in
g
th
ese
s
k
ills
,
th
e
y
a
r
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
to
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
ir
d
is
cip
lin
es a
n
d
s
o
ciety
[
2
5
]
.
L
ik
ewise,
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
in
ce
th
e
y
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ap
p
ly
s
cien
tific
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
o
id
en
tify
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
an
d
i
n
ter
p
r
et
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
i
n
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
b
y
th
e
s
cien
tific
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
at
teac
h
in
g
in
teg
r
ates
r
esear
ch
in
an
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
m
an
n
er
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
a
n
d
with
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
No
wad
a
y
s
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
n
ee
d
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
to
r
esp
o
n
d
in
a
cr
itical
an
d
well
-
f
o
u
n
d
e
d
m
an
n
e
r
to
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
eir
tr
an
s
v
er
s
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
in
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
r
ef
lect,
m
a
n
ag
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
f
ac
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
r
esear
ch
in
a
tr
an
s
v
er
s
al
an
d
l
o
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
m
an
n
er
in
th
eir
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
tr
ain
h
ig
h
ly
co
m
p
eten
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
a
g
lo
b
alize
d
an
d
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
cu
r
r
en
t
p
r
ac
tice
is
f
ar
f
r
o
m
th
is
id
ea
l.
Alth
o
u
g
h
r
esear
ch
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
ess
en
tial
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
aim
ed
at
g
en
er
atin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
m
ee
t
s
o
cial
d
em
an
d
s
an
d
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
th
e
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
its
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
is
s
til
l
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
lim
ited
.
T
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
is
ag
g
r
av
ated
b
y
lo
w
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
in
v
estme
n
t
in
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
Per
u
is
th
e
lo
west
in
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
(
0
.
1
%
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
d
o
m
esti
c
p
r
o
d
u
ct
)
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
r
estrictio
n
s
,
r
ec
en
t
p
o
licies
p
r
o
m
o
ted
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Su
p
er
in
ten
d
e
n
cy
s
ee
k
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
esear
ch
cu
ltu
r
e
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
it
is
a
p
ath
th
at
is
s
till
h
alf
way
,
an
d
it is
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
to
th
ei
r
r
esear
ch
[
2
6
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
is
a
p
r
io
r
ity
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
p
lay
a
lead
in
g
r
o
le
in
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
b
ec
o
m
e
esp
ec
ially
r
elev
an
t
g
iv
en
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et,
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
f
ac
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
ch
allen
g
es.
2
.
2
.
Di
m
ens
io
ns
o
f
re
s
ea
rc
h c
o
m
pet
ency
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
iewe
d
is
an
ar
ticle
o
n
th
e
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
ci
es
d
u
r
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
L
im
a,
Per
u
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies:
an
aly
tical
m
aster
y
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
m
aster
y
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
o
f
R
u
b
io
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
wh
o
co
n
s
id
er
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
g
en
er
al
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
esear
c
h
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
ath
er
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
,
eth
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
wr
itin
g
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
p
ar
t,
Me
r
m
a
[
3
2
]
estab
lis
h
es
f
iv
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
:
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
ea
r
ch
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
m
aster
y
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
m
aster
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
wo
r
k
in
a
team
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
r
esear
c
h
er
s
k
ills
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
g
n
itiv
e,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ica
l,
r
esear
ch
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
team
wo
r
k
ab
ilit
ies
[
3
3
]
.
Af
ter
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t scien
tific
ar
ticles,
f
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
8
8
7
-
4
9
0
2
4890
2
.
2
.
1
.
E
pis
t
em
ic
k
no
wledg
e
I
t
is
th
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
th
at
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
s
tain
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
h
as
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
,
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
,
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
at
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
a
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
s
cien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
cien
tific
m
eth
o
d
[
3
4
]
–
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
is
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
im
p
lies
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
lim
its
,
an
d
s
co
p
e
o
f
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
I
t
also
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
cr
itically
an
aly
ze
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
j
u
s
tify
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ch
o
ices,
an
d
s
itu
ate
o
n
e’
s
r
esear
ch
with
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
s
cien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
E
p
is
tem
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
en
t
s
to
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
er
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
th
e
ac
tiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
it,
en
g
a
g
in
g
with
s
cien
tific
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
,
q
u
esti
o
n
in
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
to
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t o
f
th
eir
f
iel
d
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
I
nte
rpre
t
a
t
io
n sk
ills
W
h
en
r
esear
ch
in
g
,
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
h
o
ws
s
u
f
f
icien
t
s
k
ills
to
i
n
ter
p
r
et
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
is
in
t
er
p
r
etatio
n
s
k
ill
o
cc
u
r
s
at
a
n
ad
v
an
ce
d
lev
el
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
cr
itical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
q
u
alitati
v
e
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
s
tu
d
ies.
I
t
also
im
p
lies
o
r
g
a
n
i
zin
g
an
d
e
v
alu
atin
g
d
ata
an
d
p
r
esen
tin
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
,
with
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
in
ter
p
r
eti
v
e
s
k
ills
in
s
cien
tific
co
n
tex
ts
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
y
to
an
al
y
ze
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata,
id
en
tif
y
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
p
a
tter
n
s
,
estab
lis
h
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
d
r
aw
s
u
b
s
tan
tiated
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
an
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
k
ills
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
cien
tific
liter
ac
y
,
as
th
ey
en
ab
le
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
o
r
g
a
n
ize
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
b
u
t
also
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
its
m
ea
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
cien
tific
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
[
3
7
]
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
ica
l
k
no
wledg
e
I
t
r
ef
er
s
t
o
th
e
d
o
m
ain
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
m
u
s
t
p
o
s
s
ess
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
to
o
ls
,
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
to
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
o
r
o
b
ject
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
As
well
as
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
s
o
f
b
o
t
h
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
ey
also
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
to
ass
ess
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
to
co
llect
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
m
aster
s
th
e
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
e
[
3
8
]
.
I
t
also
en
tails
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
ju
s
tify
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ch
o
ices,
ap
p
ly
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
ig
o
r
a
n
d
co
h
er
e
n
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
I
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n ma
na
g
ement
Fro
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
tex
t
an
aly
tics
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
as
a
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
i
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
im
p
lies
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
o
r
g
an
ize,
an
aly
ze
,
an
d
u
s
e
u
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
elev
an
t
t
o
th
eir
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
f
ield
.
I
t
is
r
elate
d
to
id
en
tify
in
g
p
atter
n
s
,
k
ey
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
,
wh
ich
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
[
3
9
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
an
d
,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
is
n
o
t
r
e
d
u
ce
d
to
a
tech
n
ical
t
ask
,
b
u
t
c
o
n
s
titu
tes
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
co
m
p
eten
ce
th
at
ar
ticu
lates
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
in
te
r
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
th
i
n
k
in
g
to
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
d
ata
i
n
to
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l a
n
d
a
p
p
licab
le
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
4
0
]
.
2
.
2
.
5
.
Scient
if
ic
co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n
Scien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
as
a
k
ey
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
co
m
p
eten
ce
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
e
x
p
r
ess
clea
r
ly
,
ac
cu
r
ately
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ly
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
b
u
t
also
to
ex
er
cise
a
cr
itical
s
tan
ce
a
g
ai
n
s
t
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
id
e
o
lo
g
ical
m
an
i
p
u
latio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
esp
ec
ially
in
co
n
tex
ts
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
p
o
s
t
-
t
r
u
th
,
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
d
is
tr
u
s
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atin
g
s
cien
tific
ally
r
eq
u
ir
es
tr
ain
in
g
r
esear
c
h
er
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
s
tain
in
g
th
e
leg
iti
m
ac
y
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
in
h
o
s
tile
m
ed
ia
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
eth
ical,
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies co
m
m
itted
to
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
p
u
b
lic
d
ialo
g
u
e
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
:
h
o
w
ca
n
a
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
s
ca
le
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
d
v
alid
ated
to
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
ass
es
s
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
th
e
Per
u
v
ian
co
n
tex
t?
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
t
o
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
v
alid
ate
a
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
s
ca
le
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
ass
ess
in
g
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
Per
u
v
ian
c
o
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
es
is
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
:
t
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
et
r
ic
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
ed
will
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ad
eq
u
ate
lev
els
o
f
co
n
ten
t
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
,
as
well
as
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
th
e
r
eb
y
en
ab
li
n
g
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies in
Per
u
v
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
;
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
h
as
as
its
ce
n
tr
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
to
id
en
tif
y
an
d
d
etail
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
in
h
er
en
t
to
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
p
h
en
o
m
en
a,
v
ar
iab
les,
o
r
ev
en
ts
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
tex
t.
A
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
p
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
r
esea
r
ch
…
(
C
a
r
men
Ju
lia
d
e
l
o
s
Mil
a
g
r
o
s
Lu
p
erd
i
-
R
o
má
n
)
4891
ca
lled
“
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
ce
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
ca
le
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
”
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ca
le,
an
d
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
ex
p
e
r
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
was
u
s
ed
as
a
cr
iter
io
n
.
I
n
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
itial
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
was
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
its
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
was
also
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
ev
id
en
ce
r
elate
d
to
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
id
e
n
tify
t
h
e
laten
t
v
a
r
iab
les
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
a
s
et
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
a
b
l
e
v
ar
iab
les
(
item
s
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le,
co
n
f
ir
m
at
o
r
y
f
a
ct
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
was a
p
p
lied
to
esti
m
ate
an
d
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
h
e
o
r
etica
l m
o
d
el
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
[
4
2
]
.
3
.
1
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
a
l
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
L
i
m
a
,
Per
u
.
Stra
tifie
d
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
en
s
e,
f
o
r
th
e
E
FA
,
3
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
wer
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
b
u
s
in
ess
s
cien
ce
s
;
h
ea
lth
s
cien
ce
s
;
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
s
cien
ce
s
,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
4
9
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Similar
ly
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
FA
,
2
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
wer
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
:
h
u
m
an
ities
an
d
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
a
r
c
h
itectu
r
e,
wit
h
a
to
tal
o
f
4
4
3
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tr
atif
ied
d
esig
n
e
n
s
u
r
ed
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
th
e
s
am
p
le’
s
r
estrictio
n
to
a
s
in
g
le
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
L
im
a
lim
its
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
Per
u
’
s
d
iv
er
s
e
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
f
o
cu
s
m
ay
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
b
ias,
as st
u
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
r
eg
io
n
s
,
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
ar
ea
s
co
u
ld
p
r
es
en
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
esear
c
h
co
m
p
et
en
cy
p
r
o
f
iles
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
ex
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
E
FA
an
d
C
FA,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tatis
tical
f
o
r
m
u
la
was u
s
ed
:
n
=
Z
2
P
∗
Q
∗
N
ε
2
(
N
−
1
)
+
Z
2
∗
P
∗
Q
Z
=
(1
.
9
6
)
,
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
f
o
r
a
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
l
ev
el
o
f
(
1
–
α)
p
=
(
0
.
5)
,
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
q
=
(
0
.
5)
,
f
ailu
r
e
r
ate
(
q
=
1
–
P)
=
(
0
.
0
5
)
,
t
o
ler
an
ce
to
er
r
o
r
N
=
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
n
=
s
am
p
le
s
ize
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
E
FA
was 2
1
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
3
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
=
(
1
.
96
)
2
(
0
.
5
)
(
0
.
5
)
(
4
92
)
(
0
.
05
)
2
(
4
92
−
1
)
+
(
1
.
96
)
2
(
0
.
5
)
(
0
.
5
)
=
215
.
968
=
216
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
C
FA
was 2
0
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
2
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
=
(
1
.
96
)
2
(
0
.
5
)
(
0
.
5
)
(
443
)
(
0
.
05
)
2
(
443
−
1
)
+
(
1
.
96
)
2
(
0
.
5
)
(
0
.
5
)
=
205
.
9926
=
206
Fin
ally
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
b
y
s
tr
ata
a
n
d
th
e
to
tal
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
a
n
d
C
FA
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sam
p
le
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
t
y
p
e
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
sc
h
o
o
l
s
S
u
b
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
r
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
st
r
a
t
u
m
S
a
mp
l
e
b
y
s
t
r
a
t
u
m
=
×
To
t
a
l
samp
l
e
EFA
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss s
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
1
5
7
69
2
1
6
H
e
a
l
t
h
sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
1
8
6
82
P
o
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
1
4
9
65
S
u
b
t
o
t
a
l
4
9
2
C
F
A
H
u
ma
n
i
t
i
e
s
2
9
8
1
3
9
2
0
6
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
1
4
5
67
S
u
b
t
o
t
a
l
4
4
3
3
.2
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
in
itial
item
s
wa
s
b
ased
o
n
a
cr
itical
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
ialized
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
la
r
,
th
e
m
o
d
els
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
wer
e
tak
en
as
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
asis
,
wh
ic
h
ad
d
r
ess
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ep
is
tem
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
s
k
ills
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
,
an
d
s
cien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
k
ey
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
escr
ip
to
r
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
g
u
id
ed
th
e
in
itial
d
r
af
tin
g
o
f
th
e
item
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
with
th
e
d
ef
in
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
a
n
d
th
eir
r
elev
an
ce
to
th
e
Per
u
v
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
c
o
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
eo
r
etica
lly
in
f
o
r
m
ed
a
n
d
c
o
n
tex
tu
alize
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
item
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
8
8
7
-
4
9
0
2
4892
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ai
m
ed
to
ass
ess
f
iv
e
co
r
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
c
e:
ep
is
tem
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
k
ills
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
s
cien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
itially
,
a
to
tal
o
f
7
1
item
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
a
s
:
1
8
item
s
f
o
r
th
e
ep
is
tem
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
,
1
0
f
o
r
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
r
o
f
i
cien
cy
,
1
9
f
o
r
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
,
1
2
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
a
n
d
1
2
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
s
cien
tific
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t L
ik
er
t scale
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
p
tio
n
s
: 1
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
)
,
2
(
d
is
ag
r
e
e)
,
3
(
n
eith
er
ag
r
ee
n
o
r
d
is
ag
r
ee
)
,
4
(
ag
r
ee
)
,
a
n
d
5
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
.
A
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
co
n
d
u
cted
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
b
o
th
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
es.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
f
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
3
7
item
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
iv
e
clea
r
ly
d
e
f
in
ed
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
r
f
a
cto
r
s
.
3
.3
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
3
.
3
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
1
:
e
v
idence
ba
s
e
d o
n sca
le
co
nte
nt
T
h
e
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
-
b
ased
ev
id
en
ce
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
task
with
in
t
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
as
i
t
aim
s
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
p
e
r
tin
en
ce
,
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
a
n
d
g
r
am
m
atica
l
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
item
s
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
th
e
o
r
etic
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
as
well
as
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
id
io
m
atic
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
a
tio
n
o
f
e
x
p
er
t
ju
d
g
es
with
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
in
te
r
est
an
d
/o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
was c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
s
tep
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Pér
ez
an
d
Ma
r
tín
ez
[
4
4
]
wer
e
f
o
llo
wed
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
d
etailed
as
:
−
Def
in
itio
n
o
f
o
b
jectiv
es:
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
ev
alu
ati
n
g
th
e
s
ca
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
e
r
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t.
C
r
iter
ia
s
u
ch
as
p
er
tin
en
ce
,
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
an
d
g
r
am
m
atica
l
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
to
e
v
alu
ate
t
h
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le,
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
th
e
co
n
t
ex
t,
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
.
−
Selectio
n
o
f
ju
d
g
es,
cr
iter
ia
s
u
ch
as
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
ev
en
j
u
d
g
es
wer
e
s
elec
ted
,
f
iv
e
o
f
wh
o
m
wer
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
th
em
atic
f
ield
,
an
d
two
s
p
ec
ialized
in
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ated
v
o
lu
n
tar
ily
.
T
h
e
s
e
ex
p
er
ts
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
an
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
f
o
r
m
s
,
th
e
v
a
r
iab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
m
atr
ix
(
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
d
th
e
d
e
f
in
itio
n
o
f
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
in
d
icat
o
r
s
,
an
d
item
s
)
,
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
ca
le,
an
d
th
e
ce
r
tific
ate
o
f
co
n
ten
t v
alid
ity
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es th
e
c
r
iter
ia
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
.
−
E
s
tab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
i
tem
s
o
r
r
ea
g
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
:
i)
it
was
ev
al
u
ated
wh
eth
er
th
e
item
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
m
u
lated
;
ii)
i
t
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
wh
eth
er
th
e
item
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
r
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
;
a
n
d
iii)
t
h
e
s
t
at
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
item
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
o
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
(
co
n
cise,
ex
a
ct,
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
)
.
−
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
co
r
d
a
n
ce
b
etwe
en
ju
d
g
es:
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
Aik
en
’
s
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
co
ef
f
icien
t
V
was
u
s
ed
as
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
em
in
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
item
s
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
P
ha
s
e
2
:
e
v
idence
ba
s
e
d o
n t
he
co
ns
t
ruct
o
f
t
he
s
ca
le
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
c
o
llect
d
ata
ass
o
ciate
d
with
e
ac
h
o
f
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
in
to
f
ac
t
o
r
s
o
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iate
s
tatis
t
ical
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
ig
itized
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ated
its
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
ac
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
W
h
atsAp
p
,
Mo
o
d
le,
an
d
/o
r
em
ail
.
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
wer
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t E
x
ce
l
an
d
SP
SS
s
tati
s
tical
s
o
f
twar
e
v
er
s
io
n
27.
−
E
FA
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e,
th
e
d
ata
c
o
l
lecte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
wer
e
s
u
b
je
cted
to
an
E
FA
to
id
en
tify
h
o
w
th
e
ite
m
s
ar
e
s
tati
s
tically
g
r
o
u
p
ed
an
d
to
f
o
r
m
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
to
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
o
in
itiate
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
v
er
if
ied
,
wh
ich
wo
u
l
d
allo
w
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
.
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
f
iv
e
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
al
h
y
p
o
th
eses
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
v
er
i
f
y
th
at
ea
ch
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
—
ep
is
tem
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
H1
)
,
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
s
k
ills
(
H2
)
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
H3
)
,
s
cien
tific
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
H4
)
,
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
H5
)
—
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates sig
n
if
ican
t c
o
n
s
t
r
u
ct
v
alid
ity
with
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
i
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
ed
two
k
ey
s
tatis
tical
test
s
:
B
ar
tlet
t
’
s
test
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
is
test
ev
alu
ates
wh
eth
er
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ho
)
s
tates
th
at
th
e
item
s
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
wh
ile
th
e
alter
n
a
tiv
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ha)
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
e
b
et
wee
n
th
em
,
wh
ich
wo
u
ld
allo
w
th
em
to
b
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
A
p
-
v
al
u
e
o
f
less
th
an
5
%
i
n
d
ic
ates
r
ejec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
h
ig
h
v
alu
atio
n
b
etwe
en
item
s
[
4
5
]
.
Kaiser
-
Me
y
e
r
-
Olk
in
(
K
MO
)
test
ev
alu
ates
s
am
p
lin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
p
ar
tial
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
item
s
.
Acc
ep
tab
le
v
alu
es
f
o
r
an
E
FA
ar
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
0
.
7
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
8
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Desig
n
a
n
d
p
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
r
esea
r
ch
…
(
C
a
r
men
Ju
lia
d
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l
o
s
Mil
a
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r
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Lu
p
erd
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-
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o
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)
4893
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ic
al
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
in
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
o
th
B
ar
tlett’s
test
an
d
th
e
KM
O
in
d
ex
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
an
d
s
am
p
lin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
[
4
5
]
–
[
4
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e,
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
lik
elih
o
o
d
(
ML
)
m
eth
o
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
th
e
item
s
th
at
p
r
esen
t
g
r
ea
ter
s
im
ilar
ity
in
th
eir
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
io
n
u
s
ed
was
th
e
r
eten
tio
n
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
with
eig
en
v
alu
es
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
1
[
4
8
]
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
m
atr
ix
was
in
itially
ca
lcu
lated
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ly
,
an
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
r
o
tatio
n
was
ap
p
lied
u
s
in
g
th
e
Var
im
ax
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
o
p
ti
m
izes
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
.
I
tem
s
w
ith
lo
ad
in
g
s
h
ig
h
er
th
an
0
.
4
we
r
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
al
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
o
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
u
g
g
est
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
g
r
o
u
p
at
least
3
item
s
o
r
wh
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
s
ar
e
e
q
u
al
to
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
3
[
3
8
]
.
−
C
FA
On
ce
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
wer
e
p
r
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ied
,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
r
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
p
r
es
en
t
in
t
h
e
d
ata
an
d
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
AM
OS
s
o
f
twar
e
v
er
s
io
n
2
6
.
T
h
e
ML
esti
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
ed
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
in
d
ices:
χ²/g
l,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
a
r
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A
)
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
a
r
e
r
esid
u
al
(
S
R
MR)
,
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
e
x
(
C
FI
)
,
T
u
ck
er
-
L
ewis
I
n
d
e
x
(
T
L
I
)
,
a
d
ju
s
ted
g
lo
b
al
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
in
d
ex
(
AGFI
)
,
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
in
d
ex
(
GF
I
)
,
an
d
n
o
r
m
e
d
f
it
in
d
ex
(
N
FI
)
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
g
en
er
ated
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
i
ce
s
,
b
o
th
g
lo
b
al
an
d
in
c
r
em
e
n
tal,
wh
ich
allo
w
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
with
th
e
em
p
ir
ic
al
d
ata
[
4
9
]
.
A
f
t
e
r
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
,
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
g
o
o
d
n
e
s
s
-
of
-
f
i
t
i
n
d
i
c
es
a
n
al
y
z
e
d
w
e
r
e
t
h
e
SR
MR
a
n
d
t
h
e
R
M
S
E
A
.
T
h
e
S
R
MR
i
n
d
e
x
t
a
k
es
v
a
l
u
es
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
t
o
1
a
n
d
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
w
h
e
n
i
t
i
s
l
ess
t
h
a
n
0
.
0
8
(
<
0
.
0
8
)
.
I
n
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
,
t
h
e
R
MSE
A
i
n
d
e
x
,
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
l
y
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
SR
MR
,
is
c
a
l
c
u
la
t
e
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
y
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
tl
y
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
ly
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
z
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
A
n
R
M
S
E
A
v
a
l
u
e
(
l
es
s
t
h
an
0
.
0
8
)
<
0
.
0
8
i
s
a
ls
o
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
B
o
t
h
i
n
d
i
c
es
ass
e
s
s
h
o
w
w
el
l
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
f
i
ts
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
k
e
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
o
f
v
a
l
i
d
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
i
n
d
ices
an
aly
ze
d
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
g
lo
b
al
a
n
d
in
c
r
em
en
tal
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
wh
ich
allo
w
u
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
T
h
u
s
,
we
h
av
e
th
e
GFI
,
w
h
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
o
tal
v
ar
ian
ce
-
co
v
ar
ia
n
ce
e
x
p
l
ain
ed
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
in
d
ex
v
ar
ies
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
1
,
wh
e
r
e
a
v
alu
e
g
r
ea
te
r
th
an
0
.
9
0
i
n
d
icate
s
an
ad
eq
u
a
te
f
it.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
AGFI
is
an
ad
ju
s
ted
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
GFI
in
d
ex
t
h
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
esti
m
ated
in
th
e
m
o
d
el,
with
s
im
ilar
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
cr
iter
ia:
v
alu
es
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
9
0
in
d
icate
a
g
o
o
d
f
it.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
C
FI
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
with
a
n
u
ll m
o
d
el
lack
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
L
i
k
e
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
o
n
es
,
t
h
e
C
F
I
i
n
d
e
x
v
a
r
i
es
b
et
w
e
e
n
0
a
n
d
1
,
w
it
h
v
a
l
u
es
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
0
.
9
0
(
>
0
.
9
0
)
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
es
a
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
o
r
y
f
i
t
.
F
o
r
i
t
s
p
a
r
t
,
t
h
e
T
u
c
k
e
r
-
L
e
wi
s
I
n
c
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
l
I
n
d
e
x
(
T
L
I
)
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
f
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
,
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
i
ts
p
a
r
s
i
m
o
n
y
,
p
e
n
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
m
o
d
e
ls
wi
t
h
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
it
y
.
I
t
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
,
w
i
t
h
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
b
o
v
e
0
.
9
0
i
n
d
i
c
at
i
n
g
a
g
o
o
d
f
i
t
.
F
i
n
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
N
F
I
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
b
es
t
f
i
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
with
a
n
u
ll m
o
d
el.
L
ik
e
th
e
o
t
h
er
in
cr
em
e
n
tal
in
d
ices,
it c
o
n
s
id
er
s
v
alu
es a
b
o
v
e
0
.
9
0
(
>0
.
9
0
)
as a
cc
ep
tab
le
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
P
ha
s
e
3
:
re
lia
bil
it
y
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ics
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
i
ts
co
n
s
i
s
t
en
cy
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
in
ter
est.
R
eliab
il
ity
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
g
en
er
ate
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cib
le
r
esu
lts
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
is
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
test
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
co
r
es
ac
h
iev
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
ef
lect
th
e
tr
u
e
v
ar
ian
ce
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
ian
ce
[
5
0
]
.
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
co
ef
f
icien
t
k
n
o
wn
as
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
alp
h
a
,
wh
o
s
e
v
alu
e
v
ar
i
es
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
1
.
Valu
es
clo
s
er
to
1
in
d
icate
g
r
ea
ter
in
te
r
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
Geo
r
g
e
-
R
ey
es
et
a
l.
[
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e,
as
a
g
en
er
al
cr
iter
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
class
if
icatio
n
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t:
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
0
.
9
0
is
ex
ce
llen
t,
h
ig
h
er
th
an
0
.
8
0
is
g
o
o
d
,
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
0
.
7
0
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
h
ig
h
er
th
an
0
.
6
0
is
q
u
esti
o
n
ab
le,
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
0
.
5
0
is
p
o
o
r
,
an
d
lo
wer
th
an
0
.
5
0
is
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
4
.1
.
E
v
idence
o
f
co
nte
nt
v
a
li
dity
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
was
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
ex
p
er
t
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t.
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
ju
d
g
es
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
in
o
m
ial
T
est.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
o
f
th
e
d
at
a
(
y
es=1
,
n
o
=
0
)
,
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
co
r
d
an
ce
an
d
,
f
r
o
m
th
is
,
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
item
s
.
I
t
was
estab
lis
h
ed
th
at
if
p
<0
.
0
5
,
th
e
co
n
co
r
d
a
n
ce
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
an
d
t
h
e
item
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
h
av
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
if
p
>0
.
0
5
,
t
h
e
co
n
co
r
d
an
ce
is
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t,
s
o
it
will
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ev
iew
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
an
d
m
ak
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
8
8
7
-
4
9
0
2
4894
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
7
1
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
was
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
s
ix
ex
p
er
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
ese
ex
p
er
ts
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
n
a
two
-
lev
el
s
ca
le
(
y
es=1
a
n
d
n
o
=
0
)
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
b
in
o
m
ial
test
was
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
SS
s
tati
s
ti
ca
l
p
ac
k
ag
e
,
v
er
s
io
n
2
7
.
T
o
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
er
t j
u
d
g
m
en
t,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
y
p
o
th
eses
wer
e
p
u
t f
o
r
war
d
:
Nu
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ho
)
:
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
a
g
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
t
ju
d
g
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ju
d
g
es
wh
o
r
ate
“v
alid
”
o
r
“to
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
”
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
o
f
ju
d
g
es
wh
o
r
ate
“n
o
t
v
alid
”
.
Alter
n
ate
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ha)
:
t
h
er
e
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t a
m
o
n
g
th
e
e
x
p
er
t ju
d
g
es
.
=
(
)
−
P
=
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ex
p
ec
te
d
ca
s
es in
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
q
=
1
-
p
:
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
e
x
p
ec
ted
ca
s
es in
th
e
o
th
er
ca
teg
o
r
y
n
=
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
elem
en
ts
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
eth
er
th
er
e
was
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lev
el
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ju
d
g
es
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
ite
m
s
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ho
)
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
wh
ich
ass
u
m
ed
a
l
ac
k
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ju
d
g
es,
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
alt
er
n
ativ
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ha)
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lev
el
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
ju
d
g
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
,
wh
e
r
e
all
ex
ac
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
v
alu
es
(
b
ilater
al)
ar
e
le
s
s
th
an
0
.
0
1
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
am
o
n
g
th
e
e
x
p
er
ts
o
n
th
e
v
al
id
ity
o
f
th
e
item
s
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
p
=0
.
0
0
1
;
0
.
0
0
3
;
0
.
0
0
3
:
0
.
0
0
2
;
0
.
0
0
3
;
an
d
0
.
0
0
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
is
less
th
an
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
α
=0
.
0
5
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
u
s
to
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
n
u
ll h
y
p
o
th
esis
is
r
ejec
ted
,
an
d
it is
af
f
ir
m
e
d
t
h
at
th
e
item
s
ar
e
ad
eq
u
ate.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cy
ass
ess
m
en
t scale
Ju
d
g
e
s
Ex
a
c
t
si
g
.
(
b
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
)
V
a
l
i
d
n
o
(
p
e
r
l
i
st
)
Ju
d
g
e
1
0
.
0
0
1
71
Ju
d
g
e
2
0
.
0
0
3
71
Ju
d
g
e
3
0
.
0
0
3
71
Ju
d
g
e
4
0
.
0
0
2
71
Ju
d
g
e
5
0
.
0
0
3
71
Ju
d
g
e
6
0
.
0
0
2
71
4
.2
.
F
a
ct
o
ri
a
l c
o
ns
t
ruct
v
a
li
dity
As
a
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
tep
,
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
No
r
m
ality
was
v
er
if
ied
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
–
Sm
ir
n
o
v
test
(
p
=
0
.
2
0
0
>
0
.
0
5
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
On
e
m
is
s
in
g
ca
s
e
was
r
em
o
v
ed
,
an
d
o
u
tlier
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
z
-
s
co
r
es
(
v
alu
es<
–
3
o
r
>3
)
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
two
ca
s
es
(
1
0
5
an
d
1
9
8
)
in
t
h
e
ep
is
tem
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
wer
e
e
x
clu
d
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
2
1
4
v
alid
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
2
1
6
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
aly
s
is
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
c
o
e
f
f
icien
ts
o
b
tain
ed
wer
e
h
ig
h
er
th
an
0
.
7
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
co
r
es r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
v
ar
i
ab
le
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s a
n
d
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s a
l
p
h
a
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
0
.
9
7
9
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
0
.
9
4
9
Ep
i
s
t
e
m
i
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
0.
9
3
9
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
0
.
9
2
2
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
9
3
7
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
s
k
i
l
l
s
0
.
8
3
0
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
a
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
E
FA,
th
e
KM
O
s
a
m
p
lin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
in
d
e
x
was
c
alcu
lated
,
o
b
tain
in
g
a
v
alu
e
clo
s
e
to
1
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
B
ar
lett
’
s
test
o
f
s
p
h
er
icity
y
ield
ed
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
ce
v
alu
e
(
Sig
.
)
o
f
less
th
an
5
%,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t a
n
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
g
l
)
o
f
a
r
o
u
n
d
7
4
1
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
(
item
s
)
a
n
d
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
s
is
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
,
wh
ich
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
v
ali
d
ity
o
f
th
e
test
r
esu
lt.
T
h
e
d
eta
iled
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
a
n
d
p
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
r
esea
r
ch
…
(
C
a
r
men
Ju
lia
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o
s
Mil
a
g
r
o
s
Lu
p
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i
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o
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4895
T
ab
le
4
.
KM
O
in
d
e
x
m
ea
s
u
r
e
Te
st
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
K
M
O
me
a
su
r
e
o
f
sam
p
l
i
n
g
a
d
e
q
u
a
c
y
0
.
9
4
6
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
’
s
t
e
s
t
f
o
r
sp
h
e
r
i
c
i
t
y
A
p
p
r
o
x
.
C
h
i
-
sq
u
a
r
e
6
3
3
4
.
6
0
8
gl
7
4
1
S
i
g
.
0
.
0
0
0
4
.
3
.
E
F
A
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
an
aly
s
is
id
en
tifie
d
f
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
with
in
itial
eig
en
v
alu
es
eq
u
al
to
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
1
[
4
8
]
,
wh
ich
ex
p
lain
ed
5
4
.
0
2
6
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
v
ar
ian
c
e.
E
ac
h
f
ac
to
r
g
r
o
u
p
ed
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
item
s
,
with
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
0
.
4
[
4
7
]
.
T
a
b
le
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
item
s
in
t
h
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
n
ew
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
r
f
a
cto
r
s
.
T
ab
le
5
.
R
o
tated
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
m
atr
ix
I
t
e
ms
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
NO
I
t
e
ms
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
I
t
e
m 4
0
0
.
8
0
7
0
.
0
0
0
I
t
e
m 4
8
0
.
7
8
0
I
t
e
m 4
2
0
.
7
5
4
I
t
e
m 2
9
0
.
3
5
6
0
.
6
5
9
I
t
e
m 4
1
0
.
7
4
4
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t
e
m 0
1
0
.
4
0
6
0
.
6
0
3
I
t
e
m 4
5
0
.
7
0
5
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t
e
m 5
0
0
.
5
9
3
I
t
e
m 3
9
0
.
7
0
3
0
.
3
3
9
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t
e
m 3
0
0
.
5
5
2
0
.
3
9
9
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t
e
m 3
8
0
.
6
1
6
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t
e
m 5
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0
.
5
4
3
0
.
3
9
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t
e
m 3
6
0
.
5
8
1
I
t
e
m 5
4
0
.
4
4
3
0
.
4
9
9
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t
e
m 3
2
0
.
5
7
3
0
.
3
4
8
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t
e
m 6
4
0
.
7
9
4
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t
e
m 4
4
0
.
5
5
6
0
.
3
3
1
I
t
e
m 6
5
0
.
7
9
2
I
t
e
m 1
0
0
.
7
3
0
I
t
e
m 7
0
0
.
6
6
1
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t
e
m 0
9
0
.
7
2
2
I
t
e
m 6
6
0
.
4
3
6
0
.
5
4
7
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t
e
m 0
8
0
.
6
7
0
I
t
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5
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Relia
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T
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Fig
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Fin
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