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=
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e
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a
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d
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o
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v
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y
s
a
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d
fiv
e
in
d
ica
to
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o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
:
v
it
a
li
t
y
,
re
sili
e
n
c
e
,
v
a
l
u
e
s,
m
e
a
n
in
g
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a
n
d
o
p
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n
n
e
ss
to
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h
a
n
g
e
.
Th
e
in
terv
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n
ti
o
n
re
su
lt
e
d
in
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
re
e
k
e
y
i
n
d
ica
t
o
rs:
re
sili
e
n
c
e
,
v
a
lu
e
s,
a
n
d
m
e
a
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
se
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
a
re
li
k
e
ly
t
o
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tri
b
u
te
t
o
b
e
tt
e
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p
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p
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ra
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o
f
fu
t
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re
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d
u
c
a
to
rs
b
y
stre
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
t
h
e
ir
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o
p
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h
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ll
e
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g
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s,
h
e
lp
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th
e
m
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
t
h
e
ir
v
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f
e
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u
c
a
ti
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f
o
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so
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ty
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K
ey
w
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d
s
:
C
h
atb
o
t
C
r
ea
tiv
ity
Fu
tu
r
e
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u
ca
to
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s
On
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co
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e
Sp
ir
itu
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an
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tiv
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T
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is i
s
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CC B
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C
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r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
E
lv
ir
a
Yesh
en
k
u
lo
v
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Ped
ag
o
g
y
an
d
Ps
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ch
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lo
g
y
,
Mir
as Un
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s
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k
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m
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lv
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ail
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co
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
o
n
tem
p
o
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ar
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p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
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ep
ar
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p
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s
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p
ab
le
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o
t
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ly
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f
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f
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tiv
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p
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k
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tio
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in
tellig
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ce
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
tex
t,
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
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f
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u
ca
tio
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al
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p
licatio
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s
ac
q
u
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r
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p
ar
ticu
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if
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p
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allen
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p
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ly
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ac
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s
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p
p
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tu
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ities
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Pre
v
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u
s
r
esear
ch
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s
[
5
]
h
a
v
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d
o
cu
m
en
ted
t
h
at
s
p
ir
itu
ality
m
ed
iates
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s
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ip
b
etwe
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co
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tex
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(
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ac
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s
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m
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in
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icato
r
s
,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
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u
r
al
r
eso
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ce
s
)
a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
well
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b
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.
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h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
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lev
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f
s
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an
in
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e
v
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th
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p
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n
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m
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d
in
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astru
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al
co
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s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
i
s
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t f
in
d
in
g
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
Firstl
y
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
v
ar
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u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
co
n
tex
t
in
wh
ic
h
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
lear
n
in
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
ac
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b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
s
o
cio
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o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
al
r
eso
u
r
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s
[
5
]
.
Seco
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d
ly
,
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
p
ir
itu
ality
b
y
ass
is
tin
g
th
em
in
cu
ltiv
atin
g
th
eir
v
alu
es,
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f
s
,
an
d
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
l
if
e.
T
h
ir
d
l
y
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
v
ar
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s
f
ac
to
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in
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lu
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p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
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well
-
b
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g
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
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ality
[
5
]
will
h
elp
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u
ca
to
r
s
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
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in
clu
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p
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v
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m
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f
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a
ll
s
tu
d
en
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,
r
eg
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f
th
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co
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tex
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I
t
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p
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ted
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is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
5
1
2
9
-
5
1
3
9
5130
a
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
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th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
esil
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o
f
u
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s
tu
d
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d
th
ei
r
lev
el
o
f
s
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[
6
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I
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y
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Dan
iy
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a
l
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[
7
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,
p
s
y
ch
o
g
en
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
h
in
d
er
in
g
th
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ev
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m
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itiv
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tio
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co
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n
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o
f
f
u
tu
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u
ca
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’
s
p
ir
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h
ea
lth
h
av
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b
ee
n
id
en
tifi
ed
.
Desp
ite
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s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
well
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ein
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f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
in
d
icate
th
at
th
is
to
p
ic
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
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n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
s
tu
d
en
t
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
lack
a
s
y
s
tem
ati
c
ap
p
r
o
ac
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d
ev
elo
p
m
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n
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f
th
eir
s
p
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p
o
ten
tial,
h
ig
h
lig
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th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
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in
n
o
v
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m
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s
in
th
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Mo
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9
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ates
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p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
with
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
-
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
y
s
tem
an
d
s
tated
th
at
th
er
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lectu
r
es o
n
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
ti
v
e
p
o
ten
tial.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
h
av
e
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ted
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
o
n
p
er
s
o
n
ality
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
t
ial.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
ta
r
g
eted
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
p
o
ten
tial
th
r
o
u
g
h
cr
ea
tiv
ity
r
em
ain
s
a
p
r
ac
tically
u
n
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
asp
e
ct.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
is
s
u
e
lies
in
th
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
atten
tio
n
g
iv
en
t
o
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
c
h
atb
o
ts
,
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
in
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
-
s
ch
o
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
c
h
atb
o
t,
aim
ed
at
f
o
s
ter
in
g
k
ey
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
well
-
b
ein
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
itality
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
v
alu
es,
m
ea
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
ess
to
ch
a
n
g
e.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast
to
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies,
th
is
wo
r
k
e
v
alu
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ap
p
l
y
in
g
ch
at
b
o
t
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
,
a
cr
itical
y
et
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
an
in
ter
a
ctiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
tili
zin
g
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
th
e
tar
g
et
ed
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
'
s
p
ir
itu
al
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
lear
n
in
g
wh
ile
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ically
ad
ap
ted
to
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
r
ea
lit
ies.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
ality
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
c
o
p
e
with
d
if
f
icu
lties
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
,
it
f
o
llo
ws
th
at
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
s
aim
e
d
at
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
c
r
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
es
an
d
ch
atb
o
ts
ca
n
h
elp
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
etter
co
p
e
with
ad
v
er
s
ities
an
d
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
i
tu
atio
n
s
.
Awa
r
en
ess
o
f
o
n
e'
s
o
wn
v
alu
es
an
d
g
o
als
is
a
k
ey
asp
ec
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
[
1
4
]
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
in
an
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
aim
ed
at
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
m
a
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
ese
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
ality
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
o
n
e
’
s
life
p
ath
a
n
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
o
n
e'
s
ac
tio
n
s
is
ass
o
cia
ted
with
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
life
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
well
-
b
ein
g
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
ality
m
a
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
es a
n
d
ch
at
b
o
ts
m
ay
b
e
o
n
e
way
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
g
o
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
o
s
es
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ch
atb
o
ts
will b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
est
io
n
s
(
R
Q1
-
R
Q5
)
ar
e
aim
ed
at
ex
am
in
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
life
with
g
r
ea
ter
en
th
u
s
iasm
(
R
Q1
)
,
co
p
e
with
ad
v
er
s
ities
an
d
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
itu
at
io
n
s
(
R
Q2
)
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
o
n
e
’
s
life
v
al
u
es
an
d
g
o
als
(
R
Q3
)
,
f
in
d
m
ea
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
tr
u
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
(
R
Q4
)
,
a
n
d
b
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
tiv
ated
an
d
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
ch
an
g
e
(
R
Q5
)
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
o
n
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
l
th
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
Stu
d
en
ts
en
r
o
lled
in
th
e
4
th
y
ea
r
o
f
th
e
Ped
a
g
o
g
y
a
n
d
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
P
r
o
g
r
am
at
two
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
in
Sh
y
m
k
en
t,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
M.
Au
ez
o
v
So
u
th
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
Mir
as
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
wer
e
in
v
ited
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
.
I
n
itially
,
4
8
4
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess
to
p
ar
ticip
ate.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
as:
en
r
o
llm
en
t
in
th
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
y
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
at
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
co
n
s
en
t
to
p
ar
ticip
ate.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
ed
f
ailu
r
e
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
f
a
ilu
r
e
to
co
m
p
lete
at
least o
n
e
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t f
o
r
th
e
co
u
r
s
e,
an
d
atten
d
an
ce
o
f
less
th
an
7
5
% o
f
Z
o
o
m
c
lass
es.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
2
1
6
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
am
p
le
(
g
r
o
u
p
A)
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
2
6
8
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
6
7
m
ales
an
d
2
0
1
f
e
m
ales.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
ag
e
o
f
m
al
es
in
g
r
o
u
p
A
was
2
2
.
8
y
ea
r
s
(
m
in
im
u
m
2
0
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
3
4
y
ea
r
s
)
,
an
d
f
o
r
f
em
ales,
it
was
2
1
.
5
y
ea
r
s
(
m
in
im
u
m
2
0
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
2
6
y
ea
r
s
)
.
Gr
o
u
p
B
(
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
)
(
n
=2
6
6
)
was
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
d
i
d
n
o
t
p
a
r
ticip
ate
in
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
b
u
t
we
r
e
en
r
o
lled
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
(
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
te
n
tial
co
u
r
s
e)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
ag
e
o
f
m
al
es in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
was 2
2
.
2
y
ea
r
s
(
m
in
im
u
m
2
1
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
2
8
y
ea
r
s
)
,
a
n
d
f
o
r
f
em
ales,
it wa
s
2
1
.
8
y
ea
r
s
(
m
in
im
u
m
2
0
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
2
7
y
ea
r
s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Utiliz
a
tio
n
o
f in
n
o
va
tive
e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
…
(
E
lvir
a
Yes
h
en
ku
lo
va
)
5131
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
in
g
r
o
u
p
A
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
2
.
2
.
P
ro
ce
du
re
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
at
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
o
s
e
willin
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
u
n
d
er
wen
t
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
s
ig
n
e
d
a
wr
itten
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
to
p
ar
ti
cip
ate,
an
d
g
ai
n
ed
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
ti
v
e
p
o
ten
tial
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
in
g
r
o
u
p
A
wer
e
b
r
ief
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t p
r
io
r
to
th
e
s
tar
t o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
all
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
its
co
n
d
u
ct.
B
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
te
r
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
w
en
t th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
welln
ess
ass
es
s
m
en
t
.
2
.
3
.
I
nte
rv
ent
io
n
T
h
e
ch
atb
o
t
was
task
ed
with
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
en
d
in
g
n
o
tific
atio
n
s
r
em
in
d
in
g
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
o
f
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
d
ea
d
lin
es,
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
atte
n
d
an
ce
,
c
o
llectin
g
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
s
en
d
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
n
o
tific
atio
n
s
.
Par
ticip
a
n
ts
co
u
ld
ask
th
e
ch
atb
o
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
co
n
ten
t,
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
ter
m
s
,
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
s
wer
s
.
T
h
e
ch
atb
o
t p
r
o
v
id
ed
task
s
an
d
ex
er
cises
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
ch
atb
o
t
was
e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
r
ew
ar
d
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
u
s
in
g
m
o
tiv
atin
g
s
tick
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
“
y
o
u
d
id
a
g
r
ea
t
jo
b
to
d
a
y
”
,
“
k
ee
p
it
u
p
!
”
,
“
g
o
o
d
jo
b
”
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
co
u
ld
also
r
ea
ch
o
u
t to
th
e
ch
at
b
o
t in
ca
s
e
o
f
is
s
u
es with
co
u
r
s
e
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
te
ch
n
ical
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
s
ix
m
o
d
u
les:
i)
cr
ea
tiv
e
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
;
ii)
eth
ics
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t;
iii)
o
r
ato
r
y
a
r
t;
i
v
)
d
e
f
in
in
g
life
g
o
als
an
d
o
r
ie
n
t
atio
n
s
;
v
)
cr
ea
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
teac
h
in
g
;
an
d
v
i)
h
ea
lth
y
l
if
esty
le.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
g
r
an
ted
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
m
o
d
u
les
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
a
s
ch
ed
u
le.
R
esear
ch
er
s
s
elec
ted
m
o
d
u
les
r
elate
d
to
s
p
ir
it
u
ality
,
eth
ics,
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
ity
in
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
a
n
d
c
o
o
r
d
in
ated
th
em
with
two
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
So
m
e
d
o
u
b
ts
ar
o
s
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
d
ed
icate
d
to
o
r
at
o
r
y
ar
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
f
ter
c
o
n
s
u
lta
tio
n
s
with
ex
p
er
ts
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
a
t
in
clu
d
in
g
o
r
at
o
r
y
ar
t
in
v
ir
t
u
al
ev
en
ts
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
r
ich
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
r
o
wth
as
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
f
o
r
wh
o
m
v
o
ice
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
to
o
ls
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial.
On
e
th
e
m
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
o
n
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
u
le.
E
ac
h
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
an
n
e
d
f
iv
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
d
ay
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
m
ater
ials
an
d
co
m
p
leted
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
p
r
ac
ticed
o
r
ato
r
y
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
cr
ea
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
an
d
r
ef
lecte
d
o
n
e
th
ical
is
s
u
es in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le,
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
elec
ted
at
least
o
n
e
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
en
t.
On
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
o
d
u
le
was
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
f
iv
e
wo
r
k
in
g
d
ay
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
to
p
i
c
was
o
r
ato
r
y
.
On
Mo
n
d
ay
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
in
v
itatio
n
t
o
a
liv
e
b
r
o
a
d
c
ast
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
a
r
en
o
wn
e
d
s
p
e
ak
er
o
n
th
e
ar
t
o
f
o
r
ato
r
y
.
F
o
r
4
5
m
in
u
tes,
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
p
r
esen
ted
k
ey
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
n
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tals
o
f
o
r
ato
r
y
,
e
x
p
r
ess
iv
en
ess
,
in
to
n
atio
n
,
a
n
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
s
p
ee
ch
d
eliv
er
y
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
co
u
ld
ask
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
co
m
m
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t.
Af
ter
th
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t,
th
ey
wer
e
ass
ig
n
ed
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
to
r
ea
d
two
q
u
atr
ain
s
f
r
o
m
an
y
wo
r
k
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
in
to
n
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
was a
s
s
es
s
ed
b
y
an
ex
p
er
t.
On
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
ay
,
an
o
th
er
s
p
ea
k
e
r
co
n
d
u
cted
a
v
id
eo
co
n
f
er
en
ce
to
in
s
tr
u
ct
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
o
n
d
icti
o
n
an
d
ar
tic
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ess
io
n
last
ed
1
h
o
u
r
an
d
4
5
m
in
u
tes.
Par
ticip
an
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
with
ex
er
cises
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
d
ictio
n
an
d
ar
ticu
latio
n
.
On
th
e
th
i
r
d
d
a
y
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
v
id
eo
less
o
n
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
is
atio
n
.
T
h
e
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
was
to
ch
o
o
s
e
an
y
m
o
n
o
lo
g
u
e
f
r
o
m
a
f
av
o
r
ite
m
o
v
ie
o
r
T
V
s
er
ies,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
m
in
u
te
i
n
len
g
th
,
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
it
in
th
e
s
am
e
m
an
n
er
as
th
e
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
ies,
an
d
th
e
n
s
witch
to
a
d
iam
etr
ically
o
p
p
o
s
ite
ch
ar
ac
ter
an
d
tr
y
to
co
n
v
ey
th
e
s
am
e
wo
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
h
o
m
ew
o
r
k
was
ass
ess
ed
b
y
an
e
x
p
er
t.
T
h
e
4
th
wo
r
k
in
g
d
ay
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
was
d
e
d
icate
d
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
s
p
ee
ch
es
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
v
id
e
o
less
o
n
,
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
h
ad
to
s
elec
t
a
to
p
ic
o
f
in
te
r
est
an
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
eir
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
P
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
ad
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
to
co
m
p
lete
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
.
E
ac
h
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
was
s
h
ar
ed
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
ch
at
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Oth
er
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
u
l
d
r
ea
ct
to
an
d
c
o
m
m
en
t
o
n
th
eir
c
o
lle
ag
u
es
’
wo
r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
5
1
2
9
-
5
1
3
9
5132
Af
ter
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
o
r
e
x
p
er
ts
,
wh
o
ev
alu
ated
th
eir
wo
r
k
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t.
I
f
r
esear
c
h
er
s
an
d
ex
p
er
ts
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
er
r
o
r
s
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
ad
to
co
r
r
ec
t
th
em
t
o
g
ain
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
n
ex
t
m
o
d
u
le.
I
n
th
e
f
if
th
a
n
d
f
i
n
al
less
o
n
,
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
ea
k
er
s
co
n
d
u
cted
a
jo
in
t
liv
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t,
co
m
m
e
n
tin
g
o
n
t
h
e
m
ain
m
is
tak
es
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
an
s
wer
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
p
r
a
ctica
l
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
At
t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
e
r
wen
t
f
in
al
test
in
g
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
ey
wer
e
a
b
le
to
ass
ess
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
id
en
tify
k
e
y
less
o
n
s
lear
n
ed
,
an
d
co
n
tem
p
late
f
u
r
th
er
s
tep
s
in
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t.
Su
c
h
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
im
p
lem
en
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n
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wed
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h
er
-
s
tu
d
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to
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ely
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ir
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d
s
k
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elate
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s
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ir
itu
ality
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ics,
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d
cr
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ity
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at
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m
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t a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l in
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
2
.
4
.
Sca
le
T
h
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
welln
ess
as
s
ess
m
en
t
s
ca
le
was
u
tili
ze
d
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
f
iv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
:
v
itality
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
v
alu
es,
m
ea
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
es
s
to
ch
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g
e
.
E
ac
h
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d
icato
r
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
s
p
ec
if
i
c
asp
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t
o
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ir
itu
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ein
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r
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id
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co
m
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r
eh
en
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iv
e
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ess
m
en
t
o
f
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
’
o
v
er
all
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
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T
h
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
,
ex
am
p
les
o
f
q
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esti
o
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o
r
ea
c
h
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teg
o
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n
d
C
r
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ac
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s
alp
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icie
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t
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o
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th
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tu
d
y
a
r
e
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r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
e
n
s
u
r
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g
th
e
clar
ity
an
d
r
eliab
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e
m
ea
s
u
r
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en
t
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s
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u
m
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t
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p
lo
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.
E
ac
h
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teg
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r
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r
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ated
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m
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ar
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3
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,
a
p
p
r
o
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im
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th
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tim
e,
4
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f
ten
,
a
n
d
5
=a
lway
s
o
r
n
ea
r
ly
alwa
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s
.
E
ac
h
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t w
as r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
elec
t th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
at
m
o
s
t c
lo
s
ely
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Utiliz
a
tio
n
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f in
n
o
va
tive
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c
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tio
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lvir
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Yes
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5133
T
ab
le
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
an
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r
eliab
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f
s
p
ir
itu
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welln
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5
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7
9
V
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l
a
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1
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8
3
O
p
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M
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d
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.
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o
w
sco
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s
m
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f
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h
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n
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e
0
.
7
7
2
.
5
.
Sta
t
is
t
ica
l da
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
test
ed
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
ality
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
m
eth
o
d
(
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
s
)
,
wh
ich
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
f
o
r
p
ar
am
etr
ic
test
s
.
I
n
ter
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
an
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
t
-
test
,
wh
ile
in
tr
ag
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
a
p
air
ed
t
-
test
.
All
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
s
o
f
twar
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
2
7
)
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
f
o
r
all
test
s
was
s
et
at
p
<0
.
0
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
izes
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
,
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
C
o
h
en
’
s
d
,
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
ce
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
-
test
in
g
d
id
n
o
t
r
e
v
ea
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
t
io
n
g
r
o
u
p
(
g
r
o
u
p
A
)
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
(
g
r
o
u
p
B
)
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
d
icato
r
s
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
v
itality
:
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
2
.
7
7
±
0
.
7
6
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
2
.
8
1
±
0
.
8
8
)
,
p
=0
.
2
1
6
,
d
=0
.
0
4
9
;
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
:
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
2
.
6
1
±
0
.
7
5
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
2
.
5
4
±
0
.
7
5
)
,
p
=0
.
3
2
4
,
d
=
-
0
.
0
9
3
;
in
ter
m
s
o
f
v
alu
es:
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
2
.
8
9
±
0
.
8
3
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
2
.
6
5
±
0
.
6
9
)
,
p
=
0
.
0
8
8
,
d
=
-
0
.
3
0
9
;
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
m
ea
n
in
g
:
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
2
.
9
7
±
0
.
7
1
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
3
.
0
4
±
0
.
7
2
)
,
p
=0
.
3
3
1
,
d
=
0
.
0
9
9
;
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
p
e
n
n
ess
to
ch
an
g
e:
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
3
.
0
5
±
0
.
7
3
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
3
.
1
1
±
0
.
7
6
)
,
p
=0
.
2
9
7
,
d
=0
.
0
8
1
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
g
r
o
u
p
A
(
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
h
ig
h
e
r
lev
el
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
,
clea
r
er
v
alu
es,
an
d
a
g
r
ea
ter
s
en
s
e
o
f
life
m
ea
n
in
g
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
in
g
r
o
u
p
B
(
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
)
.
Vitality
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
ess
to
ch
an
g
e
r
em
ain
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
at
th
e
s
am
e
le
v
el
in
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
an
d
t
-
s
tatis
tics
b
etwe
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.
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R
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.
5
4
0
.
7
5
2
.
6
3
0
.
7
9
1
.
2
4
0
.
0
8
9
0
.
1
1
7
V
a
l
u
e
s
2
.
6
5
0
.
6
9
2
.
7
1
0
.
6
5
0
.
9
1
0
.
5
9
7
0
.
0
9
M
e
a
n
i
n
g
3
.
0
4
0
.
7
2
2
.
8
9
0
.
6
4
2
.
6
2
0
.
0
0
5
-
0
.
2
1
9
O
p
e
n
n
e
ss
t
o
c
h
a
n
g
e
3
.
1
1
0
.
7
6
3
.
3
1
0
.
7
3
.
1
4
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
2
7
4
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
p
i
r
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
te
n
tial.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
id
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
lev
els
o
f
v
itality
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
ess
to
ch
an
g
e
(
R
Q1
)
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
m
ay
b
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
en
tire
ly
o
n
lin
e,
wh
ich
lik
ely
lim
ited
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
n
tact
an
d
in
ter
a
ctio
n
with
n
atu
r
e
,
an
elem
e
n
t
s
h
o
wn
in
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Nis
b
et
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
to
r
esto
r
e
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
o
o
d
.
Fu
tu
r
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
in
clu
d
e
a
b
le
n
d
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
c
o
m
b
in
es
o
n
lin
e
elem
en
ts
with
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
n
atu
r
e
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
ese
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
well
-
b
ein
g
.
A
n
o
tab
le
o
u
tco
m
e
is
th
at
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
ex
h
ib
ited
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
to
s
tr
ess
(
R
Q2
)
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
i
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t w
ith
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
[
1
9
]
.
H
o
lt
-
Qu
ick
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
h
av
e
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
o
n
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
g
ain
r
esil
ien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
atb
o
ts
th
at
u
tili
ze
p
r
in
cip
les
f
r
o
m
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
-
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
th
er
a
p
y
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
ch
at
b
o
t
was
also
tailo
r
ed
to
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
[
2
1
]
,
in
d
icatin
g
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
'
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
em
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Utiliz
a
tio
n
o
f in
n
o
va
tive
e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
…
(
E
lvir
a
Yes
h
en
ku
lo
va
)
5135
T
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
clar
ity
o
f
v
alu
es
am
o
n
g
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
h
elp
ed
th
em
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
eir
o
w
n
life
v
alu
es
an
d
g
o
als
(
R
Q3
)
.
T
h
e
d
ata
al
ig
n
with
th
e
s
elf
-
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
[
1
4
]
,
w
h
ich
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
n
e
’
s
g
o
als
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
s
p
ir
itu
al
a
n
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
f
life
g
o
als.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
ea
n
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
s
u
g
g
ests
an
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
life
p
ath
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
eir
ac
tio
n
s
(
R
Q4
)
.
T
h
e
liter
a
tu
r
e
W
ilk
in
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
in
d
icate
s
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
s
p
ir
itu
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
life
’
s
m
ea
n
in
g
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
by
H
s
u
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ch
atb
o
ts
to
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
life
ch
o
ices.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
d
id
n
o
t
r
ev
ea
l
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
o
p
e
n
n
ess
to
ch
an
g
e
(
R
Q5
)
.
B
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
m
o
d
est
b
u
t
s
tatis
tical
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
is
in
d
icato
r
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
m
ay
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
cr
e
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
awa
r
en
ess
f
o
s
ter
s
g
r
ea
ter
o
p
en
n
ess
to
n
ew
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
ch
an
g
es [
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it is
wo
r
t
h
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
wer
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
a
y
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
h
a
d
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
is
asp
ec
t.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
,
wh
o
d
id
n
o
t
en
g
ag
e
i
n
t
h
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
b
u
t
o
th
er
wis
e
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
s
am
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
d
id
n
o
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
h
ea
lth
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
it
was
n
o
ted
th
at
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
o
p
en
n
ess
to
c
h
an
g
e
in
d
icato
r
wa
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
in
d
icato
r
.
T
h
is
m
a
y
b
e
d
u
e
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
eg
in
n
in
g
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
th
eir
liv
es
an
d
g
o
als
in
a
m
o
r
e
o
p
en
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
m
an
n
er
,
tem
p
o
r
ar
ily
lead
in
g
to
a
lo
s
s
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
in
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
life
'
s
m
ea
n
in
g
.
Per
h
ap
s
o
th
er
ac
a
d
em
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
tili
ze
d
w
ith
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
h
elp
ed
en
h
an
ce
Me
an
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
g
ain
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
is
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
tr
u
e
ca
u
s
es o
f
th
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
aim
ed
at
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
p
o
te
n
tial
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
ch
atb
o
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
tr
ess
r
esil
ien
ce
(
r
esil
ie
n
ce
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
'
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ei
n
g
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
h
elp
in
g
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
er
awa
r
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
eir
life
v
alu
es
(
v
alu
es
)
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
h
as
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
as
clar
ity
in
d
ef
in
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
alu
es
an
d
g
o
als
is
c
r
itical
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
Giv
en
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
t
h
is
f
ac
to
r
,
in
te
g
r
atin
g
s
u
c
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
to
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
u
ld
ass
is
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
th
eir
l
if
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
s
tr
ess
an
d
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
h
elp
l
ess
n
ess
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
in
d
m
ea
n
in
g
in
life
(
m
ea
n
in
g
)
b
ec
o
m
es
a
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
in
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
ea
n
in
g
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es th
e
p
o
ten
tial o
f
ch
atb
o
ts
as to
o
ls
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t in
s
elf
-
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
a
n
d
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
cr
ea
te
s
u
ita
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
its
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
,
allo
ca
tin
g
tim
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
lies
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
th
at
ea
ch
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
o
s
s
ess
es
a
u
n
iq
u
e
lev
el
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
th
e
r
ea
lizat
io
n
o
f
wh
ich
r
e
q
u
ir
es
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
s
[
3
1
]
.
R
ev
ea
lin
g
o
n
e
’
s
in
n
er
w
o
r
ld
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
is
n
at
u
r
al
f
o
r
a
teac
h
e
r
[
3
2
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
ich
er
,
h
ea
lth
ie
r
,
an
d
f
u
ller
it
is
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
f
r
u
itfu
l
it
ca
n
b
e.
T
h
u
s
,
r
ein
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
c
r
e
ativ
ity
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
t
iv
e
p
o
te
n
tial
h
elp
s
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
y
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
n
er
wo
r
ld
an
d
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
.
3
.
1
.
M
a
in re
co
m
m
enda
t
io
ns
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
u
cted
r
esea
r
ch
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
e
s
en
ted
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
u
s
in
g
a
ch
atb
o
t
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
.
First
ly
,
atten
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
ai
d
to
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lty
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
b
r
e
ath
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
r
elax
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
to
en
h
an
ce
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
t
en
tial.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
m
o
d
u
le
6
in
clu
d
ed
s
tr
ess
r
esil
ien
ce
m
eth
o
d
s
,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
p
an
d
e
d
with
m
o
r
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
t
o
f
o
s
ter
m
in
d
f
u
l
n
ess
an
d
s
elf
-
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ca
n
b
e
o
f
f
e
r
ed
task
s
an
d
ex
er
cises
aim
ed
at
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
m
in
d
f
u
ln
ess
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
eir
v
alu
es
an
d
g
o
als.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
elf
-
an
aly
s
is
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
task
s
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
th
e
c
h
atb
o
t.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
ch
atb
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
elf
-
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
ess
io
n
s
b
y
s
e
n
d
in
g
r
e
m
in
d
er
s
,
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
m
en
t,
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
m
ess
ag
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
c
h
atb
o
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
v
a
r
io
u
s
task
s
an
d
e
x
er
cises
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
k
ills
(
tim
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
)
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
th
e
ch
at
b
o
t
c
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
ass
ess
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es,
v
alu
es,
in
ter
ests
,
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ac
tio
n
p
lan
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
g
o
al
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
th
e
ch
atb
o
t
to
h
a
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
to
ass
is
t
in
an
aly
zin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
an
d
ask
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
ac
h
iev
ed
r
es
u
lts
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
p
ast
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
wh
ich
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
u
n
ab
le
to
tech
n
ically
i
m
p
lem
en
t.
Fo
r
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
c
ato
r
s
,
as
well
as
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
o
p
tim
al
teac
h
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
5
1
2
9
-
5
1
3
9
5136
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
ad
ap
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
an
d
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
.
3
.
2
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
4
th
-
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ajo
r
in
g
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
r
o
m
two
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
in
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
wh
ich
m
ay
lim
it
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
to
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Desp
ite
th
eir
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
s
ca
les
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
m
ay
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
s
en
s
itiv
e
o
r
m
ay
n
o
t
h
av
e
co
v
e
r
ed
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
u
n
d
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e,
s
p
an
n
in
g
s
ix
wee
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
ch
atb
o
t
m
ay
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
a
d
eq
u
ate
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
a
n
g
es
in
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
a
n
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
m
a
y
n
o
t
h
av
e
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
s
o
n
al
ev
en
ts
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
im
p
ac
t
th
e
i
n
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
n
o
t
all
tech
n
ical
id
ea
s
o
f
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ch
at
b
o
t,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
also
h
av
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
i
r
itu
al
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
o
ten
tial
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
ch
atb
o
t
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
,
was
p
ar
tially
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
ch
atb
o
ts
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ay
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
to
s
tr
ess
,
wh
ich
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
f
ac
in
g
h
ig
h
wo
r
k
lo
a
d
s
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
c
h
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
c
o
m
p
r
is
in
g
an
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
with
a
ch
a
tb
o
t,
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
aw
ar
en
ess
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
v
al
u
es
a
n
d
life
m
ea
n
in
g
,
b
u
t
d
id
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
v
itality
an
d
o
p
e
n
n
ess
to
ch
a
n
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
s
p
ir
itu
al
h
ea
lth
,
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
m
ay
b
e
lim
ited
i
n
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
o
t
h
er
asp
ec
ts
.
A
h
ig
h
ly
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
is
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
wh
eth
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
ch
a
n
g
es
in
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
c
r
ea
tiv
e
p
o
te
n
tial
ar
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
o
v
er
tim
e.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
m
ay
ex
ten
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
Ka
za
k
h
s
tan
i
teac
h
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
b
e
ad
a
p
ted
f
o
r
v
ar
io
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DATA AV
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AB
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Y
.
B
o
a
r
i
,
R
.
M
e
g
a
v
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t
r
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,
P
.
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P
a
t
t
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a
s
i
n
a
,
H
.
T
.
R
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m
d
a
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a
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d
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.
M
u
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a
n
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r
,
“
Th
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med
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n
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t
s’
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r
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c
a
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h
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k
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g
s
k
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l
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s
,”
MUD
I
R:
J
u
r
n
a
l
M
a
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a
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Pe
n
d
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n
,
v
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l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
–
1
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7
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
2
]
M
.
D
u
r
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a
l
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,
Ş
.
O
r
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k
c
i
,
a
n
d
T
.
K
h
a
l
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l
i
,
“
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o
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o
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s,
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h
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k
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.
4
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3
,
d
o
i
:
1
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.
1
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6
/
j
.
t
sc.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
1
2
0
0
.
[
3
]
K
.
A
l
h
u
m
a
i
d
,
S
.
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l
N
a
q
b
i
,
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.
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s
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i
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a
n
d
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.
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l
M
a
n
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,
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h
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o
p
t
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o
f
a
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f
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a
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p
p
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t
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o
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s
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d
u
c
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t
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n
,
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e
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n
a
t
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o
n
a
l
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o
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o
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t
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e
,
v
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l
.
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o
.
1
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p
p
.
4
5
7
–
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6
6
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
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.
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2
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7
/
j
.
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j
d
n
s.
2
0
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2
.
8
.
0
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3
.
[
4
]
M
.
M
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t
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-
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u
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d
a
,
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.
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o
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.
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.
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mp
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me
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f
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t
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T
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d
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t
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:
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m
p
u
t
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s
1
2
0
8
0
1
5
3
.
[
5
]
M
.
P
.
W
i
ss
i
n
g
,
A
.
W.
F
a
d
i
j
i
,
L
.
S
c
h
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t
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